Latch Assembly for Torque Management

Description

BACKGROUND

Field of the Disclosure

This disclosure generally relates to machines, tools, systems, and the like used in the oil and gas industry for torque management (e.g., restraint) of a drilling machine, such as a power swivel. More specifically, the disclosure relates to a quick connect latch assembly, which may be used for managing torque generated by operation of a machine (a power swivel or the like). The latch assembly can be a quick connect assembly. The disclosure further pertains to a cable or wire rope quick connect assembly for torque reaction.

Background of the Disclosure

When drilling for oil or gas, a wellbore is typically drilled using a drill bit attached to the lower end of a “drill string.” The process of drilling a well typically includes a series of drilling, tripping, casing and cementing, and repeating as necessary. The process of doing well servicing on a previously drilled, completed, and producing well uses many of the same operations although rotation is only required for operations such as milling out a packer and/or sometimes for drilling the well deeper.

Normally, relatively large drilling rigs are used for these wells, which utilize a ‘kelly’ table and associated equipment. Rigs of this sort take up an enormous amount of surface area and are typically capable of generating rotary torques of 35,000 foot-pounds (47,460 joules) or more.

FIG. 1A shows a simplified view of a conventional drilling operation 100 using a powerful driver. A derrick 102 (or drilling rig) is configured to rotate a drill string 104 that has a drill bit 106 disposed at a lower end of the drill string 104, typically using a driver unit 110 and associated equipment. The driver unit 110 rotates the string 104 and the drill bit 106 to do drilling or milling work downhole in the wellbore 108

Near the derrick 102, a plurality of tubular members 103a are often stored on a pipe rack(s) 112. The pipe rack 112 is relatively near the ground, and substantially below the rig floor 115. Therefore, tubulars 103, 103a must be transported to the rig floor 115 joint by joint for use in drilling or servicing operations.

Pipe handling systems are utilized to transport the tubular 103 from the pipe rack 112 and present the tubular 103 to rig floor 115 for use by rig floor personnel. Such pipe handling systems are commonly available from rental companies, well servicing or drilling companies, and the like. These systems are typically known as pipe handlers or hydraulic catwalks, which are operated to move the tubular(s) 103 from a horizontal position on the catwalk 113, up an inclined ramp or V-door 114, to the rig floor in the derrick 102 where rig floor personnel can latch on with an elevator and raise the pipe to a vertical position.

The derrick structures of these large drilling rigs require high capital and operating cost, including significant transport logistics. The rigs may be assembled on site and must be capable of withstanding rotary torques and other loads. As a result of size and strength, the derrick structure of these assembled drilling rigs need not require guy wire torsional or other support of these derrick structures.

For operations of less demand, and that do not require larger torques, a reduced-size and portable workover rig may be used. FIG. 1B shows a simplified view of a conventional drilling operation 100a that utilizes a workover rig 121. The rig 121 may have mast 102a suitable for erecting onsite, thus avoiding the need for a large derrick that requires complete assembly. The mast 102a may have a first portion 101a and a second portion 102b that telescope together for easy transport.

The rig 121 is positioned, and the mast 0102a is raised proximate the well/wellhead 122. Rotation is typically accomplished using driver, namely, a power swivel 110, thus eliminating the need for the kelly and associated equipment. To manage torque, torque reaction cables are used to mitigate torque loads generated by the power swivel, which is typically supported on a hook or travelling block 116. Resultant torque from operation is reacted through an arm of the power swivel 110 coupled with a wire line or torque cable that is tensioned on the rig between top or crown and bottom or rig floor. In this manner, the power swivel 110 can apply torque to a tubular (e.g., 103, FIG. 1A) while moving up or down the rig 102a with the pipestring.

Torques generated by the power swivel 110 are known to be limited, given the limited size of the rig 102a. For example, a torque limit of 2500 ft-lbs (3390 joules) is typical. Even with these torque limitations, there are unwanted safety risks, hardware damage risks, or other problems. To accommodate torque management, the power swivel 110 is configured with a torque arm bail pin, as well as a telescoping bar and tube. The end of the bar has historically been coupled with a torque reaction cable, such as via a shackle or hoop (with the cable passing therethrough.

The drawbacks of this configuration are numerous. For example, after continuous use the sliding friction between the shackle and (wire) cable can suffer integral damage, thus causing them to break, resulting in chance of injury to personnel and/or damage to equipment. Moreover, when torque is applied on the shackle, this results in sliding friction against the cable, which then increases stresses resulting in eventual cable failure/breaking. On top of rig floor, the shackle bolt needs to be removed to put over the wire. This results in a safety hazard if the bolt or shackle or tools are dropped on personnel below.

For a more elegant solution, torque arm rollers/pulleys/sheaves may be used which roll up and down the wire rope. FIG. 1C shows a conventional torque arm roller assembly 124 that may be coupled with a telescoping rod 123 movable within torque arm housing 122. The torque arm housing 122 may extend outward (such as laterally) from the power swivel 110. As the power swivel 110 moves up/down to with the pipe string, the torque arm roller assembly 124 follows along the torque guide cable 117 (via sheaves or rollers 118).

The use of the torque arm roller assembly 124, while useful for managing torque reaction, is cumbersome. Every time the rig 102a is erected, the roller assembly 124 must be disassembled and assembled in order to receive the cable 117 therein (or if lowered, remove the cable 117 therefrom).

A need exits for torque management that addresses these deficiencies and concerns. There is a need in the art for an assembly useful for torque management of a power swivel that may save time and increase safety. There is a need for rapid attachment and detachment. The ability to increase efficiency and save operational time and expense while increasing safety leads to considerable competition in the marketplace. Achieving any ability to save time, or ultimately cost, while increasing safety leads to an immediate competitive advantage.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to a latch assembly useful for torque management related to operation of a driver, such as a power swivel. The latch assembly may be configured for rapid or quick attachment/detachment.

Embodiments of the disclosure pertain to a latch assembly that may include a first portion coupled (such as movably) with a second portion. The first portion may include a first housing, a first middle or body, and a first handle. The first housing may include an at least one roller. The first portion may have the first housing proximate to the first body. The first body may have a first body hook or latch. The first portion may have a first mount.

