METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR COUPLING HORIZONTAL VERTICAL PRECAST STRUCTURES

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure generally relates to construction technology. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a connection assembly mechanism for coupling horizontal and vertical precast structures for use in construction technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Existing construction technologies involve one-off (e.g., customized) build-on site approaches in which construction material is brought to the construction site where the actual construction is performed. This has been the traditional methodology and approach for many years but has certain inherent challenges, including non-availability of skilled workers (e.g., manual labor), heavy and expensive on-site machinery, incorrect estimate of completion time of construction projects, delays in delivery of projects, inclement weather, poor quality and wastage of materials, noise and air pollution, and cost involved in disposal of debris. This approach is also “one-off” as it provides no repeatability or scalability leverage. Each building is constructed, and each project is performed differently, and results vary widely, which may be undesirable considering present day demand for symmetrical construction projects with enhanced look and feel. However, constructing or casting each individual component of a building on site incurs significant expenditures in time and resources. It also increases a project's vulnerability to unforeseen factors, such as poor weather, worksite accidents, improper pour, etc.

Such traditional methodologies and approaches use connection methods that typically include placing rebars and lapping them together with adjacent bars during formwork. However, such connection methods may consume a substantial time and require more workers for execution. Further, on-site rebar binding makes such connection methods quite cumbersome to handle. Furthermore, substantial waiting time may also be observed by using such connection methods for slab and beam elements to gain sufficient strength before starting the next level of work.

In order to address the aforesaid shortfalls of such build or cast-on site approaches, some construction projects use precast modules. Examples of the precast modules may include walls, beams, slabs, and the like, which are built in factories under factory scaling, repeatability, and in-factory conditions. The precast modules are then delivered to a building site and installed using standard connection mechanisms. Such standard connection mechanisms take lesser time as compared to the connection methods for the build-on site approaches.

However, even standard connection mechanisms have different challenges for several types of interconnections. In an example for slab-to-wall connection or beam-to-wall connection, such standard connection mechanisms require pull out bar connection. Waiting time is to be allowed till connection strength is achieved. Overall, such standard connection mechanisms hamper the aesthetic look of the interior of the building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments for a connection assembly mechanism for coupling precast structure, such as a horizontal precast structure and a vertical precast structure, in construction technology are disclosed that address at least some of the above challenges and issues.

In an aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a connection assembly mechanism. The connection assembly mechanism includes a flat bracket having a first surface and a second surface. The second surface is configured for flush mounting with a horizontal precast structure. A first set of shear connectors extending from the first surface is configured for embedding within the horizontal precast structure. The connection assembly mechanism further includes a wall bracket having a horizontal flange and a vertical flange orthogonal to each other. An outer surface of the horizontal flange is configured for flush-mounting with a base portion of a pocket member of a vertical precast structure. A second set of shear connectors extending from inner surfaces of the horizontal flange and the vertical flange is configured for embedding within the vertical precast structure. The connection assembly mechanism further includes a connection mechanism configured for coupling the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket and the second surface of the flat bracket, thereby coupling the horizontal precast structure and the vertical precast structure at a construction site.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection assembly mechanism further comprises an elastic pad configured for slab bearing between the second surface of the flat bracket and the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the wall bracket further comprises an angular elongated connector configured for embedding within the vertical precast structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the horizontal flange and the vertical flange of the wall bracket conform with an edge portion of the base portion of the pocket member provided at a top portion of the vertical precast structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection assembly mechanism further comprises an outer surface of the vertical flange of the wall bracket configured for chamfer-mounting at a vertical portion orthogonal to the base portion of the pocket member of the vertical precast structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection assembly mechanism further comprises a flat bar configured for mechanically coupling the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket with the second surface of the flat bracket at a first side with respect to the first set of shear connectors.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection assembly mechanism further comprises a flat bar configured for mechanically coupling the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket with the second surface of the flat bracket at a second side with respect to the first set of shear connectors.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first set of shear connectors is further configured for embedding within a concrete portion of the horizontal precast structure. Top portions of the first set of shear connectors are further configured for embedding in a base of a structural topping of the horizontal precast structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the vertical precast structure is a precast wall.

In an aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a connection method that includes flush-mounting a second surface of a flat bracket with a horizontal precast structure. A first set of shear connectors extend from a first surface of the flat bracket and is embedded within the horizontal precast structure. The connection method further includes flush-mounting an outer surface of a horizontal flange of a wall bracket with a base portion of a pocket member of a vertical precast structure. A second set of shear connectors extend from a set of inner surfaces of the wall bracket and is embedded within the vertical precast structure. The connection method further includes coupling the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket and the second surface of the flat bracket using a connection mechanism at a construction site.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection method further includes determining a type, a quantity, and a size of a connection assembly mechanism for coupling the horizontal precast structure and the vertical precast structure based on a first set of parameters associated with the connection assembly mechanism and a second set of parameters associated with at least one of the horizontal precast structure and the vertical precast structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first set of parameters includes material specifications of the connection assembly mechanism. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the material specifications of the connection assembly mechanism correspond to at least tensile strength and hardness of the connection assembly mechanism.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second set of parameters includes environmental conditions and at least one of a location, an orientation, and a weight of at least one of the horizontal precast structure and the vertical precast structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection method further includes placing an elastic pad for slab bearing between the second surface of the flat bracket and the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second surface of the flat bracket is flush-mounted along an edge of a bottom surface of the horizontal precast structure. The horizontal flange and a vertical flange of the wall bracket conform with an edge portion of the base portion of the pocket member provided at a top portion of the vertical precast structure. The horizontal flange and the vertical flange are arranged orthogonally with respect to each other.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection method further includes chamfer-mounting an outer surface of the vertical flange of the wall bracket at a vertical portion orthogonal to the base portion of the pocket member of the vertical precast structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises coupling the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket with the second surface of the flat bracket at a first side with respect to the first set of shear connectors using a flat bar.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises coupling the outer surface of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket with the second surface of the flat bracket at a second side with respect to the first set of shear connectors using a flat bar.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further comprises embedding top portions of the first set of shear connectors in a base of a structural topping of the horizontal precast structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further advantages of the disclosure will become apparent by reference to the detailed description of preferred embodiments when considered in conjunction with the drawings. In the drawings, identical numbers refer to the same or a similar element.

