HYDRAULIC DELAY TOOL FOR NON-SELECTIVE PERFORATING OPERATIONS IN OIL WELLS

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to delayed detonation systems in oil wells, in particular to devices that allow the controlled firing of perforating guns in underbalanced conditions. This technical field includes equipment used for completion operations in the oil industry, especially those where timing and pressure control are crucial to the effectiveness and safety of drilling and subsequent hydrocarbon flow. The invention falls under the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes E21B43/117 (controlled detonation in oil wells) and F42D1/08 (delay devices in detonation systems).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the field of oil well completion and perforating technology, detonation and perforation systems have evolved to facilitate underbalanced operations in wells that require specific pressure control interventions. In this context, hydraulic delay devices have been implemented to manage the delayed activation of perforating guns, allowing to achieve adequate pressure in the well prior to detonation. However, conventional delay systems in the prior art present a number of limitations and challenges that affect their effectiveness in complex operations, restricting their applicability and reliability in different well conditions.

One of the most common problems in current devices is their dependence on activation mechanisms that require very high activation pressures. This means that these systems are only effective in situations where well pressures are high enough to exceed the hydraulic delay activation threshold, making them unsuitable for low-pressure or negative equilibrium conditions. This dependence limits their application in operations where pressure control must be maintained within a specific low range to prevent damage to the formation and facilitate controlled hydrocarbon flow. Existing systems also do not allow for precise adjustment of the delay time in response to variations in well conditions, such as changes in pressure and temperature, which can lead to errors in the timing of the perforating gun activation, negatively affecting the efficiency of the operation. The lack of flexibility in setting delay times and pressures is another common problem in the prior art. Many devices currently available on the market have rigid configurations that are not easily adjustable, limiting their versatility in the field.

This problem is particularly evident in devices that rely on preconfigured elements or standardized breakaway parts that cannot be modified without replacing entire structural components of the system. As a result, operators lack the ability to adapt the device to the dynamic conditions of each well, which can result in overpressure or insufficient pressure at the time of detonation. This restricts the ability of operators to respond to changing circumstances during operation, affecting the accuracy and safety of the activation of perforating systems. Furthermore, in the current state of the art, many delayed detonation systems do not offer compatibility with a wide range of perforating guns or drilling tools. Some devices are designed to operate exclusively with specific systems, forcing operators to use tools from the same manufacturer, limiting options for customization and adaptation to different gun configurations available on the market. This lack of interoperability is an obstacle to the use of hydraulic delay systems, especially in operations where high tool adaptability is required to meet the specific requirements of the well and the type of formation. Dependence on specific suppliers restricts the possibility of optimizing firing operations according to the needs and technical parameters of the well, generating inefficiencies and higher operating costs.

Another technical challenge identified in the prior art lies in the limited accuracy of delay systems when initiating the detonation sequence. Most existing devices employ activation mechanisms that do not guarantee precise synchronization, which is essential in the context of underbalanced operations. Activation of perforating systems at the wrong time can lead to significant problems, including drilling failures and loss of pressure control, which ultimately affects production flow and can compromise the safety of the operation. Current systems often experience variations in activation due to factors such as temperature and well fluid conditions, which can alter delay behavior and create timing issues that impact the sequence and effectiveness of detonation. An additional problem with prior art systems is their susceptibility to adverse environmental conditions and fluctuations in well pressure and temperature. Many hydraulic delay devices are not designed to maintain operational consistency under extreme variations, which affects the reliability of the detonators'activation. Such variations can change the properties of the fluids within the system and disrupt the delay sequence, increasing the risk of premature or delayed activations that hinder precise execution of the perforating operation. In this context, the need for a hydraulic delay system capable of operating reliably and precisely in such a variable environment is fundamental to the efficiency and safety of perforating operations.

U.S. Pat. No. 10,519,733B2 describes a hydraulic tool used in oil well operations that integrates a delay control system and a pressure multiplier system. This prior art comprises a hydraulic mechanism that uses a piston and an area ratio to multiply the applied pressure, as well as a fluid flow control system, allowing the tool to be activated under specific pressure conditions. The patent is designed for well operations, where precise pressure and flow regulation is essential for the stages of operation. However, this prior art does not resolve the limitations in the timing control of activation in non-selective perforating operations, which require a specific delay in the firing action. Unlike U.S. Pat. No. 10,519,733B2, the current invention introduces a high-viscosity fluid chamber and a rupture disc, components that allow for precise temporal control by regulating the inflow of fluid from the well and activating the displacement of a plunger at a precise moment. In addition, the sequential combination of a hydraulic delay system with a pressure multiplier system that activates a firing mechanism through a novel structural arrangement would allow for controlled and specific activation in time, something that the prior art does not provide.

U.S. Pat. No. 11,441,375B2 presents a hydraulic delay tool that allows basic control of the activation time in oil well operations by regulating the flow of fluids between chambers and using a pressure retention system. While this tool allows for some delay in activation, the system is limited when specific and controlled timing precision is required, especially in non-selective perforating operations, where the exact timing of the trigger is critical to maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. The prior art also presents difficulties in ensuring adequate pressure control at the start of detonation in non-selective perforating applications. In these operations, the absence of a mechanism that allows for precise activation at a single controlled moment can lead to inconsistencies in the operation, affecting accuracy and performance in the well. Furthermore, the pressure regulation and staged activation described in U.S. Pat. No. 11,441,375B2 do not ensure the exact delay control that some operations require, as their system is not designed to sequentially and precisely manage fluid input under highly specific and controlled pressure conditions.

The prior art in delayed detonation devices in oil wells has multiple technical limitations related to dependence on high pressures, lack of flexibility in configuration, limited compatibility with various perforating tools, imprecision in activation, and susceptibility to environmental conditions. These problems highlight the need for technology that offers greater adaptability, precision, and reliability in controlling detonation in low-pressure wells, without the structural and operational restrictions observed in current systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The hydraulic delay system that is the subject of this invention consists of an elongated, cylindrical casing containing a series of chambers and pistons arranged sequentially to allow the containment and release of a viscous fluid. The casing, constructed of high-strength materials such as stainless steel or a corrosion-and wear-resistant metal alloy, is characterized by a tubular structure that facilitates its insertion into the gun string. The casing includes a series of openings and threaded joints, allowing interconnection with other drilling devices. In one of its possible configurations, the casing has an internal coating that facilitates the movement of internal components, minimizing friction and protecting the integrity of the contained fluid. Inside the casing is a first chamber designed to contain a volume of high-viscosity silicone or any other fluid with similar viscoelastic characteristics. This chamber is a cylindrical cavity bounded by smooth, anti-friction coated inner walls, designed to ensure the confinement of the silicone and prevent leakage to other parts of the device. The chamber inlet is sealed by a series of sealing gaskets, such as O-rings, which prevent the entry of other fluids while the device is inactive. This chamber also includes a capillary that communicates with a second chamber, allowing the controlled passage of silicone to the next stage of the system. The capillary is an extremely thin tubular structure, which can be made of a high-pressure resistant metal or polymer material, inserted in a sealed manner to control the flow and facilitate the gradual movement of the silicone between the chambers. To enable the movement of silicone from the first chamber, the system includes a rupture disc device. This device consists of a metal disc of uniform thickness, fixed in a position that obstructs the passage of silicone until a specific pressure is applied that exceeds the resistance of the disc material. The rupture disc is selected from calibrated and certified materials, ensuring that each disc withstands a precise pressure, which allows it to be configured for a range of pressures according to operational needs. The rupture disc is housed in a compartment integrated into the casing and secured with a retaining ring, which prevents any unintended movement until the appropriate pressure is applied for its activation.

