FUEL REDUCTION COMPOSITION FOR DIESEL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a fuel-reducing composition for diesel internal combustion engines, which includes nanosized crushed nanomaterials and uses a lubricity improver to ensure sufficient dispersion. This allows for the cleaning of the combustion chamber and promotes complete combustion, which enhances output while reducing fuel consumption.

BACKGROUND ART

An internal combustion engine is an engine that obtains energy by burning fuel and air in a combustion chamber, wherein this internal combustion engine burns fuel and uses a torque of a crankshaft to do various things.

The internal combustion engine generates torque in the crankshaft by obtaining rotational force using a cam at the lower end of a piston that reciprocates up and down inside a cylinder.

Specifically, the internal combustion engine allows fuel and air to explode by sparks in the combustion chamber formed at the top of a cylinder head and piston head, and this force can be converted into rotational motion.

Fuel additives are added to fuel to improve the performance of internal combustion engines or reduce pollutants, such as antioxidants, which prevent fuel oxidation and increase stability.

In addition, among the fuel additives, a detergent removes foreign substances such as coke or carbon inside the engine and keeps an injection hole or valve clean.

Among the fuel additives, a catalyst promotes the combustion reaction to increase fuel efficiency and output.

To explain the fuel additive a little more, the fuel additives are compounds added to the fuel used by the engine to improve engine performance or reduce emissions, which are designed to operate with gasoline, diesel or other types of fuel and can be used in a wide range of vehicles, including cars, trucks, boats and airplanes.

Examples of conventional fuel additives include octane boosters, fuel system cleaners, lubricating additives, anti-gelling agents, and emission agents.

The octane booster is designed to increase the octane value of gasoline to improve engine performance and prevent knocking or ping.

The fuel system cleaning agent is used to remove sediment and other pollutants from the fuel system to help improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

The lubricity additive is designed to improve the lubricating properties of diesel fuel to prevent engine wear and reduce emissions.

The anti-gelling agent is used to prevent gelling or waxing of diesel fuels that may cause engine problems in cold climates.

The emission reducing agent is used to reduce harmful emissions from internal combustion engines such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO).

The use of the fuel additive generally improves the performance and efficiency of the internal combustion engine, as well as it reduces exhaust gas and helps extend engine life.

The ‘fuel-saving additives using nanomaterials for marine bunker-A oil’ is disclosed in Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0076541.

Conventional fuel-saving compositions relate to technologies that promote complete combustion by including nano-sized mineral particles to reduce fuel.

In addition, the conventional art of Korean Patent No. 10-2496061 discloses a technology relating to a ‘fuel additive composition for smoke reduction of internal combustion engine.’

The fuel additive composition is a composition capable of improving performance of internal combustion, cleaning engine, preventing corrosion and reducing exhaust gases such as smoke.

The conventional fuel additive composition is a fuel additive composition for reducing fumes in internal combustion engines that include tall oil and anionic surfactants, and consists of a step mixing kerosin, resin acid, tall oil, and anionic surfactants, and agitation step, wherein the resin acid uses palustric acid, and the anionic surfactant consists of alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyltoluene, alkylxylene, and alkylnaphthalene, and the fuel additive composition is formed for use by mixing fuel at a weight ratio of 2000:1.

SUMMARY

Technical Problem

However, the conventional fuel additive composition had following problems, and the present invention was invented to overcome these problems.

(1) Substances used as lubricity improver adhere to each other and transform into large particles, acting as substances that interfere with complete combustion, which increases the emission of harmful substances.

(2) The complete combustion of the fuel is hindered by a surfactant contained therein, and the engine output is lowered.

(3) Nanomaterials are attached to each other during use and turn into large particles, acting as foreign substances inside the combustion chamber, so that complete combustion is not achieved.

Technical Solution

Since diesel (diesel oil) is a hydrocarbon mixture containing hydrocarbons as the main component and has a little viscosity, it is necessary to control the dispersion of the above sticking particles because the main component, hydrocarbon particles, adheres to each other and is transformed into large particles that interfere with complete combustion.

