Infrastructure for secure short message transmission

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

None.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX

Not applicable.

BACKGROUND

Short message service (SMS) messages are a text message service component of voice communications systems. SMS allows mobile phones to send text messages via a wireless voice communication system. Multimedia messaging service (MMS) messages are short messages that are sent over a wireless data communication channel. MMS messages may comprise images and/or video. Instant messaging (IM) messages are short messages that transmit text over the Internet.

Trusted communications may be desired in some communication contexts. Trusted communications may be promoted by hardware features. Trusted communication may be conducted over a chain of communication nodes each executing in a trusted operation mode (e.g., performing communication functions with the assistance of hardware features or with hardware assisted trust), hence forming a continuity of trust. Trust tokens, such as security tokens, passcodes, personal identification numbers (PINs), and other forms or validation that may be used by the communication nodes to verify trusted operation status of other communication nodes in the path or route of continuity.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The UE comprises a radio frequency transceiver, a processor, a memory, and an application stored to the memory. The application, when executed by the processor, establishes a communication link from the first UE to a communication terminal. The application sends a validation message to the communication terminal over the communication link, wherein a passcode is appended to the validation message sent to the communication terminal. The application receives the validation message back from the communication terminal via the communication link, wherein the received validation message has an appended aggregate security signature on the message that shows that the message was read and validated by the communication terminal. The application then sends a message over the communication link to the communication terminal. The application then tears down the communication link.

A method of secure communication using short messages is disclosed. The method comprises a user equipment (UE) establishing a communication link from the UE to a communication terminal. The method comprises the UE sending a validation message to the communication terminal over the communication link, wherein a passcode is appended to the validation message sent to the communication terminal. The method comprises the UE receiving the validation message back from the communication terminal via the communication link, wherein the received validation message has an appended aggregate security signature on the message that shows that the message was validated and read by the communication terminal. The method further comprises the UE sending a short message over the communication link to the communication terminal. The method further comprises the UE tearing down the communication link.

In an embodiment, a method of secure communication using short messages is disclosed. The method comprises a user equipment (UE) establishing a communication link from the UE to a communication terminal, wherein the communication link comprises a plurality of nodes operating in trusted operation mode. The method comprises the UE sending a validation message to the communication terminal over the communication link, wherein a passcode is appended to the validation message sent to the communication terminal, wherein the validation message is tagged by each of the plurality of nodes that it passes through over the communication link from the UE to the communication terminal, wherein the compiled tags comprise an aggregate security signature. The method comprises the UE receiving the validation message back from the communication terminal via the communication link, wherein the validation message comprises the appended aggregate security signature that shows that the message was read and validated by the communication terminal, wherein the validation message returns to the UE along the same communication link. The method comprises the UE sending a short message over the communication link from the UE to the communication terminal. The method comprises the UE tearing down the communication link.

These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.

FIG. 1a a block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 1b is a block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a hardware architecture of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 6A is a block diagram of a software architecture of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 6B is a block diagram of another software architecture of a user equipment according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a computer system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.

A system and methods for secure communication using, for example, short messages such as short message service (SMS) messages, multimedia messages service (MMS) messages, and/or instant messages (IM) is disclosed. SMS and MMS messages may be short messages that are transmitted by and/or transmitted to mobile communication devices such as a user equipment (UE). Prior to implementation of a UE that establishes a communication link with a communication terminal for secure communication, companies that wished to send short messages and the content of those short messages in trust may not have been able to do so securely. The communication terminal may be a UE or it may be a server computer that executes a messaging application that is able to exchange short messages with a UE, for example SMS messages, MMS messages, or IM messages.

The UE in the system allows for a trusted communication environment to be established so that trusted transmission and reception of short messages can be transmitted and received securely. In an embodiment, secure communication is demonstrated by communication occurring over a trusted communication pathway. Having trusted transmission of short messages provides indemnification for companies that wish to use short messages for communication and prevents outside parties from spying on the messages or the content of the messages that are being sent during and after the communication process. While the disclosure describes the system in the context of various short message communication mechanisms, it is understood that the teachings of the present disclosure may be applied to other messaging mechanisms or formats that are not qualified as “short messages.” Additionally, one or more of the messaging mechanisms explicitly defined herein as “short messages,” for example MMS messages, may encapsulate a non-trivial amount of data, for example may encapsulate or comprise video content.

In an embodiment, a UE that comprises a processing application establishes a communication link to a communication terminal. The communication link is a temporary secure and/or trusted communication link or communication pathway that allows for trusted transmission of short messages such as SMS messages, MMS messages, or IM messages. The UE may be a mobile communication device such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, or another device. The communication terminal may be a UE, or a server computer that executes an application suitable for implementing the system herein described, for example an application that is able to send and receive short messages (e.g., SMS messages, MMS messages, or IM messages). The communication link may be comprised of a plurality of nodes operating in trusted operation mode and in communication to each other forming an end-to-end communication link. Alternatively, a secure communication link may be provided by a first node operating in trust coupled by a plurality of nodes not operating in trust to a second node operating in trust. The communication link from the first node operating in trust to the second node operating in trust may be provided in the inside of a communication service provider network and may be provided, for example, over a virtual private network (VPN) resource.