Other embodiments of the disclosure pertain to a latch assembly that may include a first portion or subassembly, and a second portion or subassembly. The first and second portions may be coupled (such as movably) together.

The first portion may include a number of subcomponents, such as a first body, which may have a first body hook. There may be a first handle associated or coupled with the first body.

The second portion may include a respective or second body. There may be a second handle movably coupled or associated with the second body. The second handle may be configured with a second handle hook and/or a second handle hook slot.

In aspects, when the latch assembly is in a first (e.g., closed) position, the first body hook may be engaged with the second handle hook slot. In the first position the second body hook may be engaged with the first handle hook slot.

The first body may include a first body hook slot. The second handle hook may be configured to engage and disengage with the first body hook slot.

The second body may be configured with a second body hook. The first handle may be configured with a first handle hook slot.

In aspects, when the latch assembly is in a second (e.g., open) position, the first body hook may be disengaged from the second handle hook slot, and/or the second body hook may be disengaged from the first handle hook slot. The latch assembly may be movable from the second position to the first position regardless of (user) interaction with the first handle and the second handle.

When the latch assembly is in the first position, the first handle hook may be engaged with the second body hook slot, and/or the second handle hook may be engaged with the first body hook slot.

The latch assembly may be movable from the first position to the second position only when at least one of the first handle and the second handle is moved to a respective handle open position.

The first portion may be identical to the second portion. The first portion may be oriented 180 degrees around a reference point as compared to the second portion.

The first portion may include comprises a first housing, which may have an at least one roller operably disposed therein. The second portion may include a second housing, which may have a respective portion roller operably disposed therein. The housings may be integral to the respective bodies. The portions may have other housings/rollers.

While in the first position, a cable may be disposed or maintained within the latch assembly. In this respect, the cable may be in contact with the at least one roller. A power swivel may be coupled with the latch assembly. A torque arm housing may be configured with a telescoping rod. The telescoping rod may be configured with a telescoping rod end coupled with the latch assembly.

The latch assembly may include a frame coupled with the first portion and the second portion. There may be a hinge member disposed through each of the first portion, the second portion, the telescoping rod end, and/or the frame.

Yet other embodiments of the disclosure may pertain to a torque management system that may have any of: a rig, a pliable member, and a latch assembly. The rig may have a top end and a bottom end. The pliable member may have a first member end connected to the top end and a second member end connected to the bottom end.

The latch assembly may be configured to have the pliable member engaged and disengaged therefrom. The latch assembly may include a first portion having a first body configured with a first body hook. The latch assembly may include a second portion movably coupled with the first portion. The second portion may have a second handle configured with a second handle hook slot.

When the latch assembly is in a first position, the first body hook may be engaged with the second handle hook slot in a manner whereby the pliable member is maintained therein. The latch assembly may have a second position, whereby the first body hook and the second handle hook slot may be decoupled in a manner such that the pliable member may be able to be removed from the latch assembly.

In aspects, a driver such as a power swivel may be coupled with the latch assembly. The power swivel may have a torque arm housing configured with a (telescoping) rod. The rod may be configured with a telescoping rod end coupled with the latch assembly. There may be a bolt or other type of coupling used therewith, thus forming a hinge or pivot point therebetween.

Embodiments herein may pertain to a torque management system. The system may be used for a drilling operation. There may be a rig having a top end and a bottom end. There may be a cable having a first cable end connected to the top end and a second cable end connected to the bottom end. There may be a power swivel operatively connected with the rig. There may be a latch assembly coupled with the power swivel. The latch assembly may be configured to have the cable engaged and disengaged therefrom. The latch assembly may include a first portion, and a second portion. The first portion and the second portion may be directly and/or indirectly coupled with each other. When the latch assembly is in a first position, the first portion and the second portion may couple together in a manner whereby the cable is maintained therein. When the latch assembly is in a second position, the first portion and the second portion may be decoupled in a manner whereby the cable may be readily and freely removed from the latch assembly.

Yet other embodiments of the disclosure pertain to a latch assembly that may have a first subassembly comprising a first contact surface; and a second subassembly movingly coupled with the first subassembly. The second subassembly may include a second contact surface. The first subassembly may be identical to the second subassembly. The second subassembly may be movingly coupled with the first subassembly in a 180 degree opposite orientation with respect to a reference point. The first contact surface may be engaged with the second contact surface when the latch assembly is in a closed position.

These and other embodiments, features and advantages will be apparent in the following detailed description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A full understanding of embodiments disclosed herein is obtained from the detailed description of the disclosure presented herein below, and the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to be limitative of the present embodiments, and wherein:

FIG. 1A is a side view of a process diagram of a conventional derrick operation for an oil and gas production system;

FIG. 1B is a side view of a process diagram of a conventional field-erected power swivel operation for an oil and gas production system;

FIG. 1C is a side view of a process diagram of a conventional torque arm roller for a power swivel;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of a drilling operation according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3A shows a front view of a latch assembly according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3B shows a side view of the latch assembly of FIG. 3A coupled with a power swivel according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3C shows a lateral cross-sectional view of the latch assembly of FIG. 3A in a first or closed position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3D shows a lateral cross-sectional side view of the latch assembly of FIG. 3A in a second or open position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3E shows an isometric lateral cross-sectional side view of the latch assembly of FIG. 3D according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3F shows an isometric component breakout view of the latch assembly of FIG. 3A according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4A shows a downward view of a latch assembly in a closed position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4B shows a downward view of the latch assembly of FIG. 4A in an open position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 5A shows a downward view of a latch assembly in a locked position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 5B shows a side profile view of the latch assembly of FIG. 5B in a closed position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6A shows a frontal view of a latch assembly in a first or closed position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6B shows a frontal view of the latch assembly of FIG. 6A in a second or open position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6C shows an isometric component breakout view of a latch assembly according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6D shows a front view of a latch assembly in a closed position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6E shows a lateral cross-sectional view of the latch assembly of FIG. 6D in a first or closed position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6F shows a front view of a latch assembly in an intermediate or unlocked position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6G shows a lateral cross-sectional view of the latch assembly of FIG. 6F in an intermediate position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6H shows a lateral downward view of a latch assembly having one or more rollers engaged with a pliable member according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6I shows a side cross-sectional downward view of a latch assembly engaged with a pliable member according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6J shows a front view of a latch assembly in an open or unlocked position according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6K shows a front view of a frame useable with a latch assembly according to embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6L shows a side rear component breakout view of a portion or subassembly useable with a latch assembly according to embodiments of the disclosure; and

FIG. 6M shows a side front component breakout view of the portion or subassembly of FIG. 6L according to embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Regardless of whether presently claimed herein or in another application related to or from this application, herein disclosed are novel apparatuses, units, systems, and methods that pertain to improved handling of tubulars, details of which are described herein. Such novel apparatuses may also have uses in applications unrelated to improved handling of tubulars, such as a latch assembly for managing torque.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying Figures. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, such as to mean, for example, “including, but not limited to . . . ”. While the disclosure may be described with reference to relevant apparatuses, systems, and methods, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments shown or described. Rather, one skilled in the art will appreciate that a variety of configurations may be implemented in accordance with embodiments herein.