Therefore, this invention is characterized of forming a fuel-reducing composition by mixing a certain amount of mixture (hereinafter referred to as ‘nanomaterial’) of minerals with excellent dispersive functions that are pulverized in nanometers with the butyl acetate solvent.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is inserting 5 to 7 wt % of the nanomaterial consisting of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite to a butyl acetate solvent, and comprising 2 wt % of a lubricity improver.

Another embodiment of the present invention is characterized of inserting 5 to 7 wt % of the nanomaterial consisting of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite to the butyl acetate solvent, and comprising a lubricity improver and a cetane improver.

Additional embodiment of the present invention is characterized of inserting 5 to 7 wt % of the nanomaterial consisting of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite to the butyl acetate solvent, and comprising a lubricity improver, a cetane improver, an antioxidant, and a defoamer.

Effectiveness of this Invention

According to the fuel-reducing composition for a diesel internal combustion engine formed by a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following effects occur.

(1) By limiting the size of the nanomaterial, it can smoothly clean the inside of the combustion chamber without interfering with combustion.

(2) For the dispersion of nanomaterials, a surfactant is not used, and a lubricity improver is used to facilitate dispersion while protecting the combustion chamber of the engine and inducing complete combustion.

(3) Since nanomaterials are not attached to each other by limiting their size and by the lubricity improver, combustion may be facilitated, and complete combustion may be induced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing a test result of the fuel-reducing composition for a diesel internal combustion engine formed by a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is another photograph showing a test result of a fuel reduction composition for a diesel internal combustion engine formed by a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is another photograph showing the test result of a fuel reduction composition for a diesel internal combustion engine formed by a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is another photograph showing the test result of a fuel reduction composition for a diesel internal combustion engine formed by a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Prior to describing a specific embodiment of the present invention, the figures shown in the specification may slightly exaggerate or simplify the size and shape of components thereof in order to more clearly describe the present invention.

In addition, the description of parts not related to the technical idea of this invention was omitted, and throughout this specification, the same or similar components were explained with the same reference number.

Since the terms and codes defined in the present invention are arbitrarily defined or selectively used by a user, an operator, and a drafter, these terms should be interpreted as meanings and concepts conforming to the technical idea of the present invention based on the overall contents of the present specification and should not be limited to the meaning of the terms themselves.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 5 to 7 wt % of a nanomaterial consisting of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite is added to a butyl acetate solvent, and 2 wt % of a lubricity improver is included.

As another embodiment of the present invention, 5 to 7 wt % of the nanomaterial consisting of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite is added to the butyl acetate solvent, and a lubricity improver and a cetane improver is included.

As another additional embodiment of the present invention, 5 to 7 wt % of the nanomaterial consisting of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite is added to the butyl acetate solvent, and a lubricity improver, a cetane improver, an antioxidant, and a defoamer is included.

The aforementioned solvent, butyl acetate, is an organic compound of the formula CH₃(CH₂)₃O₂CCH₃ and is a colorless and combustible liquid.

The butyl acetate is an ester derived from n-butanol and acetic acid, found in various kinds of fruits, has a unique taste, and has a sweet smell of bananas or apples, and is widely used as an industrial agent.

The reason why the weight % of the nanomaterials are limited to 5-7 wt % is that when nanomaterials are inserted less than 5 wt %, cleaning of inside the cylinder is insignificant and does not have a significant effect on the dispersion of diesel fuel, so it is insufficient to induce complete combustion,

• • and when the nanomaterials exceed 7 wt %, the cylinder is cleaned well, but rather, there is a problem of nanomaterials sticking together and interfering with the complete combustion, so the numerical limitation was made for the optimal effect.

The nanomaterial is consisted of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite, and it is appropriate that the particle size of each nanomaterial should be 40 to 80 nm.

If the nanomaterial particles are less than 40 nm, the cleaning effect is reduced, and if the nanomaterial particles are more than 80 nm, they become entangled with each other due to an increase in electrostatic force, and the inside of the combustion chamber gets damaged.

