CARTRIDGE CASE MODIFYING JIG

Description

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/686,197, filed Aug. 23, 2014, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a cartridge case modifying jig used to facilitate drilling and tapping a cartridge case for the purpose of creating a modified cartridge case used in ammunition reloading practices.

BACKGROUND

In the world of firearms and shooting, reloading or hand loading of ammunition is a niche that employs many specialized tools and techniques to attain precision and consistency in dimensions and specifications of ammunition loaded for a given firearm. Better precision and repeatability from round to round often results in better performance from the resulting ammunition.

One important element of reloading is bullet seating. When a bullet is seated into a cartridge or cartridge case, usually with the use of a reloading press and seating die commonly known in the art of reloading and handloading, the seating depth and resulting overall length of the loaded round is particularly important. More specifically the length at which a round is loaded and the relationship of the ogive (i.e., the position on a bullet's outer diameter where the bullet transitions to taper from its nominal diameter to the bullet tip) of that round and where the bullet begins to engage with the rifling of a barrel is of utmost importance in loading ammunition for precision. It is widely regarded that ammunition with bullets loaded close to, but not engaging with the lands of a barrel produces some of the most accurate ammunition in many rifles. The ability to measure and precisely control the distance of a bullet in a loaded round allows the person loading the ammunition to determine the most desirable seating depth for their purposes and consistently build ammunition to that specification.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,608,762A discloses a length gauge conventionally used for this purpose. This length gauge uses a cartridge or cartridge case that has been modified, most often by drilling and thread-tapping a hole in the cartridge case head (i.e., the bottom part of the cartridge case, which is direct contact with the firing mechanism) whereby the cartridge case head can be attached to a gauge inserted into the chamber through the breech of a firearm. This cartridge or cartridge case employed is often referred to in the art as a “modified cartridge case.” Length gauges of this configuration have been adopted widely over the years by many ammunition loaders and continues to be sold and marketed.

Despite the popularity of such a length gauge, the modified cartridge case needed for this system to be effective is often difficult for users to source or make. There are two common sources of obtaining a modified cartridge case for use in such a length gauge. In a first approach, many ammunition loaders will purchase a mass-produced modified cartridge case available for widely used, standard cartridges and chambers. Unfortunately, mass-produced modified cartridge cases have a shortcoming in that the cartridge case used does not always fit the chamber of a specific rifle or firearm exactly.

The alternative is to fabricate a modified cartridge case by drilling and tapping a cartridge case to mount to the length gauge. When fabricating a modified cartridge case, a person could use their own fired cartridge case, which causes the fired cartridge case to be fire-formed to fit the chamber of the host firearm perfectly. Another advantage of this approach is that in many instances, a loader of ammunition may be working with a unique cartridge for which modified cartridge cases are not readily available on the market, requiring to fabricate their own for lack of alternatives.

Unfortunately, traditional processes for fabricating a modified cartridge case, either require the use of specialized and expensive equipment, such as a lathe or drill press, or are carried out with more rudimentary tools. However, conventionally quality results have been near impossible without the use of specialized and expensive equipment, particularly due to challenges aligning the drill bit and thread tap precisely with the cartridge case, as well as difficulty holding the cartridge case securely while the drilling and tapping functions are performed. Note that businesses have been established that will accept a cartridge case from a customer to perform the drilling and thread-tapping modification thereon using the expensive equipment that might otherwise be unavailable to an individual loader.

What is needed, therefor, is a cartridge case modifying jig that enables easy and precise drilling and tapping a cartridge case to create a modified cartridge case for use with commonly available length gauges and a cartridge case modifying kit that includes said jig.

SUMMARY

One embodiment provides a cartridge case modifying jig, comprising: a jig body comprising a central alignment hole configured to concentrically align a drill bit and/or a thread tap with a cartridge case along a center axis; and a cartridge holder configured to hold the cartridge case in alignment with the center axis.

Another embodiment provides such a jig, further comprising one or more guide inserts removably positioned within the alignment hole, configured to reduce wear and/or to accommodate various drill bit or thread tap sizes.

A further embodiment provides such a jig, wherein the cartridge holder comprises a reloading die that is configured to hold the cartridge case.