After establishing the secure communication link, the processing application sends a validation message to the communication terminal. The validation message comprises a passcode that the communication terminal may read and use to identify that the UE is a trusted UE that it can communicate with. The passcode is a security token, a personal identification number (PIN), or another form of passcode that the communication terminal uses to validate the UE. The validation message is also tagged by each of the plurality of nodes operating in trusted operation mode that it passes through over the communication link from the UE to the second UE. The compiled tags comprise an aggregate security signature. The aggregate security signature comprises information regarding what time messages were sent, what time they were received, who received the messages and other factors that are important to companies that want to know the activity between the processing application and the communication terminal. The aggregate security signature is stored to a trust log, so that the information in the aggregate security signature is recorded. By storing this information to a trust log, questions concerning whether the information was exchanged or not can be confirmed by referring to the trust log. This provides protection or indemnification for companies in case another company questions the validity of an exchange.

The UE receives the validation message back from the communication terminal via the communication link. The validation message has the aggregate security signature appended to it that shows that the message was read and validated by the communication terminal. The validation message returns to the UE along the same communication link. With the validation message received, the UE sends a short message over the communication link from the UE to the communication terminal. The short message is comprised of a payload that is desired by the communication terminal. The payload of the short message comprises one of a message, statistics, media content, or other content. After sending the short message with the payload, the UE tears down the communication link to the communication terminal. By tearing down the communication link, the UE promotes security against outside parties that want to spy on the message and the content of the message. This comprises allowing the engaged nodes to leave trusted operation mode and return to normal operation mode.

The processing application promotes security or indemnification for users that wish to transmit short messages in trust. By setting up a secure communication link to a desired communication terminal, validating the desired UE with the validation message, where the desired UE validates itself, sending the short message in trust, and tearing down the communication link, short messages can be sent in trust and have knowledge that the recipient is a trusted recipient. This provides users comfort to send content via short messages in trust, knowing that their content that has been sent in the short message has not been spied on.

A trusted security zone provides chipsets with a hardware root of trust, a secure execution environment for applications, and secure access to peripherals. A hardware root of trust means the chipset should only execute programs intended by the device manufacturer or vendor and resists software and physical attacks, and therefore remains trusted to provide the intended level of security. The chipset architecture is designed to promote a programmable environment that allows the confidentiality and integrity of assets to be protected from specific attacks. Trusted security zone capabilities are becoming features in both wireless and fixed hardware architecture designs. Providing the trusted security zone in the main mobile device chipset and protecting the hardware root of trust removes the need for separate secure hardware to authenticate the device or user. To ensure the integrity of the applications requiring trusted data, such as a mobile financial services application, the trusted security zone also provides the secure execution environment where only trusted applications can operate, safe from attacks. Security is further promoted by restricting access of non-trusted applications to peripherals, such as data inputs and data outputs, while a trusted application is running in the secure execution environment. In an embodiment, the trusted security zone may be conceptualized as hardware assisted security.

A complete trusted execution environment (TEE) may be implemented through the use of the trusted security zone hardware and software architecture. The trusted execution environment is an execution environment that is parallel to the execution environment of the main mobile device operating system. The trusted execution environment and/or the trusted security zone may provide a base layer of functionality and/or utilities for use of applications that may execute in the trusted security zone. For example, in an embodiment, trust tokens may be generated by the base layer of functionality and/or utilities of the trusted execution environment and/or trusted security zone for use in trusted end-to-end communication links to document a continuity of trust of the communications. Through standardization of application programming interfaces (APIs), the trusted execution environment becomes a place in which scalable deployment of secure services can be targeted. A device which has a chipset that has a trusted execution environment on it may exist in a trusted services environment, where devices in the trusted services environment are trusted and protected against attacks. The trusted execution environment can be implemented on mobile phones and tablets as well as extending to other trusted devices such as personal computers, servers, sensors, medical devices, point-of-sale terminals, industrial automation, handheld terminals, automotive, etc.

The trusted security zone is implemented by partitioning all of the hardware and software resources of the mobile device into two partitions: a secure partition and a normal partition. The secure partition may be implemented by a first physical processor, and the normal partition may be implemented by a second physical processor. Alternatively, the secure partition may be implemented by a first virtual processor, and the normal partition may be implemented by a second virtual processor. Placing sensitive resources in the secure partition can protect against possible attacks on those resources. For example, resources such as trusted software applications may run in the secure partition and have access to hardware peripherals such as a touchscreen or a secure location in memory. Less secure peripherals such as wireless radios may be disabled completely while the secure partition is being accessed, while other peripherals may only be accessed from the secure partition. While the secure partition is being accessed through the trusted execution environment, the main mobile operating system in the normal partition is suspended, and applications in the normal partition are prevented from accessing the secure peripherals and data. This prevents corrupted applications or malware applications from breaking the trust of the device.