Out of the total 7 wt % of the nanomaterials, it is appropriate to consist of 2 wt % of celadonite, 1 wt % of birnessite, 2 wt % of lizardite, and 2 wt % of carpholite.

The Celadonite is a mica group mineral, a phyllosilicate of potassium, with iron in two oxidation states, aluminum, and it generally forms massive aggregates of prismatic crystals or dull clay masses.

The Birnessite is a manganese dioxide mineral and the primary manganese mineral species on the Earth's surface, and it generally forms as fine, poorly crystallized aggregates in soils, sediments, grain and rock coatings, as well as in marine ferromanganese nodules and crusts.

The Lizardite is a mineral of the tetragonal subgroup whose formula is Mg₃(OH)₄, and is the most common type of mineral in the subgroup.

The Carpholite is a manganese silicate mineral of the formula Mn 2+Al₂Si₂O₆(OH)₄, occurring as a thin prism or yellow cluster of needles, crystallized in an orthorhombic system.

The nanomaterials contain each of manganese, silicic acid, potassium, etc., and when the fuel with the fuel additive is sprayed by dissolving in the solvent in a nano-sized size, it enters together and cleans the interior of the combustion chamber, inducing the diffusion of the entire fuel to induce complete combustion

As for the lubricity improver, it is suitable to use one or mixture of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME), or ethylene diamine.

The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is a kind of fatty acid ester, the polyalkylene glycols (PAG) is alcohol-based, and the diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) is ether-based.

The cetane improver is suitably one of 2-EHN (2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate), Di-tert-butyl Peroxide (DTBP), Ethyl Hexyl Nitrate (EHN), Tetraethyl Lead (TEL), fatty acid ester, or polymer nitrogen-containing compound.

The antioxidant suitably uses butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), hindered phenol, or alkylated diphenylamine.

The butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a phenolic antioxidant, the butylated hydroxyyanisole (BHA) and hindered phenols are phenolic antioxidant groups, and the alkylated diphenylamines is amine-based antioxidants.

The defoamer is formed to reduce bubbles for the complete combustion of fuel and is composed of one of polysiloxanes, polyether polymer, or petrolatum-based defoamer.

The polysiloxanes is silicon-based, and the petrolatum-based defoamer comprises compounds such as tributyl phosphate and tributyl citrate.

Embodiment 1

The butyl acetate solvent comprises total 6 wt % of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite nanomaterials and 2 wt % of fatty acid methyl ester per 1 liter of the butyl acetate solvent, and they are completely diluted in the butyl acetate solvent,

• • wherein the nanomaterials consist of 28 wt % of celadonite, 20 wt % of birnessite, 28 wt % of lizardite, and 24 wt % of carpholite.

Embodiment 2

The butyl acetate solvent comprises total 7 wt % of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite nanomaterials, 1 wt % of ethylenediamine, and 0.3 wt % of fatty acid ester per 1 liter of the butyl acetate solvent, and they are completely diluted in the butyl acetate solvent,

• • wherein the nanomaterials consist of 27 wt % of celadonite, 20 wt % of birnessite, 28 wt % of lizardite, and 25 wt % of carpholite.

Embodiment 3

The butyl acetate solvent comprises total 7 wt % of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite nanomaterials, 1 wt % of ethylenediamine, 0.3 wt % of fatty acid ester, and 0.1 wt % siloxane per 1 liter of the butyl acetate solvent, and they are completely diluted in the butyl acetate solvent,

• • wherein the nanomaterials consist of 25 wt % of celadonite, 25 wt % of birnessite, 25 wt % of lizardite, and 25 wt % of carpholite.

Embodiment 4

The butyl acetate solvent comprises total 7 wt % of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite nanomaterials, 2 wt % of fatty acid methyl ester, 0.1 wt % of 2-EHN (2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate), and 0.05 wt % siloxane per 1 liter of the butyl acetate solvent, and they are completely diluted in the butyl acetate solvent,

• • wherein the nanomaterials consist of 24 wt % of celadonite, 20 wt % of birnessite, 28 wt % of lizardite, and 28 wt % of carpholite.

