Optical grating coupling for interferometric waveguides in heat assisted magnetic recording heads

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/846,704, filed on Jul. 16, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

FIG. 1 depicts a plan view of a portion of a conventional heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) disk drive 10. The conventional HAMR disk drive 10 includes a media 12, a laser 20 and a HAMR transducer 30 formed on a slider 25. The HAMR transducer 30 includes a near-field transducer (NFT) 32, a pole 34, coil(s) 36 and a waveguide 40. The waveguide 40 directs light from its entrance 42 to the exit 44 near the ABS.

The waveguide 40 is butt-coupled to the laser 20. Stated differently, the waveguide 40 is positioned with its entrance 42 essentially at the exit at which light leaves the laser 20. The waveguide 40 directs light from the laser 20 to the waveguide exit 44 at the ABS. The NFT 32 is optically coupled with the waveguide 40. Thus, light is coupled into the NFT 32.

In operation, the light is provided from the laser 20 to the waveguide 40 via the entrance 42. The light travels toward the exit 44 and is coupled into the NFT 32. The NFT 32 utilizes resonances in surface plasmons to couple light into the media 12 at a spot size smaller than the optical diffraction limit. The coils 36 energize the pole 34 to magnetically write to a portion of the media 12 heated by the spot size at a relatively modest field. Thus, data may be written to the media 12.

Although the conventional HAMR transducer 30 functions, there are drawbacks. The laser 20 bonding of the laser 20 to the back of the slider 25 is may be difficult to do. For example, the laser 20 may be bonded to a different substrate, which is then individually bonded to the slider 25. This bonding process may take a significant amount of time and may have alignment issues between the laser 20 and entrance 42 of the waveguide 40 Throughput and yield for the fabrication process may thus be adversely affected.

Accordingly, what is needed is a HAMR transducer that may have improved fabrication.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting a side view of a conventional HAMR disk drive.

FIG. 2 is depicts an exemplary embodiment of a heat assisted magnetic recording disk drive.

FIGS. 3A and 3B depict plan and side views of an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a heat assisted magnetic recording transducer.

FIGS. 4A and 4B depict plan and side views of another exemplary embodiment of a portion of a heat assisted magnetic recording transducer.

FIGS. 5A and 5B depict plan and side views of another exemplary embodiment of a portion of a heat assisted magnetic recording transducer.

FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a coupling grating that can be used in a HAMR transducer.

FIG. 7 depicts a plan view of another exemplary embodiment of a portion of a HAMR transducer.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary embodiment of a method for fabricating a HAMR transducer.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary embodiment of a method for bonding lasers to a HAMR transducer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 2 depicts a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) disk drive 100. For clarity, FIG. 2 is not to scale. For simplicity not all portions of the HAMR disk drive 100 are shown. In addition, although the HAMR disk drive 100 is depicted in the context of particular components other and/or different components may be used. For simplicity, only single components are shown. However, multiples of the component(s) and/or their sub-component(s) might be used.

The HAMR disk drive 100 includes media 102, a slider 110, a HAMR transducer 120 and a laser 130. Additional and/or different components may be included in the HAMR disk drive 100. The slider 110, and thus the laser 130 and HAMR transducer 120 are generally attached to a suspension (not shown). The HAMR transducer 120 is fabricated on the slider 110 and includes an air-bearing surface (ABS) proximate to the media 102 during use. Although not shown, the laser 130 may be attached to a substrate or other submount, for example for mechanical stability. Further, the laser 130 is shown as being attached to the side surface of the slider 110, which may be accomplished using wafer level bonding processes. However, in other embodiments, the laser 130 may be bonded in a different location and/or using different methods.