Although not necessary, like elements in the various figures may be denoted by like reference numerals for consistency and ease of understanding. Numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the disclosure; however, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description. Directional terms, such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “back,” etc., are used for convenience and to refer to general direction and/or orientation, and are only intended for illustrative purposes only, and not to limit the disclosure.

Connection(s), couplings, or other forms of contact between parts, components, and so forth may include conventional items, such as lubricant, additional sealing materials, such as a gasket between flanges, PTFE between threads, and the like. The make and manufacture of any particular component, subcomponent, etc., may be as would be apparent to one of skill in the art, such as molding, forming, press extrusion, machining, or additive manufacturing. Embodiments of the disclosure provide for one or more components to be new, used, and/or retrofitted to existing machines and systems.

Various equipment may be in fluid communication directly or indirectly with other equipment. Fluid communication may occur via one or more transfer lines and respective connectors, couplings, valving, piping, and so forth. Fluid movers, such as pumps, may be utilized as would be apparent to one of skill in the art.

Numerical ranges in this disclosure may be approximate, and thus may include values outside of the range unless otherwise indicated. Numerical ranges include all values from and including the expressed lower and the upper values, in increments of smaller units. As an example, if a compositional, physical or other property, such as, for example, molecular weight, viscosity, melt index, etc., is from 100 to 1,000. it is intended that all individual values, such as 100, 101, 102, etc., and sub ranges, such as 100 to 144, 155 to 170, 197 to 200, etc., are expressly enumerated. It is intended that decimals or fractions thereof be included. For ranges containing values which are less than one or containing fractional numbers greater than one (e.g., 1.1, 1.5, etc.), smaller units may be considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, etc. as appropriate. These are only examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value enumerated, are to be considered to be expressly stated in this disclosure. Numerical ranges are provided within this disclosure for, among other things, the relative amount of reactants, surfactants, catalysts, etc. by itself or in a mixture or mass, and various temperature and other process parameters.

Terms

The term “connected” as used herein may refer to a connection between a respective component (or subcomponent) and another component (or another subcomponent), which may be fixed, movable, direct, indirect, and analogous to engaged, coupled, disposed, etc., and may be by screw, nut/bolt, weld, and so forth. Any use of any form of the terms “connect”, “engage”, “couple”, “attach”, “mount”, etc. or any other term describing an interaction between elements is not meant to limit the interaction to direct interaction between the elements and may also include indirect interaction between the elements described.

The term “fluid” as used herein may refer to a liquid, gas, slurry, single phase, multi-phase, pure, impure, etc. and is not limited to any particular type of fluid such as hydrocarbons.

The term “fluid connection”, “fluid communication,” “fluidly communicable,” and the like, as used herein may refer to two or more components, systems, etc. being coupled whereby fluid from one may flow or otherwise be transferrable to the other. The coupling may be direct, indirect, selective, alternative, and so forth. For example, valves, flow meters, pumps, mixing tanks, holding tanks, tubulars, separation systems, and the like may be disposed between two or more components that are in fluid communication.

The term “pipe”, “conduit”, “line”, “tubular”, or the like as used herein may refer to any fluid transmission means, and may (but need not) be tubular in nature.

The term “engine” as used herein may refer to a machine with moving parts that converts power into motion, such as rotary motion. The engine may be powered by a source, such as internal combustion.

The term “motor” as used herein may be analogous to engine. The motor may be powered by a source, such as electricity, pneumatic, or hydraulic.

The term “pump” as used herein may refer to a mechanical device suitable to use an action such as suction or pressure to raise or move liquids, compress gases, and so forth. ‘Pump’ can further refer to or include all necessary subcomponents operable together, such as impeller (or vanes, etc.), housing, drive shaft, bearings, etc. Although not always the case, ‘pump’ may further include reference to a driver, such as an engine and drive shaft. Types of pumps include gas powered, hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical.

The term “utility fluid” as used herein may refer to a fluid used in connection with the operation of a heat generating device, such as a lubricant or water. The utility fluid may be for heating, cooling, lubricating, or other type of utility. ‘Utility fluid’ may also be referred to and interchangeable with ‘service fluid’ or comparable.

The term “mounted” as used herein may refer to a connection between a respective component (or subcomponent) and another component (or another subcomponent), which may be fixed, movable, direct, indirect, and analogous to engaged, coupled, disposed, etc., and may be by screw, nut/bolt, weld, and so forth.

The term “power swivel” as used herein may refer to a type of equipment used on a service rig or drilling rig, mainly to facilitate rotational operations. A power swivel may be powered, such as hydraulically or electrically, for handling or rotating tubulars, and may also act as a channel for drilling fluid. It also supports the weight of the drill string of pipe safely over men's heads. as used herein may refer to any driver machine or device suitable and known to one of ordinary skill in the art to impart work, typically in the form of suspending and rotating pipe. A power swivel or a top drive is an example of such a driver. A power swivel known to one of skill as being an alternative to and different from a rotary table.

