Projection zoom lens and camera

Description

PRIORITY

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/095,161, filed Apr. 11, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,835,835, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/146,130, filed Apr. 10, 2015. Each of these priority applications is incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

For more than twenty years, DLP projection display systems have offered smooth (at 1080p resolution), jitter-free images with excellent geometry and grayscale linearity and usually excellent ANSI contrast. The light from the projected image is not inherently polarized. New LED and laser DLP display systems more or less eliminate the need for lamp replacement. DLP offers affordable 3D projection display from a single unit and can be used with both active and passive 3D solutions.

DLP systems are typically lighter weight than LCD and plasma televisions. Unlike their LCD and plasma counterparts, DLP screens do not rely on fluids as their projection medium and are therefore not limited in size by their inherent mirror mechanisms, making them ideal for increasingly larger high-definition theater and venue screens. DLP projectors can process up to 7 separate colors, giving them a wide color gamut.

However, rear projection DLP TVs are not as thin as LCD or plasma flat-panel displays (although approximately comparable in weight). Dithering noise may be noticeable, especially in dark image areas. Newer chip generations have less noise than older ones. Error-diffusion artifacts are sometimes caused by averaging a shade over different pixels, since one pixel often cannot render the shade exactly. Response time in video games may be affected by upscaling lag. While HDTVs typically have some lag when upscaling lower resolution input to their native resolution, DLPs are commonly reported to have longer delays. Newer consoles such as the Wii do not have this problem as long as they are connected with HD-capable cables.

DLP images that are displayed have to be viewed at a reduced viewing angle as compared to direct-view technologies such as CRT, plasma, and LCD. DLP systems may use more electricity, and generate more heat, than competing technologies. Some people may be able to observe a phenomenon in which the projected contents appear to be cycling through its colors for the duration of the presentation. This is most easily seen by using a camera's ‘live view’ mode on projected content.

It is desired to have a projection zoom lens assembly that offers enhanced high resolution projection of images with low distortion and low chromatic aberration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a plot of transmission versus wavelength for an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a side view of a projection lens assembly outline and mounting in accordance with certain embodiments.

FIGS. 3A-3C schematically illustrate side views of optical elements of a projection zoom assembly for three relative positions of two movable zoom lens groups in accordance with certain embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES

Table 1 includes object specifications for an example projection zoom lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 2 includes imaging details for an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 3 includes projected resolution details for an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 4 includes illumination details for an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 5 includes operating details for an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 6 includes an optical prescription for an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 7 includes example specification data for a projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 8 includes example aperture data and edge definitions for a projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 9 lists refractive indices for certain glasses that may be used in certain lenses in an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 10 includes five example zoom positions of an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 11 includes zoom characteristics of the five zoom positions of Table 10 for an example projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Table 12 includes example imaging characteristics of a projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

A projection zoom lens assembly is provided for a digital cinema projection system. A first optical group includes one or more wide angle lenses for projecting digital cinema images. A second optical group includes a set of zoom optical groups each comprising two or more lenses, including a first movable zoom group, a second movable zoom group, and a fixed zoom group. A third optical group includes multiple lenses for receiving images for projection.

The first movable zoom group may be movable relative to each of the first and third optical groups and the fixed zoom group. The second movable zoom group may be movable relative to the first movable zoom group, the first and third optical groups, and the fixed zoom group.

The first optical group includes a first lens having a largest diameter among the lenses of the projection zoom lens assembly. The first optical group may include a second lens having a second largest diameter among the lenses of the projection zoom lens assembly. Lenses of the second and third optical groups may have approximately a same diameter smaller than those of the first and second lenses of the first optical group.

The second movable zoom group may include an aperture stop. The aperture stop may be disposed between a doublet and a singlet of the second movable zoom group.

The third optical group may include a doublet or a quasi-doublet or both. A quasi-doublet is referred to herein as a pair of closely-spaced lenses that are not in contact over their entire radius but may be in contact or approximately so at one or more radial locations. The third optical group may include a meniscus and a biconvex lens.

Each of the zoom optical groups may include a singlet spaced from a doublet or a quasi-doublet.