In general, the HAMR disk drive 100 includes a write transducer and a read transducer. However, for clarity, only the write portion (HAMR transducer 120) of the head is shown. The HAMR transducer 120 includes a waveguide 140, write pole 124, coil(s) 126 and near-field transducer (NFT) 128. In other embodiments, different and/or additional components may be used in the HAMR transducer 120. The waveguide 140 guides light to the NFT 128, which resides near the ABS. The NFT 128 utilizes local resonances in surface plasmons to focus the light to magnetic recording media 102. At resonance, the NFT 128 couples the optical energy of the surface plasmons efficiently into the recording medium layer of the media 102 with a confined optical spot which is much smaller than the optical diffraction limit. This optical spot can rapidly heat the recording medium layer to near or above the Curie point. High density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.

The waveguide 140 shown is a tapered waveguide. Thus, the waveguide 140 includes a tapered region 142 as well as a bottom region 143 near the ABS. The tapered waveguide 140 includes at least a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. The first side and the second side converge toward the ABS at least in the tapered region 142. In some embodiments other sides of the tapered waveguide may also converge. In other embodiments, the remaining sides may not converge. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2-3B, the sides of the tapered region 142 converge linearly. In other embodiments, the tapered region 142 is a higher ordered tapered region. In such embodiments, the sides in accordance with a function having at least one term having an order greater than one. In some embodiments, the highest order term of the function is two. Thus, the tapered waveguide 140 would then be a quadratic tapered waveguide. In other embodiments, the tapered waveguide 140 may have higher order terms. For example, the tapered waveguide may be a cubic tapered waveguide. A single term or multiple terms of the same or different order may also describe the design of the taper for the tapered waveguide 140. Further, where multiple terms are present in the function describing the taper, some terms may have an order less than or equal to one. In general, a mode converter is not necessary. However, although not depicted in FIG. 2, the tapered waveguide 140 may be coupled to a mode converter. In such embodiments, the mode converter also tapers. Thus, the mode converter also confines the laser mode to smaller dimensions. In some embodiments, the mode converter tapers in the same manner as the tapered section of the tapered waveguide. However, in other embodiments, the mode converter may taper in another fashion. Further, the tapered waveguide 140 may taper in accordance with function(s) having terms with non-integer powers. In some embodiments, however, the taper may be removed from the waveguide 140 or may be an inverse taper in which the sides diverge in a direction toward the ABS.

The waveguide 140 may also be an interferometric waveguide (IWG). FIGS. 3A and 3B depict plan and side views of a portion of the HAMR transducer 120 and, therefore, the disk drive 100. For clarity, FIGS. 3A and 3B are not to scale. For simplicity not all portions of the tapered IWG 140 are shown. In addition, although the tapered waveguide 140 is depicted in the context of particular components other and/or different components may be used. Referring to FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B, the IWG 140 includes an entrance 141, the tapered region 142, a bottom 143 at or near the ABS, a splitter 144, and arms 145 and 146. The sides of the tapered waveguide 140 are shown as tapering in the cross-track direction, but not in the down track direction. The sides of the tapered IWG 140 may converge only in the cross-track direction, only in the down track direction, or in both the cross-track and down track directions. Further, the sides of the tapered IWG 140 are shown as being symmetric in FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B. Thus, opposite sides of the tapered IWG 140 converge in a like manner. However, in other embodiments, opposing sides of the tapered IWG 140 may be asymmetric and converge in different manners. As discussed above the sidewalls waveguide core for the tapered section 146 converge at a higher order than one (linearly). For example, in one embodiment, the sidewalls may converge based on a quadratic, cubic or other order greater than one. A single term or multiple terms of the same or different order may also describe the design of the taper 146 for the tapered IWG 140. Also shown in FIG. 3A are optional taps 147 and 148, which may be used to couple out some of the light propagating through the arms 145 and 146, respectively. The arms 145 and 146 of the waveguide 140 have an optical path difference. As a result, light from the laser 130 is split between the arms at or near the splitter 144, travels through arms 145 and 146 and recombines near the bottom 143. As such a standing wave interference pattern may be formed.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B, the HAMR transducer 120 also includes a coupling grating 150. The coupling grating is used to couple in light from the laser 130 and provide the light to the waveguide 140. The direction of travel of light from the laser 130 to the grating 150 is shown by an arrow in FIG. 2. In the embodiment shown, the coupling grating 150 includes an optical grating 152 and a reflector 154. The grating 152 has a pitch, p, that is configured to couple in light from the laser 120. The pitch depends upon the wavelength of light emitted by the laser 120. In embodiments in which the wavelength of light is in the range of 830 nm, the pitch of the grating 152 may be on the order of five hundred nanometers. The reflector 154 may reflect light that may otherwise be lost, allowing in an additional opportunity to be coupled into the waveguide 140. Although shown as adjoining the grating, the reflector 154 may be spaced apart from the grating 152. For example, the reflector 154 may be a few hundred nanometers away from the grating 152. In some embodiments, the reflector 152 is a mirror. In other embodiments, the reflector may be a Bragg reflector or other reflector.

