A0 » Agriculture 255,9K

• A01B » Soil working in agriculture or forestry; parts, details, or accessories of agricultural machines or implements, in general 11,2K
• A01C » Planting; sowing; fertilising 11,2K
• A01D » Harvesting; mowing 19,3K
• A01F » Processing of harvested produce; hay or straw presses; devices for storing agricultural or horticultural produce 5,5K
• A01G » Horticulture; cultivation of vegetables, flowers, rice, fruit, vines, hops or seaweed; forestry; watering 21,8K
• A01H » New plants or processes for obtaining them; plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques 18,9K
• A01J » Manufacture of dairy products 2,6K
• A01K » Animal husbandry; care of birds, fishes, insects; fishing; rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; new breeds of animals 62,3K
• A01L » Shoeing of animals 432
• A01M » Catching or trapping of animals ; apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals or noxious plants 13,5K
• A01N » Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; biocides, e.g. as disinfectants, as pesticides, as herbicides ; pest repellants or attractants ; plant growth regulators 89,2K

A2 » Foodstuffs; tobacco 157,6K

• A21B » Bakers' ovens; machines or equipment for baking 1,6K
• A21C » Machines or equipment for making or processing doughs; handling baked articles made from dough 2,3K
• A21D » Treatment, e.g. preservation, of flour or dough, e.g. by addition of materials; baking; bakery products; preservation thereof 5,8K

• A22B » Slaughtering 1,1K
• A22C » Processing meat, poultry, or fish 5,1K

• A23B » Preserving, e.g. by canning, meat, fish, eggs, fruit, vegetables, edible seeds; chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables; the preserved, ripened, or canned products 6,2K
• A23C » Dairy products, e.g. milk, butter, cheese; milk or cheese substitutes; making thereof 9,3K
• A23D » Edible oils of fats, e.g. margarines, shortenings, cooking oils 4,2K
• A23F » Coffee; tea; their substitutes; manufacture, preparation, or infusion thereof 3,7K
• A23G » Cocoa; cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; substitutes for cocoa or cocoa products; confectionery; chewing gum; ice-cream; preparation thereof 16,3K
• A23J » Protein compositions for foodstuffs; working-up proteins for foodstuffs; phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs 3,8K
• A23K » Fodder 2,5K
• A23L » Foods, foodstuffs, or non-alcoholic beverages, not covered by subclasses to ; their preparation or treatment, e.g. cooking, modification of nutritive qualities, physical treatment ; preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general 25,6K
• A23N » Machines or apparatus for treating harvested fruit, vegetables or flower bulbs in bulk, not otherwise provided for; peeling vegetables or fruit in bulk; apparatus for preparing animal feeding- stuffs 1,7K
• A23P » Shaping or working of foodstuffs, not fully covered by a single other subclass 358
• A23V » Indexing scheme relating to foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages 46,2K
• A23Y » Indexing scheme relating to lactic or propionic acid bacteria used in foodstuffs or food preparation 2,5K

• A24B » Manufacture or preparation of tobacco for smoking or chewing; tobacco; snuff 4,3K
• A24C » Machines for making cigars or cigarettes 1,8K
• A24D » Cigars; cigarettes; tobacco smoke filters; mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes; manufacture of tobacco smoke filters or mouthpieces 4,7K
• A24F » Smokers' requisites; match boxes 8,2K

A4 » Personal or domestic articles 451,3K

• A41B » Shirts; underwear; baby linen; handkerchiefs 5,9K
• A41C » Corsets; brassieres 3,2K
• A41D » Outerwear; protective garments; accessories 34,2K
• A41F » Garment fastenings; suspenders 2,2K
• A41G » Artificial flowers; wigs; masks; feathers 2,0K
• A41H » Appliances or methods for making clothes, e.g. for dress-making, for tailoring, not otherwise provided for 907

• A42B » Hats; head coverings 11,0K
• A42C » Manufacturing or trimming hats or other head coverings 492

• A43B » Characteristic features of footwear; parts of footwear 45,4K
• A43C » Fastenings or attachments of footwear; laces in general 5,4K
• A43D » Machines, tools, equipment or methods for manufacturing or repairing footwear 2,4K

• A44B » Buttons, pins, buckles, slide fasteners, or the like 7,2K
• A44C » Jewellery; bracelets; other personal adornments; coins 6,5K
• A44D » Indexing scheme relating to buttons, pins, buckles or slide fasteners, and to jewellery, bracelets or other personal adornments 490

• A45B » Walking sticks; umbrellas; ladies' or like fans 5,8K
• A45C » Purses; luggage; hand carried bags 25,0K
• A45D » Hairdressing or shaving equipment; manicuring or other cosmetic treatment 27,8K
• A45F » Travelling or camp equipment; sacks or packs carried on the body 16,9K

• A46B » Brushes 22,0K
• A46D » Manufacture of brushes 1,6K

• A47B » Tables; desks; office furniture; cabinets; drawers; general details of furniture 29,6K
• A47C » Chairs ; sofas; beds 33,0K
• A47D » Furniture specially adapted for children 5,4K
• A47F » Special furniture, fittings, or accessories for shops, storehouses, bars, restaurants or the like; paying counters 12,9K
• A47G » Household or table equipment 25,7K
• A47H » Furnishings for windows or doors 2,3K
• A47J » Kitchen equipment ; coffee mills; spice mills; apparatus for making beverages 39,2K
• A47K » Sanitary equipment not otherwise provided for ; toilet accessories 15,1K
• A47L » Domestic washing or cleaning ; suction cleaners in general 61,7K

A6 » Health; amusement 4,2M

• A61B » Diagnosis; surgery; identification 1,1M
• A61C » Dentistry; apparatus or methods for oral or dental hygiene 45,4K
• A61D » Veterinary instruments, implements, tools, or methods 1,6K
• A61F » Filters implantable into blood vessels; prostheses; devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents; orthopaedic, nursing or contraceptive devices; fomentation; treatment or protection of eyes or ears; bandages, dressings or absorbent pads; first-aid kits 436,6K
• A61G » Transport or accomodation for patients; operating tables or chairs; chairs for dentistry; funeral devices 36,5K
• A61H » Physical therapy apparatus, e.g. devices for locating or stimulating reflex points in the body; artificial respiration; massage; bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes or specific parts of the body 65,9K
• A61J » Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes; devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms; devices for administering food or medicines orally; baby comforters; devices for receiving spittle 29,6K
• A61K » Preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes 1,2M
• A61L » Methods or apparatus for sterilising materials or objects in general; disinfection, sterilisation, or deodorisation of air; chemical aspects of bandages, dressings, absorbent pads, or surgical articles; materials for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads, or surgical articles 182,9K
• A61M » Devices for introducing media into, or onto, the body ; devices for transducing body media or for taking media from the body ; devices for producing or ending sleep or stupor 436,3K
• A61N » Electrotherapy; magnetotherapy; radiation therapy; ultrasound therapy 150,3K
• A61Q » Specific use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations 56,1K

• A62B » Devices, apparatus or methods for life-saving 11,7K
• A62C » Fire-fighting 10,6K
• A62D » Chemical means for extinguishing fires or for combating or protecting against harmful chemical agents; chemical materials for use in breathing apparatus 2,6K