Embodiment 5

The butyl acetate solvent comprises total 7 wt % of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite nanomaterials, 2 wt % of fatty acid methyl ester, 0.3 wt % of 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate, and 0.05 wt % siloxane per 1 liter of the butyl acetate solvent, and they are completely diluted in the butyl acetate solvent,

• • wherein the nanomaterials consist of 24 wt % of celadonite, 20 wt % of birnessite, 28 wt % of lizardite, and 28 wt % of carpholite.

Embodiment 6

The butyl acetate solvent comprises total 7 wt % of celadonite, birnessite, lizardite, and carpholite nanomaterials, 1.5 wt % of hindered phenol, 1 wt % of fatty acid ester, and 0.5 wt % of polyether polymer, and they are completely diluted in the butyl acetate solvent,

• • wherein the nanomaterials consist of 27 wt % of celadonite, 20 wt % of birnessite, 26 wt % of lizardite, and 26 wt % of carpholite.

In order to find out the performance of the fuel-reducing composition for a diesel internal combustion engine formed by the preferred embodiment of the present invention, Embodiments 1 to 6 were formed and tested in comparison with the conventional fuel additives of Company B and Company H.

<Experiment 1> Fuel Reduction Rate Experiment

• • Fuel: High-sulfur diesel
  • Test engine: Total 8 units of Caterpillar 50 ps (onshore generator)
  • Additives: Fuel reduction compositions in Embodiments 1 to 6, Fuel Additives of Company B and Company H
  • Measuring device: Flow meter tank level (error 3.71 L)

Experimental Method

1) Using one test engine, 50 liters of fuel was added, and the engine was operated for 1 hour at 2000 rpm, and after operation, the remaining amount of fuel was measured to determine the fuel consumption before additive use—a total of 33 liters was consumed.

2) After diluting each additive to 2000:1, 50 liters were added, and the engine was operated for 1 hour at 2000 rpm, and after operation, the remaining amount of fuel was measured to determine the fuel consumption after additive use for each case.

Result of Experiment

	Embodi-	Embodi-	Embodi-	Embodi-	Embodi-	Embodi-	Com-	Com-
	ment 1	ment 2	ment 3	ment 4	ment 5	ment 6	pany B	pany H

Liters	25.2	25.4	24.8	25.2	24.3	24.2	30.1	32.3

Referring to the above experimental results, it can be seen that the consumption amount before use was 33 liters, whereas only 24 to 25 liters were used in Embodiments 1 to 6.

Especially, it was confirmed that there were almost no fuel savings with fuel additives from Company B and Company H.

In other words, Embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention showed a fuel reduction rate of 25-30%, Company B showed a fuel reduction rate of 9%, and Company H showed a fuel reduction rate of about 2%.

Therefore, Embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention were found to exhibit a high fuel reduction rate.

<Experiment 2> Measurement of Soot Emission Levels

FIGS. 1 to 4 show Embodiment 2, which has the best performance among the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and display the result of measuring soot after mixing with diesel in an engine of an old diesel vehicle

All four vehicles used in the test were older models that has been driven between 110,000 km to 220,000 km. Initially, they failed the inspection due to high exhaust emissions. However, after adding the fuel-reducing composition of Embodiment 2 of the present invention to the fuel, they all passed the test, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.

According to Experiment 2 above, it can be confirmed that the fuel-reducing composition for diesel internal combustion engines formed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention can significantly reduce the exhaust emissions.

By using the fuel-reducing composition for diesel internal combustion engines formed according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of the nanomaterials is limited, allowing for efficient cleaning of the combustion chamber without interfering with combustion. Without the use of surfactants for the dispersion of nanomaterials, a lubricity improver is employed to facilitate smooth dispersion while simultaneously protecting the combustion chamber of the engine and promoting complete combustion. Since the nanomaterials do not adhere to each other due to their size limitation and the use of the lubricity improver, combustion proceeds smoothly, leading to complete combustion and producing the desired effects.

Although the present invention has been described based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures, it is clear to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention covered by the claims to be described below.