Method and apparatus for conversion of the difference between the high temperature of the heat-accumulating working medium, in the limited space at the focus of concentration of the sun-heat radiation reflected by the parabolical mirror, during the light hours, and the lower temperature of the working medium, accumulating cold of the cosmic space, during the night hours, into the electrical power & cold-productivity, realized and called for service the clock round

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention pertains to the field of conversion of the high difference of temperatures into the electrical or some other power conformably to accumulation of the concentrated Sun-heat, up to its materialization through the hydrogen—fuel, but also may be considered conformably to realization of the high-potential heat of some other origin in those cases when the object with the high temperature may be placed close enough to the object with the lower temperature.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (MOTIVATING FACTORS AND KNOWN FACTS)

When the author was solving problems of obtaining of the fresh water from the atmospheric air and of the hydrogen—fuel from the fresh water, basing his solutions only on energy of Sun-heat and the cosmic cold, he (me) collided with the necessity to fill up two gaps. The first of them is the gap between the well known and quite developed methods and devices for the electrolytical decomposing of water into hydrogen and oxygen and methods and devices for getting the Sun-radiation-heat and for accumulating this heat by a working medium which changes its state of aggregation at the relatively high temperature. The second gap is the accumulation of the night cosmic cold.

The known transformers of the Sun-radiation into electrical power, despite they are the successful energy-suppliers for many on-Earth and cosmic objects, can not be chosen for filling up the first aforesaid gap in virtue of the very serious negative moments: 1) the huge (thousands of square metres) surface area of perception of the power of the Solar-light—not of the Sun-heat power, which area makes practically impossible to protect it from as wind affection, as pollutions made by insects, birds and atmospherical precipitations and completely impossible to follow the Sun-movement along the sky-sphere; 2) the practical unfitness for accumulation of the Sun-heat by some working medium because of impossibility of its distribution under such a huge surface area of the Sun-radiation perception.

The known (by books of reference and text-books) conductive transformers of the difference of temperatures into difference of electrical potentials—the electric-driving-force (E.D.F.), which transformers are the measuring thermocouples, are unfit for energetic needs because of their too modest coefficient of transformation (only about 0.04+0.07 mV/° C.) that requires to gather many hundreds of thousands of thermocouples and makes engineering and spending difficulties irresistible. But the well known (by books of reference and text-books) semiconductive thermo-electrical transformers are good enough for the energetic needs, having their efficiency about 15% and their coefficient of transformation about 5+10 mV/° C. that is quite acceptable to fill up the first aforesaid gap with this invention which has to add the aforesaid leading invention. They were mailed concurrently with my HZ001 and 002.

And as concerns (to) accumulation of the night cosmic cold, this thing, having been discovered first only in the aforesaid leading invention, is not yet to refer to it.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In its embodiment as a method, the invention provides: 1) to accumulate the Sun-heat, was gotten concentrated at the focus of the parabolical mirror, through the reversible change from solid into liquid state of aggregation of some part of mass of a working medium which medium may be supposed: to be a body of lower thermal stability inside a heat-absorbing or an one-directedly heat-radiation-transparent enclosure of higher thermal stability; to be (with the lowest probability of some practical realization) a heat-radiation-transparent enclosure of lower thermal stability gets warmed from inside by a heat-absorbing body of higher thermal stability located within this enclosure; to be (with the highest probability of the really practical realization) a heat-absorbing body of lower thermal stability located within an enclosing heat-absorbing body of higher thermal stability and of ability to be mechanically loaded which enclosing body, in its turn, located within an enclosing one-directedly heat-radiation-transparent enclosure of high thermal stability; 2) to transform into differences of electrical or thermodynamical potentials the difference between the limitedly (to keep safe the transformer) highest temperature of the melting—crystallization of the “hot” working medium and the relatively low temperature of the “cold” working medium; which low temperature gets stabilized through accumulation of the night cosmic cold changes, from liquid into solid state of aggregation, some part of the “cold” working medium; which difference of electrical potentials is the electric-driving-force (E.D.F.) between two “p-n” junctions of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer when one of these junctions—the “hot” one absorbs the stable temperature of the “hot” working medium and other of them absorbs the stable temperature of the “cold” working medium; which “hot” and “cold” working mediums never get completely melted or completely crystallized and keep their heat-exchange with those “hot” and “cold” “p-n” junctions 24 hours a day every day; which semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer completes the circuit of an recipient of its E.D.F.;

which differences of thermodynamical potentials concern the sides of the high and low pressures as of the refrigerant in the heat-exchangers of the absorption refrigeration machine, as of the working medium in the heat-exchangers of the closed heat-contour of heat-mechanical electro-generating machine.

In its embodiment as an apparatus, the invention provides the necessary and adequate combinations of the necessary and adequate components which components are:

{circle around (1)} Getting conjointly or partedly (not in one and the same device),

The semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer with its two—the “hot” and the “cold” “p-n” junctions;

The heat-absorbing part—the boiler of the absorption refrigeration machine & of heat-mechanical machine that(those) goes(go) instead of or conjointly with the “hot” junction of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer; as well as the heat-losing (the cooled) part—the condenser with the absorber of the absorption refrigeration machine & the condenser of the heat-mechanical machine those go instead or conjoin the “cold” junction of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer.

