US20070214733A1
2007-09-20
11/724,820
2007-03-16
I present a pre-fabricated, modular, site assembled, portable, habitable polygon structure distinguished by large diameter functional pillars surrounding the structural posts; the potential for multi levels accessed by standard or circular staircases; and a compact multi-function central utility core (CUC) to house all electrical, mechanical, digital and plumbing equipment wires, connectors, pipes, cables, vents, and ducts; plus space for a corollary function to the main Gazebo; plus alcoves surrounding this interior space to house specialty equipment germane to the function of that space. The structure can be open-air or glass enclosed in single units or clusters joined by walkways. There are no exterior walls since the facade is simply pillars separated by wide floor-to-ceiling glass windows that allow 360 degree panoramic views from inside the structure. Uses include private residences, retail outlets, banks, cremations memorials, funeral homes, medical clinics, pet, park, or tourist centers, look-outs, restaurants, galleries, and reception centers.
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E04H3/02 » CPC main
Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries, prisons Hotels; Motels; Coffee houses; Restaurants; Shops; Department stores
E04H3/08 » CPC further
Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries, prisons Hospitals, infirmaries, or the like; Schools; Prisons
E04H2005/005 » CPC further
Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes Buildings for data processing centers
E04H3/00 IPC
Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries, prisons
This nonprovisional utility patent application claims the benefit of a previously filed provisional application. The Application number is No. 60/783,376 having an international filing date Mar. 18, 2006 or in words March eighteenth in the year two thousand and six, issued to Denis Hugo Braun, the same individual applicant of this current application. A copy is attached.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTThe rights to this patent application and contents are solely those of Denis Hugo Braun who declares that:
Portable polygon structures and Gazebos offer timely solutions to space needs in residential, institutional, or commercial situations where needs are immediate; or the time-line for the usefulness of a structure is uncertain; or where needs of the user may change.
A multitude of previous applications relate to small traditional residential backyard or park structures for shade or band concerts made of wood or plastic and which advance methods to manufacture, erect, use, or maintain the structure. These uninhabitable structures are normally open air, very decorative, feature small exposed posts, have no utilities or core functions, and are single level structures. Here is a list:.
| 3424178 | January 1969 | Yazaki |
| 3586359 | June 1971 | Cecelski |
| 3767167 | October 1973 | Rasmussen |
| 4018016 | April 1977 | Zale |
| 4586300 | May 1986 | Mullin |
| 4726153 | February 1988 | Adler |
| 5291716 | March 1994 | Broberg |
| 5598668 | February 1997 | Isom |
| 5617681 | April 1997 | Lyons |
| 5791363 | August 1998 | Moses |
| 5806549 | September 1998 | Love |
| D411309 | June 1999 | St. Gelais |
| D458689 | June 2002 | Wang |
| D482130 | November 2003 | Wu |
| 6676113 | January 2004 | Christensen |
In contrast, this invention relates to very large habitable and sometimes multi-level polygon structures with over-sized large diameter independent pillars that surround and hide the structural posts. These independent pillars can be aesthetic only or sometimes functional wherein the pillars consist of stacked containers, vessels, or niches with a common rear profile and are bound together by vertical brackets that mate and grasp these profiles. I also employ a central utility core to house equipment, provide space for a corollary function to the main Gazebo, host modular alcoves with equipment or storage facilities related to the main building function or CUC function; and if necessary, offer structural support to the roof and roof beams
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to pre-fabricated; single or multi level; multi-application, habitable, enclosed; steel framed polygons for delivery and site assembly anywhere in the world as a turn-key project.