The capillary mentioned above is an important component in regulating the flow of silicone from the main chamber. This capillary is located inside a protective cartridge, composed of a resistant alloy outer coating, which contains a cushioning polymer inside to absorb shocks and vibrations that may occur during transport or operation. This capillary is hermetically connected to the chambers by precision welding, which ensures that the silicone flow only occurs through this capillary, without diverting to other areas of the system. In addition, a fine mesh filter is incorporated at the end of the capillary to retain any particles or impurities that may interfere with the flow of silicone, maintaining the purity of the material and preventing clogging of the capillary.

At the opposite end of the second chamber, the system includes a pressure multiplier piston, designed to increase the force of the fluid moving through the device. This piston is a cylindrical piece that fits precisely to the internal walls of the chamber in order to transform the pressure exerted by the fluid into sufficient force to activate the perforating perforating guns. The piston is composed of a metal core covered by an anti-friction material surface, which minimizes wear and ensures smooth and controlled movement. This piston is connected to a system of retaining springs and additional supports that stabilize its position and only allow it to move once a specific pressure has been reached.

To ensure the system is leak-proof, the device includes a series of sealing gaskets at key points in the structure, particularly at the junction between the housing and the pistons, as well as at the connections to the capillary and rupture disc. These gaskets are made of elastomers or polymers that are resistant to high pressures and temperatures, ensuring the durability and reliability of the system in extreme conditions. The seals are strategically selected and placed to prevent the entry of unwanted fluids or pressure loss within the chambers, which is essential for the proper functioning of the entire system.

The present invention contemplates alternative configurations in the design of the capillary and rupture disc to adapt to different pressures and delay times required. In one variant, the capillary can be designed with a variable diameter or with a greater length to modify the resistance to the flow of silicone, thus adjusting the delay time as needed. Likewise, the rupture disc can be interchangeable, allowing the user to select a disc with the appropriate activation pressure for each operation. This is achieved by means of a screw or quick-release system in the disc compartment, facilitating its replacement and adjusting the system to the specific conditions of each well.

For greater clarity and understanding of the object of the present invention, it has been illustrated in several figures in which it has been represented in one or more of the preferred forms of embodiment by way of example, where:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The aforementioned features and others of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates upon reading the following description with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of the hydraulic delay tool for perforating operations in oil wells. The main body (1) houses both the hydraulic delay system and the pressure multiplier system. Inside it are the trigger mechanism (2), which acts as the end point for initiating the perforating guns, and the pressure multiplier chamber (3), where the pressure multiplier piston (4) moves to amplify the applied pressure. The mandrel positioner (5) and mandrel positioner nipples (6) ensure the correct alignment and stability of the mandrel (7), which connects the moving parts of the system. In addition, the silicone push plunger (8), the delay cartridge (9), and the capillary protector (10) work together to control the flow of viscous fluid and the delay time. These components are designed to withstand high pressures and temperatures, ensuring the reliability of the device in extreme conditions.

FIG. 2: shows an enlarged view of the tool highlighting the internal elements of the hydraulic delay system. The mandrel (7) moves within the mandrel chamber (27), allowing precise control of the viscous fluid flow by means of the silicone push plunger (8). The delay cartridge (9) ensures that the flow is constant and controlled, while the capillary protector (10) protects the internal components from damage by external particles or impacts. The mandrel plunger captive housing (11) and the delay cartridge spacer (12) ensure proper alignment and stability of the moving parts during operation. This modular design facilitates maintenance and replacement of parts in case of wear.

FIG. 3: details the hydraulic delay system, emphasizing the operation of the fuse system rupture disc (13). This component ruptures under a predetermined pressure, allowing well fluid to enter the mandrel chamber (27) and displace the mandrel (7). The viscous fluid contained in this section flows into the capillary (see fittings 15/16) through the capillary end fitting (15) and the capillary end (16), ensuring precise control of the delay time. The O-rings (14) prevent leaks and maintain the integrity of the system, even under high pressures.

FIG. 4: shows a section highlighting the system's adjustment and regulation components. The delay cartridge holder (12) and the rupture disc holder cap (19) allow for secure assembly of the main components of the delay system. The silicone impurity filter (20) ensures that contaminating particles do not interfere with the flow of the viscous fluid, protecting the internal components. The cartridge O-rings (21) ensure the tightness of the connections between the cartridge and the rest of the system. These elements are essential for the continuous and reliable operation of the device.

FIG. 5: highlights the structural elements of the delay and pressure multiplier system. The mandrel positioning nipples (23) and the nipple housing (24) can be seen, which ensure the correct alignment of the mandrel (7) within the tool. In addition, the mandrel positioning nipples (25) and the nipple positioner (26) work together to keep the system stable and aligned during operation. The mandrel chamber (27) ensures the linear movement of the mandrel, which is essential for controlling the flow of viscous fluid and activating the pressure multiplication system.

FIG. 6: shows an enlarged view of the isolation and support components. The isolating O-ring of the delay system with the multiplier system (28) physically separates the two systems, preventing the transfer of pressure or fluids between them. The nipple lock nut (29) ensures that the positioning nipples (23) remain fixed in place, while the nipple housing (30) facilitates assembly and maintenance of the parts. This modular design allows for quick and efficient replacement of components in case of wear or damage.

FIG. 7: provides an overview of the complete hydraulic delay tool assembly. The gun top thread (31) allows the tool to be integrated with the gun string in the well. The detonator housing (32) and firing head housing (33) provide secure points for installing the firing mechanisms. The firing head thread (34) connects these mechanisms to the main tool, while the bleed plugs (35) allow air or fluids trapped during assembly or maintenance to be released, ensuring optimal system performance.