{circle around (2)} The accumulator of the concentrated Sun-heat—the thermostat for the “hot” “p-n” junction & for the boiler of the absorption refrigeration machine & heat-mechanical machine, which accumulator includes the heat-radiation-transparent enclosure and the heat-radiation absorbing body inside this enclosure.
{circle around (3)} The accumulator of cold—the thermostat for the “cold” junction & the absorber with the condenser of the absorption refrigeration machine & the condenser of the heat-mechanical machine, which accumulator includes the receiver of the night cosmic cold possessing the one-directed heat-transfer to cosmos.
{circle around (4)} Electro-conductors to complete the electro-circuit of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer and its electro-recipient(s) (for the first aforesaid gap, this recipient is the electrolyzer of the fresh water—producer of hydrogen and oxygen), as well as conductors of the working mediums—tubes to set the heat-absorbing and the heat-losing (cooled) parts into closed heat contour(s) of the refrigeration & heat-mechanical machine(s).
{circle around (5)} Devices to get the components 1+4 supported and reciprocatedly moveable along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror.

The semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer, even if it was gotten from numbers of patterns are manufactured in many countries, may be somehow acceptable to use it in this invention as a component makes get adapted to itself all other components of the invention as an apparatus. But, to design this transformer conjointly with other components and then to manufacture it customerwise would be much better. The same may concern the heat-absorbing part (boiler) and the heat-losing (cooled) parts (absorber, condenser) of the absorption refrigeration machine and of the heat-mechanical machine.

A design of the accumulator of the concentrated Sun-heat—the thermostat for the “hot” “p-n” junction of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer & for boilers has to fit the following requirements:

the heat-absorbing body has to possess the same average density (mass/volume) that the material of the heat-radiation-transparent enclosure possesses, being in its melted state,—such is the condition of conservation of position of this body inside the partly melted enclosure if the heat-stability of this body is higher than the heat-stability of the material of such an enclosure, despite the nullity of probability of such a situation; if the heat-stability of the enclosure is higher than the heat-stability of the heat-absorbing body, the position of this body inside the enclosure is conserved by conservation of solidity of such an enclosure;

the heat-radiation-transparent enclosure has to prevent from losing any heat through its wall back to environment and to limit the heat-influx to the outside layer of its wall, which layer may be considered (however the probability is null) as the mechanically loaded one when the inside layer of its wall is melted;

the full preference has to be given to a design with two heat-absorbing bodies—the internal one which possesses the lower heat-stability, and the outer one which possesses the higher heat-stability and can serve as a mechanically-loaded tank, wherein the heat-radiation-transparent enclosure may be only to prevent from losing the absorbed heat back to environment;

A design of the accumulator of cold—the thermostat for the “cold” “p-n” junction & condensers and the absorber which accumulator includes the receiver of the night cosmic cold possesses the one-directed heat-transfer only to cosmos, has to suppose the following circumstances:

immersion of the “cold” “p-n” junction in the thermostat has to be from below upwards same as the only direction of the heat-transfer from this accumulator-thermostat to cosmos has to be (to go);

the fresh water and salt-water-solutions change reversibly the state of aggregation from liquid into solid in the interval of temperatures between 0° C. and −50° C. and, possessing the high enough value of the specific melting-heat (about 70+80 Kcal/Kg), can be considered as the ideal working medium for cold-accumulating and thermostatting of the “cold” “p-n” junction; but, possessing the electro-conduction, they are not advisable for immersion in them any objects with opposite electrical potentials, which objects, in such a case, have to be either electro-insulated or immersed through some heat-conductive, but electro-insulating agent (for example, teflon);

the one-directed heat-transfer from the cold-accumulating, thermostatting working medium from below upwards to cosmos may be realized in the best way by the well known device—the super-heat-conductive tube (the John Perkins' tube), possessing the diode-property, if this device is protected from the strange heat-influxes.

A device of electro-conductors, getting completed the electro-circuit of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer and its electro-recipient(s), and of tubes set the heat-absorbing and the cooled heat-exchangers into the closed heat-contour(s) of the heat-transforming machines, has to suppose the peculiarities of the generally known semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer and known (must probably, coil-like) heat-exchangers in the new (for them) assembly—conditions, prompting the choice of their design—solutions.

No one of the aforenamed components of this invention has to shade the active (except central aperture with radius about 300 mm) part of the parabolical mirror, which mirror may be imagined with radius about 10 m and with its focal axis directed to the centre of the Sun's disk,—so all these components have to be inscribed in the cylindrical room with its radius about 300 mm and with its axis of unlimited length between the focus of this mirror and the centre of the Sun's disk. The real possibility of fulfillment of this requirement gets confirmed by calculation (upon a napkin):