Yet another embodiment provides such a jig, further comprising a side port in the jig body.

A yet further embodiment provides such a jig, wherein the jig body is polygonal in shape in a cross section that is perpendicular to the center axis.

Still another embodiment provides such a jig, wherein the one or more guide inserts are hollow-core threaded plugs configured to screw into the alignment hole.

A still further embodiment provides such a jig, wherein the alignment hole is configured to limit off-axis movement of the drill bit or thread tap during a drilling or tapping operation.

Even another embodiment provides such a jig, further comprising a lock ring configured to control positioning of the cartridge holder in relation to the jig body.

An even further embodiment provides such a cartridge case modifying kit, comprising: the cartridge case modifying jig; a drill bit configured for use with the jig; and a thread tap configured for use with the jig.

A still even another embodiment provides such a kit, further comprising a plurality of drill bits and thread taps to accommodate various cartridge case sizes and specifications.

A still even further embodiment provides such a kit, wherein the drill bit and thread tap are provided as a combination drill/tap tool.

Still yet another embodiment provides such a kit, further comprising one or more guide inserts configured to be removably positioned within the alignment hole, and configured to reduce wear and/or to accommodate various drill bit or thread tap sizes.

A still yet further embodiment provides such a kit, further comprising a reloading die configured to secure the cartridge case in the jig body.

Even yet another embodiment provides such a kit, further comprising an instruction manual for performing drilling and tapping operations.

An even yet further embodiment provides such a kit, wherein the components of the kit are provided in a case for transport and storage.

Still even yet another embodiment provides a method for modifying a cartridge case for use in ammunition reloading, comprising: inserting a cartridge case into a cartridge holder of a cartridge case modifying jig, the jig comprising a jig body with a central alignment hole configured to align a drill bit and a thread tap with the cartridge case along a center axis; inserting the drill bit through the alignment hole and drilling a hole into the cartridge case; removing the drill bit and inserting the thread tap through the alignment hole; tapping the drilled hole to create a threaded hole in the cartridge case; and removing the thread tap from the alignment hole.

A still even yet further embodiment provides such a method, wherein the cartridge holder comprises a reloading die threaded into the jig body to secure the cartridge case.

Yet still even another embodiment provides such a method, further comprising inserting, into the alignment hole, a guide insert configured to maintain concentric alignment during the drilling and tapping operations.

A yet still even further embodiment provides such a method, further comprising applying a cutting fluid or lubricant to the drill bit or thread tap during the operation.

The features and advantages described herein are not all-inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been selected principally for readability and instructional purposes, and not to limit the scope of the inventive subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view depicting of a cartridge case modifying jig according embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a side view depicting a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view depicting the cartridge case modifying jig of FIG. 2, sectioned to reveal internal features according to embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view depicting an assembled cartridge case modifying jig with holding, drilling and aligning means according to embodiments.

FIG. 5A is an exploded view depicting a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments and FIG. 5B is an exploded cross-section view depicting a cartridge case modifying jig, demonstrating internal features according to embodiments.

FIG. 6 depicts a front view of a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

FIG. 7 depicts a side view of a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

FIG. 8A depicts a cross-section view of a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments; FIG. 8B depicts a cross-section view of a drilling step using a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments; and FIG. 8C depicts a cross-section view of a tapping step using a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a perspective diagram depicting an alternative configuration for a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a perspective diagram depicting another alternative configuration for a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a perspective diagram depicting yet another alternative configuration for a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a perspective diagram depicting an even further alternative configuration for a cartridge case modifying jig according to embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Without limitation, various embodiments of the present disclosure include a cartridge case modifying jig that serves as means for holding a cartridge case in straight and concentric alignment with a drill bit or thread tap so as to drill and thread-tap a cartridge case for the purpose of creating a modified cartridge case for use in a length gauge, and a cartridge case modifying kit that includes such a cartridge case modifying jig.

Embodiments of a cartridge case modifying jig will be described in detail below in reference to the appended figures.