LIST OF FIGURE REFERENCE NUMBERS (NOMENCLATURE OF ILLUSTRATED COMPONENTS)

• • 1. Threaded adapter for perforating guns (THD).
  • 2. Firing head housing.
  • 3. Pressure multiplier chamber.
  • 4. Pressure multiplier piston.
  • 5. Mandrel positioner.
  • 6. Mandrel positioning nipples.
  • 7. Mandrel.
  • 8. Silicone drive piston.
  • 9. Delay cartridge.
  • 10. Capillary protector.
  • 11. Mandrel plunger set-screw housing.
  • 12. Delay cartridge intermediate element.
  • 13. Fuse system rupture disk.
  • 14. O-ring.
  • 15. End thread for capillary fitting.
  • 16. Capillary end fitting.
  • 17. Activation chamber
  • 18. (Same as 12: Intermediate element for delay cartridge holder.)
  • 19. Rupture disc holder cover.
  • 20. Silicone impurity filter.
  • 21. Cartridge O-ring.
  • 22. (Same as 10: Capillary protector.)
  • 23. (Same as 6: Mandrel positioning nipples.)
  • 24. Housing for positioning nipples.
  • 25. (Same as 6: Mandrel positioning nipples.)
  • 26. Nipple positioner.
  • 27. Mandrel holder chamber.
  • 28. Insulating O-rings between the delay system and the multiplier system.
  • 29. Lock nut for nipples.
  • 30. (Same as 24: Housing for positioning nipples.)
  • 31. Thread for gun top sub.
  • 32. Detonator housing.
  • 33. Housing for firing head.
  • 34. Thread for firing head.
  • 35. Bleed plugs.
  • 36. (Duplicate of 3: Pressure multiplier chamber, unified reference.)
  • 37. Holes for torque tool for parts.
  • 38. Smaller guide hole for multiplier piston.
  • 39. Larger guide hole for multiplier piston.
  • 40. Smaller O-rings for the multiplier piston.
  • 41. Larger O-rings for the multiplier piston.
  • 42. Guide mandrel for the multiplier piston.
  • 43. Multiplier piston positioner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the context of this disclosure, the singular forms “a”, “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” as used herein, may specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more of other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups. As used herein, the term “and/or” may include any and all combinations of one or more of the listed associated elements. Furthermore, although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. Therefore, a “first” element discussed below could also be referred to as a “second” element without departing from the teachings of this disclosure. The sequence of operations (or stages/steps) is not limited to the order presented in the claims or figures unless specifically indicated otherwise. As used herein, the term “substantially identical” or “substantially equal” refers to items or metrics that are identical apart from measurement error. The broad scope of the invention is best understood with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are presented only by way of example, and the invention should be limited by the terms of the appended claims, together with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are directed.

The hydraulic delay system of the present invention consists of an elongated cylindrical housing designed to withstand the extreme conditions present in oil and natural gas wells, particularly in underbalanced drilling environments. The casing extends throughout the entire device, providing a robust and resistant structure that encapsulates and protects the internal components. Manufactured from highly durable and resistant materials, such as industrial-grade stainless steel or highly corrosion-resistant metal alloys, the casing is designed to operate in high-pressure, high-temperature environments and when exposed to corrosive fluids. In terms of dimensions, the casing has an internal and external diameter calibrated to fit within a string of perforating guns without affecting the flow of surrounding fluids. This design allows the hydraulic delay system to be installed safely and stably at the bottom of the gun string. Along its length, the casing includes a series of openings and inlet ports that facilitate interaction with the well fluid, while allowing for secure and watertight sealing of the internal components. These openings are strategically distributed to ensure that the system can balance internal and external pressure in a controlled and precise manner, minimizing the risk of leaks or pressure imbalances that could compromise the operation. The casing is configured using a system of threaded joints that allow for a secure assembly with other sections of the drill string as well as connection to other gun activation devices. These threads are precision-engineered to ensure a solid and stable connection, preventing accidental displacement or rotation during operation. Each of these joints has anti-friction coatings that protect the threads from possible damage caused by constant friction, also allowing for efficient assembly and disassembly when necessary. The arrangement of these threads is optimized to withstand the axial and lateral loads that can be generated due to pressure variations and fluid movement in the well. The interior of the housing has a special coating that reduces friction between the housing and moving elements, such as pistons and other displacement parts. This coating is composed of materials such as Teflon or low-friction ceramic coatings that allow for smooth and controlled movement of the components, ensuring that they move along their path without restriction. The inner coating also acts as an additional protective barrier for the internal components, preventing the adhesion of debris or particles that may be found in the well fluid, which could interfere with the operation of the system. The housing of the hydraulic delay system serves to contain and protect the internal components, ensuring that each element can operate efficiently within a controlled environment. The function of the housing goes beyond simple structural support, as it also acts as the first level of defense against pressure changes and external forces experienced during well operations. By encapsulating the chamber, piston, and other elements inside, the housing creates a controlled pressure chamber where components can function without risk of external interference.

Another important function of the casing is to facilitate controlled interaction with well fluids through its openings and inlet ports. These access points allow well fluid to interact with internal components, activating pressure sequences at specific times and regulating the pressure balance within the system. This controlled interaction is vital to ensure that pistons and other moving parts respond appropriately to pressure changes in the well, which is critical to maintaining the accuracy and stability of the hydraulic delay. In addition, the housing facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the hydraulic delay system in the gun string through its threaded joints and anti-friction linings. This feature is crucial in operations where the system needs to be installed in field conditions, allowing operators to secure the device quickly and without risk of disassembly. The ability to disassemble is also useful for system maintenance, as it allows for the inspection and replacement of internal components in case of wear or damage. The housing of the hydraulic delay system acts as the main structural component that integrates and stabilizes the set of internal elements, establishing the framework in which each component can interact with the others. The arrangement of ports and openings in the housing facilitates the entry and movement of fluid from the well, allowing the silicone chambers and pistons to activate in sequence according to the pressure and time parameters defined for the operation. This controlled fluid flow ensures that the system can maintain a constant pressure inside, avoiding sudden variations that could interfere with the delay sequence. The housing also interacts directly with the piston system and silicone chambers, providing a closed, sealed environment where these elements can move freely without well fluid penetrating or causing internal pressure fluctuations. This relationship contributes to the performance of the system, as the casing must ensure that the silicone fluid contained in the primary chamber does not escape or be affected by the well fluid until the activation sequence is complete. This containment function ensures that the silicone moves through the capillary and into the next chamber in a controlled and precise manner, in accordance with design specifications.

In addition, the housing facilitates the connection of the hydraulic delay system to other devices in the drill string, such as perforating guns and external activation devices. Threaded connections and connection ports allow the system to be integrated into the drill string without interference, ensuring that the alignment and positioning of the device remain stable throughout the operation. This stability is essential for the hydraulic delay system to maintain its functionality over time, even when exposed to the vibrations and movements typical of a downhole operation. The silicone chamber system in the hydraulic delay device is a high-precision fluid containment unit that plays an important role in the delay mechanism. This chamber is a cylindrical internal cavity within the housing, designed to hold a specific volume of high-viscosity silicone. The chamber structure consists of smooth, uniform inner walls coated with anti-friction materials, such as Teflon or specialized polymers, which ensure smooth and controlled sliding of the piston and the contained fluid. This anti-friction surface inside the chamber is crucial to prevent the silicone fluid from sticking or slowing down at specific points in the chamber, which could alter the timing of the delay system activation.