If to suppose that about 300 KW of Sun-heat, which gets concentrated by the aforenamed parabolical mirror (of its 10 m radius) with coefficient of concentrating within 0.5 (let the mirror be a rough one), gets accumulated with coefficient of uncertainty 0.8 and with relative duration of daily accumulation 0.3, gets transformed into electropower with efficiency of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer 0.15,—will turn into the electropower goes to the electrolyzer (300×0.5×0.8×0.3×0.15) 5.4 KW, the value of the electrocurrent, according to coefficient of transformation of potentials about 5 mV/° C. and according to the difference of temperatures between the “hot” and the “cold” “p-n” junctions about 500° C.,—so, according to voltage 2.5V,—will be (5400 W/2.5V) 2160 A. If to limit the current-density at its value 1 A/mm² (such as to keep the electro-conductor cold), the section-area of the electrocurrent-conductor has to be 2160 mm², and this conductor may be imagined as a strip with a section 216 mm×10 mm, or 144 mm×15 mm, or 432 mm×5 mm, or as a combination of strips 2×108 mm×10 mm, or 3×144 mm×5 mm, or 4×108 mm×5 mm, or some else. The power 5.4 KW for electrolyzer during 16 night hours, when this power is not covered by income of the Sun-heat to the focus of the parabolical mirror, has to be replaced (substituted) by the energy (5.4×16/0.15) 576 KWhours that is (576×860) about 500,000 Kcal, which energy has to be accumulated in the heat-accumulator as the heat of transition between states of aggregation of the “hot” working medium. If to suppose this “hot” working medium as an aluminium alloy with its melting temperature about +550° C. and its specific heat of melting about 60 Kcal/Kg and to suppose also that only about 80% of its mass will be melted in the process of the heat-accumulation, this mass has to be (500,000/60×0.8) about 10,400 Kg. If the density of the melted alloy is about 5,000 Kg/m³, the volume for the “hot” working medium- has to be about 2 m³. If to suppose the length of the cylindrical volume 2 m³ about 5 m, its radius will have to be about 360 mm. The same quantity of energy (about 500,000 Kcal) has to be accumulated during 8 night hours in the accumulator of the cosmic cold as the heat of transition between states of aggregation of the “cold” working medium. If this “cold” working medium is the pure fresh water with its melting temperature 0° C. and its specific heat of melting about 80 Kcal/Kg, and if the radius of the cylindrical volume for this working medium is also 360 mm, the length of this volume will have to be (500,000/80×1,000×3.14×0.36²) about 15.5 m. If to determine the specific density of heat-radiation from the condenser of the J. Perkins' tube to cosmos at the temperature 0° C.=+273° K, the value of this density will be (0.95×4.9×(273/100)⁴) 258 Kcal/m²×hour,—so, to radiate 500,000 Kcal during 8 night hours will require the surface-area of the J. Perkins tube's condenser (500,000/8×258) about 242 m², that will require the length of a smooth-surfaced hollow cylinder with its radius about 300 mm (242/3.14×2×0.3) about 128 m (what a huge one!), but if to corrugate this hollow cylinder with deep corrugations which make coefficient of corrugation about 30+40, the length of this cylinder may be reduced up to 4+5 m. If to suppose that it will be enough to add to the radius 360 mm more 2 mm for thickness of the wall of the heat-stable part of the heat-absorbing body, more 5 mm for thickness of the internal wall of the heat-radiation-transparent enclosure, more 15 mm for the vacuum heat-insulation, and more 5 mm for thickness of the outer wall of the heat-radiation-transparent enclosure, the increased radius of the cylinder goes alignedly to the focal axis of the parabolical mirror will prove to be (360+27) about 390 mm. If to add more 20 mm for laying electroconductors & tubes along this cylinder, the final radius will be 410 mm. The shade of its radius 0.41 m will damage the heat-concentrating area of the parabolical mirror of its radius 10 m, but the percentage of this damage (100×0.41²/10²) 0.17% is beyond to be unacceptable. The “upon a napkin”-calculation has shown that components of this invention as an apparatus can be located in the cylindrical room of about 400 mm in radius and of about 25 m in length, being together of about 25 tons in weight,—so they together are beyond to be unacceptable as well. In addition to that, the aforesaid presence of the 5 m in length cylinder of the “hot” working medium in the accumulator of the Sun-heat prompts the necessity of the reciprocating movement, along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror, of all the 25 m in length cylindrical composition, such as, before the night break, to get melted at least 80% of the mass of the “hot” working medium. So, devices to realize such a movement are also the quite necessary components of this invention.

In so far as the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer has to take its place within the cylindrical room along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror between two accumulators, one of which—the “hot” one has to be cylindrical at least because the parabolical mirror, in its outer contour, has, as the simplest, to stay round, the design-arrangement of the semiconductive thermo-electrical transformer, with its “hot” (heat-absorbing) “p-n” junction below and with its “cold” (cooled) “p-n” junction upwards, suppose to arrange this transformer either as a battery of some concentric hollow vertical cylinders—transformers, or as a battery of some radially-packed in the vertical cylindrical room flat vertical transformers, or as one single whole spirally packed in the vertical cylindrical room vertical transformer. The structural advantages as of the electro-current collectors (buses), which, at the same time, will serve as substrates of the (semiconductive) wafers of “p” and “n” types and have to come out from the middle zone between the “hot” and the “cold” junctions by the possibly shortest route, as of the heat-conductors, which also will serve as substrates of wafers of “p” and “n” types, prompt to prefer the battery from the vertical flat transformers are radially packed in the cylindrical room. The lower (heated) part of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer, in order to prevent from the short circuit between substrates of positive and negative wafers, may be immersed in the melted dielectric (for example, glass) with the melting temperature and density some lower than the melting temperature and density of the “hot” working medium (aluminium alloy) in the thermostat. The upper (cooled) part of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer, for the same reason, may be covered by some film of dielectric possesses the high heat-conduction (for example, teflon).

