US20050128202A1
2005-06-16
10/711,181
2004-08-31
A graphics card for smoothing the playing of video includes a video capture engine for receiving a digital video signal, a memory connected to the video capture engine for storing the digital video signals captured by the video capture engine, a video display engine connected to memory for receiving digital video signals stored in the memory, and a clock generator connected to the video capture engine and the video display engine for providing the same clock to the video capture engine and the video display engine so as to synchronize the signal receiving rates of the video capture engine and the video display engine.
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G01S1/026 » CPC further
Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves; Means for monitoring or calibrating of associated receivers
G01S5/021 » CPC further
Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves; Details Calibration, monitoring or correction
G01S5/06 » CPC further
Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
G06F1/1626 » CPC further
Details not covered by groups - and; Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with a single-body enclosure integrating a flat display, e.g. Personal Digital Assistants [PDAs]
G06F1/1639 » CPC further
Details not covered by groups - and; Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers; Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups  - ; Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing the display being based on projection
G06F3/0481 » CPC further
Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements; Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer; Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
G06F21/305 » CPC further
Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity; Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals by remotely controlling device operation
G06F21/6209 » CPC further
Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity; Protecting data; Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a single file or object, e.g. in a secure envelope, encrypted and accessed using a key, or with access control rules appended to the object itself
G06F21/74 » CPC further
Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity; Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer to assure secure computing or processing of information operating in dual or compartmented mode, i.e. at least one secure mode
G06F21/88 » CPC further
Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity; Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer Detecting or preventing theft or loss
G09G5/363 » CPC further
Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory Graphics controllers
G11B20/10009 » CPC further
Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor; Digital recording or reproducing Improvement or modification of read or write signals
G11B20/10425 » CPC further
Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor; Digital recording or reproducing; Improvement or modification of read or write signals signal quality assessment jitter, timing deviations or phase and frequency errors by counting out-of-lock events of a PLL
G11B27/034 » CPC further
Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel; Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers; Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals on discs
H01L27/14625 » CPC further
Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infra-red radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Devices controlled by radiation; Imager structures; Structural or functional details thereof Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
H03L7/091 » CPC further
Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop; Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector using a sampling device
H04B7/18582 » CPC further
Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field; Relay systems; Active relay systems; Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems; Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations Arrangements for data linking, i.e. for data framing, for error recovery, for multiple access
H04B7/2628 » CPC further
Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA]
H04B7/2687 » CPC further
Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile; Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation; Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation; Time synchronisation Inter base stations synchronisation
H04B10/25754 » CPC further
Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication; Arrangements specific to fibre transmission; Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier; Optical arrangements for wireless networks; Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units Star network topology
H04J3/0655 » CPC further
Time-division multiplex systems; Details; Synchronising arrangements; Clock or time synchronisation in a network; Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation; Synchronisation among time division multiple access [TDMA] nodes, e.g. time triggered protocol [TTP] using timestamps
H04J13/0077 » CPC further
Code division multiplex systems Multicode, e.g. multiple codes assigned to one user
H04J13/16 » CPC further
Code division multiplex systems Code allocation
H04L1/0002 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received; Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
H04L1/0015 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received; Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
H04L1/0041 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control Arrangements at the transmitter end
H04L1/0057 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control; Systems characterized by the type of code used Block codes
H04L1/006 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control; Systems characterized by the type of code used; Convolutional codes Trellis-coded modulation
H04L1/0066 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control; Systems characterized by the type of code used; Concatenated codes Parallel concatenated codes
H04L1/0068 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control; Systems characterized by the type of code used; Rate matching by puncturing
H04L1/0071 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control; Systems characterized by the type of code used Use of interleaving
H04L1/1685 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals; Details of the supervisory signal the supervisory signal being transmitted in response to a specific request, e.g. to a polling signal
H04L1/1841 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals; Automatic repetition systems, e.g. van Duuren system ; ARQ protocols; Arrangements specific to the receiver end; Buffer management Resequencing
H04L1/187 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals; Automatic repetition systems, e.g. van Duuren system ; ARQ protocols; Arrangements specific to the transmitter end Details of sliding window management
H04L9/085 » CPC further
arrangements for secret or secure communications Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic ; Network security protocols; Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords; Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use Secret sharing or secret splitting, e.g. threshold schemes
H04L9/304 » CPC further
arrangements for secret or secure communications Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic ; Network security protocols; Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy based on error correction codes, e.g. McEliece
H04L12/40117 » CPC further
Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]; Bus networks; High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus Interconnection of audio or video/imaging devices
H04L12/417 » CPC further
Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]; Bus networks with decentralised control with deterministic access, e.g. token passing
H04L12/462 » CPC further
Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]; Interconnection of networks; LAN interconnection over a backbone network, e.g. Internet, Frame Relay LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone
H04L12/4641 » CPC further
Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]; Interconnection of networks Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
H04L25/03038 » CPC further
Baseband systems; Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines; Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks; Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a non-recursive structure
H04L25/03343 » CPC further
Baseband systems; Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines; Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks; Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference Arrangements at the transmitter end
H04L25/03866 » CPC further
Baseband systems; Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines; Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks; Arrangements for spectral shaping; Arrangements for providing signals with specified spectral properties using scrambling
H04L25/4902 » CPC further
Baseband systems; Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code; Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation
H04L25/4904 » CPC further
Baseband systems; Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code; Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems using self-synchronising codes, e.g. split-phase codes
H04L25/497 » CPC further
Baseband systems; Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code; Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems by correlative coding, e.g. partial response coding or echo modulation coding transmitters and receivers for partial response systems
H04L27/02 » CPC further
Modulated-carrier systems Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
H04L27/156 » CPC further
Modulated-carrier systems; Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying; Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits with demodulation using temporal properties of the received signal, e.g. detecting pulse width
H04L27/3416 » CPC further
Modulated-carrier systems; Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups , , or; Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems; Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual points belong, e.g. using coset coding, lattice coding, or related schemes
H04L41/06 » CPC further
Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
H04L41/5009 » CPC further
Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks; Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements; Managing SLA; Interaction between SLA and QoS Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
H04L41/5087 » CPC further
Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks; Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement wherein the managed service relates to voice services
H04L43/50 » CPC further
Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks Testing arrangements
H04L45/04 » CPC further
Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks; Topology update or discovery Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
H04L45/22 » CPC further
Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks Alternate routing
H04L45/24 » CPC further
Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks Multipath
H04L47/10 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks Flow control; Congestion control
H04L47/11 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control Identifying congestion
H04L47/12 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
H04L47/15 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control in relation to multipoint traffic
H04L47/193 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control at layers above the network layer at the transport layer, e.g. TCP related
H04L47/2416 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control; Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS Real-time traffic
H04L47/27 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control Evaluation or update of window size, e.g. using information derived from acknowledged [ACK] packets
H04L47/283 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
H04L47/34 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Flow control; Congestion control ensuring sequence integrity, e.g. using sequence numbers
H04L47/70 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks Admission control; Resource allocation
H04L47/72 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
H04L47/745 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Admission control; Resource allocation measures in reaction to resource unavailability Reaction in network
H04L47/765 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Admission control; Resource allocation using dynamic resource allocation, e.g. in-call renegotiation requested by the user or requested by the network in response to changing network conditions triggered by the end-points
H04L47/822 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Admission control; Resource allocation; Miscellaneous aspects Collecting or measuring resource availability data
H04L47/824 » CPC further
Traffic control in data switching networks; Admission control; Resource allocation; Miscellaneous aspects Applicable to portable or mobile terminals
H04L49/90 » CPC further
Packet switching elements Buffering arrangements
H04L49/9094 » CPC further
Packet switching elements; Buffering arrangements; Reactions to storage capacity overflow replacing packets in a storage arrangement, e.g. pushout Arrangements for simultaneous transmit and receive, e.g. simultaneous reading/writing from/to the storage element
H04L61/2553 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming; Mapping addresses of the same type; Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses; Maintenance or indexing of mapping tables Binding renewal aspects, e.g. using keep-alive messages
H04L65/1043 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication; Architectures or entities; Gateways Gateway controllers, e.g. media gateway control protocol [MGCP] controllers
H04L65/4061 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication; Support for services or applications Push-to services, e.g. push-to-talk or push-to-video
H04L67/1034 » CPC further
Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications; Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers Reaction to server failures by a load balancer
H04L69/16 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
H04L69/161 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass; Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP] Implementation details of TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack architecture; Specification of modified or new header fields
H04L69/163 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass; Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP] In-band adaptation of TCP data exchange; In-band control procedures
H04L69/166 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass; Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP] IP fragmentation; TCP segmentation
H04L69/18 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass Multiprotocol handlers, e.g. single devices capable of handling multiple protocols
H04L69/40 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
H04M1/715 » CPC further
Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers; Substation extension arrangements using two or more extensions per line
H04M1/72415 » CPC further
Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers; Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection; User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality by interfacing with external accessories for remote control of appliances
H04M3/007 » CPC further
Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges; Interface circuits for subscriber lines Access interface units for simultaneous transmission of speech and data, e.g. digital subscriber line [DSL] access interface units
H04M3/16 » CPC further
Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges with lock-out or secrecy provision in party-line systems
H04M7/0057 » CPC further
Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres; Services and arrangements where telephone services are combined with data services Services where the data services network provides a telephone service in addition or as an alternative, e.g. for backup purposes, to the telephone service provided by the telephone services network