A first adjustable spacing may be defined between the first optical group and the first movable zoom group. A second adjustable spacing may be defined between the first movable zoom group and the second movable zoom group. A third adjustable spacing may be defined between the second movable zoom group and the fixed zoom group.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit axial chromatic aberrations less than 20 microns.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit lateral chromatic aberrations less than 0.75 pixels.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit lateral chromatic aberrations less than 0.5 pixels.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit distortion at 0.75 field of less than 2.5%.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit distortion at 0.95 field of less than 2.0%.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit a throw ratio range between 0.8-1.1.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit a color transmission differential of less than 8%.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit a total light transmission of greater than 90%.

The projection zoom lens assembly may exhibit a focus drift of less than 5 microns/20° C.

The projection zoom lens assembly may be configured to focus from infinity to 25 feet.

The projection zoom lens assembly may be configured such that a rotational torque of the projection zoom lens is less than 0.5 N-m.

A digital cinema projection system is also provided that includes a relay lens assembly and a projection zoom lens assembly as described above or below herein.

A zoom lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments may project a relayed image of DLP panels onto a large format screen to create an immersion cinema experience. The zoom lenses may be matched so that in certain embodiments the images from multiple channels and/or multiple panels can be overlaid.

A DLP Cinema Projection Zoom Lens assembly is described with reference to accompanying drawings and tables for use in the Digital Cinema Market.

A projection system in accordance with certain embodiments may include the following two modules: (a) an optical relay component, e.g., a lens, such as a single 1× relay lens; and (b) an optical zoom component, e.g., including two wide zoom projection lenses. This specification describes examples of a zoom lens in accordance with certain embodiments in detail. The projection system may be used within a 1.38″ diagonal enhanced 4K DLP imaging chip and may be used within 3D Digital Cinema applications. Both the relay and zoom have a sufficient large field to cover the 4K DLP panel with added offset. The throw ratio range of the projection zoom lens specified herein may in certain embodiments be in a range between 0.8-1.1.

Projection Lens Optical Design Type

The optical design type may include a dioptric projection zoom with multiple moving groups and a constant f/number thru zoom.

Object (Intermediate Image) Specifications

The object specifications for an example projection zoom in accordance with certain embodiments are listed below in Table 1.

	TABLE 1
	Panel	Nominal	Units/Notes

	Pixel pitch	7.6	Um
	Resolution	4096 × 2160	Pixels
	Pixel aspect ratio	1:1	width:height each pixel
	Panel aspect ratio	1.896:1	width:height full panel
	Intermediate image size	35.2	mm diagonal

Imaging

The imaging details for an example projection zoom in accordance with certain embodiments are listed below in Table 2.

TABLE 2
Example Embodiment

Characteristics	Nominal	Units/Notes
Design wavelengths (weights)	460 (1), 546 (2),	Nm
	620 (1)
Nominal throw distance	20	meters
Throw distance range	15-45	meters
Nominal screen width	22	meters (or 73 ft)
Throw ratio	0.8-1.1 zoom	screen width/throw
EFL
Operating range	24.9-31.9	mm, zoom, imaging requirements best effort outside
Total range with over-travel	24.0-36.0	operating range
F-number	2.5
Pupil apodization	uniform
Field size	45.25	mm. Includes +/−50% vertical shift. Horizontal shift
		is 0% at maximum vertical offset.
BFL	Minimum 5 mm air	Equivalent to back working distance (BWD).
Exit pupil location (screen side)	≤50	mm, measured from vertex of lens surface nearest the
		screen, reverse ray trace
Focus adjustment	+/−3.0	mm, externally accessible adjustment
Telecentricity	+/−1.0	degree, max, full field, tlu-u zoom
Distortion, 0.75-field	<2.5%	Chief ray relative to paraxial ray position, full field,
		over operating zoom range.
Distortion, 0.95-field	<2.0%	Chief ray relative to paraxial ray position, full field,
		over operating zoom range.
		Better than 2 pixel overlap required in corners, after
Matched pair distortion difference	|Ddistortion| < 0.11%	zoom, focus, and offset adjustments. Motion of
		internal compensation group is also allowed.
Lateral color R-G, 0.75-field	<0.50	pixel, max
Lateral color R-G, 0.95-field	<0.50	pixel, max
Lateral color B-G, 0.75-field	<0.75	pixel, max
Lateral color B-G, 0.95-field	<0.75	pixel, max
Lateral color B-R, 0.75-field	<0.75	pixel, max
Lateral color B-R, 0.95-field	<0.75	pixel, max
Axial color, R-G	|DR-G| < 20	um, relative to G, evaluated at 0.6 pupil for B = 460 nm,
		G = 546 nm, R = 620 nm, 20 m image distance
Axial color, B-G	|DB-G| < 20	um, relative to G, evaluated at 0.6 pupil for B = 460 nm,
		G = 546 nm, R = 620 nm, 20 m image distance
Individual R, G, B MTF Target 1	>95%	10 lp/mm, 0-0.9 field, <T&S> by design, at a single
(Tangential/Sagittal)		focal plane for R, G, B
Individual R, G, B MTF Target 2	>84%	30 lp/mm, 0-0.9 field, <T&S> by design, at a single
(Tangential/Sagittal)		focal plane for R, G, B
Individual R, G, B MTF Target 3	>50%	66 lp/mm, 0-0.9 field, <T&S> by design, at a single
(Tangential/Sagittal)		focal plane for R, G, B
Individual R, G, B MTF Target 4	>20%	100 lp/mm, 0-0.9 field, <T&S> by design, at a single
(Tangential/Sagittal)		focal plane for R, G, B
Image shift, vertical	+/−50%	screen height
Projected Resolution	Table 3	Table 3
Transmission	Table 4	Table 4