The lower (heated) part of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer, in its locality, may be replaced or refilled by the boiler of the absorption refrigeration machine & heat-mechanical machine, and the upper (cooled) part of this transformer, in its locality,—by the absorber and condenser of this refrigeration machine & by condenser of this heat-mechanical machine.

THE BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 gives a notion about the general design-arrangement of whole combination of the substantial components of this invention together with the parabolical mirror—concentrator of the Sun-heat, which concentrator is refilled by this invention, and, being drawn on some scale according to the aforegiven “upon a napkin” calculation, gives also a notion about proportions of these components and this parabolical mirror.

FIG. 2 gives a notion about the provided (by this invention) design and arrangement of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer and about its interaction with the “hot” and “cold” thermostats.

FIG. 3 gives a notion about the provided (by this invention) design and arrangement of the “hot” accumulator of the concentrated Sun-heat.

FIG. 4 gives a notion about the provided (by this invention) design and arrangement of the “cold” accumulator with its receiver of the night cosmic cold and with its thermostat of the “cold” working medium.

FIG. 5 gives some more detailed notion about the provided (by this invention) rigging of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer with electro-conductors and electro-current collectors (buses) those complete the electro-circuit of this transformer and its electro-recipient(s).

FIG. 6 gives some more detailed notion about the provided (by this invention) general arrangement of devices to get the whole combination of the heat (cold)-absorbing and transforming components supported and reciprocatedly movable along and alignmently the focal axis of the parabolical mirror.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer 1 (FIG. 1) is installed and fastened, between the “hot” accumulator 2 of the concentrated Sun-heat and the “cold” accumulator 3 of cold, in such a way that the “hot” “p-n” junction 4 and the “cold” “p-n” junction 5 of the thermoelectrical transformer 1 are immersed, accordingly, in the “hot” and the “cold” thermostats of these accumulators while this transformer's middle zone, which is embraced by the annular parts of positive and negative electro-collectors (buses) 6 and 7 those, then, go under the mirror (the transformer 1 is installed alignmently with the focal axis of this parabolical mirror that belongs to the leading invention) to get completed the electro-circuit of the transformer 1 and its electro-recipient(s) (is (are) not introduced in the drawings), is just between these two accumulators 2 and 3. The totality of components 1+7 is hung, as the united weight load, by several (not less than three) identical devices 8 such as to be supported and to get reciprocatedly movable along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror, that is quite necessary for the cyclical (within hours of the active receiving of the Sun-heat) attendance in the focus 9 of the parabolical mirror of all sections of the long enough “hot” accumulator 2. In so far as such reciprocated shaffle has to be realized simultaneously with the altering of azimuth and height of the axis and focus of the parabolical mirror are directed to the moving by the sky-sphere Sun (such altering is provided by the leading invention), all devices 8, in their turn, are rested upon the load-receiving shell 10 of the parabolical mirror—not upon the set in ground base of this mirror (such way is much simpler). The parabolical mirror and its load-receiving shell 10 are introduced in their axis-section.

The FIG. 2 gets the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer 1 (FIG. 1) introduced by four sections: three of them are cross-sections and one of them is the longitudinal section (please, look at cross-sections A-A, B-B, and C-C, and the longitudinal section D-D within its part concerns the middle zone of the transformer 1 (FIG. 1)), giving a notion, accordingly, about the design-arrangement in the zone of the “cold” “p-n” junctions, in the middle zone, in the zone of the “hot” “p-n” junctions, and about design-arrangement of the electro-collectors (buses) at the middle zone of the transformer 1. In the zone 5 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions (section A-A, FIG. 2), pairs of the radially packed in the vertical cylindrical room flat vertical semiconductive wafers II of “p”-property and—12 of “n”-property get formed the “p-n” transitions being in the ideal electrical (electron-vacancy) contact 13 with each other by the plane of their (bearing) fit (the cold welding) or in their soldered connection. Getting assembled mechanically, thermally and electrically in the united composition by the means of the V-shaped profiles (sections) 14, which are in the ideal contact 15 with planes of wafers 11 of “p”-property and in the ideal contact 16 with planes of wafers 12 of “n”-property, and, being placed between the adjacent pairs of the wafers of the one and the same property, perform functions of the mechanical carcass, heat-conductors, and equalizers of “p” and “n” electro-potentials along the joint area of two wafers of “p” or “n”-property, these pairs of wafers are electro-insulated from any other (strange) electrical contacts by the means of the reliable thickness 17 of the electroinsulating, anticorrosive, and well-heat-conductive material (for example, teflon). At the border between the zone 5 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions (section A-A, FIG. 2) and the middle zone (section D-D, FIG. 3), this thickness 17 gets united with the monolithic washer 18 of the casing 19, those are made from the same (teflon) material and embrace hermetically, accordingly, the close to the border part of the zone 51 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions and the lower part of the loaded enclosure of the accumulator 3 of cold (FIG. 1). The sectoral gullets of the V-shaped profiles (sections) 14 (section A-A, FIG. 2) are filled with water (as cold as 0° C. and, being a salt-solution,—as up to −50° C.) or with ice, those are restrained by the washer 18 and the casing 19.

