DEEP WATER SWELL AND WAVE GENERATOR

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/758,161, filed Feb. 13, 2025, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/693,637, filed Sep. 11, 2024, the disclosures of both of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to wave-generating systems for aquatic facilities, and more specifically, some embodiments relate to deep-water swell generators that use hydraulically actuated hollow vessels in partially enclosed basins to produce surfable waves in man-made pools.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to wave generating systems and the design of manmade bodies of water that have a hydrography conducive to causing waves to break in a manner and shape desirable for the sport of surfing. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system for creating deep water swells for ultimately producing a breaking wave in shallow water.

Due to the popularity of ocean and beach related activities, many attempts have been made to create manmade bodies of water which attempt to recreate the ocean and beach environment. To this end, many water theme parks have been developed in an effort to try to recreate water and wave conditions that exist in the open ocean. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles in creating the incredibly complex wave phenomena encountered in the ocean.

Because of the complexities, previous attempts have been primarily limited to manmade wave pools wherein a wave generator is located at one end of the pool and a simulated beach is located at the other. In creating a wave, large amounts of water are moved back and forth. Water is released at the deep end of the pool causing energy to be created which travels towards the opposite shallower area of the pools where waves break. Conventionally, wave pools have a single sloped beach area upon which the waves break. This arrangement requires that people simply wishing to wade in the shallow water, such as small children and the elderly, must share the water with more adventuresome individuals wishing to ride the waves.

Water theme parks have also employed “lazy rivers.” Lazy rivers generally include a closed loop channel wherein a mild current of water allows swimmers to swim and float in a downstream manner. Though the lazy river allows individuals to coast endlessly and effortlessly, the current is mild and provides little excitement for the more adventuresome. More recently, more complicated attempts have been developed for recreating waves that more closely exemplify waves found in nature. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,928,670 describes a wave generating system positioned in the middle of an elongated pool. The wave generator includes a double hull design which moves down the middle of the pool to create waves which strike an undulating shoreline. An additional attempt to recreate the dynamics of ocean waves is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,920,651. This patent describes a circular wave pool with an island in the middle. The entire outer wall of the pool possesses a wave generator in the form of paddles. Allegedly, the wave generators are synchronized to produce waves that travel around the circular ring in an endless loop supposedly creating a surfable wave that never ends.

Another example of a wave generator is U.S. Pat. No. 10,501,951 which describes a plunger that is raised and lowered into a pool of water using a drive and guide mechanism. The plunger and drive and guide mechanism is described as having a supporting frame and a central guide post on which is mounted the plunger and a piston. The piston is mounted within a cylinder. The cylinder receives compressed fluid, in this embodiment air, via one or more inlets from pumps or compressors. An intermediate chamber may be provided that acts as compressed air storage. Air is pumped by compressors into the storage chamber and released into cylinder using valves. This allows the air compressors to run continuously.

Unfortunately, the prior attempts to create wave pools suffer from numerous deficiencies. In particular, the waves created by some of the prior art systems do not accurately simulate waves found in nature. Also, the prior attempts to create wave pools use a lot of energy in the form of trains, air compressors or electric winches to move enough water to make a wave. Air compressors in particular use a lot of energy to move water and they produce a lot of ambient noise.

Moreover, it would be desirable to provide water enthusiasts with a more natural water and beach environment than has been provided by previous systems.

Therefore, there is a need for an improved wave generator, and more particularly to a swell generator that makes waves that more accurately create waves found in nature and that would provide a more natural water and beach environment that is quiet, where only the sound of breaking waves can be heard. More precisely a water and beach environment where there is no sound from air compressors or other mechanical devices that produce noise. Furthermore, it would be desirable to provide a wave generator that is more efficient and uses less energy than current wave generating systems.

SUMMARY

Disclosed are example embodiments of a system and method for generating deep-water swells in a man-made pool environment. The disclosed technology leverages hydraulically actuated hollow vessels that move within partially enclosed basins to displace water in a controlled manner, thereby producing surfable waves that emulate natural ocean swells.