H04M7/1295 » CPC further
Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal where the types of switching equipement comprises PSTN/ISDN equipment and switching equipment of networks other than PSTN/ISDN, e.g. Internet Protocol networks Details of dual tone multiple frequency signalling
H04N1/00957 » CPC further
Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof; Arrangements for controlling a still picture apparatus or components thereof not otherwise provided for Compiling jobs, e.g. for batch processing
H04N1/031 » CPC further
Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof; Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original for picture information pick-up with photodetectors arranged in a substantially linear array the photodetectors having a one-to-one and optically positive correspondence with the scanned picture elements, e.g. linear contact sensors
H04N1/0318 » CPC further
Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof; Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original for picture information pick-up with photodetectors arranged in a substantially linear array the photodetectors having a one-to-one and optically positive correspondence with the scanned picture elements, e.g. linear contact sensors Integral pick-up heads, i.e. self-contained heads whose basic elements are a light-source, a lens array and a photodetector array which are supported by a single-piece frame
H04N1/1934 » CPC further
Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof; Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or using multi-element arrays the array comprising a one-dimensional array, or a combination of one-dimensional arrays, or a substantially one-dimensional array, e.g. an array of staggered elements; Simultaneously or substantially simultaneously scanning picture elements on one main scanning line using electrically scanned linear arrays, e.g. linear CCD arrays Combination of arrays
H04N1/1935 » CPC further
Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof; Scanning arrangements, i.e. arrangements for the displacement of active reading or reproducing elements relative to the original or reproducing medium, or using multi-element arrays the array comprising a one-dimensional array, or a combination of one-dimensional arrays, or a substantially one-dimensional array, e.g. an array of staggered elements; Simultaneously or substantially simultaneously scanning picture elements on one main scanning line using electrically scanned linear arrays, e.g. linear CCD arrays Optical means for mapping the whole or part of a scanned line onto the array
H04N1/32106 » CPC further
Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof; Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device; Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title separate from the image data, e.g. in a different computer file
H04N1/40 » CPC further
Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof Picture signal circuits
H04N5/2257 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, TV cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules for embedding in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Television cameras ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles Mechanical and electrical details of cameras or camera modules for embedding in other devices
H04N5/23248 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, TV cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules for embedding in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Television cameras ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control ; Control of cameras comprising an electronic image sensor for stable pick-up of the scene in spite of camera body vibration
H04N5/23254 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, TV cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules for embedding in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Television cameras ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control ; Control of cameras comprising an electronic image sensor for stable pick-up of the scene in spite of camera body vibration; Motion detection based on the image signal
H04N5/23258 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, TV cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules for embedding in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Television cameras ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control ; Control of cameras comprising an electronic image sensor for stable pick-up of the scene in spite of camera body vibration; Motion detection based on additional sensors
H04N5/23267 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, TV cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules for embedding in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Television cameras ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control ; Control of cameras comprising an electronic image sensor for stable pick-up of the scene in spite of camera body vibration; Vibration or motion blur correction performed by a processor, e.g. controlling the readout of an image memory
H04N5/2327 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, TV cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules for embedding in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Television cameras ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control ; Control of cameras comprising an electronic image sensor for stable pick-up of the scene in spite of camera body vibration; Vibration or motion blur correction performed by controlling the image sensor readout, e.g. by controlling the integration time
H04N5/272 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment ; Cameras comprising an electronic image sensor, e.g. digital cameras, video cameras, TV cameras, video cameras, camcorders, webcams, camera modules for embedding in other devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers or vehicles; Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
H04N5/4448 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for frame-grabbing
H04N5/46 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for receiving on more than one standard at will
H04N5/64 » CPC further
Details of television systems Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers
H04N5/642 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Constructional details of receivers, e.g. cabinets or dust covers Disposition of sound reproducers
H04N5/76 » CPC further
Details of television systems Television signal recording
H04N7/0112 » CPC further
Television systems; Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level one of the standards corresponding to a cinematograph film standard
H04N7/163 » CPC further
Television systems; Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems; Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing by receiver means only
H04N7/17327 » CPC further
Television systems; Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal; Transmission or handling of upstream communications with deferred transmission or handling of upstream communications
H04N9/3129 » CPC further
Details of colour television systems; Picture reproducers; Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] scanning a light beam on the display screen
H04N9/641 » CPC further
Details of colour television systems; Circuits for processing colour signals Multi-purpose receivers, e.g. for auxiliary information
H04N9/642 » CPC further
Details of colour television systems; Circuits for processing colour signals Multi-standard receivers
H04N9/7925 » CPC further
Details of colour television systems; Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording for more than one processing mode for more than one standard
H04N19/109 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding; Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of temporal predictive coding modes
H04N19/115 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
H04N19/139 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding; Incoming video signal characteristics or properties; Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