The chamber material is high-strength stainless steel or a metal alloy capable of withstanding the temperature and pressure variations to which the system will be exposed inside the well. The choice of these materials takes into account not only structural robustness, but also their ability to withstand constant exposure to well fluid, which often contains abrasive particles and corrosive elements. The chamber walls are designed to prevent fluid leakage and to withstand the pressure exerted by the movement of the multiplier piston without deformation. Inside the chamber, the silicone fluid is sealed, with no possibility of contact with other fluids present in the well, thanks to a series of high-precision seals. The silicone chamber has a capillary at its end, an extremely thin-diameter cylindrical element that allows the regulated passage of silicone from this initial chamber to a secondary chamber. This capillary is located inside a protective cartridge, which contains a cushioning polymer to minimize any possible impact or vibration that could affect the integrity of the capillary. It is fixed inside the chamber by precision welding, which ensures that the silicone fluid can flow exclusively through this tubular structure without leakage. In addition, a fine mesh filter is placed at the entrance of the capillary, designed to retain any impurities or particles that could affect the flow of silicone through the capillary.

The silicone chamber plays an important role in creating a controlled delay for the activation of the system. The silicone fluid, selected for its high viscosity, moves slowly and steadily through the capillary, generating controlled resistance that allows for a precise delay in the transfer of pressure to the multiplier piston. In its initial state, the silicone remains contained in the first chamber, hermetically sealed by the rupture disc, which prevents its movement until a specific pressure is reached. This seal ensures that the silicone remains static, which is essential for maintaining system synchronization and ensuring that the delay occurs at the right time. When the internal pressure in the system increases to a predefined level, the rupture disk allows the silicone to pass through the capillary and into the secondary chamber. The geometry and length of the capillary, in combination with the viscosity of the fluid, determine the desired delay time. The silicone flows through the capillary at a predetermined rate, allowing precise control of the delay time based on the resistance presented by the capillary to the passage of fluid. This hydraulic delay system does not depend on well pressure, but rather on the internal resistance created by the viscosity of the silicone and the dimensions of the capillary, which provides delay time regulation independent of pressure variations in the external environment.

The silicone chamber is in direct communication with the pressure multiplier piston and the rupture disc, interacting in a coordinated manner to ensure the proper functioning of the hydraulic delay system. As the first element to be activated within the delay mechanism, the silicone chamber sets the initial time of the delay sequence through the controlled flow of silicone passing into the capillary. The internal resistance in the chamber, resulting from the viscosity of the silicone and the friction properties of the walls, creates an environment where fluid displacement is extremely controlled and does not allow significant variations in pressure that could affect the rest of the components. Once the silicone fluid begins to move through the capillary, a chain of events is initiated within the system. The silicone moves from the main chamber to the secondary chamber, where its entry generates a gradual increase in pressure, which is received by the multiplier piston. This piston remains inactive until the silicone has completed its displacement in the secondary chamber, at which point additional force is applied to the piston due to the increase in internal pressure. By providing this initial delay, the silicone chamber allows the piston to remain in a latent state, ensuring that the perforating guns are activated at the right moment.

The relationship between the silicone chamber and the piston is therefore fundamental to the operation of the hydraulic delay system. The silicone serves as a transmission fluid that moves according to the pressure applied, while the capillary regulates its speed of movement, thus controlling the moment when the piston will receive the pressure necessary for its activation. This interaction between the silicone chamber and the piston is ensured by the hermetic seal and the use of high-strength gaskets, which prevent any possible leakage of silicone or fluid from the well into the secondary chamber. As for the interaction with the rupture disc, the silicone chamber and the disc are designed to work in sync, so that the system can regulate the entry of silicone into the capillary only when the external pressure exceeds the threshold defined to break the disc. This allows the silicone to remain completely static in the chamber until the delay is required to start. This structural arrangement ensures that the rupture disc does not interfere with the flow of silicone once activated, allowing the delay system to operate continuously and stably.

The silicone chamber is integrated into the hydraulic delay system as a key component for the activation sequence and works in perfect coordination with other elements, such as the multiplier piston and the capillary, ensuring accurate and reliable delay. This silicone chamber not only allows control of the system delay time, but also facilitates the gradual transfer of pressure to the piston, which is essential for the efficiency and safety of the device's operation.

The rupture disc device is another important component within the hydraulic delay system, designed to control the start of silicone fluid flow from the primary chamber to the capillary and then to the secondary chamber. This device acts as a physical barrier that remains intact until a specific preset pressure is reached, at which point it ruptures in a controlled manner to allow the fluid to pass through. Structurally, the rupture disc device consists of a thin, calibrated metal disc made from materials such as stainless steel, Inconel, or nickel-cobalt alloys, which offer high corrosion resistance and mechanical stability under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. The disc has a uniform and precise thickness, determined by engineering calculations to ensure that it will withstand pressures up to the specified rupture threshold. The disc is housed within a specific seat or housing in the system casing. This seat is machined with high precision to ensure a perfect fit for the disc, preventing any fluid leakage before rupture. The disc housing includes flat surfaces and polished surfaces and that allow complete and uniform contact uniform contact with the disc, guaranteeing the tightness necessary for the correct operation of the system. To keep the disc in position and ensure a tight seal, a retaining ring or gland is used, made of materials compatible with the disc and housing, such as stainless steel or high-strength alloys. This ring is screwed or fastened to the disc housing using a threaded system, applying uniform force to ensure that the disc remains in place during transport and operation until the burst pressure is reached. Sealing gaskets or O-rings made of elastomers resistant to high pressures and temperatures, such as Viton or hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), are placed between the disc and the contact surfaces of the housing and the retaining ring. These seals ensure the tightness of the system, preventing fluids from entering the silicone chamber from the well and preventing any silicone from leaking out before the system is activated. Additionally, the device may include a protective mesh or grid located on the capillary side to prevent fragments of the disc from entering the capillary and obstructing the flow of silicone after rupture. This mesh is made of corrosion-and wear-resistant metallic materials, such as stainless steel, and has openings small enough to retain fragments but large enough not to interfere with fluid flow.