In one aspect, a wave-generating system includes a partially enclosed basin with three side walls and a floor, open on one side to a man-made pool; a hollow vessel configured to travel vertically within the basin between DOWN and UP positions; and a drive assembly that raises and lowers the vessel. Vertical motion of the vessel displaces water so that a swell exits the basin through the open side and propagates into the pool as a surfable wave.

In another aspect, a method of generating surfable waves in a man-made pool includes positioning a hollow vessel in a partially enclosed basin open to the pool, holding the vessel in a DOWN position to displace water, rapidly raising the vessel to an UP position above the waterline to draw pool water inward, and then rapidly lowering the vessel toward the DOWN position to force water outward from the basin into the pool, thereby forming a swell that propagates as a wave. The features and advantages described in the specification are not all-inclusive. In particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the disclosed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The details of the subject matter set forth herein, both as to its structure and operation, may be apparent by study of the accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the subject matter. Moreover, all illustrations are intended to convey concepts, where relative sizes, shapes and other detailed attributes may be illustrated schematically rather than literally or precisely.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of the effects of a wave entering shallow water.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of the different classifications of breaking waves.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a singular wave generating apparatus in the DOWN position during Phase 1.

FIG. 4 is a section view of Phase 1.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of Phase 1 with multiple wave generators in the stationary DOWN position during the initial displacement of water inside the partially enclosed pool basin areas of the wave pool.

FIG. 6 is an illustration Phase 2, showing the hollow vessel being quickly lifted upwards and out of the pool of water as described in Phase 2.

FIG. 7 is a section view of Phase 2 showing the hollow vessel being lifted quickly out of the water to the up position, wherein the water is moving into the partially enclosed pool basin area of the wave pool and the water rising upwards because of the force of the water flowing into the area constrained by the 3 vertical walls and floor of the partially enclosed pool basin area.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of the wave generator in the UP position showing an upper wall added to the basin, with an opening below the upper wall to allow waves to enter the larger pool area. This feature provides additional containment while shaping the outflowing water into a directed wave.

FIG. 9 is a section view of the wave generator in the UP position showing four rows of double rubber seals located on the basin walls. The seals form an interference fit with the hollow vessel to control water surge.

FIG. 10 is an isometric view of the wave generator in the DOWN position showing the rubber seals disposed on all four sides of the basin. This arrangement ensures sealing in both the UP and DOWN positions of the vessel.

FIG. 11 is a detail view of the double rubber seal formed of resilient material and is configured to compress against the exterior of the hollow vessel.

FIG. 12 is a detail of the seal mounting assembly, showing three stainless steel plates and a stainless steel base plate securing the rubber seal to the basin wall. This construction provides structural durability and corrosion resistance.

FIG. 13 provides a side cut-away view of the seal assembly of wave generator 800, illustrating the interface geometry where the double rubber seals engage the exterior surface of the hollow vessel.

FIG. 14 is a further detail view of the double rubber seal interference with the hollow vessel, illustrating how the seals prevent water from surging upward during Phases 1-3 of operation. This improves efficiency of wave generation.

FIG. 15 is an illustration of the water movement during Phase 2, with the illustration showing the water rushing in to fill the void left by the hollow vessel that was previously submerged in the water during Phase 1.

FIG. 16 is an illustration of the hollow vessel of the wave generating apparatus lifted completely out of the water and in the UP position showing water flowing into the partially enclosed pool basin area and the water rebounding off the vertical walls of the partially enclosed pool basin area as described in Phase 2.

FIG. 17 is an illustration of multiple hollow vessels of the wave generating apparatus, lifted out of the water and in the UP position as described in Phase 2.

FIG. 18 is an illustration of Phase 3, showing a singular hollow vessel being quickly pushed downward into the partially enclosed pool basin areas causing a wave to be generated, and showing the waves traveling into the larger pool area.

FIG. 19 is an illustration of Phase 3, showing a singular hollow vessel being quickly pushed downward into the partially enclosed pool basin areas causing a wave to be generated, and showing the waves traveling into the larger pool area.