This invention has a large variety of commercial applications:
| Cremation Memorial | |
| Funeral Home | |
| Art Gallery Memorial | |
| Buddhist Temple | |
| Project Office | |
| Bus Terminal Tickets | |
| Souvenirs, Washrooms | |
| Bank | |
| Animal Hospital | |
| Medical/Dental Clinic | |
| Small Rural Hospital | |
| Private Residence | |
| Forest Fire Lookout | |
| Railway Station Tickets | |
| Highway Tourist Info | |
| Document Depository | |
| Museum | |
| Golf Club Memorial | |
| Starter Church | |
| Site Sales Office | |
| Airport Control Tower | |
| Park Orientation Center | |
| Reception Center. | |
| Retreat House | |
The main features are:
Superstructure: Metal posts, beams, cross beams, plates, and flanges are fabricated into a superstructure for site assembly of a Gazebo. The superstructure specifications can be designed for different geographic and seismic conditions. Small and medium sized Gazebos can also be designed with additional strength in the cupola and upper support polygon to allow the superstructure to be erected from the top down. The cupola is assembled and then suspended by a mobile crane for the roof beams to be attached, braced, and assembled. Then the crane lifts the superstructure higher for the main posts and cross beams to be assembled. Now the entire suspended superstructure is lowered on to anchor bolts in the concrete pad. This assembly procedure permits cupola windows and mechanical equipment as well as the roof base, roofing materials, and cross beam supports to be installed at ground level thereby saving time and increasing labor efficiency. This assembly method allows the whole superstructure and roof to be assembled in about 2 days.
Cupola: The structure may have several tiered roofs that are aesthetic but also can host air conditioning, exhaust, air purifiers, equipment and vents to service the mechanical operations below.
Pillars: Surrounding the main vertical posts in the polygon Gazebo, are large diameter pillars that can be either aesthetic or functional. The over-sized pillars communicate strength, power, durability, durability and longevity and may be circular or polygon in shape. Pillars with aesthetic qualities consist of panels with decorative facades that are affixed to horizontal brackets at various heights in the interior of the pillar; or they can be functional and consist of similar stacked containers, vessels or niches with identical rear profiles that allow them to sleeve up and down vertical brackets that bind the pillar together. Cap blocks secure the columns of stacked containers; preventing them from being extracted. Lights around the perimeter of the cap block illuminate the facades of the containers, vessels and niches.
The vertical brackets are shown in the drawings. Each type of polygon pillar requires a different bracket from a series that has common characteristics. Such a representative bracket in the series may have duplicate 90 degree mirrored openings that grasp the adjoining 90 degree comers of the stacked containers, vessels, or niches. Therefore the bracket has a top exterior angle and a lower interior angle that together add to 180 degrees and determine whether the resulting pillar has 5,6,7,8,9,10, 12, 15,20 . . . infinity . . . sides . . . ie whether it is a pentagon, hexagon, octagon, or decagon etc.
Functional pillars serve needs related to the main activity of the Gazebo. For example, the pillars may consist of stacked niches containing urns with cremated remains in a memorial Gazebo; or consist of safety deposit boxes for storing valuables in a depository or bank Gazebo; or consist of shelf slots to store consumables and linens ion a hospital Gazebo or medical clinic.
The objective of these proprietary brackets is to consolidate stacked containers, vessels, or cremation niches into a rigid pillar. Each container has a mirrored rear corner profile that mates with the corresponding indentations, enclosures, and openings of the brackets; having sufficient tolerance spaces to allow the containers to easily sleeve up and down the brackets during installation; but tight enough so that when all the containers are in the polygon pillar, the pillar attains a strength, tightness, and rigidity of it's own.
Windows: Exterior walls are the norm, but glass floor-to-ceiling windows may be installed between the large diameter pillars providing occupants of the structure with abundant natural light and a 360 degree panoramic view. The glass panels are installed in aluminum guides on the floor and ceiling and also fit into a U channel that can be an extension of the vertical pillar bracket. The Gazebo, for use in moderate climates, has no walls but only windows on the exterior and optional interior partitions or curtains in the inside of the Gazebo. The facade of the structure consists simply of pillars and glass.
Central Utility Core: (CUC) The CUC is an interior space in the middle of the Gazebo that is defined by the superstructure and which acts as a central utility core for the placement of electrical, mechanical, plumbing, digital, and communication equipment and control panels as well as ancillary equipment for the whole Gazebo. This includes, but is not limited to, phone, cable and internet lines, computers, servers, DVD, CD, VCR equipment, furnace, air conditioning and heating apparatus, air ventilation ducts; control boxes, electric wiring, electrical control box, electricity meter, copper piping, PVC pipes, water pipes, water meter, hot water heater, water chiller, water purifier, plumbing pipes, sewer pipes, garbage compactor, garbage recycle unit, compost holder, vault or safe, fire extinguishers, video surveillance monitors, printers, copiers, fax, phone junction box, wireless LAN terminals, air purifiers, medical gas, air ventilation and exhaust, appliance and gas exhaust, bathroom exhaust ducts, root cellar, underground cool air ducts, closets for cleaning equipment, central vacuum equipment and hose, and all elements of an “intelligent building”. The objective is to minimize the amount of materials such as plastic, copper, wire, galvanized ducts, and PVC. The co consolidation into a compact space results in a substantial savings in materials for wires, pipes, ducts, cable, and plumbing connections.