The trusted security zone is implemented by partitioning the hardware and software resources to exist in a secure subsystem which is not accessible to components outside the secure subsystem. The trusted security zone is built into the processor architecture at the time of manufacture through hardware logic present in the trusted security zone which enables a perimeter boundary between the secure partition and the normal partition. The trusted security zone may only be manipulated by those with the proper credentials and, in an embodiment, may not be added to the chip after it is manufactured. Software architecture to support the secure partition may be provided through a dedicated secure kernel running trusted applications. Trusted applications are independent secure applications which can be accessed by normal applications through an application programming interface in the trusted execution environment on a chipset that utilizes the trusted security zone.

In an embodiment, the normal partition applications run on a first virtual processor, and the secure partition applications run on a second virtual processor. Both virtual processors may run on a single physical processor, executing in a time-sliced fashion, removing the need for a dedicated physical security processor. Time-sliced execution comprises switching contexts between the two virtual processors to share processor resources based on tightly controlled mechanisms such as secure software instructions or hardware exceptions. The context of the currently running virtual processor is saved, the context of the virtual processor being switched to is restored, and processing is restarted in the restored virtual processor. Time-sliced execution protects the trusted security zone by stopping the execution of the normal partition while the secure partition is executing.

The two virtual processors context switch via a processor mode called monitor mode when changing the currently running virtual processor. The mechanisms by which the processor can enter monitor mode from the normal partition are tightly controlled. The entry to monitor mode can be triggered by software executing a dedicated instruction, the Secure Monitor Call (SMC) instruction, or by a subset of the hardware exception mechanisms such as hardware interrupts, which can be configured to cause the processor to switch into monitor mode. The software that executes within monitor mode then saves the context of the running virtual processor and switches to the secure virtual processor.

The trusted security zone runs a separate operating system that is not accessible to the device users. For security purposes, the trusted security zone is not open to users for installing applications, which means users do not have access to install applications in the trusted security zone. This prevents corrupted applications or malware applications from executing powerful instructions reserved to the trusted security zone and thus preserves the trust of the device. The security of the system is achieved at least in part by partitioning the hardware and software resources of the mobile phone so they exist in one of two partitions, the secure partition for the security subsystem and the normal partition for everything else. Placing the trusted security zone in the secure partition and restricting access from the normal partition protects against software and basic hardware attacks. Hardware logic ensures that no secure partition resources can be accessed by the normal partition components or applications. A dedicated secure partition operating system runs in a virtual processor separate from the normal partition operating system that likewise executes in its own virtual processor. Users may install applications on the mobile device which may execute in the normal partition operating system described above. The trusted security zone runs a separate operating system for the secure partition that is installed by the mobile device manufacturer or vendor, and users are not able to install new applications in or alter the contents of the trusted security zone.

Turning now to FIG. 1a, a system 100 is described. The system 100 comprises a first user equipment (UE) 102 that comprises a radio frequency transceiver (RF XCVR) 103, a processor 104, and a memory 106. The memory 106 further comprises a processing application 108 that further comprises a validation message 109, a short message 110 and a trust log 111. The system 100 further comprises a second UE 112, two enhanced node Bs (eNBs) 113a and 113b, a network 114 and a communication terminal 118 that comprises a short message application 119. The network 114 further comprises a plurality of nodes such as the nodes 116a, 116b, and 116c.

In an embodiment, the first UE 102 via the processing application 108 sends messages to the second UE 112. The messages may be short messages like the short message 110. The short message 110 may be a short message service (SMS) message, a multimedia message service (MMS) message, an instant message (IM) message, a validation message like the validation message 109, or other types of messages. The first and second UEs 102/112 may be mobile phones, smart phones, media players, wearable computers, headset computers, and other devices. The radio frequency transceiver 103 may provide a wireless link to the eNBs 113a/113b. The processor 104 may execute processes of the processing application 108, and the memory 106 may store the processing application 108. The processing application 108 may execute functionality where it establishes and tears down a secure communication link from the first UE 102 to the second UE 112 and transmission of messages such as the validation message 109 and the short message 110 over the secure communication link from the first UE 102 to the second UE 112. In an embodiment, secure communication is demonstrated by communication occurring via a trusted communication pathway. The communication link may be a temporary trusted communication pathway that is comprised of a plurality of nodes, such as the nodes 116a and 116c operating in trusted operation mode that are a part of the network 114. Said in other words, the nodes 116 may be substantially similar, but in the state depicted in FIG. 1, nodes 116a and 116c are operating in a trusted operation mode while node 116b is operating in a normal operation mode. At a different time, when the network 114 is in a different state, the nodes 116a and 116c may be operating in normal operation mode. Likewise, at a different time, the node 116b may then be operating in a trusted operation mode.