Projected Resolution Details

Projected resolution details for an example projection zoom in accordance with certain embodiments are provided in Table 3.

	TABLE 3
	Resolution
	Requirements	Nominal	Units/Notes
	Axis	150 lp/mm	Visual projection test at 12 m
	0.3 Field	125 lp/mm	Visual projection test at 12 m
	0.6 Field	100 lp/mm	Visual projection test at 12 m
	0.9 Field	75 lp/mm	Visual projection test at 12 m
			100 lp/mm best effort

Illumination Details

The screen illumination details for an example projection zoom in accordance with certain embodiments are listed in Table 4.

	TABLE 4
	Illumination Requirements	Nominal	Units/Notes
	Relative illumination	>75%	0.95 field
	Total light transmission	>90%	average over 440-660 nm
	Color transmission	<50%	B = 460 nm, G = 546 nm,
	differential, R-G, B-G		R = 620 nm
	Color transmission	<8%	B = 460 nm, G = 546 nm,
	differential, B-R		R = 620 nm

A transmission curve is provided in FIG. 1, including a plot of transmission versus wavelength for a projection zoom lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments.

Operating Details

Operating details for an example projection zoom in accordance with certain embodiments are listed in Table 5.

TABLE 5
Operating Requirements	Nominal	Units/Notes
ANSI contrast	>400:1	reference only
Luminous flux range	10,000-40,000	lumens, reference, laser
		compatible
Environmental	20	reference
operating temp	+15/−5 C.
Focus drift	<5	um/20 C., over environ-
		mental operating range,
		per thermal simulation
Boresight	<0.25	deg, line of sight error to
		center of display relative
		to mechanical datums
Decenter	<0.50	mm, optical axis relative
		to mechanical datums

Mechanical Details

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates outline and mounting details for an example projection zoom lens assembly including the location of the zoom and focus rings, relevant mechanical dimensions, and flange focal distance details. At infinite conjugates, the flange focal distance of the projection lens assembly may be factory set in certain embodiments at a distance of 151.50 mm±0.50 mm.

Optical Details

FIGS. 3A-3C schematically illustrate side views of optical elements within three optical groups G1, G2 and G3 from closest to furthest from the projection end of an example projection zoom assembly for three relative positions of two movable zoom lens groups ZG1 and ZG2 and a fixed zoom lens group ZG3 in accordance with certain embodiments. Table 6 includes an optical prescription for the example projection zoom assembly of FIGS. 3A-3C, including the radius of curvature of each optical surface of the example projection zoom lens assembly, the thickness of each lens, the spacings between lenses, and the glass type for each lens. Each of the projection zoom assemblies of FIGS. 3A-3C include from closest to furthest from the projection end, the first optical group G1 that includes four lenses in this example embodiment, a second optical group G2 that includes nine lenses in this example embodiment, and a third optical group G3 that includes four lenses in this example embodiment. Each lens group G1, G2 and G3 may include more or fewer than these respective numbers of lenses.