CUC Space: In addition, the CUC may contain an internal space for a specific function germane to the principal use of the whole Gazebo. For example, a CUC interior washroom supports a private residence, gallery, or retail outlet. A CUC kitchen supports a restaurant or reception center, a CUC operating theatre supports a small hospital, a CUC laboratory or X-Ray room supports a medical clinic; a CUC vault supports a bank or credit union; and a CUC located secure communications room supports an embassy or consulate.
| Gazebo Function | CUC Interior | Perimeter Alcoves |
| Private Residence | Washroom | Household Needs |
| Small Hospital | Operating Theatre | OR Equipment |
| Animal Hospital | Operating Room | OR Equipment |
| Dental/Medical Clinic | Dental Surgery | Dental Equipment |
| Restaurant | Kitchen | Cooking Equipment |
| Bank/Office | Vault | Office Equipment |
| Embassy/Consulate | Secure Communication | Lead walls, |
| electronic shield | ||
| Look-out station | Communications | Office Equipment |
| Retail Store | Washrooms | Change Rooms |
CUC Alcoves: Modular wedge-shaped alcoves may surround the CUC and have doors or shutters that open either; inward to the interior space; open outward to the main Gazebo; or open in both directions inward and outward.
Efficiency Stations: Surrounding the CUC there may be a specialty station relevant to the operational efficiency of the Gazebo. These stations are primarily for institutional and commercial uses of the Gazebo. For example: a nursing station around the perimeter of the CUC operating theatre in a hospital, a serving station around the perimeter of the kitchen CUC in a restaurant, a customer service counter in a bank or retail outlet; and an attendant station around the perimeter of the CUC in a tourist information center.
Circular Staircase: An offset circular staircase allows quick access from one level to another. In many Gazebo applications, this can save time and add to the efficiency of the staff. In a hospital setting, the combination of the perimeter nursing station and the circular staircase allows the minimum number of professional staff to monitor the maximum number of patients.
Sleep Loft: Instead of having an open space to the roof beams on the top level, a ceiling can be installed and the CUC extended upward to join and provide structural support to the roof beams. In this case an additional circular staircase can provide access to a loft space for children to play in a private residence, or for shift workers to rest and sleep in a hospital, look-out, or small airport control tower.
The key innovations are:
Transition Structures:
In some cases, the structure can perform a whole series of functions over the life of a project. For example, in new urban subdivisions, residents often retain membership in their base Church or Temple until they can collectively raise enough money to build a new facility. This can take 3-5 years. A temporary Gazebo can be erected in 3-4 weeks and be a place of worship until the congregation grows and money is raised for the new permanent Church. When the new Church is complete, the Gazebo converts into a Cremation Memorial and the pillars are converted to host niches and urns.
In wartime, the military and DVA need rehabilitation, assessment, and physiotherapy centers at bases and national guard locations. After these temporary needs are met, the Gazebo can be retrofitted and convert to an out-patient clinic.
In greenfield projects, the Gazebo is the lead structure and functions as the on-site project management office. When construction is complete, the Gazebo converts to the site Sales Office until the project is 80% sold. Then the Gazebo and can be expanded to a 3-5 Gazebo cluster and functions as a community center.