• A63B » Apparatus for physical training, gymnastics, swimming, climbing, or fencing; ball games; training equipment 218,1K
• A63C » Skates; skis; roller skates; design or layout of courts, rinks or the like 9,3K
• A63D » Bowling-alleys; bowling games; boccia; bowls; bagatelle; billiards 761
• A63F » Card, board, or roulette games; indoor games using small moving playing bodies; video games; games not otherwise provided for 117,0K
• A63G » Merry-go-rounds; swings; rocking-horses; chutes; switchbacks; similar devices for public amusement 3,6K
• A63H » Toys, e.g. tops, dolls, hoops, building blocks 15,4K
• A63J » Devices for theatres, circuses, or the like; conjuring appliances or the like 868
• A63K » Racing; riding sports; equipment or accessories therefor 177

B0 » Separating; mixing 939,5K

• B01B » Boiling; boiling apparatus; {evaporation; evaporation apparatus} 213
• B01D » Separation 290,9K
• B01F » Mixing, e.g. dissolving, emulsifying, dispersing 51,9K
• B01J » Chemical or physical processes, e.g. catalysis, colloid chemistry; their relevant apparatus 286,7K
• B01L » Chemical or physical laboratory apparatus for general use 133,2K

• B02B » Preparing grain for milling; refining granular fruit to commercial products by working the surface 211
• B02C » Crushing, pulverising, or disintegrating in general; milling grain 14,0K

• B03B » Separating solid materials using liquids or using pneumatic tables or jigs 1,8K
• B03C » Magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids; separation by high-voltage electric fields 10,9K
• B03D » Flotation; differential sedimentation 2,8K

• B04B » Centrifuges 4,9K
• B04C » Apparatus using free vortex flow, e.g. cyclones 3,5K

• B05B » Spraying apparatus; atomising apparatus; nozzles 42,5K
• B05C » Apparatus for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general 12,8K
• B05D » Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, in general 34,2K

• B06B » Methods or apparatus for generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency, {e.g.} for performing mechanical work in general 6,0K

• B07B » Seperating solids from solids by sieving, screening, or sifting or by using gas currents; other separating by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material 4,8K
• B07C » Postal sorting; sorting individual articles, or bulk material fit to be sorted piece-meal, e.g. by picking 5,1K

• B08B » Cleaning in general; prevention of fouling in general 28,3K

• B09B » Disposal of solid waste 2,2K
• B09C » Reclamation of contaminated soil 2,4K

B2 » Shaping 844,1K

• B21B » Rolling of metal 7,2K
• B21C » Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or profiles, otherwise than by rolling; auxiliary operations used in connection with metal-working without essentially removing material 5,0K
• B21D » Working or processing of sheet metal or metal tubes, rods or profiles without essentially removing material; punching metal 18,3K
• B21F » Working or processing of metal wire 1,8K
• B21G » Making needles, pins or nails of metal 143
• B21H » Making particular metal objects by rolling, e.g. screws, wheels, rings, barrels, balls 696
• B21J » Forging; hammering; pressing metal; riveting; forge furnaces 4,2K
• B21K » Making forged or pressed metal products, e.g. horse-shoes, rivets, bolts or wheels 2,2K
• B21L » Making metal chains 188

• B22C » Foundry moulding 5,7K
• B22D » Casting of metals; casting of other substances by the same processes or devices . 14,8K
• B22F » Working metallic powder; manufacture of articles from metallic powder; making metallic powder 50,2K

• B23B » Turning; boring 24,7K
• B23C » Milling 10,7K
• B23D » Planing; slotting; shearing; broaching; sawing; filing; scraping; like operations for working metal by removing material, not otherwise provided for 10,3K
• B23F » Making gears or toothed racks 1,5K
• B23G » Thread cutting; working of screws, bolt heads, or nuts, in conjunction therewith 912
• B23H » Working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric current on a workpiece using an electrode which takes the place of a tool; such working combined with other forms of working of metal 3,6K
• B23K » Soldering or unsoldering; welding; cladding or plating by soldering or welding; cutting by applying heat locally, e.g. flame cutting; working by laser beam 90,6K
• B23P » Other working of metal; combined operations; universal machine tools 13,5K
• B23Q » Details, components, or accessories for machine tools, e.g. arrangements for copying or controlling ; machine tools in general characterised by the construction of particular details or components; combinations or associations of metal-working machines, not directed to a particular result 14,5K

• B24B » Machines, devices, or processes for grinding or polishing ; dressing or conditioning of abrading surfaces; feeding of grinding, polishing, or lapping agents 24,2K
• B24C » Abrasive or related blasting with particulate material 3,5K
• B24D » Tools for grinding, buffing, or sharpening 6,9K

• B25B » Tools or bench devices not otherwise provided for, for fastening, connecting, disengaging or holding 23,0K
• B25C » Hand-held nailing or stapling tools; manually operated portable stapling tools 4,4K
• B25D » Percussive tools 6,6K
• B25F » Combination or multi-purpose tools not otherwise provided for; details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for 6,2K
• B25G » Handles for hand implements 4,2K
• B25H » Workshop equipment, e.g. for marking-out work; storage means for workshops 4,3K
• B25J » Manipulators; chambers provided with manipulation devices 54,0K

• B26B » Hand-held cutting tools not otherwise provided for 14,3K
• B26D » Cutting; details common to machines for perforating, punching, cutting-out, stamping-out or severing 18,2K
• B26F » Perforating; punching; cutting-out; stamping-out; severing by means other than cutting 4,5K

• B27B » Saws for wood or similar material; components or accessories therefor 3,9K
• B27C » Planing, drilling, milling, turning or universal machines for wood or similar material 847
• B27D » Working veneer or plywood 351
• B27F » Dovetailed work; tenons; slotting machines for wood or similar material; nailing or stapling machines 674
• B27G » Accessory machines or apparatus; tools; safety devices e.g. those for saws 1,3K
• B27H » Bending wood or similar material; cooperage; making wheels from wood or similar material 80
• B27J » Mechanical working of cane, cork, or similar materials 85
• B27K » Processes, apparatus or selection of substances for impregnating, staining, dyeing, bleaching of wood or similar materials, or treating of wood or similar materials with permeant liquids, not otherwise provided for ; chemical or physical treatment of cork, cane, reed, straw or similar materials 2,5K
• B27L » Removing bark or vestiges of branches ; splitting wood; manufacture of veneer, wooden sticks, wood shavings, wood fibres or wood powder 568
• B27M » Working of wood not provided for in subclasses to ; manufacture of specific wooden articles 802
• B27N » Manufacture by dry processes of articles, with or without organic binding agents, made from particles or fibres consisting of wood or other lignocellulosic or like organic material 1,8K

• B28B » Shaping clay or other ceramic compositions, slag, or mixtures containing cementitious material, e.g. plaster 10,1K
• B28C » Preparing clay; producing mixtures containing clay or cementitious material, e.g. plaster 1,9K
• B28D » Working stone or stone-like materials 3,8K

• B29B » Preparation or pretreatment of the material to be shaped; making granules or preforms; recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics 21,2K
• B29C » Shaping or joining of plastics; shaping of substances in a plastic state, in general; after-treatment of the shaped products, e.g. repairing 231,9K
• B29D » Producing particular articles from plastics or from substances in a plastic state 23,1K
• B29K » Indexing scheme associated with subclasses , or , relating to moulding materials 54,1K
• B29L » Indexing scheme associated with subclass , relating to particular articles 30,1K

• B30B » Presses in general 6,0K

• B31B » Making boxes, cartons, envelopes or bags of paper or cardboard 2,1K
• B31C » Making wound articles, e.g. wound tubes, of paper or cardboard 180
• B31D » Making articles of paper or cardboard not provided for in subclasses or 2,6K
• B31F » Mechanical working or deformation of paper or cardboard 3,0K

• B32B » Layered products, i.e. products built-up of strata of flat or non-flat, e.g. cellular or honeycomb, form 386,7K