The term “tubular handler” as used herein may refer to a mechanism, assembly, system, combination of equipment, and so forth for handling a pipe. For example, a tubular handler may have an elevator with an inclined ramp, and a chain drive skate mechanism designed to raise or lower a tubular.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a schematic side view of a drilling operation, illustrative of embodiments disclosed herein, shown. Figure shows a drilling operation 200 that utilizes a mobile unit 201 that may be configured with a platform or other form of support structure 213 with various components attached thereon, including for transport. The platform 213 may be a trailer or a skid system configured to be towed or otherwise transported to a site for use. The mobile unit 201 may have a rig 202, which may be portable and field-erected. Just the same, the rig 202 may be assembled onsite, and is not otherwise limited to any size or configuration. Although shown as land-based, drilling operation 200 could be offshore, such that the mobile unit 201 could be a floating vessel.

While referred to as ‘drilling’, the working operation or system 200 is not meant to be limited, as there are a number of instances and operations where the unit 201 may be used. The unit 201 may be operated or otherwise used in a manner to provide, control, facilitate, etc. handling and transport of one or more components. In embodiments, the unit 201 may provide delivery of either a tubular 203 and/or a power swivel 210 to a rig or derrick 202. While it need not be exactly the same, the unit 201 may be assembled, run, and operated as described herein and in other embodiments, and as otherwise understood to one of skill in the art. Similarities may not be discussed for the sake of brevity.

Components of the unit 201 may be arranged by, disposed on, or otherwise coupled with a trailer or support frame 213, and as otherwise understood to one of skill in the art. Associated or auxiliary equipment including automation, controllers, piping, hosing, valves, wiring, nozzles, pumps, gearing, tanks, etc. may be shown only in part, or may not be shown or described, as one of skill in the art would have an understanding of coupling the components of the unit 201 for operation thereof. For example, a pump (with engine) may be in fluid communication with one or more sources, such as a fluid tank, with the unit 201 (or its components) being in fluid communication with a discharge of the pump (such as via a manifold, piping, tubing, etc.). All components of the unit 201 requiring power or automation may be provided with wiring, tubing, piping, etc. in order to be operable therefore.

The unit 201 may be used with and part of the system 200. As such, the system 200 may include the derrick 202 configured with suitable components to rotate a drill string. The drill string may be rotated with the power swivel type mechanism (with associated elevator, drive frame, drawworks, etc.).

The unit 201 may have a power swivel 210 and associated components. The power swivel 210 may be (movingly) located centrally or on one side of a center (axis) line of the rig 202. Associated or auxiliary components may include a hose reel, a hydraulic fluid tank, a pump and engine, and the like. In embodiments, a power swivel operator station 205 may be detachably secured to the platform 205. The power swivel operator station 205 may be placed adjacent a rig operator station (not shown here) to allow a rig personnel 207 to control the power swivel 210 and overall rig or system operation.

One of skill would appreciate that all operations associated with operating the unit 201, as well as operation of the power swivel 210 (including while on the rig 202), may be accomplished by personnel 207 via the operator station 205 and/or manually.

In embodiments, the unit 201 may have a pipe handler 219 for providing or removing tubulars 203 to the rig 202. When presented to the rig 202 (or rig floor 215), the tubular 203 may be engaged (e.g., threadingly) by the power swivel 210, lifted off the pipe handler 219, and then moved to a vertical position for engagement (making up) with another tubular (not shown here). The tubular 203 and/or power swivel 210 may be presented or otherwise positioned at an angle. The power swivel 210 may have a stem 234 for threadably engaging the tubular 203. The power swivel 210 may be operatively attached to a traveling block of the rig 202. The traveling block of the rig 202 may then be raise or lower the power swivel 210, as indicated by arrows A. Although the rig 202 is shown only in part here, one of skill would appreciate that the rig 202 may extend upward by hundreds of feet.

Referring now to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E, a front view of a latch assembly, a side view of the latch assembly coupled with a power swivel, a lateral cross-sectional view of the latch assembly in a first or closed position, a lateral cross-sectional side view of the latch assembly in a second or open position, an isometric lateral cross-sectional side view of the latch assembly, and an isometric component breakout view of the latch assembly, respectively, illustrative of embodiments disclosed herein, are shown.

FIGS. 3A-3F together show a latch assembly 324 that may be used with a rig, derrick, or other comparable equipment. While referred to as a ‘drilling operation’ from time to time, embodiments herein are not limited and other applications are possible.

The latch assembly 324 may have a first portion 320a and a second portion 320b. The portions 320a and 320b may be movably coupled together, such as via a hinge (see hinge bolt 329. FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C generally show the latch assembly 324 may be in a first or closed position ‘C’, whereas FIGS. 3D and 3E generally show the latch assembly 324 may be in or moved to a second or open position ‘O’.

The ability to operation the latch assembly 324 to move from the first position to the second position, and vice versa, provides an operator with tremendous ease and flexibility to install/remove the guide assembly 324 around a cable 317. The cable 317 may extend along a derrick or rig (202, FIG. 2), such that a first or upper end 317a of the cable 317 may be coupled to a top end 302a of the rig, and a second or lower end 317b of the cable 317 may be coupled to a bottom end 302b of the rig.

The guide assembly 324 may have a frontward side 336a and a rearward side 336b. As shown here, the frontward side 336a may be accessible for opening and closing in order to put the cable 317 therein (and remove therefrom). The rearward side 336b may be configured for coupling to an adjacent piece of equipment, such as a power swivel 310. As one of skill in the art would appreciate, in operation of a high-powered driver, such as the power swivel 310, high amounts of torque are created. These forces can be detrimental to overall operation, and create an unsafe environment.

However, by coupling the power swivel 310 with the latch assembly 324, forces may be dissipated into the cable 317 and rig (202). As shown here, the power swivel may have a torque arm housing 322, which may be a rigid and durable ‘arm’ extension from the power swivel 310. The torque arm housing 322 may have a telescoping rod 323 movingly engaged therewith, as the ability for the rod 323 to have freedom of movement accounts for instabilities during drilling as the power swivel 310 is moved up and down. As the power swivel 310 is moved, the latch assembly 324 is able to correspondingly move along the cable 317.

Generally, the first portion 320a and the second portion 320b may be symmetrical to each other. For example, down a center line or axis 359, the pinwheel rotation of the second portion 320b around pivot point P to a right side up position results in the second portion 320b in this orientation being comparable to the first position 320a. The only difference may be the orientation of each respective portions housing mounts 358, which may be used to couple the assembly 324 with an end 323a of the telescoping rod 323. For example, the hinge bolt 329 may be disposed through one or more of the housing mounts of the first portion 320a, the mounts of the second portion 320b, and the rod end 323a.