FIG. 1 depicts a cartridge case modifying jig 100 according to embodiments. In embodiments, the cartridge case modifying jig 100 comprises a jig body 101 of a suitable material, which in embodiments may be an aluminum or ferrous metal, and in other embodiments may comprise other suitable materials such as injection-molded or 3D-printed polymer. In embodiments the body 101 comprises at least one hole formed concentrically through the center axis of the body, configured to hold a cartridge case in place straight and concentric along the axis to be drilled and thread tapped. In embodiments the concentrically formed holes comprise an alignment hole 105, which defines the center axis of the body 101, and guides a drill bit 403, described below, during drilling of the cartridge case. In embodiments a drill guide insert 103, which may be configured as a hollow threaded plug that screws into a threaded portion (not numbered) of the alignment hole 105, may be provided for use to aid in alignment, vary the diameter of the alignment hole 105 and/or reduce wear on alignment hole 105. In embodiments a plurality of drill guide inserts 103 may be used in combination, while in embodiments one or more bushings may be used instead, where the drill guide inserts 103 and bushings (not numbered), whether threaded, pressed or held in concentric alignment with the body 101 by other means, may be configured to vary the hole size or style to accept different bits 403 and/or thread taps 501.

Such embodiments that use bushings or drill guide inserts 103, offer the benefit of limiting the wear on material used in the manufacture of the body 101. Bushings or drill guide inserts 103, which may be of a hardened material, may enable greater latitude in selecting the materials for the body 101 for properties such as cost, availability, machinability, and market desirability. Non-limiting examples of such materials include, for example, steel, aluminum, and polymer in machined, injection-molded or 3D-printed form.

In embodiments the length, size and position of the alignment hole 105 may be varied to accommodate different drill bits 403, thread taps 501, different lengths or circumferences of cartridge cases, or differing cartridge case holding or drill bit dimensions and alignment techniques. Alignment of the drill bit 403 and thread tap 501 may be achieved by means of the alignment hole 105 in the body 101, sized to allow the drill bit 403 to be inserted, while limiting off-axis movement thereof, thereby keeping the drill bit 403 aligned with the body 101 and cartridge case 503 during a drilling operation.

In embodiments outer dimensions and shape 109 of the jig body 101 may be selected as appropriate by those skilled in the art, incorporating, for example, outer surface features and shapes to enhance an individual's grip when the jig is used held by hand, and flat parallel opposing surfaces to facilitate holding the body 101 in a vise or similar holding fixture for ease of use during operation. The features and geometries may be achieved by knurling or employing a polygonal outer surface. In embodiments the body 101 is polygonal in shape, to accommodate gripping and holding of the body 101, whether by hand, vise or other holding and or securing means. In embodiments, the length of the body may be selected as appropriate by determining the interaction between drill bit and thread tap length in relation to the positioning of the ammunition cartridge case in light of the specific holding method that is envisioned.

In embodiments ports 107 are formed in one or more sides of the body of the jig to allow better visibility of the drilling and tapping operation and also to facilitate application of cutting fluid, lubricants or removal of debris produced through the drilling and tapping operation.

FIG. 2 is a side view depicting the body 101 with the drill guide insert 103, and a port 107, of an embodiment. In embodiments, the other side view may be substantially symmetrical to that which is depicted in FIG. 2, though not necessarily so.

FIG. 3 is a section view cut along datum 3 in FIG. 2, showing greater detail and interior features. In this view, a center axis 301 is shown, along which the cartridge case 503 is to be aligned axially and concentrically for the drilling and tapping procedure. The drill guide insert 103 may be inserted by any of a variety of means, and may be secured using threads 303. The alignment hole 105 can also be seen as the open center of the drill guide insert 103 and also extending through the body 101. As depicted in FIG. 3, the body 101 further comprises a cartridge opening 305 that is configured to receive the cartridge case 503. In embodiments, the cartridge opening 305 is configured as a threaded opening configured to receive a reloading die 405, described below in reference to FIG. 5A, as means for holding the cartridge case 503 in place during the drilling and tapping operations. Note that other embodiments, not illustrated, employ different methods for inserting and holding the cartridge case 503.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view depicting an assembled modified cartridge case jig 401 ready for s drilling operation using the drill bit 403. In embodiments, the drill bit 403 is held in axial alignment by the alignment hole 105, which in FIG. 4 is illustrated as the hollow core in the drill guide insert 103. In the illustrated embodiment, a reloading die 405 is used as means of holding a cartridge case 503, illustrated in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, that is to be drilled and tapped.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B represent an exploded view and section view, respectively, of the components used to drill and tap a cartridge case 503 into a modified cartridge case (unnumbered). In embodiments, the body 101 acts as the primary alignment interface, along with the drill guide insert 103, to align the drill bit 403 and/or the tap 501 with the cartridge case 503 along the center axis 301. With these components axially aligned, the alignment hole 105 provides a straight, concentric, axially-aligned path for the drill bit 403 and/or the tap 501 to be inserted to make contact with the cartridge case 503 for the drilling and tapping operation. In embodiments the drilling and tapping operation removes material from a primer pocket 505, illustrated in FIG. 5B, of the cartridge case 503 to produce a modified cartridge case that can be used in in ammunition reloading.