The main function of the rupture disc device is to act as a controlled activation mechanism for the hydraulic delay system. In its initial state, the disc serves as a hermetic barrier that keeps the silicone contained in the primary chamber, preventing any flow to the capillary and, therefore, preventing the delay from starting until the desired operating conditions are met. The system is designed so that the disc ruptures when the differential pressure between the silicone chamber and the external environment exceeds a specific value. This differential pressure is intentionally generated during operation by applying additional pressure from the surface or by taking advantage of a pressure increase in the well. Upon reaching the rupture pressure, the disc yields in a controlled manner, creating an opening that allows the silicone to begin flowing into the capillary. The accuracy of the rupture pressure is critical to the operation of the system, as it determines the exact moment when the delay begins. The discs are manufactured and calibrated to rupture at specific pressures and can be interchanged to adjust the system to different operating conditions. This allows for great flexibility in the use of the device, adapting it to different depths, well pressures, and delay time requirements. Once the disc is broken, silicone flows from the primary chamber to the capillary due to the pressure difference and the action of the well fluid entering through the holes in the casing and exerting pressure on the piston in the silicone chamber. This flow of silicone activates the delay system, as the time it takes to travel through the capillary and fill the secondary chamber determines the delay in activating the pressure multiplier piston. The rupture disc device is closely interconnected with the silicone chamber and the capillary, forming a functional unit that controls the initiation and flow of the delay fluid. Before rupture, the disc ensures that the silicone remains confined in the primary chamber, while the capillary is empty and there is no flow to the secondary chamber. This arrangement ensures that the delay system is not activated prematurely and can be safely transported and handled until ready for use. The pressure required to break the disc is applied from outside the device, either by a pressure pulse generated on the surface or by utilizing the pressure conditions in the well. When the disc breaks, direct communication is established between the silicone chamber and the capillary, allowing the silicone to flow and the delay to begin. This event also allows the piston in the silicone chamber to move, pushed by the well fluid entering through the holes in the casing. The design of the disc and its interaction with the capillary are critical to ensuring that the silicone flow is uniform and controlled. Any fragment of the disc that could obstruct the capillary would compromise the operation of the system. Therefore, the incorporation of the protective mesh is vital to retain possible particles and ensure continuity of flow. In addition, the rupture disc device is designed to be compatible with different rupture discs, allowing the activation pressure to be adjusted according to the needs of the operation. This is achieved through a modular design that facilitates disc replacement without the need to modify other system components. This flexibility is essential for adapting the system to different well conditions and operational requirements. The interaction between the rupture disc and the seals or gaskets is also critical. These elements ensure that, prior to rupture, there are no leaks that could affect the internal pressure of the silicone chamber or allow unwanted fluids to enter. After rupture, the seals remain important for maintaining the integrity of the system and ensuring that the silicone flow is directed exclusively through the capillary. Finally, the rupture disc device interacts with the well fluid entering through the holes in the housing. This fluid exerts pressure on the piston in the silicone chamber, contributing to the displacement of the silicone through the capillary once the disc has been ruptured. This interaction is essential to the functioning of the system, as it takes advantage of the natural conditions of the well to facilitate the movement of the internal components. The silicone fluid used in the present invention is highly specialized, as it is a central element in the tool's hydraulic delay system. This fluid plays an essential role in controlling the delay time, regulating internal pressures, and compensating for thermal expansion, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of the tool under the extreme conditions of oil wells. The silicone fluid used in the tool can be specifically manufactured for the invention, or purchased from specialized suppliers, selected for their technical properties. These properties include high viscosity, comparable to honey, which allows stable and controlled flow through the capillary connecting the system's chambers. In addition, the fluid has thermal stability that ensures its integrity under the high temperatures typical of oil well operations, preventing degradation that could compromise its functionality. Likewise, the viscosity of the fluid exhibits linear behavior, decreasing progressively as the temperature increases, facilitating uniform and predictable flow. In operation, the silicone is initially housed in the main chamber of the hydraulic delay system, where it regulates the delay time by controlling its flow to a second chamber. This flow begins when the rupture disc reaches a predetermined pressure and allows the silicone to be displaced by the pressure of the well fluid.

The delay time is directly proportional to the volume of silicone present in the main chamber, since a larger volume requires more time to flow through the calibrated diameter capillary. This initial volume of silicone can be adjusted during tool assembly by modifying the initial position of the plunger, which is achieved by using positioning nipples of different lengths. In this way, it is possible to make coarse adjustments by changing the dimensions of the nipples and fine adjustments by selecting shorter nipples, achieving highly customizable delay time configurations. To avoid undesirable effects caused by the thermal expansion of the silicone fluid during operation in the well, the tool incorporates a compensation system specifically designed to absorb the volume increases generated by heating. This system includes a piston connected to a mandrel, which moves in response to the pressure caused by the thermal expansion of the fluid. The pressure generated by this expansion is transferred to the piston, which moves backward when a safe threshold is exceeded, thus preventing dangerous pressure increases in the system. A calibrated pin initially secures the mandrel, breaking only when the pressure level corresponding to thermal expansion is reached, allowing the piston to move to compensate for the increase in volume. This safety mechanism ensures that fluid expansion does not interfere with normal system operation or prematurely activate the rupture disc. During the assembly and silicone filling process, it is essential to remove any air bubbles that may be trapped in the hydraulic system, as the presence of air could cause adverse effects such as unexpected pressure increases or gas formation. To address this problem, the tool includes a purge system that allows for the controlled evacuation of air during silicone filling. This process is performed by placing the tool in a vertical position and filling the main chamber with silicone until a predetermined level is reached.

A side hole located in the cartridge allows air and excess silicone to escape as filling is completed. Once the cartridge is fully screwed in and the seal is secured by an O-ring, the side hole is isolated from the system, ensuring that the main chamber is completely sealed and free of air. The design of the hydraulic delay system and the use of silicone as the regulating fluid present several technical improvements over the prior art. Among these improvements are the precise control of the delay time, achieved through a combination of coarse and fine adjustments of the silicone volume; the implementation of a thermal expansion compensation system that eliminates the risks of premature activation of the system; and the integration of an efficient purge mechanism that ensures air-free filling, increasing the stability and operational reliability of the tool. These innovative features position the present invention as an advanced technical solution that is highly adaptable to the demands of oil well operations, standing out for its safety, precision, and versatility.

The pressure multiplier piston is another characteristic element of the hydraulic delay system, designed to transform the available hydraulic pressure into an amplified mechanical force sufficient to activate the firing mechanism of the perforating guns. This piston is housed in a specific chamber inside the device's casing, forming an assembly that allows the applied pressure to be multiplied by the difference in area between two sections of the piston. The piston consists of two main parts: a section with a larger diameter and a section with a smaller diameter, joined integrally to form a single piece. The larger diameter section is designed to receive the hydraulic pressure from the well fluid, while the smaller diameter section transmits the amplified force to the activation mechanism. The larger diameter section of the piston fits precisely into the pressure chamber, sealing against the inner walls with high-strength seals that ensure the system is leak-proof.