FIG. 20 is an illustration of Phase 3, showing multiple hollow vessels being quickly pushed downward into the partially enclosed pool basin areas causing waves to be generated, and showing the waves traveling in unison into the larger pool area.

FIG. 21 is a close-up view of the Hydraulic Piston Cylinders extended and the mechanical arms in the UP position.

FIG. 22 is a close-up view of the Hydraulic Piston Cylinders retracted and the mechanical arms in the DOWN position.

FIG. 23 is an isometric top view of the hydraulic piston cylinders, the mechanical arms, and the guide wheels and the hollow vessel in the UP position.

FIG. 24 is an illustration of a 12-inch guide wheel used to stabilize the hollow vessel within the basin during vertical travel with the large wheel diameter reducing rolling resistance and wear.

FIG. 25 is a diagram noting that four rows of double rubber seals are located on all four sides of the partially enclosed basin. This figure reinforces the sealing arrangement across all basin walls.

FIG. 26 is a perspective cut-away view of a representative wave generator 800 showing the hollow vessel supported within a partially enclosed basin by hydraulic piston assemblies and associated arm linkages.

FIG. 27 is a side sectional view of wave generator 800 positioned within a partially enclosed basin adjacent to the larger pool body.

FIG. 28 illustrates various views of a wheel guide assembly 2800 used to stabilize and align the hollow vessel during vertical travel within the partially enclosed basin.

FIG. 29 is a perspective cutaway view of a wave generator module.

FIG. 30 illustrates three views of the recessed wheel guide assembly.

FIG. 31 is a top plan view of a wave pool with deep water generators of the present invention located at one end of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across a wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 32 is a top plan view of a wave pool with the deep water wave generators of the present invention located at two ends of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession, traveling across a wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 33 is a top plan view of a wave pool with the deep water generators of the present invention located at two ends of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across a wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 34 is a top plan view of a wave pool with the deep water generators of the present invention located at the sides of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across a wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 35 is a top plan view of a wave pool with the deep water generators of the present invention located in the center of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across the wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by topographic contour lines.

The figures and the following description describe certain embodiments by way of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles described herein. Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is noted that wherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used in the figures to indicate similar or like functionality.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Before the present subject matter is described in detail, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present disclosure will be limited only by the appended claims.

The teachings herein are directed to a wave forming apparatus and method consisting of a hollow vessel, containing air at an ambient pressure and/or ballast material, that is lowered and raised into a pool of water for the purpose of displacing the water. The raising and lowering of the hollow vessel into the pool of water causes movement of the water specifically to create singular wave forms in succession. In a preferred embodiment, the hollow vessel is filled with air at ambient pressure, but alternatively, it can be filled with pressurized air or a lightweight material, such as to provide structural rigidity or support to the hollow vessel. Moreover, a ballast material can be added to the hollow vessel to offset upward buoyancy forces. The hollow vessel is raised and lowered into a pool of water using hydraulic fluid pumped into and out of hydraulic piston cylinders that are commonly used in excavator tractors. The hydraulic piston cylinders are connected to multiple mechanical arms that are connected to stationary pillars. The hollow vessel is raised and lowered into a partially enclosed basin area of the wave pool. There can be multiple, partially enclosed pool basin areas with the wave forming apparatus described herein and they can be located at the sides or ends or near the center of a larger pool of water. The partially enclosed basin has permanent wall structures on three sides and a floor structure at the bottom that forms the basin. Only one side of this partially enclosed pool basin is open to the larger pool basin for the purpose of allowing water to enter and exit into this partially enclosed pool basin area where the hollow vessel is raised up out of the pool basin and lowered down into the pool basin by the previously described hydraulically operated piston cylinders and multiple mechanical arms connected to stationary pillars, for the purpose of creating waves.