FIG. 1A illustrates a first view of an enclosure structure, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B illustrates a second view of the enclosure structure with only a portion of a vertical precast structure and a horizontal precast structure, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a connection assembly mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the connection assembly mechanism coupling a first horizontal precast structure and a wall structure, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4A is a side view of the connection assembly mechanism coupling a second horizontal precast structure and the wall structure, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4B is a top view of the connection assembly mechanism coupling a horizontal precast structure and a vertical precast structure, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary system, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates the steps of a method of coupling a horizontal precast structure and a vertical precast structure, in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the disclosure. For purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required to practice the disclosure. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as representative examples. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

With modernization in construction-related methodologies and technologies, there has been a rapid shift from normal customized build on-site construction methodologies to construction using modules or blocks that may be built off-site and then assembled on-site to form a construction or a building. However, in the latter case, suitable connection assemblies for each service, environmental and ultimate load conditions are of utmost importance. The role of a connection assembly mechanism is not only to fix the prefabricated structures together, but also to ensure the structural continuity of the whole structure and to transfer forces between the prefabricated structures when the system is loaded.

Conventional connection methods for build or cast-on site approaches may be too time consuming and labor intensive for execution. Further, on-site rebar binding makes such connection methods quite cumbersome to handle. Furthermore, substantial waiting time may also be observed by using such connection methods for slab and beam elements to gain sufficient strength before starting the next level of work.

Further, standard connection mechanisms for standard precast modules are also not able to address the aforesaid shortfalls of conventional connection methods. By ways of different examples, the standard connection mechanisms require pull out bar connection for slab-to-wall, require skilled labor for non-shrink grouting and pressure grouting, and the like. Further, standard connection mechanisms demand waiting time till connection or grout strength is achieved. Also, the overall aesthetic look of the interior of the building is hampered due to pull-out bars and different colored grouts by such standard connection mechanisms.

Current connection assemblies and technologies fail to address many concerns, as described hereinbefore. This is especially true for advanced precast structures, which are lightweight due to less material requirements, are more economical (due to less labor, accelerated manufacturing, and reduced cost), and have better performance, factors that together meet today's requirements of enhanced, efficient, and robust connection assemblies.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an improved connection assembly mechanism that not only allows for lesser skilled workers on site and saves cost and time in the installation process, but also ensures the structural continuity of the whole structure and transfer of forces between the prefabricated building modules during ultimate load conditions.

The embodiments of the present disclosure address these concerns by providing improved and better-quality connection assembly mechanisms, allowing for lesser skilled workers on site and saving cost and time in the installation process. Further, such connection assembly mechanisms also ensure the structural continuity of the whole structure and transfer of forces between the prefabricated structures during ultimate load conditions.

The disclosed architecture/solution provides several other objects and advantages, some of which are discussed below. The present disclosure supports rapid construction of a structure including precast (prefabricated) modules accommodating erratic site constraints/conditions and/or tight construction schedules. Further, the present disclosure provides at least pre-compression forces across such connection assembly mechanisms, thus improving the durability of enclosure structure. Additionally, an increase in the load resistance of the structure may be obtained by means of embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure. At the least this durability makes the structure economical and helps reduce the construction times.

Connection assembly mechanisms, in accordance with the disclosure, provide advantages in their simplicity of manufacture and system performance. By leveraging a controlled environment production, these connection assembly mechanisms ensure quality, cost reduction, and speedy installation.

Further, the connection assembly mechanism in accordance with the present disclosure exhibits substantial fire resistance owing to metallic body, which in turn reduces insurance costs due to increased safety, security, reliability, and structural soundness.

Structurally, the connection assembly mechanism in accordance with the present disclosure provides substantial loading capacity and further offers the enclosure structure a remarkably high resistance to wind, hurricanes, floods, and other damaging environmental occurrences.

Certain terms and phrases have been used throughout the disclosure and will have the following meanings in the context of the ongoing disclosure.

“Cast-in-place concrete” or “Cast-in-situ concrete” is a building-construction technology where elements of an enclosure structure are cast at the site in formwork.

“Pre-cast structure” refers to a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or form which is then cured in a controlled environment at an offsite location, transported to a construction site, and maneuvered into a targeted place. Examples include pre-cast beams, slabs, wall panels, and the like.

“Wall panel” refers to a prefabricated multi-layered wall fabricated at an offsite location and installed on-site, wherein “on-site” denotes a construction site and “offsite” denotes a location away from the construction site. The wall panel may be with or without door or window openings based on the design of the enclosure structure.

“Slab” refers to a prefabricated structure formed at an offsite location and installed on-site. A slab includes a concrete base and a structural topping. The structural toppings, also referred to as topping screeds, are specialized materials applied to an existing concrete base of the slab to enhance performance, durability, and aesthetics.

“Beam” refers to a construction element that is made by casting concrete into a mold and then curing it in a controlled environment at the offsite location. Beams may be used for both load-bearing and non-load bearing applications and may be made in a variety of shapes and sizes.