The cartridge case 503 may be held in alignment with center axis 301 by any suitable cartridge holder. In embodiments this is achieved by die threads 507 in the jig body 101 accepting a reloading die 405, with the cartridge case 503 inserted into a cartridge chamber 511, and the resulting assembly is then threaded into the jig body 101. A lock ring 509, often used with reloading dies, may be used to facilitate securing and adjusting depth of the reloading die 405 in association with the jig body 101. Note that many reloading dies include additional parts such as a decapping rod or expander ball, which would typically be removed from the reloading die 405 for this operation, where the reloading die accessory threads 513 in FIG. 5B represent the location from which said parts would commonly be removed. In embodiments the threaded hole 507 of the jig body 101, may be configured to accept a widely available reloading dies 405 as typically used in sizing a cartridge case after firing. In embodiments a cartridge case 503 to be modified may be inserted into the reloading die 405 and the reloading die 405 threaded into the threads 507 of the open end of the jig body 101 to engage the cartridge case 503 into the tightened sizing chamber (not numbered) of the reloading die 405, to thereby hold the cartridge case 503 in place while the cartridge case 503 is drilled and tapped from the other end of the jig body 101. In other embodiments the cartridge holder for holding the cartridge case 503 may be achieved instead through a collet systems, clamps or shell holders engaging with corresponding geometries in the cartridge case holding end of the jig, a detent or cutout within the jig body 101 itself, or by any suitable means, method, or mechanism, without limitation.

FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are a front and side view of an assembled cartridge case modifying jig showing the jig body 101 with an incorporated port 107 and a drill guide insert 103 as well as a reloading die 405 and a lock ring 509 installed ready for drilling and tapping operation.

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C are a cutaway views along datum 8A, 8B, 8C to depict a drilling and tapping operation according to embodiments. In FIG. 8A, a cartridge case 503 has been inserted into the reloading die 405 in axial and concentric alignment with the center axis 301. In embodiments a drill bit 403 is inserted and turned by any suitable means (such as, in an embodiment a handheld drill) to form or enlarge a hole through the cartridge case 503, while held in axial and concentric alignment by the alignment hole 105. With drilling completed, the drill bit 403 may be removed and the thread tap 501 inserted and turned by any suitable means (such as, in an embodiment, a tap handle as known in the art) to form and/or cut threads into the cartridge case 503. In embodiments the drilling and tapping operation is performed using a combination drill/tap bit (not shown) in one step rather than two.

In embodiments, the cartridge case modifying jig 100 may be sold or otherwise provided to or procured by the user in the form of the jig body 101 alone, with the user providing a suitable drill bit 403 and/or thread tap 501 or combination drill bit and thread tap. In other embodiments, the cartridge case modifying jig 100 together with a drill bit 403 may be sold or otherwise provided to the user, or procured by the user, in the form of a kit that includes the cartridge case modifying jig 100 together with the drill bit 403. In embodiments, the cartridge case modifying jig 100 together with a thread tap 501 may be sold or otherwise provided to the user, or procured by the user, in the form of a kit that includes the cartridge case modifying jig 100 together with the thread tap 501. In embodiments, the cartridge case modifying jig 100 and both a drill bit 403 thread tap 501 may be sold or otherwise provided to the user, or procured by the user, in the form of a kit. In embodiments the kit may include a variety of drill bits 403 and/or a variety of thread taps 501, or a variety of drill bit/thread tap combination tools (not numbered) to provide compatibility of the modified cartridge case with a variety of other hardware to be used in length gauges. In embodiments the kit may include one or more guide inserts to accommodate various drill bit and thread tap sizes. In embodiments the kit includes a reloading die. In embodiments the kit includes an instruction manual. In embodiments the components of the kit are provided in a case for transport and storage.