In operation, the laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150. The coupling grating 150 couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140. The taper 142 of the tapered IWG 140 and, in some embodiments, a mode converter (not shown in FIGS. 2, 3A and 3B) confine the mode propagated through the IWG 140 to a smaller physical area. In addition, the tapered IWG 140 directs the light toward the NFT 128. The NFT 128 focuses the light to a region of magnetic recording media 102 using surface plasmons. The NFT 128 thus couples the optical energy of the light into the recording medium layer of the media 102 with a confined optical spot that is much smaller than the optical diffraction limit. This optical spot can typically heat the recording medium layer above the Curie point on the sub-nanosecond scale. While the medium 102 is heated, high density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.

Use of the HAMR transducer 120 may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142 may more rapidly confine the mode propagated by the IWG 140 and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140 more stable. The coupling grating 150 may be less sensitive to misalignments of the laser 130 along the direction of the grating 150. Stated differently, in the embodiment shown, the HAMR transducer 120 allows looser tolerances for alignment of the laser 130 in the stripe height direction. Thus, processing is simplified. In addition, use of the coupling grating 150 may allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100. For example, the laser 130 may be mounted on the back surface of the slider 110. This may also enable the use of laser such as vertical surface emitting laser (VCSEL). Wafer bonding processed may thus be used to align and affix the laser 130 to the slider 110 before the wafer containing the slider 110 is cut into individual sliders. Thus, in some embodiments, the laser 130 may be mounted on the side surface of the slider 110 as shown in FIG. 2. Consequently, throughput and yield during fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120 may be improved. Thus, fabrication and performance of the HAMR disk drive 100 may be enhanced.

FIGS. 4A and 4B depict plan and side views of a portion of a HAMR transducer 120′. For clarity, FIGS. 4A and 4B are not to scale. For simplicity not all portions of the transducer 120′ are shown. The HAMR transducer 120′ is analogous to the HAMR transducer 120. Thus, the HAMR transducer 120′ may reside in the disk drive 100. Analogous portions of the HAMR transducer 120′ are labeled similarly in FIGS. 4A and 4B. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4A-4B, the HAMR transducer 120′ includes a tapered waveguide 140′ that has an entrance 141′, a taper 142′ and arms (not shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B) that are analogous to the tapered waveguide 140, entrance 141, taper 142 and arms 145 and 146, respectively. The HAMR transducer 140′ also includes a coupling grating 150 including a grating 152 and reflector 154 analogous to the coupling grating 150 including grating 152 and reflector 154, respectively that are depicted in FIGS. 3A-3B. The tapered waveguide 140′ may be a tapered IWG 140′ analogous to the IWG 140 depicted in FIGS. 3A-3B.