“Grout” is a filling, which when poured into a receptacle will fill in the receptacle and consolidate the adjacent edges into a solid mass, such as cementitious mortar or other cement-based materials, bentonite, bentonite/sand mixtures, graphite-based materials, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, or similar materials.

“Sealant” refers to substances used to seal, block, or close gaps between enclosure structures to prevent fluids, air, and pests from passing through. These materials seal joints where dissimilar materials meet, filling gaps regardless of any irregularities that may exist between the two joint surfaces.

“Backer Rod” refers to a backing in joints. The Backer Rod controls the sealant thickness and amount of sealant needed to fill a gap between joints. The backer rod forces the sealant to the sidewalls to ensure contact and proper adhesion of the sealant.

“Modular” refers to individual and independent blocks or any mechanism or procedure for arranging them.

“Lattice girders” refers to three-dimensional, industrially prefabricated reinforcing elements. They consist of an upper chord, two lower chords, and continuous truss wires (e.g., diagonal chords). Typically, the continuous truss wires are connected to the chords by means of electric resistance welding.

FIG. 1A illustrates a first view 100A of an enclosure structure 100, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 1B illustrates a second view 100B of the enclosure structure 100 with only a portion of a vertical precast structure and a horizontal precast structure, in accordance with some embodiments. Referring to FIG. 1A, there is shown the first view 100A of the enclosure structure 100 that includes at least a foundation structure 102, a wall structure 104, another wall structure 106, a slab structure 108, a beam structure 110, and a staircase slab 112. There are further shown various connecting members, such as a connection assembly mechanism 114. It will be appreciated that various enclosure structures, such as the wall structure 104, the other wall structure 106, the slab structure 108, the beam structure 110, and the staircase slab 112, may be precast structures prefabricated at an offsite location away from a construction site and installed on-site at the construction site. Referring to FIG. 1B, there are further shown portions of the wall structure 104, such as a pocket member 120 in the top portion of the wall structure 104, a base 122 of the pocket member 120, and a chamfered portion 124 along a vertical portion adjacent to the base 122 of the pocket member 120. There is further shown a horizontal precast structure 109 that represents both the slab structure 108 and the beam structure 110 for brevity. Various portions of the horizontal precast structure 109 include a horizontal plank 109A and a horizontal topping 109B. There is further shown a recess 126.

Referring back to FIG. 1A, in some embodiments, the foundation structure 102 corresponds to a monolithic cast-in-place foundation structure. The foundation structure 102 is the lowest part of the enclosure structure 100 that is in direct contact with the soil and transfers loads from the enclosure structure 100 to the soil safely. To construct the foundation structure 102, trenches are dug deeper into the soil till a hard stratum is reached. Reinforcement cages are incorporated, and concrete is poured. Because the foundation structure 102 is a cast-in-place module and is poured all at once, it is erected much faster, thereby keeping labor costs low. The foundation structure 102 is designed to account for the characteristics of the underlying soil and local environment (e.g., slope of underlying soil, soil type, compactness, local weather conditions, etc.) such that the underlying soil below the foundation structure 102 does not undergo shear failure.

In some embodiments, the wall structure 104 corresponds to a level-1 wall which is installed directly on the foundation structure 102. In some embodiments, the wall structure 104 is a multi-layered precast structure that can withstand load, climate changes, and daily wear and tear as may be subjected to the enclosure structure 100. It will be appreciated that the wall structure 104 obtained due to the construction technology is high quality, forming repeatable and scalable building structures. The wall structure 104 may form an IECC energy compliant high-performance envelope. In some embodiments, the wall structure 104 is, for example, an 8 inches precast insulated wall. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the wall structure 104 has other thicknesses and dimensions.

In some embodiments, the other wall structure 106 is similar to the wall structure 104 and is installed vertically above the wall structure 104 at level 2 of the enclosure structure 100. It will be appreciated that the enclosure structure 100 is merely illustrative of some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the wall structure 104 is installed indirectly on the foundation structure 102, such as by intermediate elements, another wall structure is installed indirectly on the wall structure 104, or both.

In some embodiments, the slab structure 108 corresponds to a horizontal precast structure that creates a flat horizontal surface, such as part of a floor, a roof deck, and ceiling. In some embodiments, the slab structure 108 is generally several inches thick and supported by the beam structure 110, the wall structure 104, column, or the ground. In some embodiments, the slab structure 108 includes a concrete base and a structural topping, as further described in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the structural topping includes specialized materials applied to an existing concrete base of the slab structure 108 to enhance performance, durability, and aesthetics. In some embodiments, the slab structure 108 is a lattice girder slab that acts as permanent formwork and as precast soffits for robust, high-capacity composite slabs. In some embodiments, the slab structure 108 is cast with most, if not all, of the bottom reinforcement; the top reinforcement is fixed in situ.

In some embodiments, the beam structure 110 corresponds to a horizontal precast structure that is able to withstand vertical loads, shear forces, and bending moments. The beam structure 110 is able to transfer loads that are imposed along its length to their endpoints, such as the foundation structure 102, the wall structure 104, and the like. The beam structure 110 is able to be used for both load-bearing and non-load bearing applications and is able to be made in a variety of shapes and sizes. Similar to the slab structure 108, the beam structure 110, in some embodiments, also includes a prestressed beam and a beam topping, as further described in FIG. 4A.

In some embodiments, the recess 126 is obtained when a horizontal precast structure, such as the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110, is affixed to the vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104.

In some embodiments, the staircase slab 112 is a precast structure designed to provide vertical access from one level to another in the enclosure structure 100. The staircase slab 112 is able to be made up of reinforced concrete that eliminates the trouble of adjusting the number of steps, rise, run and width of each stair flight. In some embodiments, the staircase slab 112 includes a single precast unit containing all the flights and landings or separate precast flights and landings.