As such, the first portion 320a has a similar configuration and makeup of subcomponents to that of the second portion 320b. For example, the first portion 320a has a first roller housing 327a, which may have its housing mounts 358 thereon. The roller housing 327a may be a generally rigid body suitable for one or more other components to be supported by or coupled therewith.

The first roller housing 327a may have one or more roller receptacles 331 configured for a respective roller or sheave 318 to be movably disposed therein. For example, there may be a locking member or bolt 360 disposed through an eye of the housing and of the roller, the bolt then held in place via nut 361 or other form securing. As one of skill would appreciate, the locking member 360 may have a suitable surface for which the roller is free to rotate around without significant friction impact.

The first roller housing 327a may have a first latch panel 332a coupled therewith. In embodiments, the first latch panel 332a may be movably coupled with the first roller housing 327a, such as hingedly. As shown here, there may be a first latch panel pin 335a disposed through respective holes or slots of the panel 332a and the housing 327a. To provide tension and better fit, there may be a bias member or spring 330a disposed around the pin 335a.

The first roller housing 327a may have a first handle 326a coupled therewith. In embodiments, the first handle 326a may be detachably coupled with the housing 327a. As shown here, the first handle 326a may be configured with a first handle wing 337a that may fit into a first wing slot 338a disposed in the housing 327a. The configuration of the first handle wing 337a may facilitate the ability to move the guide assembly 324 from the first position C to the second position O, and vice versa. It is worth nothing that when the assembly 324 is in any position other than the first position C, the wing 337a may be engaged or moved into engagement with the slot 338a.

The first handle 326a may also be coupled with the first latch panel 332a. In embodiments, the first latch panel 332a may be movably coupled with the first handle 326a, such as hingedly. As shown here, there may be a first handle pin 328a disposed holes or slots 351a and 352a of the first latch panel 332a and the first handle 326a, respectively. To provide tension and better fit, there may be a bias member or spring 330d disposed around the pin 328a.

The first latch panel 332a may be configured with a first latch 333a that engages a corresponding slot 334b of the second portion. The interlocking nature of the latches/slots may help keep the assembly 324 in the first position C, and avoid unintended opening.

The second portion 320b may be like that of the first portion 320a, it need not be the case and differences may exist. As shown here, the second portion 320b may have a second roller housing 327b, which may have its own housing mounts 358 thereon. The roller housing 327b may be a generally rigid body suitable for one or more other components to be supported by or coupled therewith.

The second roller housing 327b may have one or more roller receptacles 331 configured for a respective roller or sheave 318 to be movably disposed therein. For example, there may be a locking member or bolt 360 disposed through an eye of the housing and of the roller, the bolt then held in place via nut 361 or other form securing. As one of skill would appreciate, the locking member 360 may have a suitable surface for which the roller is free to rotate around without significant friction impact.

The second roller housing 327b may have a second latch panel 332b coupled therewith. In embodiments, the second latch panel 332b may be movably coupled with the second roller housing 327b, such as hingedly. As shown here, there may be a second latch panel pin 335b disposed through respective holes or slots of the panel 332b and the housing 327b. To provide tension and better fit, there may be a bias member or spring 330b disposed around the pin 335b.

The second roller housing 327b may have a second handle 326b coupled therewith. In embodiments, the second handle 326b may be detachably coupled with the housing 327b. As shown here, the second handle 326b may be configured with a second handle wing 337b that may fit into a second wing slot 338b disposed in the housing 327b. The configuration of the second handle wing 337b may facilitate the ability to move the guide assembly 324 from the first position C to the second position O, and vice versa. It is worth nothing that when the assembly 324 is in any position other than the first position C, the wing 337b may be engaged or moved into engagement with the slot 338b.

The second handle 326b may also be coupled with the second latch panel 332b. In embodiments, the second latch panel 332b may be movably coupled with the second handle 326b, such as hingedly. As shown here, there may be a second handle pin 328b disposed in holes or slots 351b and 352b of the second latch panel 332b and the second handle 326b, respectively. To provide tension and better fit, there may be a bias member or spring 330c disposed around the pin 328b.

The second latch panel 332b may be configured with a second latch 333b that engages a corresponding slot 334a of the first portion. The interlocking nature of the latches/slots may help keep the assembly 324 in the first position C, and avoid unintended opening.

Referring now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a downward view of a latch assembly in a closed position and in an open position, illustrative of embodiments disclosed herein, are shown.

FIGS. 4A-4B together show a latch assembly 424 that may be used with a rig, derrick, or other comparable equipment, such as those mentioned with embodiments herein. The assembly 424 may like that of other assemblies described (e.g., 324, etc.), and similarities may not be discussed in detail. Just the same, there may be differences, including as described, if any.

The latch assembly 424 may have a first portion 420a and a second portion 420b. The portions 420a and 420b may be movably coupled together, such as via a hinge (see hinge bolt 429). The latch assembly 424 may be in a first or closed position ‘C’, or the latch assembly 424 may be in or moved to a second or open position ‘O’.

The ability to operation the latch assembly 424 to move from the first position to the second position, and vice versa, provides an operator with tremendous ease and flexibility to install/remove the guide assembly 424 around a cable 417. The cable 417 may extend along a derrick or rig (202, FIG. 2).

The latch assembly 424 may be coupled with another piece of equipment, such as a power swivel (310) of the like. There may be a (telescoping) rod 423 movingly engaged with one or more housing mounts 458. The latch assembly 424 may be able to move up and down or otherwise along the cable 417 (via one or more rollers or sheaves 418).

To open the guide assembly 424, one or both of the handles 426a, 426b may be accessed, the movement thereof resulting in disengagement of latch 433a from latch slot 434b, and/or disengagement of latch 433b from latch slot 434a. Once disengaged, the portions 420a, 420b may be opened the cable 417 removed or inserted. To move the C position, the handles 426a, 426b are moved in a manner that allows the respective latches and slots to (re) engage. The interlocking nature of the latches/slots may help keep the assembly 424 in the first position C, and avoid unintended opening.

Referring now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a downward view and a side profile view, respectively, of a latch assembly in a locked position, illustrative of embodiments disclosed herein, are shown.