In the embodiment shown, the tapered IWG 140′ has a quadratic tapered region 142′. Thus, the sides at least the cross track direction converge toward the ABS in accordance with a function having a highest power of two. In other embodiments, other functions are possible including an inverse taper may be used. In addition, an optional mode converter 149 is shown. The mode converter 149 is also tapered. However, the mode converter 149 is linearly tapered. Thus, the manner in which the mode converter 149 and the tapered section 142′ converge need not be the same. In other embodiments, the mode converter 149 and the tapered section 142 may converge in accordance with substantially the same function. However, the mode converter 149 may also be omitted. The IWG 140′ is not tapered in the down track direction shown in FIG. 4B. However, in other embodiments, the IWG 140′ may be tapered in the down track direction.

The HAMR transducer 120′ operates in an analogous manner to the HAMR transducer 120. The laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150. The coupling grating 150 couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140′. The taper 142′ and mode converter 149 confine the mode propagated through the IWG 140′ to a smaller physical area. The tapered IWG 140′ directs the light toward the NFT 128, which focuses the light on to the media 102. This heats the media 102 in a small region. While the region of the media 102 is heated, high density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.

Use of the HAMR transducer 120′ may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142′ and mode converter 149 may more rapidly confine the mode propagated by the IWG 140′ and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140 more stable. The coupling grating 150 may be less sensitive to misalignments of the laser 130 along the direction of the grating 150. Thus, processing is simplified. In addition, use of the coupling grating 150 may allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100. Consequently, throughput and yield during fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120′ as well as performance of the HAMR disk drive 100 may be improved.

FIGS. 5A and 5B depict plan and side views of a portion of a HAMR transducer 120″. For clarity, FIGS. 5A and 5B are not to scale. For simplicity not all portions of the transducer 120″ are shown. The HAMR transducer 120″ is analogous to the HAMR transducers 120 and/or 120′. Thus, the HAMR transducer 120″ may reside in the disk drive 100. Analogous portions of the HAMR transducer 120″ are labeled similarly in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 5A-5B, the HAMR transducer 120″ includes a tapered waveguide 140″ that has an entrance 141″, a taper 142″ and arms (not shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B) that are analogous to the tapered waveguide 140/140′, entrance 141/141′, taper 142/142′ and arms 145 and 146, respectively. The HAMR transducer 120″ also includes a coupling grating 150′ analogous to the coupling grating 150′ depicted in FIGS. 3A-4B. The tapered waveguide 140″ may be a tapered IWG 140″ analogous to the IWG 140 depicted in FIGS. 3A-3B.

In the embodiment shown, the tapered IWG 140″ is tapered with a quadratic taper. Thus, the sides at least the cross track direction converge toward the ABS in accordance with a function having a highest power of two. In other embodiments, other functions are possible including an inverse taper may be used. In other embodiments, a mode converter (not shown) may be included. Note that the IWG 140″ is not tapered in the down track direction shown in FIG. 5B. However, in other embodiments, the IWG 140″ may be tapered in the down track direction.

The coupling grating 150′ includes the grating 152 and reflector 154 analogous to the grating 152 and reflector 154 depicted in FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B. In addition, the coupling grating 150′ includes a back reflector 156. The back reflector 156 may be a Bragg reflector, a mirror or other reflector. The reflector 156 may be used to improve the efficiency of the grating 150′ when the light from the laser 130 is incident on the grating 152 in the down track direction (substantially perpendicular to the direction toward the ABS). In such an embodiment, approximately fifty percent of the light form the laser 130 would be coupled into the grating 152 in the direction toward the ABS. However, the other fifty percent would be coupled into the grating 152 in the opposite direction, away from the ABS. The presence of the reflector 156 recycles this light back to the grating 152. Thus, the efficiency of the coupling grating 150′ may be improved.