In some embodiments, the connection assembly mechanism 114 corresponds to various brackets and shear connectors that are embedded in different precast structures, such as the wall structure 104, the slab structure 108, and the beam structure 110, which when interconnected at the construction site, results in a robust installation of ceiling portions of various levels of the enclosure structure 100. The structure and installation of the connection assembly mechanism 114 is described in detail below.

In some embodiments, the pocket member 120 in the top portion of the wall structure 104 corresponds to an indentation formed during casting of the wall structure 104 at the factory settings. The height of the pocket member 120 is able to be substantially greater than the height of the slab structure 108. In some embodiments, the length and width of the base 122 of the pocket member 120 at least conforms (e.g., aligns) with the dimensions of the horizontal flange of the wall bracket of the connection assembly mechanism 114. The chamfered portion 124 along a vertical portion adjacent to the base 122 of the pocket member 120 conforms with the vertical flange of the wall bracket of the connection assembly mechanism 114. In some embodiments, the height of the pocket member 120 is, for example, 1 foot 6½ inches towards the internal side of the wall structure 104. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the height of the pocket member 120 is able to have other dimensions. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the base 122 of the pocket member 120 and the chamfered portion 124 conform with the dimensions of the horizontal flange and the vertical flange of the wall bracket of the connection assembly mechanism 114.

Once the aforesaid precast structures, e.g., the wall structure 104 (with embedded wall bracket of the connection assembly mechanism 114), and the slab structure 108 and/or the beam structure 110 (with embedded flat bracket of the connection assembly mechanism 114), have been constructed in a factory setting, they are subsequently transported to the construction site. At the construction site, each wall structure 104 is mechanically positioned in accordance with a pre-designed layout for the enclosure structure 100. On the top portion, each wall structure 104 is able to have an embedded component, e.g., a wall bracket with embedded shear connectors, of the connection assembly mechanism 114. Each wall structure 104 is able to also have another embedded component of another connection assembly mechanism for interconnection with corresponding component embedded in the foundation structure 102. Once the various instances of the wall structure 104 are installed on the various instances of the foundation structure 102, the flat brackets of various instances of the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110 are mechanically coupled with corresponding wall brackets of the various instances of the wall structure 104 through a connection mechanism, such as welding, at the construction site.

As shown in the second view 100B, the slab structure 108 and the beam structure 110 are collectively shown to be the horizontal precast structure 109. In some embodiments, the horizontal precast structure 109 has two portions, a horizontal plank 109A and a horizontal topping 109B. In some embodiments, the horizontal plank 109A corresponds to a precast concrete structure that is able to further consist of steel lattice girders and bottom reinforcement as well. The steel lattice girders are able to provide stiffness and the bonding between the horizontal plank 109A and the horizontal topping 109B. The bottom reinforcement is able to help to prevent the damage of concrete near joints. In some embodiments, the horizontal topping 109B, also referred to as a topping screed, is a specialized material applied to the horizontal plank 109A to enhance its performance, durability, and aesthetics.

With reference to the building blocks disclosed in FIG. 1A, in some embodiments, various connection methodologies and/or technologies, such as the connection assembly mechanism 114, are utilized to interconnect orthogonal precast structures and make the enclosure structure 100 structurally and environmentally seamless. The connection assembly mechanism 114, as described herein, is able to speed up installation processes and reduce the need for skilled labor and allow a high degree of precast structure completion in the factory enabling repeatability with higher quality levels than traditional methodologies.

Since the enclosure structure 100, as proposed by the present disclosure, is a modular construction, the precast structures are installed in an ordered manner so as to not create a load decompensation, the precast structures sequentially erected vertically, increasing the height of the enclosure structure 100 as per the pre-designed layout for the enclosure structure 100. Once the installation corresponding to the structural work has finished, the placement of doors and windows, bathroom fittings are then carried out in order for a final painting job. It may be contemplated by the present disclosure that the connection assembly mechanism 114 is able to be employed in any commercial or residential structure having a variety of dimensions and stories.

FIG. 2 is a detailed view 200 of the connection assembly mechanism 114, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 2 is described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A and 1B. Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown the connection assembly mechanism 114 that includes a flat bracket 202 and a wall bracket 212. The flat bracket 202 includes a first surface 204, a second surface 206, and a first set of shear connectors 208. The wall bracket 212 includes a horizontal flange 214, a vertical flange 216, a set of inner surfaces 218, and a set of outer surfaces 220. The wall bracket 212 further includes two vertical shear connectors 222 and a horizontal shear connector 224, collectively referred to as a second set of shear connectors.

In some embodiments, the flat bracket 202 corresponds to a flat metal bar having a top surface, e.g., the first surface 204, and a bottom surface, e.g., the second surface 206. In some embodiments, the first set of shear connectors 208 extends from the first surface 204 on an imaginary first vertical plane and are embedded within the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 (as shown in FIG. 3) or the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110 (as shown in FIG. 4A) during casting. The first set of shear connectors 208 is able to be headed steel studs, steel bars, steel lugs, and similar devices which are attached to the first surface 204 for the purpose of achieving composite action with concrete of the precast plank 108A or the prestressed beam 110A. In some embodiments, a portion of the head end of the first set of shear connectors 208 protrudes through the precast plank 108A and is embedded within a base of the slab topping 108B during cast-in-place, as shown in FIG. 3.

In some embodiments, the second surface 206 is flush mounted with the first lateral side of the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 or the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110. In some embodiments, the flat bracket 202 is positioned adjacent to the bottom edge towards a first lateral side of the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 or the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110. The first lateral side of the precast plank 108A or the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110 is the one that is coupled with the wall structure 104 using the connection assembly mechanism 114.