• B33Y » Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3-d] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3-d printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering 40,6K

B4 » Printing 217,5K

• B41B » Machines or accessories for making, setting, or distributing type; type; photographic or photoelectric composing devices 14
• B41C » Processes for the manufacture or reproduction of printing surfaces 7,3K
• B41D » Apparatus for the mechanical reproduction of printing surfaces for stereotype printing; shaping elastic or deformable material to form printing surfaces 18
• B41F » Printing machines or presses 9,8K
• B41G » Apparatus for bronze printing, line printing, or for bordering or edging sheets or like articles; auxiliary for perforating in conjunction with printing 17
• B41J » Typewriters; selective printing mechanisms, {e.g. ink-jet printers, thermal printers} , i.e. mechanisms printing otherwise than from a forme; correction of typographical errors 131,1K
• B41K » Stamps; stamping or numbering apparatus or devices 712
• B41L » Apparatus or devices for manifolding, duplicating, or printing for office or other commercial purposes; addressing machines or like series-printing machines 188
• B41M » Printing, duplicating, marking, or copying processes; colour printing, 22,6K
• B41N » Printing plates or foils ; materials for surfaces used in printing machines for printing, inking, damping, or the like; preparing such surfaces for use and conserving them {in this subclass the copes system is used} 2,2K
• B41P » Indexing scheme relating to printing, lining machines, typewriters, and to stamps 1,5K

• B42B » Permanently attaching together sheets, quires or signatures or permanently attaching objects thereto 417
• B42C » Bookbinding 2,6K
• B42D » Books; book covers; loose leaves; printed matter characterised by identification or security features; printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for; devices for use therewith and not otherwise provided for; movable-strip writing or reading apparatus 15,7K
• B42F » Sheets temporarily attached together; filing appliances; file cards; indexing 2,4K
• B42P » Indexing scheme relating to books, filing appliances or the like 976

• B43K » Implements for writing or drawing 6,9K
• B43L » Articles for writing or drawing upon; {writing or drawing aids;} accessories for writing or drawing 2,4K
• B43M » Bureau accessories not otherwise provided for 716

• B44B » Machines, apparatus or tools for artistic work, e.g. for sculpturing, guilloching, carving, branding, inlaying 682
• B44C » Producing decorative effects ; mosaics; tarsia work ; paperhanging 5,6K
• B44D » Painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for; preserving paintings; surface treatment to obtain special artistic surface effects or finishes 1,6K
• B44F » Special designs or pictures 1,9K

B6 » Transporting 1,5M

• B60B » Vehicle wheels ; castors; axles for wheels or castors; increasing wheel adhesion 23,7K
• B60C » Vehicle tyres ; tyre inflation; tyre changing or repairing; repairing, or connecting valves to, inflatable elastic bodies in general; devices or arrangements related to tyres 42,1K
• B60D » Vehicle connections 6,2K
• B60F » Vehicles for use both on rail and on road; amphibious or like vehicles; convertible vehicles 974
• B60G » Vehicle suspension arrangements 47,6K
• B60H » Arrangements or adaptations of heating, cooling, ventilating, or other air-treating devices specially for passenger or goods spaces of vehicles 28,4K
• B60J » Windows, windscreens, non-fixed roofs, doors, or similar devices for vehicles; removable external protective coverings specially adapted for vehicles 16,2K
• B60K » Arrangement or mounting of propulsion units or of transmissions in vehicles; arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers in vehicles; auxiliary drives for vehicles; instrumentation or dashboards for vehicles; arrangements in connection with cooling, air intake, gas exhaust or fuel supply of propulsion units, in vehicles 80,7K
• B60L » Electric equipment or propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles; magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles; electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles, in general 66,6K
• B60M » Power supply lines, and devices along rails, for electrically- propelled vehicles 659
• B60N » Vehicle passenger accommodation not otherwise provided for 41,4K
• B60P » Vehicles adapted for load transportation or to transport, to carry, or to comprise special loads or objects 12,3K
• B60Q » Vehicle lighting or signalling 26,9K
• B60R » Vehicles, vehicle fittings, or vehicle parts, not otherwise provided for 132,4K
• B60S » Servicing, cleaning, repairing, supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring of vehicles, not otherwise provided for 12,2K
• B60T » Vehicle brake control systems or parts thereof; brake control systems or parts thereof, in general ; arrangement of braking elements on vehicles in general; portable devices for preventing unwanted movement of vehicles; vehicle modifications to facilitate cooling of brakes 41,1K
• B60V » Air-cushion vehicles 255
• B60W » Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function; control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles; road vehicle drive control systems for purposes not related to the control of a particular sub-unit 158,8K
• B60Y » Indexing scheme relating to aspects cross-cutting vehicle technology 12,6K

• B61B » Railway systems; equipment therefor not otherwise provided for 2,3K
• B61C » Locomotives; motor railcars 1,4K
• B61D » Body details or kinds of railway vehicles 3,7K
• B61F » Rail vehicle suspensions, e.g. underframes, bogies or arrangements of wheel axles; rail vehicles for use on tracks of different width; preventing derailing of rail vehicles; wheel guards, obstruction removers or the like for rail vehicles 1,8K
• B61G » Couplings; draught and buffing appliances 753
• B61H » Brakes or other retarding apparatus peculiar to rail vehicles; arrangements or dispositions of brakes or other retarding apparatus in rail vehicles 756
• B61J » Shifting or shunting of rail vehicles 98
• B61K » Other auxiliary equipment for railways 700
• B61L » Guiding railway traffic; ensuring the safety of railway traffic 8,3K

• B62B » Hand-propelled vehicles, e.g. hand carts, perambulators; sledges 21,0K
• B62C » Vehicles drawn by animals 33
• B62D » Motor vehicles; trailers 70,0K
• B62H » Cycle stands; supports or holders for parking or storing cycles; appliances preventing or indicating unauthorized use or theft of cycles; locks integral with cycles; devices for learning to ride cycles 1,6K
• B62J » Cycle saddles or seats; accessories peculiar to cycles and not otherwise provided for, e.g. article carriers, cycle protectors 7,1K
• B62K » Cycles; cycle frames; cycle steering devices; rider-operated terminal controls specially adapted for cycles; cycle axle suspensions; cycle side-cars, forecars, or the like 16,9K
• B62L » Brakes specially adapted for cycles 1,4K
• B62M » Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles or sledges; powered propulsion of sledges or {single-track} cycles; transmissions specially adapted for such vehicles 10,5K

• B63B » Ships or other waterborne vessels; equipment for shipping 22,6K
• B63C » Launching, hauling-out, or dry-docking of vessels; life-saving in water; equipment for dwelling or working under water; means for salvaging or searching for underwater objects 4,6K
• B63G » Offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; mine-laying; mine-sweeping; submarines; aircraft carriers 2,7K
• B63H » Marine propulsion or steering 12,3K
• B63J » Auxiliaries on vessels 1,1K

• B64B » Lighter-than air aircraft 1,6K
• B64C » Aeroplanes; helicopters 70,1K
• B64D » Equipment for fitting in or to aircraft; flying suits; parachutes; arrangements or mounting of power plants or propulsion transmissions in aircraft 45,3K
• B64F » Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations specially adapted for use in connection with aircraft; designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for 4,0K
• B64G » Cosmonautics; vehicles or equipment therefor 8,0K