Alternatively, in an embodiment, only the nodes in the secure communication link that are at the edges of the network 114 (e.g., the node coupled to the first eNB 113a and the node coupled to the second eNB 113b) operate in the trusted operation mode while the other nodes in the secure communication link between the two edge nodes may operate in the normal operation mode. In an embodiment, the communication link between the edge nodes may be established by a virtual private network (VPN) resource within the network 114.

The network 114 comprises a plurality of nodes such as the nodes 116a, 116b, and 116c. The network 114 may comprise other nodes, servers, and devices unrelated to the secure short message transmission communications taught by the present disclosure. Some nodes may operate in trusted operation mode such as the nodes 116a and 116c which are denoted with the letter “T,” or not in trusted operation mode or normal operation mode such as the node 116b which is denoted by the letter “N.” The nodes may be routers or other devices suitable for implementing the set-up of the trusted communication link from the first UE 102 and the second UE 112.

The enhanced node Bs 113a/113b may provide a wireless communication link to the first and second UEs 102/112, respectively. In an embodiment, the eNBs 113a/113b may provide a wireless communication link to the UEs 102/112 according to one or more of a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless protocol, a global system for mobile communications (GSM) wireless protocol, a long term evolution (LTE) wireless protocol, a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) wireless protocol, a WiFi protocol, a Bluetooth® protocol, or another wireless communication protocol. While two UEs 102/112, one network 114, and two eNBs 113a/113b are illustrated in FIG. 1a, it is understood that the system 100 may comprise any number of UEs 102/112, network 114, and eNBs 113a/113b. It is understood that, in an embodiment, the eNB 113 may be a base transceiver station (BTS).

The second UE 112 may receive messages from the first UE 102. In an embodiment, the second UE 112 may validate that messages received from the first UE 102 are from the first UE 102 and have been transmitted over the trusted communication link. The first UE 102 and the second UE 112 may be communicatively coupled via the network 114. The network 114 may be a private communication network, a public communication network, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the second UE 112 may send secure short messages to the first UE 102 as described herein for sending secure messages from the first UE 102 to the second UE 112. Additionally, in an embodiment, the communication terminal 118 executing the short message application 119 may send secure short messages to the first UE 102 as described herein for sending secure messages from the first UE 102 to the second UE 112. In an embodiment, the first UE 102 may communicate with the communication terminal 118 without going through the second UE 112. The communication terminal may be a UE like the second UE 112, or it may be a server that executes an application such as the short message application 119 that is suitable for implementation of trusted communication such as the communicative coupling between the first UE 102 and the second UE 112.

In an embodiment, the processing application 108 is executed by the processor 104 of the first UE 102. The processing application 108 establishes the trusted communication link to the second UE 112. The trusted communication link may be a temporary trusted communication pathway that is comprised of the plurality of nodes operating in trusted operation mode such as the nodes 116a and 116c that are a part of the network 114. The processing application 108 may desire to send the validation message 109 and the short message 110 over a trusted pathway to the second UE 112 in order to protect the contents of the short message 110 from outside parties that may spy on the short message 110. If the processing application 108 is unable to establish the trusted communication link, the processing application 108 may not transmit the short message 110 to prevent the contents of the short message 110 from being spied on by outside parties. In an embodiment, the validation message 109 may be used by the processing application 108 to establish the trusted communication link to the second UE 112. In an embodiment, the validation message 109 may be sent to the communication terminal 118 directly, and avoid sending the validation message 109 to the second UE 112, all together. The validation message 109 may be sent to the first node 116a which is operating in trusted operation mode and inform the node 116a to transfer the validation message 109 to the next node that is operating in trusted operation mode, such as the node 116c. The validation message 109, if sent to a normal node such as the node 116b, may indicate to the normal node 116b that it should turn on trusted operation mode like the nodes 116a and 116c and not to send the validation message 109 until the trusted operation mode has been established and confirmed. In an embodiment, the short message 110 may be a short message service (SMS) message, a multimedia message service (MMS) message, an instant message (IM) message, or another kind of short message.

Once a trusted communication link to the second UE 112 from the first UE 102 has been established, the processing application 108 may send the validation message 109 to the second UE 112 so that secure communication between the first UE 102 and the second UE 112 is confirmed and validated. The validation message 109 may comprise a passcode that the second UE 112 may use to validate that the validation message is a message that is sent from the processing application 108. The passcode may be a security token, a personal identification number (PIN), or another form of security measure for the second UE 112 to use to validate the source of the validation message 109 and whether or not the source is a trusted source. In an embodiment, the communication terminal 118 may be able to validate the validation message 109, itself. The validation message 109 may be tagged by each of the plurality of nodes operating in trusted operation mode such as the nodes 116a and 116c that it passes through over the communication link from the processing application 108 to the second UE 112. The validation message 109 may also be tagged by the first UE 102 and the second UE 112 or the communication terminal 118. These compiled tags comprise an aggregate security signature. The contents of the aggregate security signature may comprise information of the round trips that messages between the processing application 108 and the second UE 112, when messages are delivered and/or time stamps that show when the message was received by each of the plurality of nodes operating in trusted operation mode, such as the nodes 116a and 116c, payloads that are sent and received via the communication link, identities of the parties involved in the transaction, and other factors and aspects that may be germane to the aggregate security signature. The information in the aggregate security is stored to the trust log 111 by the processing application 108.