Although the present disclosure has been illustrated and described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments may perform similar functions and/or achieve like results. FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12 are perspective diagrams depicting a few of many potential alternative embodiments, wherein the jig body 101 comprises a body of material through which a substantially round alignment hole 105 is made to concentrically and axially align a drill bit 403 and/or a thread tap 501 to achieve a centered and straight threaded hole in a cartridge case 503. It is noted that a combination drill/tap or similar may be used with the same result, and as such is within the scope of this invention. When the drill bit 403 or thread tap 501 is inserted into the alignment hole 105, side-to-side movement of the drill bit 403 or thread tap 501 is limited thereby, thus achieving axial alignment with the jig body 101. A cartridge case 503 is inserted into the opposite end of the jig body 101 and held in alignment with the center axis of the jig body 101. As the drill bit 403 and/or tap 501 and the cartridge case 503 are rotated along the axis of the jig body 101 in opposite directions of one another, a concentric and axially aligned hole is cut or formed in the cartridge case head to produce a modified cartridge case. In embodiments the hole may be formed by fixing the position of the cartridge case 503 as the drill bit 403 and/or tap 501 are rotated. However, the effects of the cartridge case modifying jig may be achieved by fixing the drill 402 and/or tap 501 and rotating the cartridge case 503, or rotating both simultaneously. All such equivalent embodiments and examples are within the spirit and scope of the present invention, are contemplated thereby, and are intended to be covered by the following claims.

While the embodiments set forth above were presented assuming that the jig of the present disclosure is configured to align drilling and/or tapping tools with a cartridge case, the inventive concept presented herein is not limited exclusively to modifying cartridge cases, but rather can be applied to drilling and/or tapping a variety of other types for workpieces. Such workpieces may include but are not limited to, for example dowels, barrels, pipe, tubing, or stock in a variety of material, compositions or dimensions.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well as the singular forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one having ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

In describing the invention, it will be understood that a number of techniques and steps are disclosed. Each of these has individual benefit and each can also be used in conjunction with one or more, or in some cartridge cases all, of the other disclosed techniques. Accordingly, for the sake of clarity, this description will refrain from repeating every possible combination of the individual steps in an unnecessary fashion. Nevertheless, the specification and claims should be read with the understanding that such combinations are entirely within the scope of the invention and the claims.

In the description above, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

The present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated by the figures or description below.

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the disclosure has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. Each and every page of this submission, and all contents thereon, however characterized, identified, or numbered, is considered a substantive part of this application for all purposes, irrespective of form or placement within the application. This specification is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure.

Although the present application is shown in a limited number of forms, the scope of the disclosure is not limited to just these forms, but is amenable to various changes and modifications. The present application does not explicitly recite all possible combinations of features that fall within the scope of the disclosure. The features disclosed herein for the various embodiments can generally be interchanged and combined into any combinations that are not self-contradictory without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In particular, the limitations presented in dependent claims below can be combined with their corresponding independent claims in any number and in any order without departing from the scope of this disclosure, unless the dependent claims are logically incompatible with each other.

Various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.

While various inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.

All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

If this specification states a component, feature, structure, or characteristic “may”, “might”, or “could” be included, that particular component, feature, structure, or characteristic is not required to be included. If the specification or claim refers to “a” or “an” element, that does not mean there is only one of the element. If the specification or claims refer to “an additional” element, that does not preclude there being more than one of the additional element.

In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures.

To the extent that the present disclosure has utilized the term “invention” in various titles or sections of this specification, this term was included as required by the formatting requirements of word document submissions pursuant the guidelines/requirements of the United States Patent and Trademark Office and shall not, in any manner, be considered a disavowal of any subject matter.

In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed.

Moreover, the description and illustration of various embodiments of the disclosure are examples and the disclosure is not limited to the exact details shown or described.