• B65B » Machines, apparatus or devices for, or methods of, packaging articles or materials; unpacking 42,8K
• B65C » Labelling or tagging machines, apparatus, or processes 4,2K
• B65D » Containers for storage or transport of articles or materials, e.g. bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cartons, crates, drums, jars, tanks, hoppers, forwarding containers; accessories, closures, or fittings therefor; packaging elements; packages 191,0K
• B65F » Gathering or removal of domestic or like refuse 9,8K
• B65G » Transport or storage devices, e.g. conveyers for loading or tipping; shop conveyer systems; pneumatic tube conveyers 49,5K
• B65H » Handling thin or filamentary material, e.g. sheets, webs, cables 104,1K

• B66B » Elevators; escalators or moving walkways 17,0K
• B66C » Cranes; load-engaging elements or devices for cranes, capstans, winches, or tackles 9,4K
• B66D » Capstans; winches; tackles, e.g. pulley blocks; hoists 4,0K
• B66F » Hoisting, lifting, hauling or pushing, not otherwise provided for, e.g. devices which apply a lifting or pushing force directly to the surface of a load 9,9K

• B67B » Applying closure members to bottles jars, or similar containers; opening closed containers 2,0K
• B67C » Cleaning, filling with liquids or semiliquids, or emptying, of bottles, jars, cans, casks, barrels, or similar containers, not otherwise provided for; funnels 3,2K
• B67D » Dispensing, delivering or transferring liquids, not otherwise provided for 19,9K

• B68B » Harness; devices used in connection therewith; whips or the like 315
• B68C » Saddles; stirrups 549
• B68F » Making articles from leather, canvas, or the like 23
• B68G » Methods, equipment, or machines for use in upholstering; upholstery not otherwise provided for 447

B8 » Micro-structural technology; nano-technology 96,3K

• B81B » Micro-structural devices or systems, e.g. micro-mechanical devices 22,4K
• B81C » Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of micro-structural devices or systems 17,0K

• B82B » Nano-structures formed by manipulation of individual atoms, molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units; manufacture or treatment thereof 601
• B82Y » Specific uses or applications of nano-structures; measurement or analysis of nano-structures; manufacture or treatment of nano-structures 56,3K

C0 » Chemistry 2,2M

• C01B » Non-metallic elements; compounds thereof; {metalloids or compounds thereof not covered by subclass } 73,2K
• C01C » Ammonia; cyanogen; compounds thereof 1,3K
• C01D » Compounds of alkali metals, i.e. lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, or francium 1,6K
• C01F » Compounds of the metals beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, thorium, or of the rare-earth metals 3,8K
• C01G » Compounds containing metals not covered by subclasses or 15,0K
• C01P » Indexing scheme relating to structural and physical aspects of solid inorganic compounds 44,2K

• C02F » Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge 110,4K

• C03B » Manufacture, shaping, or supplementary processes 22,9K
• C03C » Chemical composition of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels; surface treatment of glass; surface treatment of fibres or filaments from glass, minerals or slags; joining glass to glass or other materials 52,2K

• C04B » Lime, magnesia; slag; cements; compositions thereof, e.g. mortars, concrete or like building materials; artificial stone ; ceramics ; refractories; treatment of natural stone 188,2K

• C05B » Phosphatic fertilisers 620
• C05C » Nitrogenous fertilisers 1,3K
• C05D » Inorganic fertilisers not covered by subclasses , ; fertilisers producing carbon dioxide 1,2K
• C05F » Organic fertilisers not covered by subclasses , , e.g. fertilisers from waste or refuse 3,3K
• C05G » Mixtures of fertilisers covered individually by different subclasses of class ; mixtures of one or more fertilisers with materials not having a specific fertilising activity, e.g. pesticides, soil-conditioners, wetting agents ; fertilisers characterised by their form 1,7K

• C06B » Explosives or thermic compositions ; manufacture thereof; use of single substances as explosives 1,8K
• C06C » Detonating or priming devices; fuses ; chemical lighters; pyrophoric compositions 206
• C06D » Means for generating smoke or mist; gas-attack compositions; generation of gas for blasting or propulsion (chemical part) 319
• C06F » Matches; manufacture of matches 20

• C07B » General methods of organic chemistry; apparatus therefor 11,8K
• C07C » Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds 169,9K
• C07D » Heterocyclic compounds 354,9K
• C07F » Acyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium 33,6K
• C07G » Compounds of unknown constitution 363
• C07H » Sugars; derivatives thereof; nucleosides; nucleotides; nucleic acids 18,8K
• C07J » Steroids 5,6K
• C07K » Peptides 323,1K

• C08B » Polysaccharides; derivatives thereof 8,5K
• C08C » Treatment or chemical modification of rubbers 1,9K
• C08F » Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds 86,7K
• C08G » Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds 107,5K
• C08H » Derivatives of natural macromolecular compounds 1,1K
• C08J » Working-up; general processes of compounding; after-treatment not covered by subclasses , , , 87,1K
• C08K » Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients 85,3K
• C08L » Compositions of macromolecular compounds 167,6K

• C09B » Organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes; mordants; lakes 13,8K
• C09C » Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties ; preparation of carbon black; {preparation of inorganic materials which are no single chemical compounds and which are mainly used as pigments or fillers} 10,9K
• C09D » Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers; filling pastes; chemical paint or ink removers; inks; correcting fluids; woodstains; pastes or solids for colouring or printing; use of materials therefor 80,6K
• C09F » Natural resins; french polish; drying-oils; driers (siccatives); turpentine 115
• C09G » Polishing compositions other than french polish; ski waxes 2,8K
• C09H » Preparation of glue or gelatine 18
• C09J » Adhesives; non-mechanical aspects of adhesive processes in general; adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere; use of materials as adhesives 44,1K
• C09K » Materials for miscellaneous applications, not provided for elsewhere 105,3K

• C10B » Destructive distillation of carbonageous materials for production of gas, coke, tar, or similar materials 5,2K
• C10C » Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen, tar; pyroligneous acid 411
• C10F » Drying or working-up of peat 21
• C10G » Cracking hydrocarbon oils; production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures, e.g. by destructive hydrogenation, oligomerisation, polymerisation ; recovery of hydrocarbon oils from oil-shale, oil-sand, or gases; refining mixtures mainly consisting of hydrocarbons; reforming of naphtha; mineral waxes 54,2K
• C10H » Production of acetylene by wet methods 17
• C10J » Production of producer gas, water-gas, synthesis gas from solid carbonaceous material, or mixtures containing these gases ; carburetting air or other gases 16,5K
• C10K » Purifying or modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide 2,9K
• C10L » Fuels not otherwise provided for ; natural gas; synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclasses , ; liquefied petroleum gas; adding materials to fuels or fires to reduce smoke or undesirable deposits or to facilitate soot removal; firelighters 34,1K
• C10M » Lubricating compositions ; use of chemical substances either alone or as lubricating ingredients in a lubricating composition 51,7K
• C10N » Indexing scheme associated with subclass relating to lubricating compositions 17,1K

• C11B » Producing (pressing, extraction), refining and preserving fats, fatty substances (e.g. lanolin), fatty oils and waxes, including extraction from waste materials; essential oils; perfumes 7,0K
• C11C » Fatty acids from fats, oils or waxes; candles; fats, oils or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom 2,9K
• C11D » Detergent compositions ; use of single substances as detergents; soap or soap-making; resin soaps; recovery of glycerol 59,1K