In the middle zone (section B-B, FIG. 2), the same, but the gotten prolonged pairs of the radially packed in the vertical room wafers 11 and 12, do not get formed the “p-n”-transitions. On the contrary, they are electrically insulated from each other by the thickness 17 of some other (no teflon) electroinsulating material of the much lower (the lowest possible) heat-conductivity, which thickness fills the gaps between wafers 11 and 12 in each of their pairs, while the taking turns sectoral gullets, those are bordered by surfaces of wafers either 11 or 12, accordingly, of “p” or “n”-property, are filled, with the ideal electrical contact, separatedly at the “hot” and at the “cold” end of this zone, with the metal wedges 20 of high electro-conduction, which wedges do not contact either each other or the V-shaped profiles (sections) 14, but are gathered (monolithically or with the ideal electrical contact with each even-other even (with each odd-other odd,—so, over one) by the means of the annular bandages 21 and 22, accordingly, of the positive or the negative electro-collectors (buses), which collectors are one above other (section D-D, FIG. 2), do not contact each other, are covered by the reliable thickness 17 of some electroinsulating material of the high heat-conductivity, and are (each of them separately) prolonged (being connected monolithically or with the ideal electrical and thermal contact) by a group of several directed downwards—under the parabolical mirror collectors (buses), which, in their turn, are covered by the thickness 17 of the same electro-insulating material of the high heat-conductivity (for example, teflon). In the zone 4 (FIG. 1) of the “hot” “p-n” junctions (section C-C, FIG. 2), the same prolonged pairs of the radial packed in the vertical cylindrical room wafers 11 of “p”-property and wafers 12 of “n”-property do (again) get formed the “p-n”-transition, being (again) in the ideal electrical (electron-vacancy) contact 13 with each other by the plane of their bearing (the cold welding) or in their soldered connection. They are assembled mechanically, thermally, and electrically in the united composition (again) by the means of the V-shaped profiles (sections) 14, which are (same as in the zone 5 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions (section A-A, FIG. 2)) in the ideal contact 15 with planes of wafers 11 of “p”-property and in the ideal contact 16 with planes of wafers 12 of “n”-property, and, being (again) placed between the adjacent pairs of the wafers of the one and the same property, perform (again) functions of the mechanical carcass, heat-conductors, and equalizers of “p” and “n” electro-potentials along the joint area of two wafers of “p” or “n”-property. But, in difference of the zone 5 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions (section A-A, FIG. 2), they (“p” and “n”-property wafers) are prevented from any strange electro-contacts by the melt of some thermo-stable and electro-insulating material (for example glass at its temperature about 500° C., which temperature keeps the semiconductive materials of wafers 11 and 12 beyond possible thermal damages or changings of their working properties) which material is, indeed, the electro-insulating heat-transmitter 23 from the thermostatting working medium in the “hot” accumulator 2 (FIG. 1) of the concentrated Sun-heat, into which heat-transmitter 23, the zone 4 (FIG. 1) of the “hot” “p-n” junctions of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer 1 (FIG. 1) got immersed.

The FIG. 3 gets the accumulator 2 (FIG. 1) of the concentrated Sun-heat introduced by the lower part of the longitudinal axial section D-D (FIG. 1). The embracing the zone 4 (FIG. 1) of the “hot” “p-n” junctions of the thermoelectrical transformer 1 (FIG. 1) heat-transmitter 23 (FIGS. 2 and 3), with its temperature about 500° C. and its density quite lower than the density of the keeping it floatable thermostatting working medium 24 (FIG. 3), together with this working medium 24, which is as hot as 550° C.+600° C. and as possessive of density as about 5 g/cm³, both get filled the vessel 25 which (if to keep on following the “upon a napkin” calculation) is made in its measure about 360 mm (radius) by about 5 m (length) overall from some relatively thin-walled, but mechanically and thermally stable, load and heat-standing heat-conductive material (for example, the stainless steel), allowing the local (by its length) wall's overheating up to 800° C.+900° C. under the weight-loading (by the melts inside this vessel) not less than 10,500 Kg. The outer surface of the vessel 25 is embraced, with a gap (for the vacuum heat-insulation), but hermetically, by the heat-radiation-transparent enclosure 26, made from some thermostable and quite heat-resistant material, for example, quartz glass. In order to limit the radiation-heat-losses through the enclosure 26, the internal surface of this enclosure 26 got treated such as to return the heat-radiation leaves the surface of the vessel 25, because of some inperpendicularity of falling upon this surface, back quite perpendicularily to this surface. In order to limit the convective-heat-losses through enclosure 26, the capacity of the cavity 27 between surfaces of the enclosure 26 and of the vessel 25 got vacuumized.