In some embodiments, the wall bracket 212 corresponds to an orthogonal shaped metal bar having the horizontal flange 214 and the vertical flange 216. In some embodiments, the set of inner surfaces 218 of the wall bracket 212 corresponds to the inner surfaces of the horizontal flange 214 and the vertical flange 216 collectively. Similarly, the set of outer surfaces 220 of the wall bracket 212 correspond to the outer surfaces of the horizontal flange 214 and the vertical flange 216 collectively. As illustrated, an outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 flush-mounts with a base portion of a pocket member of the wall structure 104. Also, an outer surface of the vertical flange 216 of the wall bracket 212 is flush-mounted at a vertical portion orthogonal to the base portion of the pocket member of the wall structure 104. The two vertical shear connectors 222 extend from the inner surface of the horizontal flange 214 and lie on an imaginary second vertical plane parallel to the vertical flange 216. The horizontal shear connector 224 extends from the inner surface of the vertical flange 216 and lies on an imaginary horizontal plane parallel to the horizontal flange 214. It will be appreciated that the imaginary horizontal plane and the second vertical plane intersect with each other. Also, the imaginary first vertical plane and the second vertical plane are at an offset with respect to each other.

The two vertical shear connectors 222 and the horizontal shear connector 224 extend from the set of inner surfaces 218 of the wall bracket 212 and are embedded within the base of the pocket member 120 of the wall structure 104. There is further shown the angular elongated connector 226 that is also longitudinally embedded within the wall structure 104 to provide additional grip and support to the connection assembly mechanism 114.

FIG. 3 is a side view 300 of the connection assembly mechanism 114 coupling a first horizontal precast structure, e.g., the slab structure 108, and a vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 3 is described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2. Referring to FIG. 3, there are shown a flat bar 302, weld joints 304, an elastic pad 306, a slab recess 126A adjacent to the head of the slab structure 108, a first point ‘P1’ located at a first side with respect to the first set of shear connectors 208, a waterproof sealant 308, and a U-bar 310.

In some embodiments, the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 corresponds to a precast concrete structure that further consists of steel lattice girders 108C and bottom reinforcement (not shown) as well. The steel lattice girders 108C are able to provide stiffness and the bonding between the precast plank 108A and the slab topping 108B. The bottom reinforcement is able to help to prevent the damage of concrete near joints. In some embodiments, the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 is, for example, a 3 inches thick concrete half slab. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the precast plank 108A is able to have other thicknesses and dimensions.

In some embodiments, the slab topping 108B of the slab structure 108, also referred to as topping screeds, is specialized materials applied to the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 to enhance its performance, durability, and aesthetics. In some embodiments, the slab topping 108B of the slab structure 108 is, for example, 3 inches thick structural topping. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the slab topping 108B is able to have other thicknesses and dimensions.

The slab recess 126A is able to be obtained when the slab structure 108 is affixed to the vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104, and a gap is left between the pocket wall and the head of the slab structure 108. More specifically, the slab recess 126A, adjacent to the head of the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108, is able to be a gap that is left when the flat bracket 202 (flush-mounted with the slab structure 108) is mechanically coupled with the wall bracket 212 (flush-mounted with the wall structure 104) at the construction site. In some embodiments, the slab recess 126A is able to be formed as the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212 is welded with the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 at a first point ‘P1’. In some embodiments, the first point is located towards a first side with respect to the first set of shear connectors 208 using the flat bar 302. More specifically, the first point ‘P1’ is able to be located at the inner surface of the horizontal flange 214 and between the head of the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 and the first set of shear connectors 208. In some embodiments, the slab recess 126A is later on filled with non-shrinking grout.

In some embodiments, the flat bar 302 corresponds to a member of the connection assembly mechanism 114 that is used to mechanically couple the flat bracket 202 (flush-mounted with the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110) with the wall bracket 212 (flush-mounted with the wall structure 104) at the construction site. In some embodiments, the flat bar 302 is able to be, for example, a ¼ inches thick flat bar using which the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212 is welded with the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the flat bar 302 is able to have other thicknesses and dimensions.

In some embodiments, the weld joints 304, referred to as fillet weld, are roughly triangular cross-sectional joints that are able to be formed as the flat bar 302 is welded with the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212 on one side and with the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 on the other side. A welding operator is able to deposit metal in a corner formed by the fit-up of the two members. In some embodiments, the two members are the flat bar 302 and the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212 on one side. Additionally, in some embodiments, the two members are the flat bar 302 and the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 on the other side. Upon welding, this metal penetrates and fuses with the base metal to form the joints.

In some embodiments, the elastic pad 306 is an elastomeric slab bearing pad that is able to provide cushioning to heavy-duty structures and prevent any damage to either of them. In some embodiments, the elastic pad 306, for example neoprene pad, is sandwiched between the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 and the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212 before the horizontal precast structure, such as the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110, is coupled with the vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104. The elastic pad 306 is able to distribute the load and accommodate movement caused by thermal expansion, contraction, and seismic activity ensuring the structural integrity and longevity of the construction.

In some embodiments, the waterproof sealant 308 is a protective coating applied over the slab topping 108B and the adjacent portion of the wall structure 104. In some embodiments, the waterproof sealant 308 is a concrete floor sealant that reacts with ‘free lime’ present in fresh concrete of the slab topping 108B and the adjacent portion of the wall structure 104, which may otherwise contribute to surface cracking. In some embodiments, the waterproof sealant 308 is a polymer-based coating that is applied when the topmost layer of the slab topping 108B is a vinyl flooring layer. However, it will be appreciated that the waterproof sealant 308 is not limited to only the two exemplary embodiments, as described above. Other types of waterproof sealant 308 are also able to be applied based on the type of topmost layer of the slab topping 108B.