For example, FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a coupling grating 150″ that may be used in the coupling grating 150 and/or 150′. In particular, a grating 152′ and a reflector 156′ are shown. The grating 152′ has a pitch that is an integer multiple of λ. In the embodiment shown, the integer selected is one. Thus, the grating 152′ may be used to couple in light from a VCSEL. In contrast, the reflector 156′ is a Bragg reflector. Thus, the pitch is desired to be (n+½)λ, where n is an integer. In the embodiment shown, n is one. Thus, the gratings 152′ and 156′ may operate together to improve the coupling of the laser 130, such as a VCSEL, in which light is incident on the coupling grating 150′/150″ perpendicular to the stripe height direction.

The HAMR transducer 120″ operates in an analogous manner to the HAMR transducers 120 and/or 120′. The laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150′. The coupling grating 150′ couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140″. The taper 142″ confines the mode propagated through the IWG 140″. The tapered IWG 140″ directs the light toward the NFT 128, which focuses the light on to the media 102. This heats the media 102 in a small region. While the region of the media 102 is heated, high density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.

Use of the HAMR transducer 120″ may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142″ may more rapidly confines the mode propagated by the IWG 140″ and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140″ more stable. The coupling grating 150′ may be less sensitive to misalignments of the laser 130 along the direction of the grating 150. Thus, processing is simplified. Use of the coupling grating 150′/150″ may allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100 that may facilitate fabrication. The presence of the reflector 156/156′ in the coupling grating 150′may improve the optical efficiency of the coupling grating 150′ and, therefore the HAMR transducer 120′. Consequently, throughput and yield during fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120″ as well as performance of the HAMR disk drive 100 may be improved.

FIG. 7 depicts a plan view of a portion of a HAMR transducer 120′″. For clarity, FIG. 7 is not to scale. For simplicity not all portions of the transducer 120′″ are shown. The HAMR transducer 120′″ is analogous to the HAMR transducers 120, 120′ and/or 120″. Thus, the HAMR transducer 120′″ may reside in the disk drive 100. Analogous portions of the HAMR transducer 120′″ are labeled similarly in FIG. 7. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 7, the HAMR transducer 120′″ includes a tapered waveguide 140′″ that has an entrance 141′″, a taper 142′″, splitter 144′″, arms 145′″ and 146′″, taps 147′″ and 148′″ that are analogous to the tapered waveguide 140/140′/140″, entrance 141/141′/141″, taper 142/142′/142″, arms 145 and 146, and taps 147 and 148 respectively. The HAMR transducer 120′″ also includes a coupling grating 150′″ analogous to the coupling gratings 150/150′/150″ depicted in FIGS. 3A-6. The tapered waveguide 140′″ is a tapered IWG 140″ analogous to the IWG 140 depicted in FIGS. 3A-3B.

In the embodiment shown, the coupling grating 150′″ includes the grating 152″ and reflector (not shown in FIG. 7) analogous to the grating 152/152′ and reflector 154 depicted in FIGS. 3A-6. In addition, the coupling grating 150′″ includes a back reflector 156″ analogous to the reflector 156/156′. The back reflector 156″ may be a Bragg reflector, a mirror or other reflector. In addition, as can be seen in FIG. 7 the grating 152″ and reflector 156″ are oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of orientation of the gratings 152/152′ and reflector 156/156′. The reflector 156″ is thus oriented substantially perpendicular to the ABS, while the reflector 156/156′ are substantially parallel to the ABS. Thus, the reflector 156″ reflects light with a direction of propagation at least partially in the cross track direction.

The HAMR transducer 120′″ operates in an analogous manner to the HAMR transducers 120, 120′ and/or 120″. The laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150′″. The coupling grating 150′″ couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140′″. The taper 142′″ confines the mode propagated through the IWG 140′″. The tapered IWG 140′″ directs the light toward the NFT 128, which focuses the light on to the media 102. This heats the media 102 in a small region. While the region of the media 102 is heated, high density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.