FIG. 1 is an illustration 100 of the effects of waves 102 entering shallow water 104. FIG. 2 is an illustration of the different classifications of breaking waves 200. Ocean waves and man-made waves share the same basic features including: 1) a crest 106 which is the highest point of a wave; 2) a trough 108 (the lowest point of a wave); 3) a height 110 (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest); 4) a wave length 112 (the horizontal distance between two wave crests); and 5) a period 114 (the time it takes for a wave crest to travel one wave length). Ideal waves are elongated sinusoidal oscillations which give the impression of a wall of water moving in a particular direction. In actuality, as the wave is moving toward you, the water is not. Instead, the energy within the wave travels causing particles on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit. Because the speed is greater at the top of the orbit than at the bottom, a particular water particle is not returned exactly to its original position after the passing of a wave but is instead moved in the direction of the wave motion. The radius of the circular orbit decreases with depth. Thus, as the water becomes more shallow, the orbit of the wave becomes increasingly elliptical. A swell begins to be affected by a shoaling bottom causing the swell to slow and the wave length to shorten until the wave breaks with a white-water curl.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a singular wave generating apparatus 300 in the DOWN position 302 during Phase 1. FIG. 4 is a section view of Phase 1. FIG. 5 is an illustration of Phase 1 with multiple wave generators 300 in the stationary DOWN position 302 during the initial displacement of water inside the partially enclosed pool basin areas of the wave pool. FIG. 6 is an illustration Phase 2, showing the hollow vessel being quickly lifted upwards 602 and out of the pool of water as described in Phase 2. FIG. 7 is a section view of Phase 2 showing the hollow vessel being lifted quickly out of the water to the up position 702, wherein the water is moving into the partially enclosed pool basin area of the wave pool and the water rising upwards because of the force of the water flowing into the area constrained by the 3 vertical walls and floor of the partially enclosed pool basin area. An improved wave generating system includes hydraulic piston cylinders that are connected to steel mechanical arms that are connected to stationary steel H pillars and a hollow vessel containing air. The hydraulic piston cylinders connected to the mechanical arms and stationary pillars are used to move the hollow vessel in an up and down motion. The hollow vessel is raised and lowered by pumping hydraulic oil fluid in and out of the hydraulic piston cylinders through pipes and hoses commonly used in hydraulic oil systems that are used on excavator tractors. The electrically driven hydraulic pumps are used to pump the hydraulic oil and solenoid control valves or joy stick control valves that are commonly used to control the flow of hydraulic oil fluid in and out of a hydraulic piston cylinders are used to precisely control the up and down movement of the hollow vessel. The hollow vessel can be any size, depending on the size of the wave that is desired to be generated. For scientific experiments on wave action in a small wave pool, all the components can be of small size. For large wave pools the components can be quite large. For large wave pools the hollow vessel can be the size of a standard “large” shipping container which is 8 feet wide×8.5 feet high (or 9.5 feet high for “high cube” container)×40 feet long. An example hollow vessel may be the same size as a shipping container which are generally approximately 8 feet wide×9.5 feet high×40 feet long. Though these are preferred dimensions for the hollow container, the hollow container may have different dimensions as can be determined by engineers designing the wave pool. For example, the “small” standard shipping container, having dimensions of 8 feet wide×8.5 feet high×20 feet long, may be preferred for smaller wave pools. Still other less common shipping containers may be employed, including but not limited, to those that are smaller at 8 feet wide×8.5 feet high×10 feet long, or larger at 8 feet wide×9.7 feet high×45 feet long. Moreover, a ballast material can be added to the hollow vessel to offset upward buoyancy forces. Ballast material may be added to the vessel sufficient to reduce the buoyance of the vessel, or to make the hollow vessel neutrally buoyant, or to make the hollow vessel to be heavier than water and thus have negative buoyancy.

In operation, the hollow vessel is raised and lowered into a partly enclosed basin of water located adjacent to a larger pool of water. The up and down motion of the hollow vessel is used to displace water for the purpose of generating waves in the larger pool of water. The partially enclosed basin is comprised of permanent vertical wall structures on three sides and a floor structure at the bottom that forms the bottom of the basin. Only one side of this partially enclosed pool basin is open to the larger pool of water for the purpose of allowing water to enter and exit into this partially enclosed pool basin area from the larger pool of water that is adjacent to the partially enclosed pool basin. The larger pool of water has bottom contours of different depths that cause the waves that are generated to break in a form that is desirable for surfing and for other wave riding activities enjoyed by individuals.