FIGS. 5A-5B together show a latch assembly 524 that may be used with a rig, derrick, or other comparable equipment, such as those mentioned with embodiments herein. The assembly 524 may like that of other assemblies described (e.g., 324, etc.), and similarities may not be discussed in detail. Just the same, there may be differences, including as described, if any.

The latch assembly 524 may have a first portion 520a and a second portion 520b. The portions 520a and 520b may be movably coupled together, such as via a hinge. The latch assembly 524 may be in a first or closed position, or the latch assembly 524 may be in or moved to a second or open position.

The latch assembly 524 may be coupled with another piece of equipment, such as a power swivel (310) of the like. There may be a (telescoping) rod 523 (via rod end 523a) movingly engaged with one or more housing mounts 558. The interlocking nature of the portions 520a, 520b may help keep the assembly 524 in the first or closed position. Moreover, the portions 520a, 520b may be configured with respective lock pin slots or holes 557, for which then a lock pin 526 may be inserted therein. The proximity of the lock pin 526 to the mounts results in a contact point L that keeps the portions 520a, 520b ‘locked’ or otherwise closed together. Only upon removal of the pin 526 may the assembly 524 be moved to the second or open position.

Referring now to FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, 6E, 6F, 6G, 6H, 6I, 6J, 6K, 6L, and 6M, a rotated view of a latch assembly in a first or closed position, a rotated view of the latch assembly in a second or open position, an isometric component breakout view of a latch assembly, a front view of a latch assembly in a closed position, a lateral cross-sectional view of the latch assembly in a first or closed position, a front view of a latch assembly in an intermediate position, and a lateral cross-sectional view of the latch assembly in the intermediate position, a lateral downward view of a latch assembly having one or more rollers engaged with a cable, a side cross-sectional downward view of a latch assembly engaged with a cable, a front view of a latch assembly in an open or unlocked position; a front view of a frame useable with a latch assembly; a side rear component breakout view of a portion or subassembly useable with a latch assembly; and a side front component breakout view of the portion or subassembly, respectively, illustrative of embodiments disclosed herein, are shown.

FIGS. 6A-6M together show a latch assembly 624 that may be used with a rig, derrick, or other comparable equipment. While referred to as a ‘drilling operation’ from time to time, embodiments herein are not limited and other applications are possible. The assembly 624 may like that of other assemblies described (e.g., 324, 424, etc.), and similarities may not be discussed in detail. Just the same, there may be differences, including as described, if any.

The latch assembly 624 may have a first portion or subassembly 620a and a second portion or subassembly 620b. The use of ‘portion’, ‘subassembly’, or the like, is simply reference to the point that the assembly 624 may be a multi-component assembly. The portions 620a and 620b may be movably coupled together, such as via a hinge (see hinge member 629). The portions 620a and 620b may also be coupled together, such as closed together. FIGS. 6A and 6D generally show the latch assembly 624 may be in a first or closed position ‘C’, whereas FIG. 6B generally shows the latch assembly 624 may be in or moved to a second or open position ‘O’.

FIGS. 6F and 6G generally show the latch assembly 624 may be in or moved to another position, which may be a third position (akin to an intermediate or unlocked position ‘U’). In the unlocked position U, the portions 620a, 620b may no longer be coupled together via hooks/latches, and thus the assembly 624 may be readily moved to the open position O. In an embodiment, the assembly 624 may be in an unlocked position (U), yet still closed. The term ‘hook’ is not meant to be limited; as used herein, ‘hook’ may refer to an extension or other type feature (such as shown in the Figures) used to engage or hook to another piece (or its related slot/receptacle). Any hook herein may engage or contact another hook, which may occur by way of the space (slot, receptacle, etc.) adjacent thereto.

The ability to operate the latch assembly 624 to move freely between positions (such as from the first position to the second position, and vice versa), provides an operator with tremendous ease and flexibility to install/remove the guide assembly 624 around a pliable member 617. The pliable member 617 may be any suitable component for which the assembly 624 may traverse along (e.g., rope, fiber, cable, wire, braiding, string, wrappings or combinations of the same, etc., any of which metallic, non-metallic, and so forth). For the sake of ease, the pliable member 617 may be referenced as ‘cable’.

The cable 617 may extend along a derrick or rig (202, FIG. 2), such that a first or upper end 617a of the cable 617 may be coupled to a top end of the rig, and a second or lower end 617b of the cable 617 may be coupled to a bottom end of the rig (see, e.g., FIG. 3A, etc.).

The guide assembly 624 may have a frontward side 636a and a rearward side 636b. As shown here, the frontward side 636a may be accessible for opening and closing in order to put the cable 617 therein (and remove therefrom). The rearward side 636b may be configured for coupling to an adjacent piece of equipment, such as a driver like a power swivel (310, FIG. 3B) or the like. As one of skill in the art would appreciate, in operation of a high-powered driver, such as the power swivel, high amounts of torque are created. These forces can be detrimental to overall operation, and create an unsafe environment.

However, by coupling the power swivel with the latch assembly 624, forces may be dissipated into the cable 617 and rig (202). The power swivel may have a torque arm housing (322), which may be a rigid and durable ‘arm’ extension from the power swivel. The torque arm housing may have an assembly rod 623 movingly engaged therewith, as the ability for the rod 623 to have freedom of movement accounts for instabilities during drilling as the power swivel is moved up and down. As the power swivel is moved, the latch assembly 624 may be able to correspondingly move along the cable 617.

Generally, the first portion 620a and the second portion 620b may be symmetrical to each other. For example, down a center line or axis 659, the pinwheel rotation of the second portion 620b around pivot point P to a right side up position results in the second portion 620b in this orientation being comparable to the first position 620a. Although not required, the portions 620a, 620b may be completely identical.

There may be a subtle difference via the orientation of each respective portions mounts 658 (e.g., 658R, 658L), which may be used to couple the assembly 624 with an end 623a of the telescoping rod 623. The end 623a may be configured with one or more surfaces suitable to facilitate freedom of movement of the rod 623. For example, the rod 623 may be movable in a direction R bout a reference axis R1. As shown, the movement in the direction R may be about +/−5 degrees from the reference axis R1. It may be the case that the reference axis R1 may be perpendicular to (center/long) axis 659.