The processing application 108 receives the validation message 109 back from the second UE 112 via the communication link. The validation message 109 comprises the aggregate security signature that shows that the validation message 109 was read and validated by the second UE 112. The processing application 108 may store the content of the aggregate security signature to the trust log 111. By storing the information of the aggregate security signature to the trust log 111, questions concerning whether the information was exchanged or not can be confirmed by referring to the trust log 111. This provides protection or indemnification for companies in case another company questions the validity of an exchange and that it occurred in trust.

The second UE 112 returns the validation message 109 to the first UE 102 along the same communication link which it determines from the aggregate security signature. With the communication link established and validity of both the first UE 102 and the second UE 112 confirmed, the first UE 102 sends the short message 110 over the communication link to the second UE 112. The short message 110 comprises a payload that the second UE 112 may want. The payload may comprise one of a message, statistics, media content, other content that is germane to the first UE 102 and the second UE 112. After sending the short message 110, the processing application 108 tears down the communication link, wherein nodes such as the nodes 116a and 116c that are operating in trusted operation mode, are instructed to return to normal operation mode like the node 116b after the short message 110 has been sent to the second UE 112.

In an example of the use of secure short message transmission, a bank employee associated with the first UE 102 (e.g., the bank employee is the user of the UE 102 and is the subscriber associated with a wireless communication service provided to the UE 102) may wish to remotely access confidential information from the bank via a computer. The user logs in to the bank system, providing a user identity and a password. This may be considered to be a first factor of authentication: something that the bank employee knows. To provide greater confidence and security, the bank system may desire to challenge the bank employee to provide a second factor of authentication to obtain access.

The bank system, via a short message application represented by the second UE 112 or the short message application 119 of the communication terminal 118, sends a short message containing a string of alphanumeric characters randomly generated by the bank system. The short message is sent from the second UE 112 or the communication terminal 118 to the first UE 102 using the secure short message transmission system and method described above. At the same time, the bank system challenges the bank employee to enter in a user interface screen on the computer a character string sent to the UE of record for this bank employee. The employee opens the short message on his or her UE 102, reads the character string, and enters the character string into the challenge input window on the computer screen. The bank system verifies the returned character string and grants access to the bank employee's computer. This may be referred to as a second authentication factor and may be said to correspond to something the bank employee has or possesses. The thing the employee has is his or her private (or enterprise provided) UE 102. To hack into the bank system, a cybercriminal would need the something known by the bank employee—the user identity and password—and would need the something possessed by the bank employee—the UE 102 associated to the bank employee.

In FIG. 1b, a substantially similar system to the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1a is disclosed. The substantially similar system comprises all of the components of the system 100. There is however, a small difference in the communication pathway represented from the first user equipment (UE) 102 to the second UE 112 or the communication terminal 118. The trusted communication pathway shows that the first node that is communicatively coupled with the first enhanced node B (eNB) 113a is a node that is operating in trusted operation mode, but the next node, the node 116a, is operating in a normal operating mode and the node after that is also operating in a normal operation mode before reaching the node 116c which is operating in a trusted operation mode. This iteration of the communication pathway illustrates that so long as the first and last node on the communication pathway are operating in trusted operation mode, the communication pathway is still secure, as the nodes 116a, 116b, and 116c of the network 114 are inherently trusted. The inherent trust may be established through the use of encrypted tunneling communication links within the network 114. Alternatively, the inherent trust may result from the security inherent in the network 114 (e.g., the network 114 may be deemed unhackable or otherwise impervious to unauthorized intrusion). This promotes the set-up of multiple communication pathways between the first UE 102 and the second UE 112 or the communication terminal 118.

In FIG. 2, a method 200 is described. At block 202, a user equipment (UE) establishes a communication link from the first UE to a communication terminal. At block 204, the UE sends a validation message to the communication terminal over the communication link, wherein a passcode is appended to the validation message sent to the communication terminal. The passcode may be used by the communication terminal to validate that the message came from a trusted location. The passcode may also be used as a security measure for the UE to validate the communication terminal. At block 206, the UE receives the validation message back from the communication terminal via the communication link, wherein the received validation message has an appended aggregate security signature on the message that shows that the message was read and validated by the communication terminal. At block 208, the UE sends a short message over the communication link to the communication terminal. At block 210, the UE tears down the communication link.