These seals can be packing rings made of materials resistant to high pressures and temperatures, such as synthetic elastomers or fluorinated polymers. The outer surface of this section of the piston is polished and may be coated with anti-friction materials, such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coatings, to minimize friction during displacement. The smaller diameter section of the piston extends into the firing mechanism's activation chamber. This part of the piston is also equipped with seals that prevent fluid leakage between the chambers and ensure that the force generated is transmitted efficiently. The transition between the larger and smaller diameter sections is designed with smooth curves or chamfers to avoid stress concentrations and ensure the structural integrity of the piston under dynamic loads. The piston is made of metallic materials with high mechanical strength and dimensional stability, such as heat-treated alloy steels or titanium alloys, which offer an optimal combination of strength, rigidity, and corrosion resistance. Material selection takes into account the operating conditions of the well, including exposure to corrosive fluids, high temperatures, and significant pressures. The chamber housing the piston is machined to precise tolerances to ensure a tight fit with the piston and allow for smooth, controlled movement. The interior surfaces of the chamber can also be coated with anti-friction materials or surface treatments that reduce wear and extend the life of the device. At the top of the chamber, where the fluid from the well is received, there is a fluid inlet that allows controlled entry of the fluid to the surface of the piston. This inlet is equipped with filters and sealing systems that prevent the entry of particles or contaminants that could interfere with the operation of the piston. The pressure multiplier piston works by exploiting Pascal's principle and the area ratio between the two sections of the piston to amplify the applied pressure. When the fluid from the well enters the chamber and exerts pressure on the surface of the larger diameter section of the piston, this pressure is transmitted to the smaller diameter section, resulting in a greater force due to the difference in areas. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the difference in area between the two sections allows a relatively low inlet pressure to be converted into an outlet force sufficient to activate the firing mechanism, which may require considerable force to overcome safety systems such as shear pins or high-strength springs. The piston's movement is linear and controlled, ensuring that the firing mechanism is activated precisely and at the right moment. The design of the piston and its chamber ensures that the movement is smooth and that there are no unwanted blockages or resistances that could affect the timing of the system. The piston is designed to move only when sufficient pressure has built up in the secondary chamber, i.e., after the high-viscosity silicone has flowed through the capillary and the set delay time has elapsed. In this way, the piston acts as the final element in the activation sequence, ensuring that the perforating guns are fired only after the necessary conditions in the well have been met, such as the establishment of a pressure below balance. The pressure multiplier piston interacts directly and in coordination with various components of the hydraulic delay system, being essential for the proper operation and synchronization of the device. The piston is located in the secondary chamber, which is filled by the silicone that has flowed from the primary chamber through the capillary. The accumulation of silicone in this chamber generates internal pressure which, combined with the pressure of the well fluid, exerts force on the piston. The filling rate of the secondary chamber, and therefore the time it takes to generate sufficient pressure to move the piston, is controlled by the characteristics of the capillary (internal diameter and length) and the viscosity of the silicone. This allows precise control of the delay time between initial activation and piston displacement.

The well fluid enters the piston chamber through specifically designed holes or ports in the housing. This fluid exerts pressure on the surface of the larger diameter section of the piston. The pressure of the well fluid may vary depending on operating conditions, but the design of the multiplier piston allows this pressure to be harnessed to generate amplified force, ensuring that the system functions even under low pressure conditions. The smaller diameter section of the piston is in contact or mechanically coupled with the firing mechanism of the guns. As it moves, the piston applies a direct force that activates this mechanism, which may include shear pins, preloaded springs, or mechanical detonators. The force generated must be sufficient to overcome any inherent resistance in the safety mechanism and ensure reliable and accurate activation. The seals around the piston are critical for maintaining separation between different chambers and ensuring that pressure is maintained where it is needed. These seals prevent well fluid from mixing with the silicone in the secondary chamber or pressure leaks that could reduce the effectiveness of the piston. The quality and strength of these seals are critical to the performance of the system, and they are designed to withstand operating conditions without degrading. The pressure multiplier piston is the last element in the chain of events initiated by the hydraulic delay system. Its movement is synchronized with the flow of silicone through the capillary and the filling of the secondary chamber. This sequence ensures that the firing mechanism is activated after the set delay time, allowing the desired conditions in the well to be reached before the perforating guns detonate. Design Considerations for Operational Variations: The design of the piston and its area ratio can be adjusted to suit different operating conditions. By modifying the diameter of the larger and smaller sections of the piston, the pressure multiplication factor and, therefore, the force applied to the firing mechanism can be controlled. This allows the system to be customized for different pressure levels in the well and specific force requirements in the activation mechanism. The choice of materials for the piston and the surface treatments applied are crucial to its performance and durability. The materials must resist corrosion and wear caused by contact with well fluids and silicone. Surface treatments, such as hard chrome plating or nitriding, can improve wear resistance and reduce friction, ensuring smooth movement and extending the life of the piston and the overall system. The design of the pressure multiplier piston allows for maintenance and replacement in case of wear or damage. The joints and access points are designed to facilitate piston disassembly and inspection of seals and contact surfaces. This is important to ensure that the system can be maintained in optimal condition and that any problems can be quickly identified and corrected. The piston can also be integrated with additional safety systems that prevent accidental activation of the firing mechanism. This may include pressure relief valves, additional safety pins, or locking systems that require specific conditions to allow the piston to move. These measures ensure that the perforating guns are only activated under planned and controlled conditions. Continuing with the detailed description of the invention, we now turn to the section on sealing gaskets and insulation components, which are key elements that ensure the integrity and proper functioning of the hydraulic delay system. These components play a fundamental role in containing fluids, preventing leaks, and protecting internal elements from the adverse conditions present in the operating environment of oil wells. The sealing gaskets are designed to ensure tightness at the joints and contact surfaces between the various components of the system, preventing unwanted fluid entry or exit. These gaskets are located at strategic points on the device, such as the interfaces between the housing and the pistons, the capillary connections with the silicone chambers, and at the access points for well fluids to the internal chambers. To fulfill their function, sealing gaskets are made of materials that are resistant to high pressures and temperatures, as well as to the corrosive action of the fluids present in oil wells. Materials commonly used for sealing gaskets include synthetic elastomers such as hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), fluoroelastomer (FKM, commercially known as Viton), and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM). These materials offer a combination of mechanical and chemical properties suitable for withstanding demanding operating conditions. The seals are precision molded to fit the specific dimensions of the contact surfaces, ensuring an effective and durable seal. At the interfaces between the housing and the pistons, the sealing gaskets are installed in grooves designed to hold them securely. These grooves, known as O-ring seats, are machined to strict tolerances to ensure that the gasket is properly compressed when the components are assembled. Seal compression is essential to establish the necessary contact that prevents fluid from passing between the internal chambers and the outside or between different chambers in the system. The selection of the seal type and size depends on factors such as operating pressure, temperature, and the type of fluid with which it will come into contact.