The first optical group G1 includes, from closest to further from the projection end, a first, second and third lenses each having a larger diameter than any lens to its right in the side views of FIGS. 3A-3C. Each of these first three lenses is convexo-planar or convexo-quasi-planar or convexo-concave. A fourth lens of the first optical group has a diameter that is approximately the same as the diameters of other lenses of the optical assembly within the second and third lens groups G2, G3. The first optical group is configured to project digital cinema images at a wide field, e.g., 90 degrees or more.

The second optical group G2 includes, from closest to furthest from the projection end, a first zoom group ZG1, a second zoom group ZG2, and a third zoom group ZG3. In this example, the first zoom group ZG1 includes a singlet and a quasi-doublet, the second zoom group ZG2 includes a singlet, an aperture stop and a doublet or quasi-doublet, and the third zoom group ZG3 includes a doublet or quasi-doublet and a singlet, from closest to furthest from the projection end of the projection zoom assembly.

The third optical group G3 includes, from closest to furthest from the projection end, a doublet or quasi-doublet spaced from a quasi-doublet that includes a concavo-convex meniscus and a bi-convex lens. Images are provided to the projection system from the image plane IM.

The first and second zoom groups ZG1 and ZG2 are movable in the example of FIGS. 3A-3C relative to the first and second groups G1 and G2 and relative to the third zoom group ZG3 which is fixed in this example. The first and second zoom groups ZG1 and ZG2 are also movable relative to each other. Thus, a first spacing S1 is defined between the first group G1 and the first zoom group ZG1, a second spacing S2 is defined between the first and second zoom groups ZG1 and ZG2, and a third spacing S3 is defined between the second and third zoom groups ZG2 and ZG3. Each of the spacings S1, S2 and S3 is adjustable in the example of FIGS. 3A-3C.

In the example of FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C, the spacing S1 is larger in FIG. 3A than in either of FIG. 3B or 3C, and the spacing S1 is larger in FIG. 3B than in FIG. 3C. The first movable zoom group ZG1 is positioned closer to the first optical group G1 in FIG. 3C than in either of FIG. 3A OR 3B, and the first movable zoom group ZG1 is positioned closer to the first optical group G1 in FIG. 3B than in FIG. 3A.

Also, the spacing S2 is larger in FIG. 3A than in either of FIG. 3B or 3C, and the spacing S2 is larger in FIG. 3B than in FIG. 3C. The second movable zoom group ZG2 is positioned closer to the first movable zoom group ZG1 in FIG. 3C than in either of FIG. 3A or 3B, and the second movable zoom group ZG2 is positioned closer to the first movable zoom group ZG1 in FIG. 3B than in FIG. 3A.

Also, the spacing S3 is larger in FIG. 3C than in either of FIG. 3A or 3B, and the spacing S3 is larger in FIG. 3B than in FIG. 3A. The second movable zoom group ZG2 is positioned closer to the third zoom group ZG3 in FIG. 3A than in either of FIG. 3B OR 3C, and the second movable zoom group ZG2 is positioned closer to the third zoom group ZG3 in FIG. 3B than in FIG. 3C.

FIGS. 3A-3C demonstrate that the first movable zoom group in this example embodiment is independently movable relative to the lens groups G1, ZG2, ZG3 and G3. FIGS. 3A-3C also demonstrate that the second movable zoom group in this example embodiment is independently movable relative to the lens groups G1, ZG1, ZG3 and G3. While in certain embodiments, the lens groups G1, ZG3 and G3 may be fixed, one or more of the lens groups G1, ZG3 or G3 may be movable and/or one or more subsets of any of the lens groups G1, ZG1, ZG2, ZG3 or G3 may be movable translationally and/or rotationally. In addition, one or more lenses may be replaceable with one or more respective replacement lenses having one or more different optical properties.

Zoom Mechanism

Drive Mechanism

The projection lens zoom operation may be achieved via rotation of the zoom ring.

Rotation Direction

The rotation angle of the projection lens to achieve the entire zoom range may be 90°. The rotation direction from short focal length to long focal length may be clockwise when viewed from the projector side.

Rotational Movement

The rotational movement of the projection lens may be smooth in operation without rattles, squeaks, or binding.