In FIG. 3, a method 300 is described. At block 302, a user equipment (UE) establishes a communication link from the UE to a communication terminal, wherein the communication link comprises a plurality of nodes operating in trusted operation mode. At block 304, the UE sends a validation message to the communication terminal over the communication link, wherein a passcode is appended to the validation message sent to the communication terminal, wherein the validation message is tagged by each of the nodes that it passes through over the communication link from the UE to the communication terminal, wherein the compiled tags comprises an aggregate security signature. At block 306, the UE receives the validation message back from the communication terminal via the communication link, wherein the validation messages comprises the appended security signature that shows that the message was read and validated by the communication terminal, wherein the validation message returns to the UE along the same communication link. At block 308, the UE sends a short message over the communication link from the UE to the communication terminal. At block 310, the UE tears down the communication link.

FIG. 4 depicts the user equipment (UE) 400, which is operable for implementing aspects of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure should not be limited to these implementations. Though illustrated as a mobile phone, the UE 400 may take various forms including a wireless handset, a pager, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a gaming device, or a media player. The UE 400 includes a touchscreen display 402 having a touch-sensitive surface for input by a user. A small number of application icons 404 are illustrated within the touch screen display 402. It is understood that in different embodiments, any number of application icons 404 may be presented in the touch screen display 402. In some embodiments of the UE 400, a user may be able to download and install additional applications on the UE 400, and an icon associated with such downloaded and installed applications may be added to the touch screen display 402 or to an alternative screen. The UE 400 may have other components such as electro-mechanical switches, speakers, camera lenses, microphones, input and/or output connectors, and other components as are well known in the art. The UE 400 may present options for the user to select, controls for the user to actuate, and/or cursors or other indicators for the user to direct. The UE 400 may further accept data entry from the user, including numbers to dial or various parameter values for configuring the operation of the handset. The UE 400 may further execute one or more software or firmware applications in response to user commands. These applications may configure the UE 400 to perform various customized functions in response to user interaction. Additionally, the UE 400 may be programmed and/or configured over-the-air, for example from a wireless base station, a wireless access point, or a peer UE 400. The UE 400 may execute a web browser application which enables the touch screen display 402 to show a web page. The web page may be obtained via wireless communications with a base transceiver station, a wireless network access node, a peer UE 400 or any other wireless communication network or system.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the UE 400. While a variety of known components of handsets are depicted, in an embodiment a subset of the listed components and/or additional components not listed may be included in the UE 400. The UE 400 includes a digital signal processor (DSP) 502 and a memory 504. As shown, the UE 400 may further include an antenna and front end unit 506, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 508, a baseband processing unit 510, a microphone 512, an earpiece speaker 514, a headset port 516, an input/output interface 518, a removable memory card 520, a universal serial bus (USB) port 522, an infrared port 524, a vibrator 526, one or more electro-mechanical switches 528, a touch screen liquid crystal display (LCD) with a touch screen display 530, a touch screen/LCD controller 532, a camera 534, a camera controller 536, and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 538. In an embodiment, the UE 400 may include another kind of display that does not provide a touch sensitive screen. In an embodiment, the UE 400 may include both the touch screen display 530 and additional display component that does not provide a touch sensitive screen. In an embodiment, the DSP 502 may communicate directly with the memory 504 without passing through the input/output interface 518. Additionally, in an embodiment, the UE 400 may comprise other peripheral devices that provide other functionality.

The DSP 502 or some other form of controller or central processing unit operates to control the various components of the UE 400 in accordance with embedded software or firmware stored in memory 504 or stored in memory contained within the DSP 502 itself. In addition to the embedded software or firmware, the DSP 502 may execute other applications stored in the memory 504 or made available via information carrier media such as portable data storage media like the removable memory card 520 or via wired or wireless network communications. The application software may comprise a compiled set of machine-readable instructions that configure the DSP 502 to provide the desired functionality, or the application software may be high-level software instructions to be processed by an interpreter or compiler to indirectly configure the DSP 502.

The DSP 502 may communicate with a wireless network via the analog baseband processing unit 510. In some embodiments, the communication may provide Internet connectivity, enabling a user to gain access to content on the Internet and to send and receive e-mail or text messages. The input/output interface 518 interconnects the DSP 502 and various memories and interfaces. The memory 504 and the removable memory card 520 may provide software and data to configure the operation of the DSP 502. Among the interfaces may be the USB port 522 and the infrared port 524. The USB port 522 may enable the UE 400 to function as a peripheral device to exchange information with a personal computer or other computer system. The infrared port 524 and other optional ports such as a Bluetooth® interface or an IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless interface may enable the UE 400 to communicate wirelessly with other nearby handsets and/or wireless base stations. In an embodiment, the UE 400 may comprise a near field communication (NFC) transceiver. The NFC transceiver may be used to complete payment transactions with point-of-sale terminals or other communications exchanges. In an embodiment, the UE 400 may comprise a radio frequency identify (RFID) reader and/or writer device.