The advantage of using electrically driven hydraulic pumps to move the hollow vessel up and down is that they are quiet and produce a lot of force. In addition, the electric energy used to drive hydraulic pumps is very low in relation to the huge amount of force that is generated. The mechanical/hydraulic efficiency of hydraulic pumps is well proven in other industries. So, by applying this technology to the art of wave generation, great advantages can be achieved over prior art designs in this field.

There are 2 basic positions of the hollow vessel, the UP position and DOWN position, but the movement between the UP and DOWN positions, the speed of the movement between the UP and DOWN positions and the timing of when and for how long the hollow vessel is stationary in the UP or DOWN position are all important aspects of the method to be used in this wave generating apparatus.

The object of the invention is to generate a single wave and a succession of multiple single waves that are suitable for the sport of surfing. In other words, one single wave followed by another single wave followed by another single wave and ongoing single waves that are similar to deep water swells in the ocean. Furthermore, the method here described pertains to how to make the distance between the crests of the waves and the formation of troughs in between the wave crests.

The cycle time between the UP position and DOWN position of the hollow vessel, the speed of the movement between the UP position and DOWN position and the time that the hollow vessel is stationary in the UP position and stationary in the DOWN position are all important aspects of the invention used to produce single waves with a strong wave forming action and to be able to form single waves in a succession of multiple single waves.

It is important that the cycle time between the UP position and DOWN position of the hollow vessel, the speed of the movement between the UP position and DOWN position and the time that the hollow vessel is stationary in the UP position and stationary in the DOWN position can be adjusted to have different timing and speed of movement.

As previously mentioned, there are 2 basic positions of the hollow vessel, 1) the UP position and 2) the DOWN position but it is advantageous to be able to adjust the speed of the movement between the 2 positions, and the time that the hollow vessel is in a stationary position in 1) the UP position and the time the hollow vessel is stationary in 2) the DOWN position. Furthermore, it is advantageous to be able to adjust the 1) UP position to different heights above the water and to be able to adjust the 2) DOWN position to different depths down in the water that will be explained later.

For purposes of (1) adjusting cycle timing, (2) controlling the speed of movement of the hollow vessel, (3) setting dwell times in stationary positions, and (4) establishing target UP and DOWN positions, the apparatus may employ control elements selected from mechanical linkages, hydraulic flow controls (e.g., orifice plates, proportional or servo valves), electrical switches, or electronic controllers. Such control elements actuate the electrically driven hydraulic pumps and valves to regulate extension and retraction of the hydraulic piston cylinders and thereby govern the UP/DOWN motion of the hollow vessel. Any suitable arrangement that allows an operator to set target depths/heights, speeds, and dwell times may be used.

In some embodiments, a controller (e.g., PLC, industrial motion controller, or equivalent device) issues commands to hydraulic valves and monitors position and/or pressure sensors associated with one or more wave generator modules. The controller can (i) set the immersion depth of a given hollow vessel, (ii) set lift and re-entry speeds, (iii) set dwell times in the UP and DOWN positions, and (iv) set a cycle time between successive waves. Multiple modules may be operated in sequence or in unison to modify the aggregate discharge and resulting wave shape. The controller may store operator-defined parameter sets for repeatability. Equivalent functionality can be achieved with manual or mechanical control hardware without electronic control.

In some embodiments, the hydraulic and motion parameters of the wave generator can be configured and monitored via a computer software application. The software provides a graphical user interface (GUI) through which operators can define wave cycles, select timing parameters, and store custom “wave menus” for repeatable operation. The wave menus can include presets for swell size, spacing, and duration, enabling consistent recreation of surfable conditions. The interface may run on a personal computer, tablet, or mobile device, and can communicate with the control system via wired or wireless links.