This invention differs from features of a traditional polygon Gazebo by:
Key Advantages
| Fast erection time | Pre-engineered and modular design. Turn-key |
| solution | |
| Over-sized pillars | Provides an image of power, stability, and |
| durability | |
| In memorial applications | Pillars host niches, urns and granite plaques |
| Efficient use of space | Central utility core. (CUC) |
| Conserve materials | The CUC uses less wire, pipe, ducting, |
| cables, plumbing. | |
| Durable materials. | Ceramic roof, Granite floors. Glass walls. |
| Longevity | |
| Abundant natural light | 360 degree panoramic view |
| No exterior walls | Only glass and pillars. A neat and clean look |
| Interior open space | Flexibility to design |
| Open-air or glassed-in | Adapts to most climates |
| Life Cycle | Easy low cost maintenance and cleaning. |
| No heating or air ducts | Less air carried infections. Less disease |
| Hooded vents (hospitals) | Air scrubbers for medical applications. |
| Spiral stairs | Quick access to other levels. Staff |
| efficiency. Monitoring. | |
| Upper loft | Rest and sleep area for shift workers |
| Easy lock-down | Center core with valuable equipment and |
| appliances. | |
| Fast Erection | 10-20 days. |
| Dismantled | 8-15 days. |
| Easy to re-locate | |
The process of making and using the invention. A multi-level pre-fabricated portable polygon Gazebo.
At a port, rail yard, bus terminus, airport, or warehouse complex where the main function may change from a site construction office to a site observation post to a site medical clinic.
Here are the matching extraneous angles needed for brackets to render pillars with 5 sides to 20 sides. There is almost an infinite number of angles until the pillar becomes a straight wall.
| Polygon | Inside angle | Top outside angle |
|  5 sided pillar | 72.00 degrees | 108.00 degrees |
|  6 sided pillar | 60.00 | 120.00 degrees |
|  8 sided pillar | 45.00 | 135.00 degrees |
| 10 sided pillar | 36.00 | 144.00 degrees |
| 12 sided pillar | 30.00 | 150.00 degrees |
| 14 sided pillar | 25.71 | 154.29 degrees |
| 15 sided pillar | 24.00 | 156.00 degrees |
| 16 sided pillar | 22.50 | 157.50 degrees |
| 17 sided pillar | 21.18 | 158.82 degrees |
| 18 sided pillar | 20.00 | 160.00 degrees |
| 20 sided pillar | 18.00 | 162.00 degrees |
Drawing FIG. 1. Gazebo Superstructure
Drawing FIG. 2. Superstructure with extended Central Utility Core posts
Drawing FIG. 3. Top view of the partial superstructure
Drawing FIG. 4. Various shapes for use as structural members in a superstructure
Drawing FIG. 5. The mobile crane erection technique to erect from the top down
Drawing FIG. 6. Cluster of 3 Gazebos
Drawing FIG. 7 Front view of cluster of 3 Gazebos. This drawing illustrates another view of a 3 Gazebo cluster with walkways joining the structures. Top cupola. Ceramic tile roof Large diameter pillars. Centre Utility Core frame
Drawing FIG. 8 Perspective of cluster of three Gazebos
Drawing FIG. 9 Further drawing of front view of a cluster of three Gazebos
Drawing FIG. 10 Typical container or niche with a unique mirror rear profile to sleeve down the vertical brackets.
Drawing FIG. 11 Pillar brackets to secure columns of stacked containers or niches.
Drawing FIG. 12 Finished double layer niche hexagon pillar using 6 straight brackets and 6 hexagon brackets Pillars surround the main structural posts of the superstructure. They normally sit on a base channel that absorbs the weight of the independent pillar and starts the first layer above the floor In some instances, the entire pillar can rest of a ring of ball bearings and rotate.
Drawing FIG. 13 Floor to ceiling glass windows between pillars.
Drawing FIG. 14 Cut away of an octagon niche pillar. 8 brackets and 8 columns of niches.
Drawing FIG. 15 Variety of pillar shapes. A variety of pillar shapes and layer configurations.
Drawing FIG. 16 A Functional niche pillar surrounding a superstructure post
Drawing FIG. 17 A Non functional panel pillar surrounding a superstructure post
Drawing FIG. 18 A Residential CUC with household alcoves surrounding the CUC
Drawing FIG. 19 A variety of optional alcoves that are part of a CUC showing the shape, a top view, a frontal view with closed doors, and a frontal view with open doors.
Drawing FIG. 20. Typical layout for a residential Gazebo. Alcove doors open. Spiral staircase.