• C12C » Brewing of beer 2,0K
• C12F » Distillation or rectification of fermented solutions; recovery of by-products; denaturing of, or denatured, alcohol 224
• C12G » Wine; other alcoholic beverages; preparation thereof 1,3K
• C12H » Pasteurisation; sterilisation; preservation; purification; clarification; ageing 888
• C12J » Vinegar; its preparation 77
• C12L » Pitching or depitching machines; cellar tools 13
• C12M » Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology 34,9K
• C12N » Micro-organisms or enzymes; compositions thereof ; propagating, preserving or maintaining micro-organisms ; mutation or genetic engineering; culture media 332,2K
• C12P » Fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture 42,7K
• C12Q » Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms ; compositions or test papers therefor; processes of preparing such compositions; condition responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes 162,9K
• C12R » Processes using micro-organisms 1,8K
• C12Y » Enzymes 35,4K

• C13B » Production of sucrose; apparatus specially adapted therefor 705
• C13K » Saccharides, other than sucrose, obtained from natural sources or by hydrolysis of naturally occurring di-, oligo- or polysaccharides 1,5K

• C14B » Mechanical treatment or processing of skins, hides or leather in general; pelt-shearing machines; intestine-splitting machines 313
• C14C » Chemical treatment of hides, skins or leather, e.g. tanning, impregnating, finishing; apparatus therefor; compositions for tanning 599

C2 » Metallurgy 334,7K

• C21B » Manufacture of iron or steel 2,3K
• C21C » Processing of pig-iron, e.g. refining, manufacture of wrought-iron or steel; treatment in molten state of ferrous alloys 2,5K
• C21D » Modifying the physical structure of ferrous metals; general devices for heat treatment of ferrous or non-ferrous metals or alloys; making metal malleable by decarburisation, tempering or other treatments 38,1K

• C22B » Production and refining of metals ; pretreatment of raw materials 14,3K
• C22C » Alloys 85,6K
• C22F » Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals and non-ferrous alloys 6,1K

• C23C » Coating metallic material; coating material with metallic material; surface treatment of metallic material by diffusion into the surface, by chemical conversion or substitution; coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering, by ion implantation or by chemical vapour deposition, in general 133,4K
• C23D » Enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals 224
• C23F » Non-mechanical removal of metallic material from surface ; inhibiting corrosion of metallic material or incrustation in general; multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class and at least one process covered by subclass or or class . 7,0K
• C23G » Cleaning or degreasing of metallic material by chemical methods other than electrolysis 1,7K

• C25B » Electrolytic or electrophoretic processes for the production of compounds or non-metals; apparatus therefor 12,4K
• C25C » Processes for the electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals; apparatus therefor 2,8K
• C25D » Processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings; electroforming ; apparatus therefor 27,2K
• C25F » Processes for the electrolytic removal of materials from objects; apparatus therefor 1,1K

• C30B » Single-crystal-growth ; unidirectional solidification of eutectic material or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid material; refining by zone-melting of material ; production of a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure ; single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure; after-treatment of single crystals or a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure ; apparatus therefor 28,7K

• C40B » Combinatorial chemistry; libraries, e.g. chemical libraries, in silico libraries 6,8K

D0 » Textiles or flexible materials not otherwise provided for 126,6K

• D01B » Mechanical treatment of natural fibrous or filamentary material to obtain fibres of filaments, e.g. for spinning 237
• D01C » Chemical treatment of natural filamentary or fibrous material to obtain filaments or fibres for spinning; carbonising rags to recover animal fibres 54
• D01D » Mechanical methods or apparatus in the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons 6,6K
• D01F » Chemical features in the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, fibres, bristles or ribbons; apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments 10,7K
• D01G » Preliminary treatment of fibres, e.g. for spinning 800
• D01H » Spinning or twisting 1,0K

• D02G » Crimping or curling fibres, filaments, threads, or yarns; yarns or threads 4,4K
• D02H » Warping, beaming or leasing 64
• D02J » Finishing or dressing of filaments, yarns, threads, cords, ropes or the like 608

• D03C » Shedding mechanisms; pattern cards or chains; punching of cards; designing patterns 389
• D03D » Woven fabrics; methods of weaving; looms 7,0K
• D03J » Auxiliary weaving apparatus; weavers' tools; shuttles 122

• D04B » Knitting 6,0K
• D04C » Braiding or manufacture of lace, including bobbin-net or carbonised lace; braiding machines; braid; lace 1,1K
• D04D » Trimmings; ribbons, tapes or bands, not otherwise provided for 153
• D04G » Making nets by knotting of filamentary material; making knotted carpets or tapestries; knotting not otherwise provided for 31
• D04H » Making textile fabrics, e.g. from fibres or filamentary material ; fabrics made by such processes or apparatus, e.g. felts, non-woven fabrics; cotton-wool; wadding {non-woven fabrics from staple fibres, filaments or yarns, bonded with at least one web-like material during their consolidation} 16,7K

• D05B » Sewing 3,5K
• D05C » Embroidering; tufting 1,5K
• D05D » Indexing scheme associated with subclasses and , relating to sewing, embroidering and tufting 302

• D06B » Treating textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours 1,3K
• D06C » Finishing, dressing, tentering or stretching textile fabrics 873
• D06F » Laundering, drying, ironing, pressing or folding textile articles 25,1K
• D06G » Mechanical or pressure cleaning of carpets, rugs, sacks, hides or other skin or textile articles or fabrics; turning inside-out flexible tubular or other hollow articles 17
• D06H » Marking, inspecting, seaming or severing textile materials 397
• D06J » Pleating, kilting, or goffering textile fabrics or wearing apparel 25
• D06L » Bleaching, e.g. optical bleaching, dry-cleaning, or washing fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; bleaching leather or furs 418
• D06M » Treatment, not provided for elsewhere in class , of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers, or fibrous goods made from such materials 15,8K
• D06N » Wall, floor or like covering materials, e.g. linoleum, oilcloth, artificial leather, roofing felt, consisting of a fibrous web coated with a layer of macromolecular material; flexible sheet material not otherwise provided for 8,1K
• D06P » Dyeing or printing textiles; dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form 5,3K
• D06Q » Decorating textiles 445

• D07B » Ropes or cables in general 7,4K

• D10B » Indexing scheme associated with sublasses of section d, relating to textiles 15,0K

D2 » Paper 34,8K

• D21B » Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment 891
• D21C » Production of cellulose by removing non-cellulose substances from cellulose-containing materials; regeneration of pulping liquors; apparatus therefor 4,8K
• D21D » Treatment of the materials before passing to the paper-making machine 692
• D21F » Paper-making machines; methods of producing paper thereon 4,5K
• D21G » Calenders; accessories for paper-making machines 898
• D21H » Pulp compositions; preparation thereof not covered by subclasses or ; impregnating or coating of paper; treatment of finished paper not covered by class or subclass ; paper not otherwise provided for 22,5K
• D21J » Fibreboard; manufacture of articles from cellulosic fibrous suspensions or from papier-mache 470

E0 » Building 367,4K

• E01B » Permanent way; permanent-way tools; machines for making railways of all kinds 3,0K
• E01C » Construction of, or surfaces for, roads, sports grounds, or the like; machines or auxiliary tools for construction or repair 12,2K
• E01D » Construction of bridges, {elevated roadways} or viaducts; assembly of bridges 1,6K
• E01F » Additional work, such as equipping roads or the construction of platforms, helicopter landing stages, signs, snow fences, or the like 3,4K
• E01H » Street cleaning; cleaning of permanent ways; cleaning beaches; dispersing fog in general 3,6K

• E02B » Hydraulic engineering 6,0K
• E02C » Ship-lifting devices or mechanisms 12
• E02D » Foundations; excavations, embankments ; underground or underwater structure 12,9K
• E02F » Dredging; soil-shifting 29,4K