In additional embodiments, artificial intelligence (AI)-based recognition systems may be incorporated to enhance operational safety and user experience. For example, a face-recognition camera system can detect the presence and identity of a person in or near the surf zone. The face recognition cameras may lock on to the person that is in position to catch the next wave that is about to be generated and the control software may then adapt wave timing, wave height and wave shape to match a pre-selected wave type from the “wave menu” that may be chosen by the person ahead of time or pause operation to ensure that generated waves match the intended training program. In addition, the AI based recognition system may avoid generating waves when persons are detected in an area of the pool that is considered to be dangerous or if unauthorized persons are detected in the pool. This AI integration enables both personalized session management and improved safety monitoring.

In additional embodiments, the persons in the pool may use a smart watch with an App that communicates with the AI based recognition system, to change the “wave menu” per their individual preference without having to leave the pool.

FIG. 8 illustrates another example wave generator 800 in the UP position 802 with an upper wall 804 added to the partially enclosed basin, the upper wall 804 defining an opening below the wall that communicates with the larger pool area 806. In some embodiments, the upper wall spans the open side of the basin and is vertically spaced above the basin floor to leave a lower-edge aperture. This arrangement may increase momentary containment of the rebounding water column during the UP position while directing the outward flow through the lower opening. The result may be a more collimated discharge into the larger pool that can be tuned to influence wave face shape, onset location, and crest steepness.

The upper wall and lower-edge aperture arrangement can provide additional functional advantages. For example, when the hollow vessel is lifted to the UP position, the upper wall momentarily contains the rebounding water column within the partially enclosed basin, while the lower-edge aperture directs the outward surge into the larger pool. This geometry can collimate the discharge of water, thereby influencing the face shape, onset location, and crest steepness of the resulting wave. In some embodiments, the vertical spacing of the upper wall above the basin floor is selected relative to the vessel displacement volume and the target wave characteristics, so that the discharge through the lower-edge aperture produces a repeatable surfable wave. By modifying the height or extent of the upper wall, operators may tune the outward flow to produce waves of different steepness or breaking characteristics, thereby enhancing versatility of the system.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the apparatus (wave generator 800) in the UP position showing four rows of double rubber seals 902 disposed along the basin's inner sidewalls 904. Each row includes a pair of elastomeric sealing elements configured to interfere with the exterior surfaces 906 of the hollow vessel 908 when the vessel travels within the basin envelope 910. During Phase 1 (vessel DOWN), Phase 2 (rapid lift), and Phase 3 (rapid re-entry), the multi-row arrangement impedes upward bypass flow along the vessel perimeter, stabilizing the rising water column and improving energy transfer to the outward pulse that forms the wave.

FIG. 10 presents an isometric view of the apparatus 800 in the DOWN position showing the double rubber seals 902 on all four sides of the basin. In some embodiments, the seals 902 extend continuously along wall segments aligned with the vessel's travel path so that the vessel remains laterally isolated from the basin walls while still achieving compressive contact with the seal faces. This continuous perimeter sealing enables repeatable displacement volumes and consistent boundary conditions across successive cycles.

FIG. 11 depicts a detail view of a double rubber seal 902. Each double seal may comprise first and second resilient lips oriented to contact complementary surfaces of the vessel sidewall, with one lip biased to engage primarily during upward travel and the other biased to engage during downward travel. The lips can be formed from abrasion-resistant elastomers (e.g., polyurethane, EPDM, or nitrile rubber) selected for water compatibility, low compression set, and durability under cyclic loading.

FIG. 12 illustrates a seal mounting assembly 1200 in which three stainless-steel side plates 1202 and a stainless-steel base 1204 plate secure the double rubber seal 1206 to the basin wall. The plates clamp the elastomeric body along a reinforced root portion and provide a rigid datum for alignment relative to the vessel's guide path. In some embodiments, corrosion-resistant fasteners (e.g., A4/316 stainless, or other appropriate materials) secure the plates to embedded anchors in the basin structure, and shims or slotted holes allow fine adjustment of seal preload against the vessel.