In some embodiments, the U-bar 310 corresponds to a reinforcement element that prevents the concrete of, for example the precast plank 108A, from slipping under stress and moments. In some embodiments, the U-bar 310 is also a part of the wall structure 104 and other types of horizontal planks, such as the prestressed beam 110A, as illustrated in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 4A is a side view 400A of the connection assembly mechanism 114 coupling a second horizontal precast structure, e.g., the beam structure 110, and the wall structure 104, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 4A is described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2 and 3. Referring to FIG. 4A, there is shown the beam structure 110 that is able to include a prestressed beam 110A and a beam topping 110B, a second point ‘P2’ located at a second side with respect to the first set of shear connectors 208, a beam recess 126B, a backer rod 402, another wall structure 106, and the U-bar 310.

In some embodiments, the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110 corresponds to a precast concrete structure that further consists of steel lattice girders 110C and bottom reinforcement 110D as well. The steel lattice girder 110C is able to provide stiffness and the bonding between the prestressed beam 110A and the beam topping 110B. The bottom reinforcement 110D is able to help to prevent the damage of concrete near joints. In some embodiments, the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110 is, for example, an 8 inches thick concrete prestressed beam. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the prestressed beam 110A is able to have other thicknesses and dimensions.

In some embodiments, the beam topping 110B of the beam structure 110, also referred to as a topping screed, is a specialized material applied to the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110 to enhance its performance, durability, and aesthetics. In some embodiments, the beam topping 110B of the beam structure 110 is, for example, a 2 inches thick structural topping. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the beam topping 110B is able to have other thicknesses and dimensions.

The beam recess 126B adjacent to the head of the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110 is able to be a minimal gap that is left when the flat bracket 202 (flush-mounted with the beam structure 110) is mechanically coupled with the wall bracket 212 (flush-mounted with the wall structure 104) at the construction site. In some embodiments, the beam recess 126B is formed as the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212 is welded with the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 at a second point ‘P2’. The second point is able to be located towards a second side with respect to the first set of shear connectors 208 using the flat bar 302. More specifically, the second point ‘P2’ is able to be located at the inner surface of the horizontal flange 214 and beyond the first set of shear connectors 208.

In some embodiments, the backer rod 402 is used as there may be gaps formed underneath the bottom surface of the other wall structure 106 and the top surface of the wall structure 104 that is flush with the beam topping 110B of the beam structure 110. The backer rod 402 is able to control the thickness, spread, and amount of the sealant needed to fill the gap. In some embodiments, the backer rod 402 is fitted both towards the internal and the external sides of the wall structure 104. Afterwards, in some embodiments, an approved sealant is used to completely fill such gaps to ensure contact and proper adhesion.

FIG. 4B is a top view 400B of the connection assembly mechanism coupling a horizontal precast structure, e.g., the slab structure 108, and a vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104, in accordance with some embodiments. FIG. 4B is described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3, and 4A. There are further shown various instances of the connection assembly mechanism 114, e.g., a first connection assembly mechanism 114A and a second connection assembly mechanism 114B, embedded in the slab structure 108. The first connection assembly mechanism 114A comprises a first flat bracket 202A (having first shear connectors 208A), a first wall bracket 212A (having first vertical shear connectors 222A and a first horizontal shear connector 224A), and a first U-bar 310A. Similarly, the second connection assembly mechanism 114B comprises a second flat bracket 202B (having second shear connectors 208B), a second wall bracket 212B (having second vertical shear connectors 222B and a second horizontal shear connector 224B), and a second U-bar 310B. It will be appreciated the components of the first connection assembly mechanism 114A and the second connection assembly mechanism 114B are similar to the components of the connection assembly mechanism 114, as described in detail in the descriptions of FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4A above. The details of such components are omitted here for brevity.

In an exemplary embodiment, the locations of the first connection assembly mechanism 114A and the second connection assembly mechanism 114B are able to be such that the spacing between the first connection assembly mechanism 114A and the second connection assembly mechanism 114B is predetermined to be, for example, 1 foot 2 inches. However, the above example should not be construed as limiting, and other values for the locations and the spacing providing optimum performance level is also possible, without any deviation from the scope of the disclosure. In certain embodiments, an automated and intelligent system recommends such locations and the spacings between various instances of the connection assembly mechanism 114 along the wall structure 104 and the horizontal precast structures based on a first and a second set of parameters, as described in detail in the description of FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary system 500 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The system 500 includes a processor 502, a memory 504, input/output (I/O) devices 506, a network interface 508, and a Computer-Aided Utilities (CAU) module 510 that includes an intelligent recommendation module 512 and a computer-aided manufacturing module 514. The system 500 is able to be further communicatively coupled with a computer numerical control (CNC) machine 516 via a communication network 518.

In some embodiments, the processor 502 comprises suitable logic, circuitry, and interfaces that are configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 504 or commands provided by a user. In some embodiments, the processor 502 also collects information for processing, stores it in the memory 504, and transmits it to other modules, such as the CAU module 510 and the I/O devices 506. In accordance with some embodiments, the computing functionalities of the processor 502 disclosed herein are able to be implemented in one or more silicon cores in a RISC processor, an ASIC processor, a CISC processor, FPGAs, and other semiconductor chips, processors, or control circuits.

In some embodiments, the memory 504 comprises suitable logic, circuitry, and interfaces that are configured to store data supporting various functionalities performed by the processor 502 and the CAU module 510. In some embodiments, the memory 504 stores information and/or instructions, various application programs or applications, and a set of data and commands for various operations performed by the processor 502 and the CAU module 510. The memory 504 is able to include volatile and non-volatile memory, such as a random-access memory (RAM) and a read only memory (ROM). Several program modules are able to be stored on the hard disk, external disk, the RAM, or the ROM, including an operating system, one or more application programs, and program data. The RAM is able to be of any type, such as SRAM, DRAM, or SDRAM. A BIOS containing the basic routines that may transfer information between elements within the system, such as during start-up, are able to be stored in the ROM.