• E03B » Installations or methods for obtaining, collecting, or distributing water 3,2K
• E03C » Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water ; sinks 8,9K
• E03D » Water-closets or urinals with flushing devices; flushing valves therefor 5,9K
• E03F » Sewers; cesspools 3,5K

• E04B » General building constructions; walls, e.g. partitions; roofs; floors; ceilings; insulation or other protection of buildings 37,7K
• E04C » Structural elements; building materials 15,0K
• E04D » Roof coverings; sky-lights; gutters; roof-working tools 11,5K
• E04F » Finishing work on buildings, e.g. stairs, floors 30,1K
• E04G » Scaffolding; forms; shuttering; building implements or other building aids, or their use; handling building materials on the site; repairing, breaking-up or other work on existing buildings 10,4K
• E04H » Buildings or like structures for particular purposes; swimming or splash baths or pools; masts; fencing; tents or canopies, in general 21,8K

• E05B » Locks; accessories therefor; handcuffs 41,2K
• E05C » Bolts or fastening devices for wings, specially for doors or windows 7,5K
• E05D » Hinges or other suspension devices for doors, windows or wings 14,2K
• E05F » Devices for moving wings into open or closed position; checks for wings; wing fittings not otherwise provided for, concerned with the functioning of the wing 15,4K
• E05G » Safes or strong-rooms for valuables; bank protection devices; safety transaction partitions 1,2K
• E05Y » Indexing scheme relating to hinges or other suspension devices for doors, windows or wings and devices for moving wings into open or closed position, checks for wings and wing fittings not otherwise provided for, concerned with the functioning of the wing 29,5K

• E06B » Fixed or movable closures for openings in buildings, vehicles, fences or like enclosures in general, e.g. doors, windows, blinds, gates 34,0K
• E06C » Ladders 4,5K

E2 » Earth drilling; mining 137,9K

• E21B » Earth drilling, e.g. deep drilling ; obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells 132,0K
• E21C » Mining or quarrying 2,6K
• E21D » Shafts; tunnels; galleries; large underground chambers 2,4K
• E21F » Safety devices, transport, filling-up, rescue, ventilation, or draining in or of mines or tunnels 939

F0 » Engines or pumps 687,0K

• F01B » Machines or engines, in general or of positive-displacement type, e.g. steam engines 1,8K
• F01C » Rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines or engines 4,1K
• F01D » Non-positive displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines 54,3K
• F01K » Steam engine plants; steam accumulators; engine plants not otherwise provided for; engines using special working fluids or cycles 8,2K
• F01L » Cyclically operating valves for machines or engines 23,7K
• F01M » Lubricating of machines or engines in general ; lubricating internal combustion engines; crankcase ventilating 10,1K
• F01N » Gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general; gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for internal combustion engines 75,6K
• F01P » Cooling of machines or engines in general; cooling of internal-combustion engines 12,8K

• F02B » Internal-combustion piston engines; combustion engines in general 33,6K
• F02C » Gas-turbine plants; air intakes for jet-propulsion plants; controlling fuel supply in air-breathing jet-propulsion plants 30,8K
• F02D » Controlling combustion engines 88,0K
• F02F » Cylinders, pistons or casings, for combustion engines; arrangements of sealings in combustion engines 7,0K
• F02G » Hot gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants ; use of waste heat of combustion engines; not otherwise provided for 2,4K
• F02K » Jet-propulsion plants 9,5K
• F02M » Supplying combustion engines in general, with combustible mixtures or constituents thereof 48,7K
• F02N » Starting of combustion engines ; starting aids for such engines, not otherwise provided for 10,7K
• F02P » Ignition, other than compression ignition, for internal-combustion engines; testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines 6,1K
• F02W » Indexing scheme relating to turbines; gas turbines 7

• F03B » Machines or engines for liquids 7,0K
• F03C » Positive-displacement engines driven by liquids 558
• F03D » Wind motors 17,1K
• F03G » Spring, weight, inertia or like motors; mechanical-power producing devices or mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for 4,2K
• F03H » Producing a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for 597

• F04B » Positive displacement machines for liquids; pumps 42,7K
• F04C » Rotary-piston, or oscillating-piston, positive-displacement machines for liquids ; rotary-piston, or oscillating-piston, positive-displacement pumps 27,9K
• F04D » Non-positive displacement pumps 57,1K
• F04F » Pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumpes ; siphons 1,6K

• F05B » Indexing scheme relating to machines or engines other than non-positive-displacement machines or engines, to wind motors, to non-positive displacement pumps, and to generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity 24,4K
• F05C » Indexing scheme relating to materials, material properties or material characteristics for machines, engines or pumps other than non-positive-displacement machines or engines 2,1K
• F05D » Indexing scheme for aspects relating to non-positive-displacement machines or engines, gas-turbines or jet-propulsion plants 74,4K

F1 » Engineering in general 547,7K

• F15B » Systems acting by means of fluids in general; fluid-pressure actuators, e.g. servo-motors; details of fluid-pressure systems, not otherwise provided for 31,0K
• F15C » Fluid-circuit elements predominantly used for computing or control purposes 327
• F15D » Fluid dynamics, i.e. methods or means for influencing the flow of gases or liquids 1,5K

• F16B » Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts together, e.g. nails, bolts, circlips, clamps, clips, wedges, joints or jointing 37,6K
• F16C » Shafts; flexible shafts; elements or crankshaft mechanisms; rotary bodies other than gearing elements; bearings 57,9K
• F16D » Couplings for transmitting rotation; clutches; brakes 60,3K
• F16F » Springs; shock-absorbers; means for damping vibration 30,4K
• F16G » Belts, cables, or ropes, predominantly used for driving purposes; chains; fittings predominantly used therefor 4,3K
• F16H » Gearing 112,9K
• F16J » Pistons ; cylinders; sealings 17,0K
• F16K » Valves; taps; cocks; actuating-floats; devices for venting or aerating 52,7K
• F16L » Pipes; joints or fittings for pipes; supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing; means for thermal insulation in general 50,6K
• F16M » Frames, casings, or beds of engines or other machines or apparatus not specific to an engine, machine, or apparatus provided for elsewhere; stands or supports 32,4K
• F16N » Lubricating 3,6K
• F16P » Safety devices in general; {safety devices for presses} 1,2K
• F16S » Constructional elements in general; structures built-up from such elements, in general 81
• F16T » Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours 189

• F17B » Gas-holders of variable capacity 9
• F17C » Vessels for containing or storing compressed, liquefied or solidified gases; fixed-capacity gas-holders; filling vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases 51,5K
• F17D » Pipe-line systems; pipe-lines 2,3K

F2 » Lighting; heating 480,0K

• F21H » Mantles; other incandescent bodies heated by combustion 1
• F21K » Light sources not otherwise provided for 6,5K
• F21L » Lighting devices or systems thereof, being portable or specially adapted for transportation 4,0K
• F21S » Non-portable lighting devices or systems thereof 20,6K
• F21V » Details of lighting devices, of general application 95,2K
• F21W » Indexing scheme relating to uses or applications of lighting devices or systems 6,7K
• F21Y » Indexing scheme relating to the form of the light sources 5,7K

• F22B » Methods of steam generation; steam boilers 4,0K
• F22D » Preheating, or accumulating preheated, feed-water; feed-water supply; controlling water level; auxiliary devices for promoting water circulation within boilers 359
• F22G » Superheating of steam 335