In addition to that, the wall of the enclosure 26 got prevented from destruction by the atmospheric pressure by the means of juts 28 on its internal surface, which juts 28 are rested on springs 29 serving as the mechanically flexible heat-insulators between the juts 28 and the big with deformation wall of the vessel 25. Vacuum in the cavity 27 and the atmospheric pressure, which affects the outer surface of the enclosure 26 with its radius of the horizontal projection about 300 mm, may result in retaining of the enclosure 26 at the vessel 25 by the atmospheric pressure acting against the weight up to 2500 Kg, that is much more than its possible real weight. To get the reliable sealing of the vacuum cavity 27 at the expense of the atmospheric pressure is attainable as well, for example, by the means of the annular U-shaped seal device 30 made from the relatively heat-standing, but flexible alloy (for example, of aluminium and copper) and by the means of strengthening of the cylindrical verge of the enclosure 26 by the strong shell 31. The summary weight of the vessel 25, plus the filling this vessel bodies 23 and 24, plus the hanging under the vessel 25 enclosure 26, and plus the floating in the melt of the heat-transmitter 23 thermoelectrical transformer 1 (FIGS. 3 and 1), which summary weight is not more than 15,000 Kg (if to keep on following the “upon a napkin” calculation), is hung-under to the body of the accumulator 3 (FIG. 1) of cold by the means of the pendants 32 (FIG. 3) those get the vessel 25 drawn to this body of the accumulator 3 and by the means of the monolithic washer 33, made alike the washer 18 (FIG. 2, section A-A), but from the heat-standing material (for example, the high-temperature cast ceramics), and the struts 34 those get quite sealed the melt of the heat-transmitter 23 and the zone 4 (FIG. 1) of the “hot” “p-n” junctions in the upper part of the vessel 25.

In the FIG. 4, the accumulator 3 (FIG. 1) of cold is introduced by the upper part of the longitudinal axis section D-D (FIG. 1). This accumulator 3 of cold is a hollow cylinder 35 (FIG. 4) which is hermetically closed from below by the casing 19 (FIG. 2, section A-A as well) with its washer 18 (FIG. 3, section D-D as well) those continue the thickness 17 (FIG. 2, section A-A as well) of the heat-conductive electroinsulating and anticorrosive material which covers whole outer surface of all details of the immersed in this cylinder zone 5 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions. From above, this cylinder 35 is hermetically closed by the partly immersed in its upper part receiver 36 of the cosmic cold, which receiver is filled, in all its vecant capacity, by the thermostatting working medium 37. This working medium 37 changes reversibly its state of aggregation (solid-liquid) at the temperature about 0° C. (if it is the fresh water) or below 0° C. up to −55° C. (if it is the solution of “CaCl₂” with its density about 1,300 Kg/m³). The outer element surface of the cylinder 35 is embraced by heat insulation 38 which may be (same as it made for the “hot” accumulator 2 (FIG. 1)) the vacuumized cavity between this surface and an embracing enclosure. The element wall of the cylinder 35 is the mechanical load-carrying structure which is joint with and loaded by all other components of the apparatus and interacts with devices 8 (FIG. 1) such as to be supported and reciprocatedly moved, together with those components, along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror.

The receiver 36 of the cosmic cold (look, please, at its mention in the summary of the invention) is the J. Perkins' heat-conductive tube which is filled with the working medium. The boiling-point of this working medium is some lower than the temperature of the liquid-solid transition of the thermostatting the zone 5 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions working medium 37 in the accumulator 3 of cold,—so, it is about −5° C.+−55° C. The evaporator 39 of this J. Perkins' tube is fulfiled in the form of lots of thin-walled hollow tentacles, filled with the boiling medium, those pierce the thermostatting working medium 37, approaching and almost touching the zone 5 (FIG. 1) of the “cold” “p-n” junctions immersed in this working medium 37. The condenser 40 of this J. Perkins' tube, with its huge (if, to compare to the evaporator 39) corragated surface of radiation, is prevented from the outer convective and radiant heat-influxes by the means of the one-directedly heat-transparent enclosure 41. The cavity between this enclosure 41 and the outer surface of the condenser 40 is vacuumized while the internal and outer surfaces of this enclosure 41 are treated such as to maximize the absorbing of the heat-radiation from inside (ε≅0.96+0.98) and to minimize the absorbing of the heat-radiation from outside of the enclosure (ε≅=0.04+0.05). In addition to that, the washer 18 and the casing 19 (FIG. 4), in order to prevent from heat-exchange through them, are additionally heat-insulated at their side looking at the middle zone of the thermoelectrical transformer 1 (FIG. 1), as it is noticed in the FIG. 4.

In the FIG. 5, the electro-conductors 6 and 7 (FIG. 1), with their annular bandages 21 and 22 (FIG. 2, section B-B) completing the electro-circuit of the thermoelectrical transformer 1 (FIG. 1) and its electro-recipient(s), are introduced schemically—without any scale or proportionality of their sections. The reciprocated shuffle of the totality of components 1+7 (FIG. 1) along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror as well as the altering of azimuth and height of this focal axis itself result in the necessity to have, in each of the electro-conductors 6 and 7, some deformable (for example, wattled) section 42 before their fixed sections 43, connected to the electro-recipient(s), which is(are) not introduced. Each of electro-conductors 6 and 7 (look, please, at the summary and at the “upon a napkin” calculation of the invention as an apparatus) is represented by the combination of strips 44, for example, 4×144 mm×5 mm, that makes easier to lay these electro-conductors along the “hot” accumulator 2 (FIG. 2) without to add significantly the shade gets upon the parabolical mirror. Such a laying, which crosses the zone of irradiation of the accumulator 2 (FIG. 2) by the concentrated Sun-heat, requires to protect each of the strips 44, within this zone, by a heat-standing screen-jacket 45 made from ceramics.