In some embodiments, the I/O devices 506 includes input devices, such as keyboard, mouse, microphone, camera, light pen, gesture recognition devices, scanner, touch screen and the like, which is able to be used to provide input to the system 500. In some embodiments, the input includes user-defined settings, a layout of the enclosure structure 100, a weight of the wall structure 104, a quality of the concrete, and the like. In some embodiments, the user-defined settings include structure and design of the connection assembly mechanism 114. In some embodiments, the I/O devices 506 further includes output devices, such as touch screen, printer, display screen, and the like. The output is able to include recommendations for the type, quantity, size, location, and spacing pertaining to multiple instances of the connection assembly mechanism 114 to be used for coupling the horizontal precast structures with the wall structure 104.

In some embodiments, the network interface 508 is configured to transmit/receive the data from the I/O devices 312 over the communication network 518 to/from other network interfaces of other devices. In some embodiments, the network interface 508 transmits the code files to other platforms, such as the CNC machine 516, for fabricating or manufacturing the connection assembly mechanism 114 with desired geometry, structure, and design. The network interface 508 is able to include wired communication interfaces, wireless communication interfaces, cellular communication interfaces, and other communication interfaces to provide communication via other modalities, known in the art.

In some embodiments, the CAU module 510 comprises suitable logic, circuitry, and interfaces that are able to be configured to perform various functionalities to intelligently handle the fabrication and/or manufacturing of the connection assembly mechanism 114 based on the requirement and the layout of the enclosure structure 100.

In some embodiments, the CAU module 510 includes the intelligent recommendation module 512 programmed, for example, with a rules-based algorithm retrieved from the memory 504 and user-defined settings received from the I/O devices 506. Accordingly, the CAU module 510 is able to automatically incorporate local rules, knowledge, geographical information, content, and design of the connection assembly mechanism 114 for indicating type, quantity, and sizes of different components of the connection assembly mechanism 114 for coupling horizontal precast structures with wall structures based on a first and a second set of parameters. The types of the materials for the connection assembly mechanism 114 are able to be based on carbon content, content based on different alloying elements, or environmentally safe content. In some embodiments, the quantity of the connection assembly mechanism 114 corresponds to how many connection assemblies are appropriate for coupling horizontal precast structures with the wall structure 104. The size of the connection assembly mechanism 114 is able to refer to the dimensions of each component in proportion to each other. In some embodiments, the intelligent recommendation module 512 of the CAU module 510 is able to further recommend locations and the spacing between various instances of the connection assembly mechanism 114 along the wall structure 104 and the horizontal precast structures based on the first and the second set of parameters.

In some embodiments, the first set of parameters includes, for example, material specifications of the metal used for the connection assembly mechanism 114. In some embodiments, the material specifications include, for example, tensile strength, yield strength, minimum elongation, and hardness of the connection assembly mechanism 114. For example, if the tensile strength of the material is low, then a greater number of connection assemblies may be appropriate and vice versa. In some embodiments, the second set of parameters includes, for example, one of a location, an orientation, and a weight of the wall structure 104, and various environmental conditions, such as those corresponding to hurricane sensitive or earthquake sensitive zones. For example, if the enclosure structure 100 is in a hurricane sensitive zone, then a greater number of connection assemblies of higher tensile strength may be appropriate. Thus, the intelligent recommendation module 512 is able to automatically apply local rules to conform with regulations, building codes, local preferences, and user-defined settings for the manufacture, fabrication, and/or installation of the connection assembly mechanism 114.

In some embodiments, the intelligent recommendation module 512 saves the information relating to the recommendation of the connection assembly mechanism 114 to computer files that are stored in the memory 504.

In some embodiments, the computer-aided manufacturing module 514 translates the information, relating to the recommendation of the connection assembly mechanism 114 corresponding to the fabrication and installation of the connection assembly mechanism 114, to a machine tool code language. By way of non-limiting example, G-Code, based on the RS-274 standard is able to be used as a machine tool code language. The computer-aided manufacturing module 514 is able to save the information relating to the machine tool code language in code files that is stored in the memory 504.

In some embodiments, the CNC machine 516 is configured to process a piece of material, such as a metal, to meet specifications by following coded programmed instructions and without a manual operator directly controlling the machining operation. In some embodiments, the coded programmed instructions are received by the CNC machine 516 in the form of a sequential program of machine control instructions, such as G-code or M-code. In some embodiments, such coded programmed instructions are executed by the CNC machine 516 to control various machine tools, such as drills, lathes, mills, presses, power saws, and the like, for manufacturing various products, such as various components of the connection assembly mechanism 114.

It will be appreciated that the various components of the connection assembly mechanism 114 are able to be manufactured automatically by using the machine tools controlled by the CNC machine 516, as described above, in accordance with some embodiments. However, the disclosure is not so limited, and in accordance with other embodiments, the components of the connection assembly mechanism 114 are able to be manufactured manually by using hand tools as well, or by a combination of automatic and manual steps, without any deviation from the scope of the disclosure.