The seals on the pistons serve a dual purpose: on the one hand, they seal the space between the piston and the chamber wall to prevent fluid leaks, and on the other, they reduce friction between moving surfaces, contributing to smooth and controlled piston movement. For this purpose, low-friction lip seals or packing rings can be used, sometimes combined with self-lubricating materials or special coatings. These coatings can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or graphite, which provide anti-friction properties and wear resistance. In the case of the capillary, sealing gaskets ensure that the silicone flows only through the designed conduit, without leaking into other parts of the system. The connections between the capillary and the chambers are made using hermetic joints, using anaerobic sealants or metal gaskets that withstand the pressure and temperature conditions of the system. The hermetic seal is vital for maintaining control over the flow of silicone and, therefore, over the set delay time. Insulation components refer to elements that protect sensitive parts of the system from external influences such as temperature variations, mechanical impacts, or corrosion. These components include coatings, thermal barriers, and mechanical protectors. For example, the internal surfaces of the housing may be coated with corrosion-resistant materials or surface treatments that improve durability and reduce friction.

Ceramic or tungsten carbide coatings are common options for protecting metal surfaces in contact with abrasive or corrosive fluids. Thermal insulation is another important consideration, as temperature variations can affect the physical properties of materials, especially elastomers in sealing gaskets. To mitigate these effects, insulating materials can be incorporated or controlled air spaces can be designed to act as thermal barriers. In addition, materials are selected for seals and components that maintain their mechanical and chemical properties within the expected temperature range during operation. The interaction between the sealing joints and the other components of the system is key to the harmonious operation of the device. The joints must allow relative movement between parts, such as the sliding of the pistons, without compromising the seal. This requires a balance between sealing capacity and the friction generated. An excessively tight seal can increase friction and require greater forces to move the pistons, while an insufficient seal can result in leaks that affect internal pressure and, consequently, system performance. In the design of seals, factors such as chemical compatibility with operating fluids, resistance to aging, and the ability to withstand repetitive load cycles are considered. The selected elastomers must resist swelling or degradation when in contact with hydrocarbons, salt water, or other compounds present in the well. They must also maintain their elasticity and recovery capacity after multiple compression and relaxation cycles, which are typical of system opening and closing operations. The installation of sealing gaskets requires careful procedures to avoid damage that could compromise their effectiveness. During assembly, compatible lubricants are applied to facilitate the insertion of the gaskets and reduce the risk of cuts or pinches. The gaskets are inspected for imperfections or defects prior to installation, ensuring that they meet the required specifications. Insulation components also interact with the structural elements of the system, providing protection without interfering with its function. For example, internal casing linings must be thin enough not to significantly reduce the internal diameter, which could affect the space available for moving components. At the same time, they must be wear-resistant and adhere firmly to the metal surface to prevent detachment that could generate loose particles within the system. As for thermal insulation materials, they are integrated in such a way that they do not create stress points or interfere with the thermal expansion of the metal components. They are designed taking into account the differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials involved, to prevent internal stresses that could lead to deformation or structural failure. The selection and arrangement of sealing gaskets and insulation components is carried out considering the applicable norms and standards in the oil industry, as well as the recommendations of the material manufacturers. Compatibility analyses and laboratory tests are carried out to validate the performance of the materials under simulated operating conditions. These tests may include accelerated aging, chemical resistance, and pressure and temperature cycle tests. The maintenance and replacement of sealing gaskets are part of equipment management practices. Periodic inspection programs are established to verify the condition of the seals and detect signs of wear, deformation, or degradation. If necessary, the system is disassembled and the affected seals are replaced. This process is facilitated by a design that allows access to the seals without completely disassembling the device. The interaction of sealing joints and insulation components with well fluids is a determining factor in their performance. Fluids may contain suspended solids, acids, bases, or organic compounds that affect the service life of the materials. Therefore, the specific characteristics of the fluids in each application are considered in order to select the most suitable materials and, if necessary, incorporate additional treatments or coatings that improve resistance to corrosion or abrasion. In the design stage, modeling and simulation tools are used to predict the behavior of joints and insulation components under various conditions. Factors such as deformation under pressure, stress distribution, and response to temperature changes are analyzed. These analyses allow the design to be optimized and configurations to be selected that maximize the efficiency and reliability of the system. Continuing with the detailed description of the invention, we now address the part corresponding to the alternative configurations and design variants of the hydraulic delay system. These configurations and variants allow the device to be adapted to various operating conditions and specific needs, expanding its applicability and improving its performance in different oil well drilling and completion scenarios. One of the alternative configurations refers to the design of the capillary and the silicone flow control system. The capillary, as a key component in determining the delay time, can be modified in its internal diameter and length to adjust the resistance to silicone flow. For example, increasing the length of the capillary or decreasing its internal diameter increases flow resistance, resulting in a longer delay time. This variant is useful in situations where an extended delay is required to achieve specific conditions in the well before the perforating guns are activated. Likewise, the capillary material can be selected based on the thermal and chemical conditions of the environment. In wells with extremely high temperatures, materials such as nickel alloys or high heat-resistant stainless steel can be used to ensure the integrity of the capillary. Additionally, internal coatings can be incorporated into the capillary to reduce friction and ensure a more uniform flow of silicone, contributing to greater precision in the delay time. Another design variant involves the use of different types of viscous fluids instead of silicone. Depending on operating conditions and chemical compatibility, fluids such as high-viscosity hydraulic oils, gels, or synthetic polymers that offer properties similar to silicone can be used. The selection of the alternative fluid is made considering factors such as thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and interaction with other materials in the system. This flexibility in fluid choice allows the device to be adapted to environments where silicone may have limitations.