The switches 528 may couple to the DSP 502 via the input/output interface 518 to provide one mechanism for the user to provide input to the UE 400. Alternatively, one or more of the switches 528 may be coupled to a motherboard of the UE 400 and/or to components of the UE 400 via a different path (e.g., not via the input/output interface 518), for example coupled to a power control circuit (power button) of the UE 400. The touch screen display 530 is another input mechanism, which further displays text and/or graphics to the user. The touch screen LCD controller 532 couples the DSP 502 to the touch screen display 530. The GPS receiver 538 is coupled to the DSP 502 to decode global positioning system signals, thereby enabling the UE 400 to determine its position.

FIG. 6A illustrates a software environment 602 that may be implemented by the DSP 502. The DSP 502 executes operating system software 604 that provides a platform from which the rest of the software operates. The operating system software 604 may provide a variety of drivers for the handset hardware with standardized interfaces that are accessible to application software. The operating system software 604 may be coupled to and interact with application management services (AMS) 606 that transfer control between applications running on the UE 400. Also shown in FIG. 6A are a web browser application 608, a media player application 610, and JAVA applets 612. The web browser application 608 may be executed by the UE 400 to browse content and/or the Internet, for example when the UE 400 is coupled to a network via a wireless link. The web browser application 608 may permit a user to enter information into forms and select links to retrieve and view web pages. The media player application 610 may be executed by the UE 400 to play audio or audiovisual media. The JAVA applets 612 may be executed by the UE 400 to provide a variety of functionality including games, utilities, and other functionality.

FIG. 6B illustrates an alternative software environment 620 that may be implemented by the DSP 502. The DSP 502 executes operating system kernel (OS kernel) 628 and an execution runtime 630. The DSP 502 executes applications 622 that may execute in the execution runtime 630 and may rely upon services provided by the application framework 624. Applications 622 and the application framework 624 may rely upon functionality provided via the libraries 626.

FIG. 7 illustrates a computer system 380 suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein. The computer system 380 includes a processor 382 (which may be referred to as a central processor unit or CPU) that is in communication with memory devices including secondary storage 384, read only memory (ROM) 386, random access memory (RAM) 388, input/output (I/O) devices 390, and network connectivity devices 392. The processor 382 may be implemented as one or more CPU chips.

It is understood that by programming and/or loading executable instructions onto the computer system 380, at least one of the CPU 382, the RAM 388, and the ROM 386 are changed, transforming the computer system 380 in part into a particular machine or apparatus having the novel functionality taught by the present disclosure. It is fundamental to the electrical engineering and software engineering arts that functionality that can be implemented by loading executable software into a computer can be converted to a hardware implementation by well-known design rules. Decisions between implementing a concept in software versus hardware typically hinge on considerations of stability of the design and numbers of units to be produced rather than any issues involved in translating from the software domain to the hardware domain. Generally, a design that is still subject to frequent change may be preferred to be implemented in software, because re-spinning a hardware implementation is more expensive than re-spinning a software design. Generally, a design that is stable that will be produced in large volume may be preferred to be implemented in hardware, for example in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), because for large production runs the hardware implementation may be less expensive than the software implementation. Often a design may be developed and tested in a software form and later transformed, by well-known design rules, to an equivalent hardware implementation in an application specific integrated circuit that hardwires the instructions of the software. In the same manner as a machine controlled by a new ASIC is a particular machine or apparatus, likewise a computer that has been programmed and/or loaded with executable instructions may be viewed as a particular machine or apparatus.

Additionally, after the system 380 is turned on or booted, the CPU 382 may execute a computer program or application. For example, the CPU 382 may execute software or firmware stored in the ROM 386 or stored in the RAM 388. In some cases, on boot and/or when the application is initiated, the CPU 382 may copy the application or portions of the application from the secondary storage 384 to the RAM 388 or to memory space within the CPU 382 itself, and the CPU 382 may then execute instructions that the application is comprised of. In some cases, the CPU 382 may copy the application or portions of the application from memory accessed via the network connectivity devices 392 or via the I/O devices 390 to the RAM 388 or to memory space within the CPU 382, and the CPU 382 may then execute instructions that the application is comprised of. During execution, an application may load instructions into the CPU 382, for example load some of the instructions of the application into a cache of the CPU 382. In some contexts, an application that is executed may be said to configure the CPU 382 to do something, e.g., to configure the CPU 382 to perform the function or functions promoted by the subject application. When the CPU 382 is configured in this way by the application, the CPU 382 becomes a specific purpose computer or a specific purpose machine.