In some embodiments, the communication network 518 comprises suitable logic, circuitry, and interfaces that are able to be configured to facilitate communication of data between different components, systems and/or sub-systems in a computing environment that includes the system 500 and other devices, such as machine tools. In some embodiments, the communication network 316 includes the Internet, a local area network (LAN), or any type of network of one or more computers that communicatively couples multiple computers, to name only a few examples. The communication data is transmitted or received via at least one communication channel of a plurality of communication channels. The communication channels are able to include, but are not limited to, a wireless channel, a wired channel, or a combination of wireless and wired channels thereof. The wireless or wired channels are able to be associated with a data standard which may be defined by one of a Local Area Network (LAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a wireless personal LAN (WPLAN), a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), a WAN, and a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), the Internet, cellular networks, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks, short-range networks (for example, Bluetooth®, WiGig, ZWave®, ZigBee®, IrDA, and the like), and/or any other wired or wireless communication networks or mediums.

FIG. 6 illustrates the steps of a method 600 of coupling a horizontal precast structure and a vertical precast structure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Although specific operations are disclosed in FIG. 6, such operations are examples and are non-limiting. In different embodiments, to name only a few examples, the method 600 includes other steps, the sequence of the steps is modified, some steps are omitted, or any combination of these variations may be incorporated. The steps of method 600 are able to be automated or semi-automated. In various embodiments, one or more of the operations of the method 600 can be controlled or managed by software, by firmware, by hardware, or by any combination thereof. FIG. 6 will be explained in conjunction with the descriptions of FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, and 3.

In some embodiments, the method 600 includes processes in accordance with the present disclosure which can be controlled or managed by a processor(s) (e.g., the processor 502) and electrical components under the control of a computer or computing device including computer-readable media containing computer-executable instructions or code. The readable and executable instructions (or code) are able to reside, for example, in data storage (e.g., the memory 504), such as volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or mass data storage, as only some examples.

At a step 602, the method 600 includes determining a type, a quantity, and a size of the connection assembly mechanism 114 for coupling the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110 with the wall structure 104. In some embodiments, the type, quantity, and size of the connection assembly mechanism 114 is determined based on the first set of parameters associated with the connection assembly mechanism 114 and the second set of parameters associated with the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110, and the wall structure 104. In some embodiments, the processor 502 in conjunction with the CAU module 510 is configured to determine the type, quantity, and size of the connection assembly mechanism 114. The first set of parameters and the second set of parameters are already described in detail in the description of FIG. 5.

At a step 604, the method 600 includes flush-mounting the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 with the horizontal precast structure, such as the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110. More specifically, in some embodiments, the second surface 206 is flush-mounted with the lateral side of the precast plank 108A of the slab structure 108 or the prestressed beam 110A of the beam structure 110.

At a step 606, the method 600 includes flush-mounting an outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 with a base portion of the pocket member 120 of the vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104.

At a step 608, the method 600 includes chamfer-mounting an outer surface of the vertical flange 216 of the wall bracket 212 at the chamfered portion 124 orthogonal to the base portion of the pocket member 120 of the vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104.

At a step 610, the method 600 includes placing the elastic pad 306 for slab bearing between the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 and the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212. In some embodiments, the elastic pad 306 is placed while coupling the horizontal precast structure, e.g., the slab structure 108 or the beam structure 110, and the vertical precast structure, e.g., the wall structure 104.

At a step 612, the method 600 includes coupling the outer surface of the horizontal flange 214 of the wall bracket 212 and the second surface 206 of the flat bracket 202 through a connection mechanism, such as welding mechanism, at a construction site.

In some embodiments, the two surfaces are coupled and the beam structure 110 is interconnected with the wall structure 104. The beam topping 110B is applied over the prestressed beam 110A so that the top surface of the wall structure 104 is flush with the beam topping 110B of the beam structure 110. When the construction further proceeds to level 2, e.g., the next floor, the other wall structure 106 is installed on the top surface of the wall structure 104 that is flush with the beam topping 110B of the beam structure 110. In such a case, there are able to be gaps formed underneath the bottom surface of the other wall structure 106 and the top surface of the wall structure 104 that is flush with the beam topping 110B of the beam structure 110. To fill the gaps, in some embodiments, the backer rod 402 is used to control the thickness and amount of the sealant needed to fill the gaps. The backer rod 402 is able to be fitted both towards the internal and the external sides of the gaps. Thus, the backer rod 402 forces the sealant within the gaps to ensure contact and proper adhesion.

Advantageously, by using the connection assembly mechanism 114 as disclosed herein, construction of the enclosure structure 100 is rapid, with the desired structural integrity and strength. Further, as described above, this process of construction provides stability for the enclosure structure 100, making it durable, and weatherproof, among other such advantages mentioned in detail above.

The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having,” as used in the specification herein, shall be considered as indicating an open group that is able to include other elements not specified. The terms “a,” “an,” and the singular forms of words shall be taken to include the plural form of the same words, such that the terms mean that one or more of something is provided. The term “one” or “single” may be used to indicate that one and only one of something is intended. Similarly, other specific integer values, such as “two,” may be used when a specific number of things is intended. The terms “preferably,” “preferred,” “prefer,” “optionally,” “may,” and similar terms are used to indicate that an item, condition, or step being referred to is an optional (not required) feature of the disclosure. The term “connecting” includes connecting, either directly or indirectly, and “coupling,” including through intermediate elements.

The disclosure has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that methods, devices, device elements, materials, procedures, and techniques other than those specifically described herein may be applied to the practice of the disclosure as broadly disclosed herein without resort to undue experimentation. All art-known functional equivalents of methods, devices, device elements, materials, procedures, and techniques described herein are intended to be encompassed by this disclosure. Whenever a range is disclosed, all subranges and individual values are intended to be encompassed. This disclosure is not to be limited by the embodiments disclosed, including any shown in the drawings or exemplified in the specification, which are given by way of example and not of limitation. Additionally, it should be understood that the various embodiments of the building blocks described herein contain optional features that may be individually or together applied to any other embodiment shown or contemplated here to be mixed and matched with the features of that building block.

While the disclosure has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments may be devised which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as disclosed herein.