Use of the HAMR transducer 120′″ may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142″ may more rapidly confine the mode propagated by the IWG 140′″ and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140′″ more stable. The coupling grating 150′″ may provide greater tolerances for laser 130 misalignment in the cross-track direction and allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100 that may facilitate fabrication. The presence of the reflector 156″ in the coupling grating 150′″ may improve the optical efficiency of the coupling grating 150′″ and, therefore the HAMR transducer 120′″. In addition, the orientation of the grating 152″ and reflector 156″ may allow for more space to fabricate the waveguide 140′″. Thus, fabrication and design of the HAMR transducer may be enhanced. Consequently, throughput and yield during fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120′″ as well as performance of the HAMR disk drive 100 may be improved.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary embodiment of a method 200 for fabricating HAMR transducers having coupling gratings used in conjunction with IWGs. In particular, the method 200 may be used in fabricating a HAMR transducer 120, 120′, 120″ and/or 120′″. For simplicity, some steps may be omitted, performed in another order, interleaved with other steps and/or combined. The magnetic recording transducer being fabricated may be part of a merged head that also includes a read head (not shown) and resides on a slider (not shown) in a disk drive. The method 200 is described in the context of forming a single transducer 120 in a disk drive 100. However, the method 200 may be used to fabricate multiple transducers at substantially the same time. Further, the method 200 may be used in fabricating other transducer including but not limited to the transducers 120′, 120″ and/or 120′″. The method 200 and system are also described in the context of particular layers. However, in some embodiments, such layers may include multiple sub-layers. The method 200 also may commence after formation of other portions of the magnetic recording transducer.

A write pole 124 configured to write to a region of the media 102 is provided, via step 202. Step 202 typically include multiple substeps that form the pole 124. One or more write coils 126 are provided, via step 204.

A grating 150 that is to be optically coupled with the laser is provided, via step 206. Step 206 typically includes depositing and patterning the core and cladding layers for the grating 152, as well as providing the reflector(s) 154 and/or 156. A tapered interferometric waveguide 140 optically coupled with the grating 150 is provided, via step 208. Step 208 typically includes depositing cladding and core layers for the waveguide 140 and defining the waveguide (e.g. the waveguide core) 140 using photolithography. Steps 206 and 208 may be performed together. As part of steps 208 a mode converter may optionally be provided. The near field transducer 128 may also be provided, via step 210. Fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120 may then be completed, via step 212. For example, shields, other poles, a read transducer and/or other components may be formed.

Using the method 200, the transducer(s) 120, 120′, 120″ and/or 120′″ may be fabricated. Consequently, the benefits of the HAMR transducer 120/120′/120″/120′″ may be achieved.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary embodiment of a method 250 for bonding lasers with HAMR transducers having coupling gratings used in conjunction with IWGs. In particular, the method 250 may be used in fabricating a HAMR disk drive 100. For simplicity, some steps may be omitted, performed in another order, interleaved with other steps and/or combined. The method 250 is described in the context of bonding laser(s) for disk drive(s) 100. The method 250 typically commences after the transducers 120 have been formed on the surface of the substrate that will be used for the sliders but before substrate has been cut to separate individual transducers 120. In some embodiments, the wafer may have been cut such that the method 250 is performed for only a portion of the transducers 120 that were fabricated on the wafer.

The laser(s) 130 are aligned with transducers 120 on a wafer, via step 252. In some embodiments, the lasers are in laser bar(s). A laser bar typically includes a row of lasers on the substrate on which the lasers are fabricated. However, in other embodiments, other arrangements including but not limited to single lasers and a two-dimensional array of lasers may be used. The transducers 120 have been fabricated on the wafer and typically are formed in a two dimensional array. Because of the use of the coupling gratings 150, the alignment step 252 has greater tolerances in at least one dimension. Once the alignment has been completed, the lasers may be wafer bonded to the transducers on the substrate, via step 254.

Thus, using the method 250, the lasers 130 may be bonded to the transducers 120 and, therefore, the sliders 110. Consequently, the benefits of the transducers 120, 120′, 120″ and/or 120′″ and disk drive 100 may be achieved.