H04N19/152 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding; Data rate or code amount at the encoder output by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
H04N19/174 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a slice, e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks
H04N19/19 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding using optimisation based on Lagrange multipliers
H04N19/194 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type being iterative or recursive involving only two passes
H04N19/51 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction Motion estimation or motion compensation
H04N19/517 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction; Motion estimation or motion compensation; Processing of motion vectors by encoding
H04N19/527 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction; Motion estimation or motion compensation Global motion vector estimation
H04N19/61 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
H04N19/625 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding using discrete cosine transform [DCT]
H04N19/70 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
H04N19/91 » CPC further
Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups -, e.g. fractals Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
H04N21/234318 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware; Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by decomposing into objects, e.g. MPEG-4 objects
H04N21/2368 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware; Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream Multiplexing of audio and video streams
H04N21/2383 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware; Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams Channel coding or modulation of digital bit-stream, e.g. QPSK modulation
H04N21/2543 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof; Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies; Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server, rights management server Billing, e.g. for subscription services
H04N21/2547 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof; Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies; Management at additional data server, e.g. shopping server, rights management server; Billing, e.g. for subscription services Third Party Billing, e.g. billing of advertiser
H04N21/41415 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals; Specialised client platforms, e.g. receiver in car or embedded in a mobile appliance involving a public display, viewable by several users in a public space outside their home, e.g. movie theatre, information kiosk
H04N21/4143 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals; Specialised client platforms, e.g. receiver in car or embedded in a mobile appliance Personal Computer [PC] embedded in a
H04N21/4181 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals; External card to be used in combination with the client device, e.g. for conditional access for conditional access
H04N21/426 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
H04N21/42653 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals; Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof for processing graphics
H04N21/4307 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation Synchronising the rendering of multiple content streams or additional data on devices, e.g. synchronisation of audio on a mobile phone with the video output on the TV screen
H04N21/4312 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction ; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations
H04N21/4314 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction ; Content or additional data rendering involving specific graphical features, e.g. screen layout, special fonts or colors, blinking icons, highlights or animations for fitting data in a restricted space on the screen, e.g. EPG data in a rectangular grid
H04N21/4318 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Generation of visual interfaces for content selection or interaction ; Content or additional data rendering by altering the content in the rendering process, e.g. blanking, blurring or masking an image region
H04N21/433 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
H04N21/4341 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream Demultiplexing of audio and video streams
H04N21/43622 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home Interfacing an external recording device
H04N21/43632 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home; Adapting the video or multiplex stream to a specific local network, e.g. a IEEE 1394 or Bluetooth® network involving a wired protocol, e.g. IEEE 1394
H04N21/4382 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network Demodulation or channel decoding, e.g. QPSK demodulation
H04N21/44012 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving rendering scenes according to scene graphs, e.g. MPEG-4 scene graphs
H04N21/440218 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware; Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display by transcoding between formats or standards, e.g. from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4
H04N21/4532 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts; Management of client data or end-user data involving end-user characteristics, e.g. viewer profile, preferences
H04N21/458 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts Scheduling content for creating a personalised stream, e.g. by combining a locally stored advertisement with an incoming stream; Updating operations, e.g. for OS modules ; time-related management operations
H04N21/4621 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts; Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities Controlling the complexity of the content stream or additional data, e.g. lowering the resolution or bit-rate of the video stream for a mobile client with a small screen
H04N21/4623 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts; Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities Processing of entitlement messages, e.g. ECM [Entitlement Control Message] or EMM [Entitlement Management Message]
H04N21/47211 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof; End-user applications; End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting pay-per-view content
H04N21/6175 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream ; Communication details between server and client ; Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via Internet
H04N21/6187 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream ; Communication details between server and client ; Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via a telephone network, e.g. POTS
H04N21/6582 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream ; Communication details between server and client ; Transmission of management data between client and server; Transmission by the client directed to the server Data stored in the client, e.g. viewing habits, hardware capabilities, credit card number
H04N21/812 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content; Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
H04N21/84 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content; Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
H04N21/854 » CPC further
Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]; Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content; Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications Content authoring
H04Q3/0025 » CPC further
Selecting arrangements; Arrangements providing connection between exchanges Provisions for signalling
H04Q3/60 » CPC further
Selecting arrangements; Arrangements providing connection between main exchange and sub-exchange or satellite for connecting to satellites or concentrators which connect one or more exchange lines with a group of local lines
H04R1/028 » CPC further
Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones; Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein associated with devices performing functions other than acoustics, e.g. electric candles
H04S7/301 » CPC further
Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control; Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field Automatic calibration of stereophonic sound system, e.g. with test microphone
H04W4/14 » CPC further
Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor; Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements Short messaging services, e.g. short message services [SMS] or unstructured supplementary service data [USSD]
H04W8/265 » CPC further
Network data management; Network addressing or numbering for mobility support for initial activation of new user
H04W28/00 » CPC further
Network traffic or resource management
H04W36/02 » CPC further
Hand-off or reselection arrangements Buffering or recovering information during reselection ; Modification of the traffic flow during hand-off
H04W52/0225 » CPC further
Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes; Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
H04W52/30 » CPC further
Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes; TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
H04W56/00 » CPC further
Synchronisation arrangements
H04W64/00 » CPC further
Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
H04W68/00 » CPC further
User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
H04W74/008 » CPC further
Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access; Transmission of channel access control information with additional processing of random access related information at receiving side
H04W74/0816 » CPC further
Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access; Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA carrier sensing with collision avoidance
H04W76/12 » CPC further
Connection management; Connection setup Setup of transport tunnels
H04W76/34 » CPC further
Connection management; Connection release Selective release of ongoing connections
H04W84/08 » CPC further
Network topologies; Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks Trunked mobile radio systems
H04W92/02 » CPC further
Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks Inter-networking arrangements
G06F2221/2105 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity; Indexing scheme relating to and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity Dual mode as a secondary aspect
G06F2221/2115 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity; Indexing scheme relating to and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity Third party
G11B20/22 » CPC further
Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor for reducing distortions
H04B1/707 » CPC further
Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups - ; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission; Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
H04J3/0658 » CPC further
Time-division multiplex systems; Details; Synchronising arrangements; Clock or time synchronisation in a network; Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
H04L43/0829 » CPC further
Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks; Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters; Errors, e.g. transmission errors Packet loss
H04L51/04 » CPC further
User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail Real-time or near real-time messaging, e.g. instant messaging [IM]
H04L65/1016 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication; Architectures or entities IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]
H04L69/14 » CPC further
Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass Multichannel or multilink protocols
H04L2001/0098 » CPC further
Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received Unequal error protection
H04L2012/40215 » CPC further
Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]; Bus networks characterized by the use of a particular bus standard Controller Area Network CAN
H04L2012/40273 » CPC further
Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]; Bus networks; Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a vehicle
H04M1/724 » CPC further
Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers; Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
H04M3/42221 » CPC further
Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges; Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers Conversation recording systems
H04M11/06 » CPC further
Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
H04N5/04 » CPC further
Details of television systems Synchronising
H04N5/073 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Synchronising; Generation of synchronising signals; Arrangements or circuits at the transmitter end for mutually locking plural sources of synchronising signals, e.g. studios or relay stations
H04N5/126 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Synchronising; Devices in which the synchronising signals are only operative if a phase difference occurs between synchronising and synchronised scanning devices, e.g. flywheel synchronising whereby the synchronisation signal indirectly commands a frequency generator
H04N5/38 » CPC further
Details of television systems Transmitter circuitry for the transmission of television signals according to analogue transmission standards
H04N5/445 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for displaying additional information
H04N5/45 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Receiver circuitry for the reception of television signals according to analogue transmission standards for displaying additional information Picture in picture, e.g. displaying simultaneously another television channel in a region of the screen
H04N5/66 » CPC further
Details of television systems Transforming electric information into light information
H04N5/775 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Television signal recording; Interface circuits between an apparatus for recording and another apparatus between a recording apparatus and a television receiver
H04N5/85 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Television signal recording using optical recording on discs or drums
H04N5/907 » CPC further
Details of television systems; Television signal recording using static stores, e.g. storage tubes or semiconductor memories
H04N7/0122 » CPC further
Television systems; Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving conversion of the spatial resolution of the incoming video signal the input and the output signals having different aspect ratios
H04N9/8042 » CPC further
Details of colour television systems; Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording; Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction
H04N2201/0094 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof; Types of the still picture apparatus Multifunctional device, i.e. a device capable of all of reading, reproducing, copying, facsimile transception, file transception
H04N2201/02493 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof deleted Additional optical elements not otherwise provided for, e.g. filters, polarising plates, masks or apertures
H04N2201/3212 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof; Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device; Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a job, e.g. communication, capture or filing of an image
H04N2201/3222 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof; Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device; Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title of data relating to a job, e.g. communication, capture or filing of an image of processing required or performed, e.g. forwarding, urgent or confidential handling
H04N2201/3274 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, and to details thereof; Circuits or arrangements for control or supervision between transmitter and receiver or between image input and image output device, e.g. between a still-image camera and its memory or between a still-image camera and a printer device; Display, printing, storage or transmission of additional information, e.g. ID code, date and time or title Storage or retrieval of prestored additional information
H04Q2213/1302 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems Relay switches
H04Q2213/13039 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems Asymmetrical two-way transmission, e.g. ADSL, HDSL