Rotational Torque

The rotational torque of the projection lens zoom function in certain embodiments may be less than ≤0.5N-m.

Zoom Range Scale

In certain embodiments, there are no markings on the zoom ring of the projection lens.

Zoom Gear Ring

The projection lens zoom may include a gear ring in certain embodiments.

Focus Mechanism

Focusing System

The projection lens may have a front group focus via a focus helix.

Operating Focusing Range

The projection lens may have the ability to focus from infinity (collimated) down to 25 feet (7.6 meters).

Rotational Direction

The focus rotation angle of the projection lens assembly may be 180° over the operating range. Rotation direction for infinity to NEAR may be clockwise when viewed from the projector side.

Rotational Movement

The rotational movement of the projection lens may be smooth in operation without rattles, squeaks, or binding.

Rotational Torque

The rotational torque of the projection lens zoom function may in certain embodiments be less than ≤0.5N-m.

Focus Gear Ring

The projection lens focus may include a gear ring.

Projection Lens Assembly Weight

The weight of the projection lens assembly without motors, bracket, or mounting flange may be less than 7 lbs in certain embodiments.

Reliability

Shock

A projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments may be configured such that it does not suffer from degradation in performance after exposure to a shock of 70G (980 m/s) of half sine wave impact when the lens is contained in the minimum unit packaging condition. The impacts maybe applied in six directions one at a time (six impacts total).

Vibration

The projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments may be configured such that it does not suffer degradation in performance after exposure to sine wave vibration of frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 60 Hz in steps of 4 Hz. The vibration may be applied for 2 minutes at each frequency with amplitude of 1 mm and applied on the three orthogonal axes with a maximum duration of 20 minutes in one direction.

Low Temperature Storage

A projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments may be configured such that it does not suffer degradation in performance after being stored at −40° C. for a period of 24 hours.

High Temperature Storage

A projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments may be configured such that it does not suffer degradation in performance after being stored at +70° C. for a period of 24 hours.

High Temperature and High Humidity Storage

A projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments may be configured such that it does not suffer degradation in performance after being left under ambient temperature for 8 hours subsequent to storage at +50° C. and with 90% humidity for 240 hours.

Operating Temperature

A projection lens assembly in accordance with certain embodiments is configured to be capable of normal performance over an operating temperature range of 20° C. to 35° C.

Cemented Optical Interfaces

In certain embodiments, there are no cemented interfaces allowed in the projection lens.

Operating Humidity

Over the operating temperature range, the projection lens assembly may be capable of normal performance over an operating humidity range of 20% to 60%.

Cosmetic Quality

The outer lens barrel may be considered a non-decorative or “Class B” and inspected per the definition and criteria below.

The projection lens outer metal may be inspected at a distance of 457 mm (18″) and each section viewed for a maximum of four seconds. The lighting condition may be in accordance with CIE Standard Illuminant A with approximately 80-120 foot candles illuminating the part. The light source may be diffuse in certain embodiments. The projection lens assembly may be configured to be unpacked, handled, inspected and repacked using suitable gloves that will not stain the finish of the lens due to any finger oils present. The projection lens assembly may be configured such that it ought not be placed on a hard surface or be allowed to sit in an open area for more than 30 minutes before inspection. Lenses may be configured such that they ought not be stacked next to each other unless suitable separation and protection such as plastic separators are in place.

TABLE 6
Example Optical Prescription
WFOV DLP Zoom (25 mm, f/2.5, 45 mm)

	RDY	THI	RMD	GLA	CCY	THC	GLC

>OBJ:	INFINITY	12192.000000			100	100
1:	110.00000	12.875000		SLAL18_OHARA	100	100

SLB: “G1”

2:	288.50000	0.252000			100	100
3:	104.25000	2.800000		SNPH1_OHARA	100	100
4:	37.67500	15.356000			100	100
5:	122.62000	2.800000		SPHM52_OHARA	100	100
6:	43.47500	11.522000			100	100
7:	−1160.00000	2.800000		SPHM52_OHARA	100	100
8:	65.70000	12.196000			100	100
9:	INFINITY	21.101220			100	100

SLB: “ZCT1”

10:

250.00000

7.500000

SNBH53_OHARA

100

100

SLB: “ZG1”