There may be a (center) mast or frame 662, which may have a rod end receptacle 662a for the end 623a to fit therein. The mounts 658 may have respective mount receptacles 658a. The rod end 623a may have respective rod pin receptacle 623b. In an analogous manner, the frame 662 may have a frame block or body 662b with one or more frame mount receptacles 667a. The rod end receptacle 662a may be disposed within the frame block/body 662b.

FIG. 6I shows by way of example the hinge member 629 may be disposed through one or more of the housing mounts 658 of the first portion 620a, the mounts of the second portion 620b, the frame 662, and the rod end 623a (via respective receptacles 658a, 667a, 662a, 623b). The hinge member 629 may be maintained therein via a hinge securing member 668.

Although not limited, the frame 662 may be a rigid, elongated component that makes up part of the assembly 624. As shown here, the frame 662 may have a general symmetrical configuration such that regardless of orientation the portions 620a, 620b may couple therewith, although other configurations may be used. The frame 662 may provide a ‘central spine’ aspect of the assembly 624, in that the frame 662 may be useful for weight and load support.

The frame 662 may have a first or top frame end 670a, and a second or bottom frame end 670b. The frame 662 may have a front or forward side 671a, and a back or rearward side 671b. The approximate middle of the frame 662 may have the frame block or body 662b, whereas the ends 670a, 670b may have or be associated with roller or sheave hubs 672a, 672b. The hubs 672a, 672b may have respective hub apertures 665a, 665b. The hub apertures 665a, 665b may be configured for upper and lower axle pins 663a, 663b to insert therein and between. A respective frame roller or sheave 674a, 674b may be rotatably disposed thereon. One or more spacers, bushings and/or bearings 675a, 675b may also be disposed on or around respective pins 663a, 663b. The spacers (or the like) 675a, 675b may be proximate and/or on each side of the respective frame rollers 674a, 674b. Securing members 664a, 664b may be used to couple and hold pins 663a, 663b in place (such as via threaded or other suitable mating connection).

As a result of alignment of frame roller 674a, 674b along a longitudinal (e.g., see long axis 659), the rollers 674a, 674b may have a (central) contact point with the wire or cable 617, much in the same way portion rollers 618 do. In aspects, the contact point of rollers 674a, 674b may be offset from contact points of portion rollers 618. For example, the contact points may be offset by about 1 degree to about 179 degrees. FIG. 6H shows that the portion rollers 618 may have a central contact point on a first lateral axis LA1, and the frame rollers 674a, 674b may have a respective central contact point on a second lateral axis LA2. The offset by reference between axes LA1, LA2 therebetween may be about 80 degrees to about 100 degrees. In embodiments, the offset may be about 89 to 91 degrees. Due to the nature of orientation, the rollers 674a, 674b (via the frame 662) may be used to (or facilitate) offset or relieve load from the assembly 624.

As may be seen, the first portion 620a may have a similar configuration and makeup of subcomponents to that of the second portion 620b. In aspects, the portions 620a, 620b may be identical. For example, the first portion 620a may have a first housing 627a, which may have one or more housing mounts 658 thereon or in proximity thereto. The first portion 620a may have another housing 627a1, which may also be configured for a roller 618 disposed therein. The first housing 627a (or first portion 620a) may be a generally rigid body suitable for one or more other components to be supported by or coupled therewith.

The first housing 627a may have one or more roller receptacles 631 configured for a respective roller or sheave 618 to be movably (e.g., rotatably) disposed therein. For example, there may be a locking member or bolt 660a disposed through an eye of the housing and of the roller 618, the bolt 660a may be held in place via nut 661a or other form securing (not shown here). As one of skill would appreciate, the bolt 660a may have a suitable surface for which the roller 618 may be free to rotate around without significant friction impact.

The first housing 627a may have a first body or panel 632a coupled or associated therewith. In embodiments, the first housing 627a may be integral to the first body 632a. In embodiments, the first body 632a may be coupled with or as part of the first housing 627a. As shown here, there may be a first portion pin 677a disposed through respective holes (e.g., 678a1, 678a2) or slots of the body 632a and the housing 627a.

There may be a first plunger 635a disposed in a first plunger cavity 676a (of body 632a). To provide tension and better fit, there may be a first bias member or spring 630a disposed around the first plunger 635a. The first bias member 630a may be used to bias the first handle 626a to a handle closed position (e.g., see FIG. 6E). A user may overcome the bias to move the handle to a handle open position (e.g., see FIG. 6G). The first plunger 635a may be maintained in the first plunger cavity 676a via first plunger cap 680a. The plunger cap 680a may be fixedly or securely coupled with the first body 632a. The first plunger cap 680a may be engaged with the first plunger 635a.

To that end, one of skill would appreciate FIGS. 6E and 6G show the difference of the movement of the first plunger 635a (and handle 626a) from the handle closed position to the handle opened position (or any position therebetween), or vice versa. Movement of the first handle 626a may be limited by the first body 632a (see FIG. 6G for analogous comparison of second handle 626b engaged with body 632b).

The first housing 627a may have the first handle 626a coupled or associated therewith. In embodiments, the first handle 626a may be (detachably) coupled with the housing 627a via the first portion pin 677a (which may be disposed in respective receptacles or holes 678a1, 6782). The pin 677a may be retained therein via lock pin or member (screw, etc.) 679a, which may further secure into the housing 627a.

In embodiments, the first handle 626a may be configured with a first handle hook 637a that may fit into a respective body slot 638b disposed in second body 632b (or proximate second body hook 633b). The configuration of the first handle hook 637a may facilitate the ability to move the assembly 624 from the first position C to the second position O, and vice versa. It is worth nothing that when the assembly 624 is in any position other than the first position C, the handle hook 637a need not be engaged or moved into engagement with the body slot 638b.

The first body 632a may be configured with a first body hook 633a that engages a corresponding handle hook slot 634b of a second handle 626b. The interlocking nature of the hooks/slots may help keep the assembly 624 in the first position C, and avoid unintended opening.

Although the second portion 620b may be like that of the first portion 620a, it need not be the case and differences may exist. As shown here, the second portion 620b may have a second housing 627b, which may have its own housing mounts 658 thereon. The second housing 627b (or portion 620b) may be a generally rigid body suitable for one or more other components to be supported by or coupled therewith.