• F23B » Methods or apparatus for combustion using only solid fuel 531
• F23C » Combustion apparatus using fluent fuel 5,0K
• F23D » Burners 10,0K
• F23G » Cremation furnaces; consuming waste products by combustion 6,6K
• F23H » Grates ; cleaning or raking grates 228
• F23J » Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues ; flues 4,2K
• F23K » Feeding fuel to combustion apparatus 1,8K
• F23L » Air supply; draught-inducing; supplying non-combustible liquid or gas 2,3K
• F23M » Casings, linings, walls or doors specially adapted for combustion chambers, e.g. firebridges; devices for deflecting air, flames or combustion products in combustion chambers; safety arrangements specially adapted for combustion apparatus; details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for 1,2K
• F23N » Regulating or controlling combustion 4,9K
• F23Q » Ignition ; extinguishing-devices 1,7K
• F23R » Generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity, e.g. gas-turbine combustion chambers 13,0K

• F24B » Domestic stoves or ranges for solid fuels 1,8K
• F24C » Other domestic stoves or ranges; details of domestic stoves or ranges, of general application 10,8K
• F24D » Domestic- or space-heating systems, e.g. central heating systems; domestic hot-water supply systems; elements or components therefor 7,5K
• F24F » Air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for screening 36,1K
• F24H » Fluid heaters, e.g. water or air heaters, having heat generating means, in general 9,3K
• F24J » Producing or use of heat not otherwise provided for 3,6K

• F25B » Refrigeration machines, plants or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat-pump systems 54,6K
• F25C » Production, working, storing or distribution of ice 7,1K
• F25D » Refrigerators; cold rooms; ice-boxes; cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass 41,9K
• F25J » Liquefaction, solidification or separation of gases or gaseous mixtures by pressure and cold treatment 25,2K

• F26B » Drying solid materials or objects by removing liquid therefrom 10,0K

• F27B » Furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts in general; open sintering or like apparatus 6,2K
• F27D » Details or accessories of furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts, in so far as they are of kinds occurring in more than one kind of furnace 8,3K
• F27M » Indexing scheme relating to aspects of the charges or furnaces, kilns, ovens or retorts 134

• F28B » Steam or vapour condensers 759
• F28C » Heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in which the heat-exchange media come into direct contact without chemical interaction 852
• F28D » Heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in which the heat-exchange media do not come into direct contact 27,4K
• F28F » Details of heat-exchange and heat-transfer apparatus, of general application 33,0K
• F28G » Cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat-exchange or heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes or boilers 915

F4 » Weapons; blasting 60,2K

• F41A » Functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, e.g. cannons; mountings for smallarms or ordnance 14,1K
• F41B » Weapons for projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge; weapons not otherwise provided for 6,1K
• F41C » Smallarms, e.g. pistols, rifles ; accessories therefor 5,0K
• F41F » Apparatus for launching projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons ; launchers for rockets or torpedoes; harpoon guns 616
• F41G » Weapon sights; aiming 8,4K
• F41H » Armour; armoured turrets; armoured or armed vehicles; means of attack or defence, e.g. camouflage, in general 8,4K
• F41J » Targets; target ranges; bullet catchers 1,8K

• F42B » Explosive charges, e.g. for blasting, fireworks, ammunition 12,2K
• F42C » Ammunition fuzes ; arming or safety means therefor 2,1K
• F42D » Blasting 1,5K

G0 » Instruments 6,0M

• G01B » Measuring length, thickness or similar linear dimensions; measuring angles; measuring areas; measuring irregularities of surfaces or contours 44,9K
• G01C » Measuring distances, levels or bearings; surveying; navigation; gyroscopic instruments; photogrammetry or videogrammetry 59,6K
• G01D » Measuring not specially adapted for a specific variable; arrangements for measuring two or more variables not covered in a single other subclass; tariff metering apparatus; measuring or testing not otherwise provided for 23,1K
• G01F » Measuring volume, volume flow, mass flow or liquid level; metering by volume 29,8K
• G01G » Weighing 8,6K
• G01H » Measurement of mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves 4,0K
• G01J » Measurement of intensity, velocity, spectral content, polarisation, phase or pulse characteristics of infra-red, visible or ultra-violet light; colorimetry; radiation pyrometry 58,9K
• G01K » Measuring temperature; measuring quantity of heat; thermally-sensitive elements not otherwise provided for 18,9K
• G01L » Measuring force, stress, torque, work, mechanical power, mechanical efficiency, or fluid pressure 26,3K
• G01M » Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures; testing structures or apparatus not otherwise provided for 22,7K
• G01N » Investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties 519,0K
• G01P » Measuring linear or angular speed, acceleration, deceleration, or shock; indicating presence, absence, or direction, of movement 17,3K
• G01Q » Scanning-probe techniques or apparatus; applications of scanning-probe techniques, e.g. scanning probe microscopy [spm] 4,1K
• G01R » Measuring electric variables; measuring magnetic variables 135,3K
• G01S » Radio direction-finding; radio navigation; determining distance or velocity by use of radio waves; locating or presence-detecting by use of the reflection or reradiation of radio waves; analogous arrangements using other waves 132,9K
• G01T » Measurement of nuclear or x-radiation 15,0K
• G01V » Geophysics; gravitational measurements; detecting masses or objects 35,7K
• G01W » Meteorology 2,8K

• G02B » Optical elements, systems, or apparatus 392,7K
• G02C » Spectacles; sunglasses or goggles insofar as they have the same features as spectacles; contact lenses 21,7K
• G02F » Devices or arrangements, the optical operation of which is modified by changing the optical properties of the medium of the devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating; techniques or procedures for the operation thereof; frequency-changing; non-linear optics; optical logic elements; optical analogue/digital converters 154,4K

• G03B » Apparatus or arrangements for taking photographs or for projecting or viewing them; apparatus or arrangements employing analogous techniques using waves other than optical waves; accessories therefor 55,5K
• G03C » Photosensitive materials for photographic purposes ; photographic processes, e.g. cine, x-ray, colour, stereo-photographic processes; auxiliary processes in photography 4,5K
• G03D » Apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials ; accessories therefor 311
• G03F » Photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. for printing, for processing of semiconductor devices; materials therefor; originals therefor; apparatus specially adapted therefor 96,5K
• G03G » Electrography; electrophotography; magnetography 143,9K
• G03H » Holographic processes or apparatus 20,7K

• G04B » Mechanically-driven clocks or watches; mechanical parts of clocks or watches in general; time pieces using the position of the sun, moon or stars 6,3K
• G04C » Electromechanical clocks or watches 1,5K
• G04D » Apparatus or tools specially designed for making or maintaining clocks or watches 374
• G04F » Time-interval measuring 2,0K
• G04G » Electronic time-pieces 4,5K
• G04R » Radio-controlled time-pieces 1,1K

• G05B » Control or regulating systems in general; functional elements of such systems; monitoring or testing arrangements for such systems or elements 110,0K
• G05D » Systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables 81,9K
• G05F » Systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables 12,2K
• G05G » Control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only 6,7K

• G06C » Digital computers in which all the computation is effected mechanically 50
• G06D » Digital fluid-pressure computing devices 2
• G06E » Optical computing devices; {computing devices using other radiations with similar properties} 205
• G06F » Electrical digital data processing 1,7M
• G06G » Analogue computers 665
• G06J » Hybrid computing arrangements 59
• G06K » Recognition of data; presentation of data; record carriers; handling record carriers 306,0K
• G06M » Counting mechanisms; counting of objects not otherwise provided for 652
• G06N » Computer systems based on specific computational models 100,3K
• G06Q » Data processing systems or methods, specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes; systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes, not otherwise provided for 634,9K
• G06T » Image data processing or generation, in general 375,9K