11:	−134.35000	27.261000			100	100
12:	242.00000	2.800000		SFPL51_OHARA	100	100
13:	47.35000	4.890000			100	100
14:	141.60000	5.000000		SNPH1_OHARA	100	100
15:	−2000.00000	17.305000			100	100
16:	INFINITY	14.574566			100	100

SLB: “ZCT2”

17:

86.50000

9.180000

SFPL51_OHARA

100

100

SLB: “ZG2”

18:	−73.10000	4.150000			100	100
STO:	INFINITY	4.923000			100	100
20:	2000.00000	2.500000		SNBH5_OHARA	100	100
21:	50.00000	1.409000			100	100
22:	56.20000	10.000000		SFPL51_OHARA	100	100
23:	−81.82000	2.677000			100	100
24:	INFINITY	8.007804			100	100

SLB: “ZCT3”

25:

−45.70000

2.800000

SNBH52_OHARA

100

100

SLB: “ZG3”

26:	480.00000	0.491000			100	100
27:	298.00000	8.927000		SFPL51_OHARA	100	100
28:	−56.84000	2.998000			100	100
29:	INFINITY	2.258540			100	100

SLB: “ZCT4”

30:

69.00000

9.675000

SFPL51_OHARA

100

100

SLB: “G2”

31:	−196.25000	0.448000			100	100
32:	50.00000	12.040000		SFPL51_OHARA	100	100
33:	−116.00000	0.250000			100	100
34:	−152.00000	2.800000		SNBH52_OHARA	100	100
35:	40.50000	30.210000			100	100
36:	−29.45000	2.800000		SLAH66_OHARA	100	100
37:	−43.65000	0.253000			100	100
38:	79.37000	8.920000		SLAL18_OHARA	100	100
39:	−140.25000	7.506000			100	100

SLB: “LAST”

IMG:	INFINITY	0.000000			100	100

TABLE 7
Example Specification Data

FNO	2.50000
DIM	MM

WL	620.00	546.00	460.00
REF	2
WTW	1	2	1
XIM	0.00000	0.00000	0.00000	0.00000
YIM	0.00000	11.31000	16.96500	22.62000
WTF	1.00000	1.00000	1.00000	1.00000
VUX	0.00000	−0.06249	−0.13627	−0.23749
VLX	0.00000	−0.06249	−0.13627	−0.23749
VUY	0.00000	−0.21599	−0.53249	−1.11952
VLY	0.00000	−0.19973	−0.50037	−0.50009
POL	N

TABLE 8
Example Aperture Data/Edge Definitions

	CA
	CIR S1	55.000000
	CIR S2	52.750000
	CIR S3	43.750000
	CIR S4	32.500000
	CIR S5	32.000000
	CIR S6	28.000000
	CIR S7	28.000000
	CIR S8	27.000000
	CIR S10	27.850000
	CIR S11	27.850000
	CIR 512	23.500000
	CIR 513	22.500000
	CIR 514	22.500000
	CIR 515	22.500000
	CIR 517	22.000000
	CIR 518	22.000000
	CIR S20	20.400000
	CIR 521	20.400000
	CIR S22	20.600000
	CIR S23	20.600000
	CIR S25	21.000000
	CIR S26	22.500000
	CIR S27	23.325000
	CIR S28	23.325000
	CIR S30	26.000000
	CIR 531	26.000000
	CIR S32	24.625000
	CIR S33	24.625000
	CIR S34	23.325000
	CIR S35	20.800000
	CIR S36	20.800000
	CIR S37	23.325000
	CIR S38	24.500000
	CIR S39	24.500000
	CIR S40	22.620135
	CIR S1 EDG	56.000000
	CIR S2 EDG	56.000000
	CIR S3 EDG	45.000000
	CIR S4 EDG	45.000000
	CIR S5 EDG	33.500000
	CIR S6 EDG	33.500000
	CIR S7 EDG	29.000000
	CIR S8 EDG	29.000000
	CIR S10 EDG	29.000000
	CIR S11 EDG	29.000000
	CIR 512 EDG	25.000000
	CIR 513 EDG	25.000000
	CIR 514 EDG	23.500000
	CIR 515 EDG	23.500000
	CIR 517 EDG	23.500000
	CIR 518 EDG	23.500000
	CIR S20 EDG	22.500000
	CIR 521 EDG	22.500000
	CIR S22 EDG	22.500000
	CIR S23 EDG	22.500000
	CIR S25 EDG	23.000000
	CIR S26 EDG	23.000000
	CIR S27 EDG	24.500000
	CIR S28 EDG	24.500000
	CIR S30 EDG	27.250000
	CIR 531 EDG	27.250000
	CIR S32 EDG	26.000000
	CIR S33 EDG	26.000000
	CIR S34 EDG	24.500000
	CIR S35 EDG	24.500000
	CIR S36 EDG	24.500000
	CIR S37 EDG	24.500000
	CIR S38 EDG	26.000000
	CIR S39 EDG	26.000000