And in addition to that, the shade will be minimized if to lay strips, which are protected by screen-jackets, in the radial order.

In the FIG. 6, devices 8 (FIG. 1) for support and reciprocated shuffle of the totality of components 1+7 (FIG. 1) along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror, are introduced by the structurally-kinematical diagram that corresponds with the FIG. 1. Each of devices 8 (FIGS. 1 and 6) may, for example, be a combination of the driven lever 46 of the first order, which is hingely rested upon the load-receiving shell 10 (FIGS. 1 and 6), and of the crank 47, which is a hanger of the body 35 of the accumulator 3 (FIGS. 1 and 6) of cold (so, of the totality of components 1+7 (FIG. 1)). Load-moments on the lever's 46 arms are balanced by the counterweight 48 off-loading the drive 49. This drive 49 is hingely connected with the end of the lever's 46 arm (loaded by the counterweight 48) as well as with the shell 10 (FIGS. 1 and 6) and, getting altered the interval between axises of its hinges, realizes the swing of ends of the lever 46 and of the crank 47, so, the reciprocated shuffle of the body 35 of the accumulator 3 of cold and, with it together, of the totality 1+7 (FIG. 1) along the focal axis of the parabolical mirror. The totality of the aligned between themselves components 1+7 (FIG. 1) has to be kept aligned with the focal axis of the parabolical mirror in conditions of the permanent altering of azimuth and height of this axis, which axis, only in the equatorial zone of the earth (±23° from equator) and only two times a year takes, for a short moment during the light day, its plumb attitude. The technical solution that allows to keep this alignment may, for example, provide two supporting power-rings 50, located (please, look at the FIG. 1): one—the lower one just under the lower position of the hanger of components 1+7 (FIG. 1) at the end of the crank 47, and the second—the upper one between the upper position of the hanger of components 1+7 (FIG. 1) and the end of the crank 47 and the lower position of the upper end of the body 35 of the accumulator 3 of cold. The power-ring 50 may be shaped like equilateral triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon and so on. Each of these power rings is connected with other one and rested upon the shell 10 (FIGS. 1 and 6) by the means of sets of the power-scape-connections 53 (FIG. 6). Each of these power-rings 50, at its internal element surface is equipped, for example, by rollers 54, such as to interact with the power-ribs 55, those are an equipment of the body 35 of the accumulator 3 of cold or (in the case of the vacuum-heat-insulation) of the enclosure of the vacuumized capacity embracing the body 35 of this accumulator 3. The quantity of sets of the power-scape-connections 51, 52 and 53, of the power-ribs 55 as well as of the devices 8 (FIG. 1) has to be not less than three and each of them has to be symmetrical to others. Any other technical solution, that keeps the alignment of the components 1+7 with the focal axis of the parabolical mirror, is acceptable as well.

Substitution of the lower (heated) part of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer, that may be done by the boiler (for example, by the coil-pipe-made one) and of the upper (cooled) part of this transformer, that may be done by the absorber and condenser or by only condenser (for example, by the coil-pipe-made one(s) as well), doing not change either general structure or details, got introduced in FIGS. 1+6, will be followed only by replacement of the electro-conductors from the middle zone of the thermoelectrical transformer by two pairs of tubes (groups of tubes) from those substituting heat-exchangers.

Addition of those heat-exchangers to the lower (heated) part and to the upper (cooled) part of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer will be followed by addition of those pairs of tubes (groups of tubes) to the electro-conductors from the middle zone of this thermoelectrical transformer.

In addition to that: the flattering of tubes and their laying in the radial order will promote in minimization of the shade upon the parabolical mirror; those of tubes which conduct the cooled medium or the medium that has to be cooled, in the zone of crossing the stream of the concentrated Sun-heat, have to be heat-insulated and protected by the heat-proof juckets; each of those tubes, under the parabolical mirror, has to have the deformable section before to be connected to its recipient.

These just aforesaid possible painless substitution & addition reflects the possible very important choice of the possible way of transformation of the “big” difference of temperatures of the Sun-Cosmic provenance into the electrical power and into refrigeration-output, which way may be:

the straight direct thermoelectrical transformation into the direct electro-current of the high-ampere and the low-voltage, which current is necessary for the electrolyzer to decompose water into hydrogen-oxygen and may also (for some reason) used for the opposite electro-thermo-transformation with obtaining of the cryogenic cold, but, practically, unacceptable for some powerful electro-drive;

the thermodynamical transformation into the cryogenic cold directly fulfiled by the heat-absorbing refrigeration machine;

the thermodynamical transformation fulfiled in the heat-mechanical machine and then the mechanic-electrical transformation into the electro-current of any frequency, strength and voltage to be used in any electro-drives, among them, for an air-compressor - the main part of the refrigeration machine of the air-cycle that is the one of the best way to obtain the cryogenic cold and, through it, to obtain the fresh water from the atmospheric air.