Drawing FIG. 21a. CUC as an Operating Theatre with Intensive Care Beds and nursing station
Drawing FIG. 21b. CUC as a Columbarium Wall surrounding an icon statue. Cremation Memorial
Drawing FIG. 21c. CUC size can vary depending on the function, equipment, and space needs
Drawing FIG. 22. CUC with alcoves opening inward, a perimeter nursing station, and 21 suspended beds on a futuristic ceiling track
Drawing FIG. 23. A pillar bracket to form an octagon shaped pillar.
Drawing FIG. 24. A pillar bracket with an extruded extension to act as a U channel for windows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSDrawing FIG. 1. Gazebo Superstructure
The Gazebo Superstructure
Drawing FIG. 2. Superstructure with extended Central Utility Core posts
Drawing FIG. 3. Top view of the partial superstructure
Drawing FIG. 4. Various shapes for use as structural members in a superstructure. Components of the superstructure can have a variety of shapes. Wedge shaped members can be used as mini posts in the cupola or as posts in the CUC if the spaces between the posts is going to be framed and post surfaces need to be perpendicular to one another. Hollow square or rectangular tubes for the cross members I beams and C channel for the roof supports
Drawing FIG. 5. The mobile crane erection technique to erect from the top down. This drawing illustrates the erection process of a small Gazebo using a mobile crane to suspend the entire superstructure in the air until it is completely assembled and then lowering it on to anchor bolts in the concrete pad. The workers are bolting the connector to link a roof beam with a vertical structural post.
Drawing FIG. 6. Cluster of 3 Gazebos Drawing illustrates a cluster of three Gazebos joined by walkways to form a 60 bed small rural hospital.
Drawing FIG. 7 Front view of cluster of 3 Gazebos
Drawing FIG. 8 Perspective of cluster of three Gazebos
Drawing FIG. 9 Another drawing of front view of a cluster of three Gazebos
Drawing FIG. 10 Typical container or niche with a unique mirror rear profile to sleeve down the vertical brackets.
Drawing FIG. 11 Pillar brackets to secure columns of stacked containers or niches. Niches or containers sleeve down and up the vertical brackets and allow the niches to be removed from the pillar by simply removing the cap block.
Drawing FIG. 12 Finished double layer niche hexagon pillar using 6 straight brackets and 6 hexagon brackets. Pillars surround the main structural posts of the superstructure. They normally sit on a base channel that absorbs the weight of the independent pillar and starts the first layer above the floor In some instances, the entire pillar can rest of a ring of ball bearings and rotate.
Drawing FIG. 13 Floor to ceiling glass windows can be located outside the pillars; or set between the niche pillars that surround and disguise the main steel posts which are part of the superstructure. The glass fits into profile channels on the floor and ceiling; and into the U channel that is an extension of the pillar bracket in drawing # 24. Within the pillar, a U channel is extruded as an extension of the pillar bracket. In some applications, the windows are on the outside of the pillars to enable the stand alone pillars to be mounted on a ball bearing ring that allows the entire pillar to rotate (Lazy Susan style). This feature is used in memorial Gazebos where families like the niches and urns to face the Gazebo centerpiece which in most cases is statue of a religious icon or a local pioneer.
Drawing FIG. 14. Cut away of an octagon niche pillar. 8 brackets and 8 columns of niches. that will surround one of the structural vertical posts in the Gazebo superstructure. In this case the free-standing pillar is made entirely of 8 columns of stacked niches and 8 aluminum brackets. The bracket provides rigidity to the pillar. Other shapes are possible using different brackets inn the series; and the columns can be double niches to produce 16 niches per layer. A cap block placed on top of the pillar will secure the niches from being extracted and halogen lights on each plane of the octagon will illuminate the facades of the niches.
Drawing FIG. 15 Variety of pillar shapes.
Drawing FIG. 16 A Functional niche pillar surrounding a superstructure post
Drawing FIG. 17 A Non functional panel pillar surrounding a superstructure post
Drawing FIG. 18 A Residential CUC with household alcoves surrounding the CUC
Drawing FIG. 19 A variety of optional modular alcoves that are part of a CUC showing the alcove shape, a top view, a frontal view with closed doors, and a frontal view with open doors. When ownership changes, the modular alcoves can be replaced. For example, a Buddhist prayer alcove can be replaced with a Christian Shrine alcove.