TABLE 9
Refractive Indices

GLASS CODE	620.00	546.00	460.00
SNPH1_OHARA	1.802867	1.816450	1.843877
SFPL51_OHARA	1.496049	1.498457	1.502796
SLAL18_OHARA	1.727086	1.732342	1.741895
SNBH52_OHARA	1.670317	1.677193	1.690210
SNBH53_OHARA	1.734552	1.743423	1.760519
SPHM52_OHARA	1.616486	1.620332	1.627325
SLAH66_OHARA	1.770094	1.776215	1.787461
SNBH5_OHARA	1.651604	1.658034	1.670170

Example Zoom Data

TABLE 10
Example Zoom Positions

	POS	1	“WFOV DLP Zoom (25 mm, f/2.5, 45 mm)”
	POS	2	“WFOV DLP Zoom (27 mm, f/2.5, 45 mm)”
	POS	3	“WFOV DLP Zoom (29 mm, f/2.5, 45 mm)”
	POS	4	“WFOV DLP Zoom (31 mm, f/2.5, 45 mm)”
	POS	5	“WFOV DLP Zoom (32 mm, f/2.5, 45 mm)”

TABLE 11
Example Zoom Characteristics

	POS 1	POS 2	POS 3	POS 4	POS 5

VUY F1	0.2033E−10	0.1793E−10	0.4902E−10	0.7944E−10	0.2927E−11
VLY F1	0.2033E−10	0.1793E−10	0.4902E−10	0.7944E−10	0.2927E−11
VUY F2	−0.21599	−0.18183	−0.15478	−0.13299	−0.12364
VLY F2	−0.19973	−0.16979	−0.14649	−0.12288	−0.09459
VUY F3	−0.53249	−0.44066	−0.37057	−0.30906	−0.25788
VLY F3	−0.50037	−0.41763	−0.35503	−0.27383	−0.23159
VUY F4	−1.11952	−0.89543	−0.68887	−0.48267	−0.39913
VLY F4	−0.50009	−0.57741	−0.57821	−0.48305	−0.44152
VUX F1	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09
VLX F1	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09	0.1000E−09
VUX F2	−0.06249	−0.05367	−0.04655	−0.04071	−0.03817
VLX F2	−0.06249	−0.05367	−0.04655	−0.04071	−0.03817
VUX F3	−0.13627	−0.11720	−0.10182	−0.08919	−0.08371
VLX F3	−0.13627	−0.11720	−0.10182	−0.08919	−0.08371
VUX F4	−0.23749	−0.20350	−0.17650	−0.15454	−0.14505
VLX F4	−0.23749	−0.20350	−0.17650	−0.15454	−0.14505
THI S9	21.10122	16.39599	12.20234	8.40022	6.62570
THC S9	100	100	100	100	100
THI S16	14.57457	12.65307	10.97057	9.54864	8.92002
THC S16	100	100	100	100	100
THI S24	8.00780	11.98483	16.45705	21.53377	24.29253
THC S24	100	100	100	100	100
THI S29	2.25854	4.90771	6.31204	6.45941	6.10364
THC S29	100	100	100	100	100

TABLE 12
Example Imaging Characteristics

	POS 1	POS 2	POS 3	POS 4	POS 5

INFINITE CONJUGATES

EFL	25.0001	27.0002	29.0002	31.0002	32.0002
BFL	7.4611	7.4537	7.4781	7.4773	7.4677
FFL	54.7107	54.7102	54.7355	54.7753	54.7962
FNO	2.4995	2.4996	2.4996	2.4997	2.4997