The second housing 627b may have one or more roller receptacles 631 configured for a respective roller or sheave 618 to be movably disposed therein. For example, there may be a locking member or bolt 660b disposed through an eye of the housing 627b and of the roller, the bolt 660b may be held in place via nut 661b or other form securing. As one of skill would appreciate, the bolt 660b may have a suitable surface for which the roller 618 is free to rotate around without significant friction impact.

In embodiments, the second housing 627b may be integral to the second body 632b. In embodiments, the first body 632b may be coupled with or as part of the first housing 627b. As shown here, there may be a second portion pin 677b disposed through respective holes (e.g., 678b1, 678b2) or slots of the body 632b, the housing 627b, and handle 626b. In embodiments, the second body 632b may be (movably) coupled or associated with the second housing 627b (e.g., hingedly, integral, etc.). The pin 677b may be retained therein via lock pin or member (screw, etc.) 679b, which may further secure into the housing 627b.

The second housing 627b may have the second handle 626b coupled therewith (such as respective portion pin 677b). In embodiments, the second handle 626b may be detachably and/or movably coupled with the housing 627b. As shown here, the second handle 626b may be configured with a second handle hook 637b that may fit into a respective body slot 638a disposed in the body 632a (proximate first body hook 633a). The configuration of the second handle hook 637b may facilitate the ability to move the assembly 624 from the first position C to the second position O, and vice versa. It is worth nothing that when the assembly 624 is in any position other than the first position C, the hook 637b need not be engaged or moved into engagement with the body slot 638a (of body 632a).

The second body 632b may be configured with a second body hook 633b suitable to engage a corresponding handle hook slot 634a of the first portion 620a (or first handle 626a). The interlocking nature of the latches/slots may help keep the assembly 624 in the first position C, and avoid unintended opening.

To open the guide assembly 624 (e.g., move from position C to position O), one or both of the handles 626a, 626b may be accessed, the movement thereof resulting in disengagement of first body hook 633a from second handle hook slot 634b (of second handle 626b), and/or disengagement of second body hook 633b from first handle hook slot 634a. Once disengaged, the portions 620a, 620b may be opened (see FIGS. 6B, 6J), and the cable 617 removed or inserted. To move the C position, the handles 626a, 626b may be moved in a manner that allows the respective latches and slots to (re) engage. It is worth noting that regardless of the position of the handles 626a, 626b, the portions 620a, 620b may be (slam) shut, such that the assembly 624 may resultantly be in the closed position C. This means, the assembly may be moved to the closed position C without need to interact with handles 626a and/or 626b.

There may be a second plunger 635b disposed in a second plunger cavity 676b (of body 632b). To provide tension and better fit, there may be a second bias member or spring 630b disposed around the second plunger 635b. The second bias member 630b may be used to bias the second handle 626b to a handle closed position (e.g., see FIG. 6E). A user may overcome the bias to move the handle to a handle open position (e.g., see FIG. 6G). The second plunger 635b may be maintained in the second plunger cavity 676b via second plunger cap 680b. The plunger cap 680b may be fixedly or securely coupled with the second body 632b. The second plunger cap 680b may be engaged with the second plunger 635b.

To that end, one of skill would appreciate FIGS. 6E and 6G show the difference of the movement of the second plunger 635b from the handle closed position to the handle opened position (or any position therebetween). Movement of the second handle 626b may be limited by the second body 632b.

Embodiments herein may include a latch assembly that may have a first subassembly comprising a first contact surface; and a second subassembly movingly coupled with the first subassembly. The second subassembly may include a second contact surface. The first subassembly may be identical to the second subassembly. The second subassembly may be movingly coupled with the first subassembly in a 180 degree opposite orientation with respect to a reference point. The first contact surface may be engaged with the second contact surface when the latch assembly is in a closed position.

ADVANTAGES

Embodiments of a latch assembly of the present disclosure may accommodate rapid latch and unlatch from cables, ropes, etc. There are no tools, lost parts, or falling objects. This means that no-lube roller sheaves may stay in place. A simple pull on the handle(s) may provide an unlock and unlatch. Just open, move the cable therein, and close.

Embodiments of the disclosure pertain to use of rollers or sheaves configured to traverse a guide cable. The rollers need not be metal, which eliminates metal to metal contact and allows power swivel or driver assembly to travel smoothly. When a driver (such as a power swivel) is in operation, the torque created applies load to the rollers, which distributes load against guide cable. Embodiments herein advantageously require no bolts to be removed; instead, just operation of handles to quickly connect or disconnect from (wire) rope.

Embodiments herein may be retrofitted to existing field equipment. Companies who have purchased a power swivel or the like may retrofit embodiments of the disclosure described herein to put on their assembly.

Embodiments herein may be used to install a driver quickly and safely without the need to unbolt anything, and may further allow the driver to traverse the guide cable smoothly and to stabilize the driver while under operation.

Safety: the need to disassemble and reassemble loose parts (especially at high elevation) may be mitigated or eliminated. Provides a rigid system resistant to fail/break as a result of cable friction.

Reliability: embodiments herein may last longer and preforms better than other conventional torque reaction systems.

Speed: time needed to install on cable may be reduced.

Even a small savings in drilling or servicing time of individual wells results in an enormous savings on an annual basis.

While preferred embodiments of the disclosure have been shown and described, modifications thereof may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and teachings of the disclosure. The embodiments described herein are exemplary only and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the disclosure. Where numerical ranges or limitations are expressly stated, such express ranges or limitations should be understood to include iterative ranges or limitations of like magnitude falling within the expressly stated ranges or limitations. The use of the term “optionally” with respect to any element of a claim is intended to mean that the subject element is required, or alternatively, is not required. Both alternatives are intended to be within the scope of the claim. Use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, having, etc. should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, comprised substantially of, and the like.

Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above but is only limited by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim is incorporated into the specification as an embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the claims are a further description and are an addition to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. The inclusion or discussion of a reference is not an admission that it is prior art to the present disclosure, especially any reference that may have a publication date after the priority date of this application. The disclosures of all patents, patent applications, and publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference, to the extent they provide background knowledge; or exemplary, procedural or other details supplementary to those set forth herein.