Drawing FIG. 20. Typical layout for a residential Gazebo. Alcove doors open. Spiral staircase. Drawing shows the open space concept of a residential Gazebo with the alcove doors in the Center Utility Core open for access to food preparation equipment, a pantry, hobby and work bench, laundry equipment, wet bar, etc. Some 30 optional modular alcoves are available to custom design the interior according to the needs of each customer. Note the circular staircase to the level above or to a sleep loft if this were the top floor.
Drawing FIG. 21a. CUC as an Operating Theatre with Intensive Care Beds and nursing station. The innovation of the spiral staircase, perimeter nursing station, and perimeter post -op beds configuration allows for the maximum number of patients to be monitored by a minimum number of professional staff. The portable modular wedge shaped alcoves can be changed or retrofitted for different operations; different equipment needs, or different storage requirements.
Drawing FIG. 21b. CUC as a Columbarium Wall surrounding an icon statue. Cremation Memorial.
Drawing FIG. 21c. CUC size can vary depending on the function, equipment, and the interior space needs.
Drawing FIG. 22. CUC with alcoves opening inward, a perimeter nursing station, and 21 suspended beds on a futuristic ceiling track
Drawing FIG. 23. An pillar bracket to form an octagon shaped pillar.
Drawing FIG. 24. A pillar bracket with an extruded extension to act as a U channel for windows.
1. A pre-fabricated, portable, polygon Gazebo structure erected on site that takes it's shape from a large steel superstructure that consists of an upper cupola and support ring, roof beams, posts, connectors, cross beams and flanges plus a plurality of interior posts all of which define either a single level or multiple level structure; a single or multi-tiered roof; and define an interior central utility core space to house electrical, mechanical plumbing and electronic equipment, a corollary functional space, alcoves to house equipment and storage units germane to that function, a perimeter station to service the building cliental, and in some instances to extend up to the top of the structure to provide structural support for an upper support ring and cupola.
2. A pre-fabricated, portable, polygon Gazebo structure where the main vertical structural posts are surrounded by over-sized large diameter pillars to give the appearance of strength, durability, and longevity whereby the pillars are circular or polygon in shape and are either non-functional and made of panels clad with decorative stone, wood, metal, glass, or mirrors; or are functional and consist of columns of stacked containers, vessels, or niches bound by a series of vertical brackets that clasp the rear profiles of adjoining containers, vessels or niches so that they can sleeve up and down the brackets and be secured by a cap block to prevent their removal and where the spaces between the pillars can remain open or can be glassed-in with floor to ceiling windows allowing abundant natural light into the structure and making the structure habitable.
3. A pre-fabricated, portable, polygon Gazebo structure with a central utility core (CUC) to house all utility, electrical, electronic, mechanical, office, and digital equipment and apparatus plus space for a corollary function to the main Gazebo use such as a washroom, kitchen, operating theatre, X-ray room, MIR room, imaging room, control room, vault, secured communication room, specialty storage facility, or document archive; plus a series of perimeter alcoves to house specialty equipment or storage related to the main Gazebo use or the corollary function taking place in the CUC interior space.
3.1 A CUC that contains but is not limited to: electric wiring, electric control box, electricity meter, water pipes, water meter, hot water heater, water chiller, water purifier, plumbing pipes, sewer pipes, garbage compactor, garbage recycle unit, compost holder, copper piping, PVC pipe, vault or safe, fire extinguishers, video surveillance, computer, servers, monitors, printers, fax, phone junction box, cable, fiber optic cables, wireless LAN terminals, TV, CD and DVD players, speakers, furnace, heating, air conditioning, air purifiers, medical gas, air ventilation and exhaust, appliance heat and gas exhaust, bathroom exhaust ducts, air circulation, root cellar, underground cool air ducts, closets for cleaning equipment, central vacuum equipment and hose.
3.2. A CUC that provides interior space for a corollary function to support the main use of the Gazebo accompanied by modular wedge-shaped alcoves around the perimeter that support either the main Gazebo function; or corollary function of the CUC and has doors that either open outward to the whole Gazebo and house specialty equipment pertaining to the principal function of the Gazebo; or open inward to the interior of the CUC and house specialty equipment pertaining to the corollary function of the CUC; or open both outward and inward with supplies or equipment critical to both functions.