AT USED CONJUGATES

RED	0.0020	0.0022	0.0024	0.0025	0.0026
FNO	2.5000	2.5000	2.5000	2.5000	2.5000
OBJ DIS	12192.0000	12192.0000	12192.0000	12192.0000	12192.0000
TT	12488.2561	12488.2556	12488.2560	12488.2560	12488.2559
IMG DIS	7.5060	7.5060	7.5060	7.5060	7.5060
OAL	288.7501	288.7496	288.7500	288.7500	288.7499

PARAXIAL IMAGE

HT	22.6200	22.6200	22.6200	22.6200	22.6200
THI	7.5122	7.5132	7.5468	7.5557	7.5513
ANG	42.1093	39.9320	37.9351	36.1017	35.2412

ENTRANCE PUPIL

DIA	10.0019	10.8019	11.6018	12.4017	12.8016
THI	56.9515	56.7396	56.5398	56.3554	56.2685

EXIT PUPIL

DIA	111.5916	143.7111	186.4766	243.3103	278.2495
THI	−271.4669	−351.7645	−458.6446	−600.7199	−688.0723
STO DIA	34.4136	36.3523	38.2632	40.1667	41.1191

Incorporation by Reference

What follows is a cite list of references which are, in addition to those references cited above and below herein, and including that which is described as background, the invention summary, brief description of the drawings, the drawings and the abstract, hereby incorporated by reference into the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, as disclosing alternative embodiments of elements or features of the preferred embodiments not otherwise set forth in detail below. A single one or a combination of two or more of these references may be consulted to obtain a variation of the preferred embodiments described in the detailed description below. Further patent, patent application and non-patent references are cited in the written description and are also incorporated by reference into the preferred embodiment with the same effect as just described with respect to the following references:

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,973,826, 6,033,079, 6,072,852, 6,147,818, 6,183,095, 6,188,513, 6,226,346, 6,262,836, 6,318,869, 6,426,506, 6,636,350, 6,864,861, 6,906,866, 6,927,901, 6,985,210, 7,009,140, 7,061,959, 7,085,075, 7,151,592, 7,190,527, 7,190,530, 7,199,922, 7,218,445, 7,237,915, 7,355,678, 7,375,798, 7,382,540, 7,450,301, 7,508,581, 7,859,748, 7,884,303, 8,362,391, and RE42,118.

The following documents are also incorporated by reference:

ANSI/NAPM IT7.228-1997 American National Standard for Audio Visual Systems, Electronic Projection-Fixed Resolution Projectors

FPDM, Jun. 1, 2001 VESA Flat Panel Display Measurements Standard, V2.0

Mil-Std-810F Test Method for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests

MIL-PRF-13830B Optical Components for Fire Control Instruments

MIL-C-675 Reflection-Reducing Films for Glass Optical Elements

While an exemplary drawings and specific embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, it is to be understood that that the scope of the present invention is not to be limited to the particular embodiments discussed. Thus, the embodiments shall be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and it should be understood that variations may be made in those embodiments by workers skilled in the arts without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In addition, in methods that may be performed according to preferred embodiments herein and that may have been described above, the operations have been described in selected typographical sequences. However, the sequences have been selected and so ordered for typographical convenience and are not intended to imply any particular order for performing the operations, except for those where a particular order may be expressly set forth or where those of ordinary skill in the art may deem a particular order to be necessary.

A group of items linked with the conjunction “and” in the above specification should not be read as requiring that each and every one of those items be present in the grouping in accordance with all embodiments of that grouping, as various embodiments will have one or more of those elements replaced with one or more others. Furthermore, although items, elements or components of the invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated to be within the scope thereof unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated or clearly understood as necessary by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The presence of broadening words and phrases such as “one or more,” “at least,” “but not limited to” or other such as phrases in some instances shall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or required in instances where such broadening phrases may be absent. The use of the term “assembly” does not imply that the components or functionality described or claimed as part of the assembly are all configured in a common package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of a assembly, e.g., optical group 1 and optical group 2, may be combined in a single package or separately maintained and may further be manufactured, assembled or distributed at or through multiple locations.

Different materials may be used to form the lenses of the optical assemblies of the several embodiments. For example, various kinds of glass and/or transparent plastic or polymeric materials may be used.