• G07B » Ticket-issuing apparatus; fare-registering apparatus; franking apparatus 5,5K
• G07C » Time or attendance registers; registering or indicating the working of machines; generating random numbers; voting or lottery apparatus; arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking not provided for elsewhere 40,8K
• G07D » Handling of coins or of paper currency or similar valuable papers, e.g. testing, sorting by denominations, counting, dispensing, changing or depositing 5,7K
• G07F » Coin-freed or like apparatus 90,9K
• G07G » Registering the receipt of cash, valuables, or tokens 4,7K

• G08B » Signalling or calling systems; order telegraphs; alarm systems 61,9K
• G08C » Transmission systems for measured values, control or similar signals 13,2K
• G08G » Traffic control systems 57,5K

• G09B » Educational or demonstration appliances; appliances for teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute; models; planetaria; globes; maps; diagrams 36,1K
• G09C » Coding or ciphering apparatus for cryptographic or other purposes involving the need for secrecy 857
• G09D » Railway or like time or fare tables; perpetual calendars 92
• G09F » Displaying; advertising; signs; labels or name-plates; seals 31,8K
• G09G » Arrangements or circuits for control of indicating devices using static means to present variable information 282,6K

• G10B » Organs; harmoniums or like wind-actuated musical instruments 36
• G10C » Pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical instruments with one or more keyboard 575
• G10D » Stringed musical instruments; wind-actuated musical instruments; accordions or concertinas; percussion musical instruments; musical instruments not otherwise provided for 3,7K
• G10F » Automatic musical instruments 165
• G10G » Aids for music ; supports for musical instruments; other auxiliary devices or accessories for music or musical instruments 826
• G10H » Electrophonic musical instruments 21,8K
• G10K » Sound-producing devices ; acoustics not otherwise provided for 11,4K
• G10L » Speech analysis or synthesis; speech recognition; speech or voice processing; speech or audio coding or decoding 105,6K

• G11B » Information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer 206,4K
• G11C » Static stores 222,5K

• G12B » Constructional details of instruments, or comparable details of other apparatus, not otherwise provided for 146

G2 » Nucleonics 22,7K

• G21B » Fusion reactors 1,2K
• G21C » Nuclear reactors 8,3K
• G21D » Nuclear power plant 1,1K
• G21F » Protection against x-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment; treating radioactively contaminated material; decontamination arrangements therefor 3,9K
• G21G » Conversion of chemical elements; radioactive sources 1,4K
• G21H » Obtaining energy from radioactive sources; applications of radiation from radioactive sources; utilising cosmic radiation 306
• G21J » Nuclear explosives; applications thereof 5
• G21K » Techniques for handling particles or ionising radiation not otherwise provided for; irradiation devices; gamma ray or x-ray microscopes 5,8K
• G21Y » Indexing scheme relating to nuclear reactors, power plants and explosives, to protection against radiation, to the treatment of radioactively contaminated material, to applications of radioactive sources and to the utilisation of cosmic radiation 715

• H01B » Cables; conductors; insulators; selection of materials for their conductive, insulating or dielectric properties 34,0K
• H01C » Resistors 6,4K
• H01F » Magnets; inductances; transformers; selection of materials for their magnetic properties 70,5K
• H01G » Capacitors; capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices or light-sensitive devices, of the electrolytic type 52,9K
• H01H » Electric switches; relays; selectors; emergency protective devices 64,0K
• H01J » Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps 137,6K
• H01K » Electric incandescent lamps 1,2K
• H01L » Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for 2,4M
• H01M » Processes or means, e.g. batteries, for the direct conversion of chemical into electrical energy 417,9K
• H01P » Waveguides; resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type 14,7K
• H01Q » Aerials 110,3K
• H01R » Line connectors; current collectors 145,7K
• H01S » Devices using stimulated emission 88,2K
• H01T » Spark gaps; overvoltage arresters using spark gaps; sparking plugs; corona devices; generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases 4,4K

• H02B » Boards, substations, or switching arrangements for the supply or distribution of electric power 4,7K
• H02G » Installation of electric cables or lines, or of combined optical and electric cables or lines 20,4K
• H02H » Emergency protective circuit arrangements 19,5K
• H02J » Circuit arrangements or systems for supplying or distributing electric power; systems for storing electric energy 97,6K
• H02K » Dynamo-electric machines 96,5K
• H02M » Apparatus for conversion between ac and ac, between ac and dc, or between dc and dc, and for use with mains or similar power supply systems; conversion of dc or ac input power into surge output power; control or regulation thereof 64,1K
• H02N » Electric machines not otherwise provided for 8,0K
• H02P » Control or regulation of electric motors, electric generators or dynamo-electric converters; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils 29,5K
• H02S » Generation of electric power by conversion of infra-red radiation, visible light or ultraviolet light, e.g. using photovoltaic [pv] modules 15,6K

• H03B » Generation of oscillations, directly or by frequency-changing, by circuits employing active elements which operate in a non-switching manner; generation of noise by such circuits 9,8K
• H03C » Modulation 1,4K
• H03D » Demodulation or transference of modulation from one carrier to another 5,1K
• H03F » Amplifiers 92,1K
• H03G » Control of amplification 11,3K
• H03H » Impedance networks, e.g. resonant circuits; resonators 43,3K
• H03J » Tuning resonant circuits; selecting resonant circuits 2,3K
• H03K » Pulse technique 67,5K
• H03L » Automatic control, starting, synchronisation, or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses 22,3K
• H03M » Coding; decoding; code conversion in general 59,9K

• H04B » Transmission 204,0K
• H04H » Broadcast communication 24,5K
• H04J » Multiplex communication 36,1K
• H04K » Secret communication; jamming of communication 3,6K
• H04L » Transmission of digital information, e.g. telegraphic communication 1,4M
• H04M » Telephonic communication 178,8K
• H04N » Pictorial communication, e.g. television 1,1M
• H04Q » Selecting 39,1K
• H04R » Loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers; deaf-aid sets; public address systems 119,9K
• H04S » Stereophonic systems 18,8K
• H04T » Indexing scheme relating to standards for electric communication technique 3
• H04W » Wireless communications networks 681,6K

• H05B » Electric heating; electric lighting not otherwise provided for 71,9K
• H05C » Electric circuits or apparatus specially designed for use in equipment for killing, stunning, or guiding living beings 156
• H05F » Static electricity; naturally-occurring electricity 630
• H05G » X-ray technique 4,0K
• H05H » Plasma technique ; production of accelerated electrically-charged particles or of neutrons ; production or acceleration of neutral molecular or atomic beams 7,9K
• H05K » Printed circuits; casings or constructional details of electric apparatus; manufacture of assemblages of electrical components 303,8K

• Y02B » Indexing scheme relating to climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings, e.g. including housing and appliances or related end-user applications 25,7K
• Y02C » Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases [ghg] 1,8K
• Y02E » Reduction of greenhouse gases [ghg] emission, related to energy generation, transmission or distribution 198,6K
• Y02P » Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods 94,6K
• Y02T » Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation 141,2K
• Y02W » Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management 17,8K

• Y02C » Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases [ghg] 1,8K
• Y02E » Reduction of greenhouse gases [ghg] emission, related to energy generation, transmission or distribution 198,6K
• Y02P » Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods 94,6K
• Y02T » Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation 141,2K
• Y02W » Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management 17,8K
• Y04S » Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation, communication or information technologies for improving the electrical power generation, transmission, distribution, management or usage, i.e. smart grids 10,0K

• Y10S » Technical subjects covered by former uspc cross-reference art collections [xracs] and digests 131,3K
• Y10T » Technical subjects covered by former us classification 552,3K