And here, it's necessary to underline that both just aforesaid thermodynamical transformations keep possibilities to get the heat of absorption and of condensation not only directly to the cosmos as a source of cold, but also to the atmospheric and water cold sources, and among them, to sources those are replenished by the accumulated cosmic cold as it is provided by the leading invention (where the parabolical mirror is not only the huge concentrator of the Sun-heat during the light days, but also the huge radiator of heat from the working medium of the huge J. Perkins' tube includes this mirror as its condenser, having its huge evaporator under the ground such as to cool up the working medium of a huge accumulator of the night cosmic cold).

Having completed the detailed description of the invention, to discuss some concomitant moments will not be unnecessary:

1) Possibilities of fouling of the working surfaces of the parabolical mirror and of the heat-radiation-transparent enclosures, which fouling is contributed by the atmospheric dust, insects and birds, has prompted the reducing coefficients 0.5 and 0.8, those, in the “upon a napkin” calculation, take into account not only the possible incorrectness of the parabolical mirror's surface and the surely unreachable focusing upon the cylindrical surface. If, beyond this invention, the prophylactic measures to clean up these surfaces get provided by projection and are successful, the final coefficient of transformation of the light-day Sun-heat into all-day-long electro-power for the electrolyzer, which was figured out as 2% (5.4/300) will prove to be much bigger than this “upon a napkin” one.

2) The concentrated by the parabolical mirror light-day Sun-heat is directed (by the constructive-thermal reasons) onto the cylindrical surface of the vessel 25 (FIG. 3). Such a go assumes to lose some part of Sun-heat on account of some unperpendicularity between some parts of the heat-radiation-stream and the accepting this stream cylindrical surface. The considerable part of the heat-stream, that was reflected (was not accepted) by the cylindrical surface (despite its very roughness), can be returned to this surface, being reflected by the internal surface of the one-directedly transparent for the heat-radiation wall of the enclosure 26 (FIG. 3), which internal surface directs the reflected heat-radiation athwart to the cylindrical surface of the vessel 25 (FIG. 3). If, beyond this invention, the optical projection of the enclosure 26 (FIG. 3) as well as the optical projection of the parabolical mirror get realized the expected results, the final coefficient of transformation of the light-day Sun-heat into 24 hours electro-power for the electrolyzer, so, this electro-power itself, will be bigger than it was figured out by the “upon a napkin” calculation even more.

3) The arrangemental solution of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer, which is remarkable by its huge (more than 2 m²) summary area of its “hot” or “cold” “p-n” junctions and by its two (not one!) current pick-offs those are separated and belong one to the “hot” and other to the “cold” end of the transformer such as to reduce losses of power for the Joule's—heat on account of very limitation of the heat-conduction that is limited also by the very length of the middle zone between the “hot” and the “cold” “p-n” junctions, is truly extraordinary. If this arrangemental solution results in rising, up to 25%+35%, of efficiency of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformation, as it quite may be expected, the summary coefficient of transformation of the light-day Sun-heat into the 24 hours electro-power for electrolyzer and this electro-power itself, indeed, will be additionally as much as twice bigger than their “upon a napkin” evaluation.

4) Effectiveness of heat-transfer to the heat-exchangers which may be located in the “hot” and “cold” thermostats either together with or instead of, accordingly, “hot” and “cold” “p-n” junctions of the semiconductive thermoelectrical transformer, can be expected considerably higher than it is achievable for the known steam-generators, boilers of refrigerants, absorbers and condensers in the known conditions, in so far as, being, in conditions of this invention, set in the medium which counteracts the high pressure of their working medium, these heat-exchangers may be made with their heat-transfer-wall of considerably less thickness and, at the same time, gain the coefficient of the heat-transfer to this wall from the medium they are set in. This advantage, to a full extent, concerns absorbers and condensers those are set in the accumulator of the cosmic cold provided by the leading invention to be located under the ground.

5) The “napkinly” made apparent imposing sizes and weight of the apparatus got proposed by this invention concern not only and not so the accumulation, for all day long, of the light-day Sun-heat concentrated by the parabolical mirror, but, at the same time, the accumulation, for all day long, of the night cosmic cold, in the same amount. These sizes and weight are dictated by the natural factors.

So, if even the progress in the field of creating of new semiconductive, thermostatting, heat-transferring and heat-protecting materials is perspectively able to reduce a little bit the length and the weight of the totality of components are aligned with the focal axis of the parabolical mirror, the dead dependence of the radius of this mirror upon the quantity of the necessary light-day Sun-heat accumulation, upon the density of the Sun-heat-stream is given to our Earth, upon rotations of the light day and night darkness will stay the same for ever. Correlatively, it should be liked to engage one's attention to the “napkinly” made apparent proportions of the parabolical mirror of 20 m in its diameter and of the 25 m′ length of the totality of the aligned with the focal axis of this mirror components of the apparatus. Any one can see here just proportions, no disproportions,—things are in harmony.

The Great Russian aircraft-designer of the 20^th century A. N. Toopolev and many his famous Russian Contemporaries in aviation, doing not settle, were noticing, in their no confidential writings, that the beauteous machines fly better. Evidently, the French, the English, the American Greats did never doubt about it.