As for the pressure multiplier piston, one design variant allows for the possibility of adjusting the area ratio between the larger and smaller diameter sections. By modifying this ratio, the pressure multiplication factor can be controlled, allowing the system to be adapted to different pressure ranges in the well and to the specific force requirements for activating the trigger mechanism. For example, in wells with very low pressures, a piston with a larger area ratio can be designed to amplify the available pressure more significantly and ensure system activation. In addition, the piston can be manufactured from composite materials or lightweight alloys, such as titanium or high-strength aluminum, to reduce the weight of the device and facilitate its handling and installation. This variant is especially useful in operations where string weight is a critical factor. The selected materials must maintain the mechanical properties necessary to withstand operating conditions without compromising the integrity of the system. Another alternative configuration includes the incorporation of variable delay time adjustment systems without the need to physically change the capillary or viscous fluid. This can be achieved by implementing adjustable flow control or restrictor valves that allow the flow resistance of the silicone to be modified in real time or during the preparation of the device. These valves can be controlled mechanically or by hydraulic systems, offering greater flexibility and adaptability to changing well conditions. In relation to the rupture disc device, variants using other activation mechanisms, such as differential pressure valves or electronic or electromechanical activation systems, can be considered. For example, instead of a rupture disc, a valve can be used that opens automatically when a specific pressure is reached or by means of a signal transmitted from the surface. This variant allows for greater precision in controlling the timing of the delay and can improve safety by eliminating the risk associated with the physical rupture of the disc. Likewise, rupture discs made of composite materials or with special geometries can be designed to allow for a more controlled and predictable rupture. These discs may include predefined scores or weakening zones that ensure a clean opening and reduce the possibility of generating fragments that could clog the capillary or damage other system components. For sealing gaskets and isolation components, design variants may include the use of new advanced materials that offer better performance under extreme conditions. For example, state-of-the-art perfluorinated elastomers can provide greater chemical and thermal resistance, expanding the range of applications of the device. Metal or composite seals that withstand higher pressures and temperatures can also be incorporated, allowing the system to be used in high-enthalpy wells or deep drilling operations. Another variant involves redesigning the casing and overall structure of the device to adapt it to different well diameters or to integrate it with specific drilling and completion systems. For example, a version of the system can be designed to be compatible with smaller diameter tools for use in narrow or lateral wells. This adaptation requires adjusting the dimensions of all internal components while maintaining the functionality and performance of the system. Additionally, the integration of the hydraulic delay system with other devices or tools used in completion operations, such as anchoring systems, circulation valves, or pressure and temperature sensors, can be considered. This integration can simplify the string of tools and improve operational efficiency by combining multiple functions into a single device. In terms of manufacturing and assembly, variants can be implemented to facilitate the production and maintenance of the device. For example, the use of interchangeable modules or subassemblies allows specific components to be quickly replaced without having to completely disassemble the system. This reduces downtime and improves efficiency in operations where time is a critical factor.

In this variant of the invention, the system dispenses with the pressure multiplier system and is based on the direct activation of the trigger mechanism by the pressure in the well. The main body of the device retains its general configuration, housing the hydraulic delay system, but the section intended for the multiplier system is modified to adapt to the new design. The main body (1) continues to be an elongated cylindrical structure, made of materials resistant to corrosion and extreme well conditions, such as stainless steel or high-strength alloys. The section where the multiplier piston was previously located now incorporates a direct firing mechanism (15) designed to activate at a preset minimum pressure. The direct firing mechanism (15) comprises an impact piston (16) that moves within an activation chamber (17) when it receives pressure from the well fluid. This piston is made of resistant metallic materials and has polished surfaces and appropriate seals to ensure smooth and controlled movement. The impact piston is mechanically connected to the detonator striker (2), ensuring that, when it moves, it generates the force necessary to activate the detonator and, consequently, detonate the perforating guns. The activation chamber (17) is designed to directly receive the fluid from the well once the hydraulic delay system has completed its cycle. This chamber is equipped with inlet holes (18) that allow for controlled fluid entry, and has seals and gaskets that maintain the system's watertightness. The configuration of the chamber and the impact piston is calculated to ensure that the pressure available in the well is sufficient to generate the required displacement. Alternatively, the operation of the hydraulic delay system remains similar to that described above, with the main difference being the way in which the firing mechanism is activated. The hydraulic delay system consists of a first chamber (6) containing the viscous fluid and a plunger (5) which, when displaced, forces the fluid through the capillary (8) into a second chamber (9). This process controls the desired delay time. Once the plunger (5) has completed its travel, it leaves a path open for fluid from the well to access the activation chamber (17) directly. The well pressure at this point is the minimum pressure available after the delay system has completed its cycle, for example, 1000 psi. The direct trigger mechanism (15) is configured to activate at a lower pressure, such as 800 psi, ensuring that even with variations in well pressure, the system will activate reliably. Well fluid enters the activation chamber (17) through the inlet ports (18), applying pressure to the impact piston (16). When the preset minimum pressure is reached, the piston moves toward the detonator (2), providing the impact force necessary for its activation. This movement is direct and does not require pressure multiplication, simplifying the design and reducing the number of moving components. The impact piston (16) is designed to generate sufficient kinetic energy as it moves, ensuring that the impact on the detonator is effective in initiating the detonation of the perforating guns. The mass of the piston, the distance of travel, and the characteristics of the return spring (if used) are calibrated to optimize energy transfer and ensure system reliability. The hydraulic delay system and the direct firing mechanism are integrated so that they operate in sequence. The plunger (5) of the hydraulic delay system acts as a valve which, at the end of its displacement, allows the fluid from the well to access the activation chamber (17). This design ensures that the direct firing mechanism (15) can only be activated after the preset delay time has elapsed.

The absence of the pressure multiplier system means that the system depends directly on the well pressure for firing activation. Therefore, it is crucial that the direct firing mechanism (15) is calibrated to activate at pressures that are achievable under the expected operating conditions. This requires a detailed understanding of the well characteristics and the pressure variations that may occur during operation. The detonator (2) used in this configuration must be compatible with the direct firing mechanism. This may be an impact detonator designed to be activated by the mechanical force provided by the impact piston (16). The connection between the piston and the detonator is designed to ensure precise alignment and effective transfer of impact energy. The seals and gaskets between the hydraulic delay system and the direct firing mechanism are essential for maintaining tightness and preventing leaks that could affect the pressure in the activation chamber (17). Materials resistant to well fluids and pressure and temperature conditions are used, ensuring the integrity of the system throughout its service life. Design variants also consider aspects related to safety and regulatory compliance. Redundant safety systems can be incorporated, such as additional locking mechanisms or visual and mechanical indicators that confirm the status of the device. These elements help minimize the risk of unintended activations and comply with applicable regulations in different jurisdictions. Finally, it is important to note that all alternative configurations and design variants must maintain the essence and operating principles of the hydraulic delay system described. Modifications and adaptations are made with the aim of expanding the applicability of the device, improving its performance, and responding to specific needs of the oil industry, without deviating from the technical fundamentals that characterize the invention. Concluding the detailed description of the invention, a comprehensive explanation of each component, its structure, and its interrelation within the hydraulic delay system has been provided. Possible structural variants and alternative modalities have been considered that allow for broadening the scope of protection and adaptability of the invention, ensuring that it meets the requirements of descriptive sufficiency and clarity required by applicable regulations. Furthermore, it is clear that many widely different embodiments of the present invention can be put into practice, provided that they do not depart from the fundamental principles clearly specified in the following claims.

Of course, it is not possible to describe all conceivable combinations of components or methodologies, but a person skilled in the art will recognize that many additional combinations and permutations are possible. Therefore, the description is intended to cover all alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of this application, including the accompanying claims. As used herein, the term “includes” means includes but is not limited to, the term “including” means includes but is not limited to. The term “based on” means based at least in part on.