H04Q2213/1304 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems Coordinate switches, crossbar, 4/2 with relays, coupling field
H04Q2213/13076 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems Distributing frame, MDF, cross-connect switch
H04Q2213/13095 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems PIN / Access code, authentication
H04Q2213/13109 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems Initializing, personal profile
H04Q2213/13298 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems Local loop systems, access network
H04Q2213/13349 » CPC further
Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems Network management
H04W4/10 » CPC further
Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor; Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services Push-to-Talk [PTT] or Push-On-Call services
H04W4/12 » CPC further
Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
H04W8/245 » CPC further
Network data management; Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities; Transfer of terminal data from a network towards a terminal
H04W8/26 » CPC further
Network data management Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
H04W24/00 » CPC further
Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
H04W28/18 » CPC further
Network traffic or resource management; Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service] Negotiating wireless communication parameters
H04W28/26 » CPC further
Network traffic or resource management; Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service] Resource reservation
H04W40/00 » CPC further
Communication routing or communication path finding
H04W40/02 » CPC further
Communication routing or communication path finding Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
H04W48/08 » CPC further
Access restriction ; Network selection; Access point selection Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
H04W52/0248 » CPC further
Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes; Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal dependent on the time of the day, e.g. according to expected transmission activity
H04W52/0274 » CPC further
Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes; Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level by switching on or off the equipment or parts thereof
H04W72/042 » CPC further
Local resource management, e.g. wireless traffic scheduling or selection or allocation of wireless resources; Wireless resource allocation involving control information exchange between nodes in downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards terminal
H04W72/1252 » CPC further
Local resource management, e.g. wireless traffic scheduling or selection or allocation of wireless resources; Wireless traffic scheduling; Schedule definition, set-up or creation based on load
H04W72/1268 » CPC further
Local resource management, e.g. wireless traffic scheduling or selection or allocation of wireless resources; Wireless traffic scheduling; Schedule usage, i.e. actual mapping of traffic onto schedule; Multiplexing of flows into one or several streams; Mapping aspects; Scheduled allocation of uplink data flows
H04W74/0833 » CPC further
Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access; Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure
H04W76/10 » CPC further
Connection management Connection setup
H04W76/18 » CPC further
Connection management; Connection setup Management of setup rejection or failure
H04W76/30 » CPC further
Connection management Connection release
H04W76/45 » CPC further
Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast for Push-to-Talk [PTT] or Push-to-Talk over cellular [PoC] services
H04W80/00 » CPC further
Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
H04W84/042 » CPC further
Network topologies; Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
H04W84/12 » CPC further
Network topologies; Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
H04W88/06 » CPC further
Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices; Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes , e.g. multi-mode terminals
H04W88/085 » CPC further
Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices; Access point devices Access point devices with remote components
H04W88/16 » CPC further
Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices Gateway arrangements
H04W92/12 » CPC further
Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between access points and access point controllers
Y02D30/70 » CPC further
Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Y02D30/70 » CPC further
Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Y10S370/906 » CPC further
Multiplex communications; Wide area network; Packet switching; Osi compliant network Fiber data distribution interface, FDDI
Y10S370/907 » CPC further
Multiplex communications; Wide area network; Packet switching; Osi compliant network Synchronous optical network, SONET
Y10S707/99943 » CPC further
Data processing: database and file management or data structures; Database schema or data structure Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/481,801, filed Dec. 16, 2003, and included herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a graphics card, and more particularly, to a graphics card for smoothing the playing of video.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a diagram of a graphics card 100 according to the prior art. The graphics card 100 comprises a decoder 120 having a first clock generator 122. The graphics card 100 further comprises a video capture engine 130, a video process engine 150, a memory 140, a video display engine 160, a video process clock generator 152, a second clock generator 162, a TV encoder 110, a liquid crystal display (LCD) output interface 112, a cathode ray tube (CRT) output interface 114, and a plasma display panel (PDP) output interface 116. In the graphics card 100, the clock sources of the video capture engine 130, the video process engine 150 and the video display engine 160 are different. The first clock generator 122 of the decoder 120 provides CAPCLK to the video capture engine 130; the video process clock generator 152 provides ECK to video process engine 150; and the second clock generator 162 provides DCK to the video display engine 160. Note that DCK of the video display engine 160 must have the same frequency as CAPCLK of the video capture engine 130, that is to synchronize the signal receiving rates of the video capture engine 130 and the video display engine 160 for avoiding a drop-frame phenomenon when outputting video to a display. The drop-frame phenomenon implies that the playing of video is not smooth. However, the first clock generator 122 and the second clock generator 162 are independent phase locked loops (PLLs). Thus, there can be a problem of frequency difference, wherein the signal receiving rates of the video capture engine 130 and the video display engine 160 are different and the drop-frame phenomenon arises.
For instance, in the ITU-R BT601 standard, the two clock generators 122 and 162 are set to generate clocks of 27 MHz, but the second clock generator 162 generates an output clock based on a reference clock instead of based on an output clock generated by the first clock generator 122. Thus, there is likely to be a frequency difference between the clocks generated by the two generators 122 and 162. Suppose that the clock generated by the first clock generator 122 is 27 MHz while the clock generated by the second clock generator 162 is 26.9 MHz. In this case, due to the frequency difference between the two clocks, the drop-frame phenomenon will arise after a long time, that is the playing of video will gradually become less smooth. On the other hand, if the clock generated by the first clock generator 122 is 27 MHz while the clock generated by the second clock generator 162 is 27.1 MHz, the speed of playing is faster than that of video input into the video capture engine 130. Therefore, the player might have to replay the same frame when the frequency difference between the first clock generator 122 and the second clock generator 162 accumulates to the time of playing one frame. No matter whether the drop-frame or the replaying problem arises, the playing of video is not smooth.