The secondary storage 384 is typically comprised of one or more disk drives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data and as an over-flow data storage device if RAM 388 is not large enough to hold all working data. Secondary storage 384 may be used to store programs which are loaded into RAM 388 when such programs are selected for execution. The ROM 386 is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution. ROM 386 is a non-volatile memory device which typically has a small memory capacity relative to the larger memory capacity of secondary storage 384. The RAM 388 is used to store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to both ROM 386 and RAM 388 is typically faster than to secondary storage 384. The secondary storage 384, the RAM 388, and/or the ROM 386 may be referred to in some contexts as computer readable storage media and/or non-transitory computer readable media.

I/O devices 390 may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, or other well-known input devices.

The network connectivity devices 392 may take the form of modems, modem banks, Ethernet cards, universal serial bus (USB) interface cards, serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) cards, wireless local area network (WLAN) cards, radio transceiver cards that promote radio communications using protocols such as code division multiple access (CDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), long-term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), near field communications (NFC), radio frequency identity (RFID), and/or other air interface protocol radio transceiver cards, and other well-known network devices. These network connectivity devices 392 may enable the processor 382 to communicate with the Internet or one or more intranets. With such a network connection, it is contemplated that the processor 382 might receive information from the network, or might output information to the network in the course of performing the above-described method steps. Such information, which is often represented as a sequence of instructions to be executed using processor 382, may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave.

Such information, which may include data or instructions to be executed using processor 382 for example, may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data baseband signal or signal embodied in a carrier wave. The baseband signal or signal embedded in the carrier wave, or other types of signals currently used or hereafter developed, may be generated according to several methods well-known to one skilled in the art. The baseband signal and/or signal embedded in the carrier wave may be referred to in some contexts as a transitory signal.

The processor 382 executes instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts which it accesses from hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk (these various disk based systems may all be considered secondary storage 384), flash drive, ROM 386, RAM 388, or the network connectivity devices 392. While only one processor 382 is shown, multiple processors may be present. Thus, while instructions may be discussed as executed by a processor, the instructions may be executed simultaneously, serially, or otherwise executed by one or multiple processors. Instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts, and/or data that may be accessed from the secondary storage 384, for example, hard drives, floppy disks, optical disks, and/or other device, the ROM 386, and/or the RAM 388 may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory instructions and/or non-transitory information.

In an embodiment, the computer system 380 may comprise two or more computers in communication with each other that collaborate to perform a task. For example, but not by way of limitation, an application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of the instructions of the application. Alternatively, the data processed by the application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of different portions of a data set by the two or more computers. In an embodiment, virtualization software may be employed by the computer system 380 to provide the functionality of a number of servers that is not directly bound to the number of computers in the computer system 380. For example, virtualization software may provide twenty virtual servers on four physical computers. In an embodiment, the functionality disclosed above may be provided by executing the application and/or applications in a cloud computing environment. Cloud computing may comprise providing computing services via a network connection using dynamically scalable computing resources. Cloud computing may be supported, at least in part, by virtualization software. A cloud computing environment may be established by an enterprise and/or may be hired on an as-needed basis from a third party provider. Some cloud computing environments may comprise cloud computing resources owned and operated by the enterprise as well as cloud computing resources hired and/or leased from a third party provider.

In an embodiment, some or all of the functionality disclosed above may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may comprise one or more computer readable storage medium having computer usable program code embodied therein to implement the functionality disclosed above. The computer program product may comprise data structures, executable instructions, and other computer usable program code. The computer program product may be embodied in removable computer storage media and/or non-removable computer storage media. The removable computer readable storage medium may comprise, without limitation, a paper tape, a magnetic tape, magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid state memory chip, for example analog magnetic tape, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) disks, floppy disks, jump drives, digital cards, multimedia cards, and others. The computer program product may be suitable for loading, by the computer system 380, at least portions of the contents of the computer program product to the secondary storage 384, to the ROM 386, to the RAM 388, and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system 380. The processor 382 may process the executable instructions and/or data structures in part by directly accessing the computer program product, for example by reading from a CD-ROM disk inserted into a disk drive peripheral of the computer system 380. Alternatively, the processor 382 may process the executable instructions and/or data structures by remotely accessing the computer program product, for example by downloading the executable instructions and/or data structures from a remote server through the network connectivity devices 392. The computer program product may comprise instructions that promote the loading and/or copying of data, data structures, files, and/or executable instructions to the secondary storage 384, to the ROM 386, to the RAM 388, and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system 380.

In some contexts, the secondary storage 384, the ROM 386, and the RAM 388 may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium or a computer readable storage media. A dynamic RAM embodiment of the RAM 388, likewise, may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium in that while the dynamic RAM receives electrical power and is operated in accordance with its design, for example during a period of time during which the computer system 380 is turned on and operational, the dynamic RAM stores information that is written to it. Similarly, the processor 382 may comprise an internal RAM, an internal ROM, a cache memory, and/or other internal non-transitory storage blocks, sections, or components that may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory computer readable media or computer readable storage media.

While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted or not implemented.

Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.