SUMMARY OF INVENTIONIt is therefore a primary objective of the claimed invention to provide a graphics card for smoothing the playing of video to solve the above-mentioned problems.
The claimed invention discloses a graphics card for smoothing the playing of video. The graphics card includes a video capture engine for receiving a digital video signal, a memory connected to the video capture engine for storing the digital video signals captured by the video capture engine, a video display engine connected to memory for receiving digital video signals stored in the memory, and a first clock generator connected to the video capture engine and the video display engine for providing the same clock to the video capture engine and the video display engine so as to synchronize the signal receiving rates of the video capture engine and the video display engine.
These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a diagram of a graphics card according to the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a first embodiment of a graphics card according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a second embodiment of a graphics card according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONPlease refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a graphics card 200 according to the present invention. The graphics card 200 comprises a decoder 220 having a first clock generator 222. The graphics card 200 further comprises a video capture engine 230, a video process engine 250, a memory 240, a video display engine 260, a video process clock generator 252, a TV encoder 210, a LCD output interface 212, a CRT output interface 214, and a PDP output interface 216. The decoder 220 transforms a received analog video signal (AVS) into a digital video signal (DVS). The video capture engine 230 is utilized for receiving the DVS from the decoder 220 and storing the DVS in the memory 240. The memory 240 is connected to the video capture engine 230. The video process engine 250 accesses the DVS from the memory 240 to enlarge the video, shrink the video, or perform other video effects on the video based on the DVS, and then generates digital video data (DVD) and stores the DVD in the memory 240. The video display engine 260 reads the DVD from the memory 240 and then outputs the DVD to an output interface, such as the TV encoder 210, the LCD output interface 212, the CRT output interface 214 and the PDP output interface 216. Note that the video data read by the video display engine 260 may be the DVS transmitted from the video capture engine 230 to the memory 240 (without special processing) or the digital video data processed by the video process engine 250.
In the graphics card 200, the first clock generator 222 of the decoder 220 is a phase locked loop (PLL) and is connected to the video capture engine 230 and the video display 260 for providing the same clock DCK to both engines 230 and 260 so as to synchronize the signal receiving rates of the video capture engine 230 and the video display engine 260 to avoid the drop-frame phenomenon. In addition, the first clock generator 222 is further connected to the decoder 220, the TV encoder 210, and the output interfaces 212, 214, and 216 for providing a clock with the same frequency as CAPCLK of the video capture engine 230 and the video display engine 260 to the TV encoder 210 and the output interfaces 212, 214, and 216.
Note that all units inside the graphics card 200 are not located in the same chip. The decoder 220 is located in a first chip 202; the video capture engine 230, the video process engine 250, the video process clock generator 252, the memory 240 and the video display engine 260 are placed in a second chip 204; and the TV encoder 210 and the output interfaces 212, 214 and 216 are placed in a third chip 206. When the first clock generator 222 in the first chip 202 outputs CAPCLK to the video capture engine 230 and the video display engine 260 in the second chip 204 and outputs CAPCLK to the encoder 210 and the output interfaces 212, 214 and 216 in the third chip 206, since CAPCLK is transmitted from one chip to another chip the actual CAPCLK received by the video display engine 260, encoder 210 and the output interfaces 212, 214 and 216 can suffer jitter. Therefore, when displaying video on a screen, the frame may jitter or other problems may occur. In order to avoid this issue and improve the quality of playing, please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a diagram of another embodiment according to the present invention that addresses this issue.
Please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a diagram of another embodiment of a graphics card 300. The structure of the graphics card 300 is similar to that of the graphics card 200. The same units are labeled with the same numbers and redundant description of functions is omitted. The graphics card 300 includes a second clock generator 270 and a multiplexer 280, differing from the graphics card 200. The second clock generator 270 is connected to the first clock generator 222 and a second input of the multiplexer 280. The second clock generator 270 is a PLL for generating a DCK with the same frequency as the CAPCLK generated by the first clock generator 222 based on the CAPCLK generated by the first clock generator 222. The output 286 of the multiplexer 280 is connected to the video display engine 260, the encoder 210, the output interfaces 212, 214 and 216 for providing the same clock CAPCLK or DCK. In addition, a first input 282 of the multiplexer 280 is utilized for directly receiving the CAPCLK generated by the first clock generator 222 so as to provide the same clock CAPCLK to the video display engine 260, the encoder 210 and the output interfaces 212, 214 and 216 through the output 286 of the multiplexer 280. This is similar to operation of the graphics card 200, which directly provides the same clock to the video capture engine 230, the video display engine 260, the encoder 210 and the output interfaces 212, 214, and 216. In this embodiment, a user can control a control node 288 of the multiplexer 280 to select for output the CAPCLK generated by the first clock generator 222 or the DCK generated by the second clock generator 270.
As mentioned above, due to jitter occurring when CAPCLK is transmitted from one chip to another chip, the second clock generator 270 is used to generate DCK with the same frequency and based on CAPCLK generated by the first clock generator 222. Such a DCK is steadier and the jitter issue can be resolved. Similarly, when the video capture engine 230 receives CAPCLK from the first chip 202, jitter might arise. However, in the second embodiment of FIG. 3, CAPCLK transmitted to the video capture engine 230 is not regenerated as DCK is regenerated by the second clock generator 270. The reason is that if the clock transmitted to the video capture engine 230 has the same frequency as that of the decoder 220 receiving the video, the video data can be correctly received and stored in the memory 240.
In addition, as mentioned above, all units in the graphics cards 200 and 300 are not placed in the same chip. However, the present invention can combine all units in one chip and use the first embodiment in FIG. 2 to avoid the drop-frame phenomenon found in the prior art. In this case, the second clock generator 270 can be omitted.
Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
1. A graphics card for smoothing the playing of video comprising:
a video capture engine for receiving a digital video signal;
a memory connected to the video capture engine for storing the digital signal captured by the video capture engine;
a video display engine connected to the memory for receiving the digital signal stored in the memory; and
a first clock generator connected to the video capture engine and the video display engine for providing the same clock to the video capture engine and the video display engine so as to synchronize the signal receiving rates of the video capture engine and the video display engine.
2. The graphics card of claim 1 further comprising a decoder connected to the video capture engine for transforming a received analog video signal into the digital video signal and outputting the digital video signal to the video capture engine.
3. The graphics card of claim 2 wherein the first clock generator is located in the decoder.
4. The graphics card of claim 1 further comprising an encoder connected to the video display engine.
5. The graphics card of claim 4 wherein the first clock generator is further connected to the encoder for providing the same clock to the video capture engine, the video display engine, and the encoder.
6. The graphics card of claim 4 wherein the encoder is a TV encoder.
7. The graphics card of claim 1 further comprising an output interface connected to the video display engine for outputting the digital video signal from the video display engine.
8. The graphics card of claim 7 wherein the first clock generator is further connected to the output interface for providing the same clock to the video capture engine, the video display engine, and the output interface.
9. The graphics card of claim 7 wherein the output interface is a liquid crystal display (LCD) output interface, a cathode ray tube (CRT) output interface, or a plasma display panel (PDP) output interface.
10. The graphics card of claim 1 further comprising a video process engine connected to the memory for processing the digital video signal of the memory into digital video data and then storing the digital video data in the memory.
11. The graphics card of claim 10 further comprising a video process clock generator connected to the video process engine for providing a clock to the video process engine.
12. A graphics card for smoothing the playing of video comprising:
a video capture engine for receiving a digital video signal;
a memory connected to the video capture engine for storing the digital signal captured by the video capture engine;
a video display engine connected to the memory for receiving the digital signal stored in the memory;
a multiplexer having an output connected to the video display engine;
a first clock generator connected to the video capture engine and a first input of the multiplexer for providing a first clock to the video capture engine and the first input of the multiplexer; and
a second clock generator connected to the first clock generator and a second input of the multiplexer for receiving the first clock to generate a second clock, the second clock having substantially the same frequency as the first clock and being offset from the first clock by a predetermined phase difference.
13. The graphics card of claim 12 further comprising a decoder connected to the video capture engine for transforming a received analog video signal into the digital video signal and outputting the digital video signal to the video capture engine.
14. The graphics card of claim 13 wherein the first clock generator is located in the decoder.
15. The graphics card of claim 12 further comprising an encoder connected to the video display engine.
16. The graphics card of claim 15 wherein the output of the multiplexer is further connected to the encoder for providing the same clock to the video display engine and the encoder.
17. The graphics card of claim 15 wherein the encoder is a TV encoder.
18. The graphics card of claim 12 further comprising an output interface connected to the video display engine for outputting the digital video signal from the video display engine.
19. The graphics card of claim 18 wherein the output of the multiplexer is further connected to the output interface for providing the same clock to the video display engine and the output interface.
20. The graphics card of claim 18 wherein the output interface is a liquid crystal display (LCD) output interface, a cathode ray tube (CRT) output interface, or a plasma display panel (PDP) output interface.
21. The graphics card of claim 12 further comprising a video process engine connected to the memory for processing the digital video signal of the memory into a digital video data and then storing the digital video data in the memory.
22. The graphics card of claim 21 further comprising a video process clock generator connected to the video process engine for providing a clock to the video process engine.