FIG. 13 provides a side cut-away view of the seal assembly of wave generator 800, illustrating the interface geometry where the double rubber seals engage the exterior surface of the hollow vessel. In this orientation, the figure highlights the vertical alignment of the paired seal lips along the basin wall and their contact profile against the vessel sidewall. The cut-away depiction makes visible the internal compression zone between the seal body and the vessel, showing how opposing lips are biased to engage during upward and downward travel, respectively. This arrangement allows water to be constrained within the basin envelope while minimizing leakage past the vessel perimeter, and the side perspective further clarifies the manner in which the seal preload and wall mounting combine to maintain interference across repeated cycles of vessel motion.

FIG. 14 illustrates the seal-to-vessel interference 1400 during operation, emphasizing how the multi-row double-seal layout blocks upward surge along the vessel perimeter during Phases 1-3. By suppressing perimeter bypass flow, more of the displaced water participates in the intended inward rebound and outward pulse, which improves the efficiency of wave formation. In some embodiments, seal spacing, durometer, and preload are selected so that the seals maintain contact across expected vessel tolerances, thermal expansion, and hydrostatic variations while avoiding excessive drag that would impede rapid UP/DOWN motion.

FIG. 15 is an illustration of the water movement during Phase 2 1500, with the illustration showing the water rushing in to fill the void left by the hollow vessel that was previously submerged in the water during Phase 1. FIG. 16 is an illustration of the hollow vessel of the wave generating apparatus lifted completely out of the water and in the UP position 1600 showing water flowing into the partially enclosed pool basin area and the water rebounding off the vertical walls of the partially enclosed pool basin area as described in Phase 2.

FIG. 17 is an illustration of multiple hollow vessels of the wave generating apparatus, lifted out of the water and in the UP position 1700 as described in Phase 2. FIG. 18 is an illustration of Phase 3 1800, showing a singular hollow vessel being quickly pushed downward into the partially enclosed pool basin areas causing a wave to be generated, and showing the waves traveling into the larger pool area. FIG. 19 is another illustration of Phase 3 1900, showing a singular hollow vessel being quickly pushed downward into the partially enclosed pool basin areas causing a wave to be generated, and showing the waves traveling into the larger pool area. FIG. 20 is an illustration of Phase 3, showing multiple hollow vessels 2000 being quickly pushed downward into the partially enclosed pool basin areas causing waves to be generated, and showing the waves traveling in unison into the larger pool area. FIG. 21 is a close-up view of the Hydraulic Piston Cylinders extended and the mechanical arms in the UP position 2100. FIG. 22 is a close-up view of the Hydraulic Piston Cylinders retracted and the mechanical arms in the DOWN position 2200.

FIG. 23 is an isometric top view of the hydraulic piston cylinders 2310, the mechanical arms 2302, and the guide wheels 2304 and the hollow vessel 2306 in the UP position. Starting from an initial position of the hollow vessel 2306 being submerged down in the pool of water 2308 then raising the hollow vessel 2306 out of the water 2308 creates the first initial movement of water as the water flows into the partially enclosed pool basin area of the wave pool where the hollow vessel was initially displacing the water. The hollow vessel is raised above the water during this first initial phase for the purpose of allowing the water to move inward into the partially enclosed pool basin area from the larger pool basin.

The second movement of water will be in an outward direction through the one open side of the partially enclosed pool basin area of the wave pool into the larger pool basin where the wave riding activity is practiced. This second movement of water is caused by the rebounding effect of the first initial water movement of water inward into the partially enclosed pool basin area and then the water rebounding off the three (3) vertical walls and bottom of the partially enclosed pool basin area. During this second phase of outward movement of the water, the hollow vessel is lowered down into the water with great force for the purpose of displacing the water inside the partially enclosed pool basin area a second time. This second displacement of the water in the partially enclosed pool basin area is an important feature of the invention because it pushes the water out of the partially enclosed pool basin area with greater force and greatly augments the energy of the water movement that has already started to move in an outward direction through the one open side of the partially enclosed pool basin area into the larger pool basin area. This double displacement action of the water in the pool, which causes the water to move inward during the first initial phase of water movement and outward during the second phase of water movement and the double displacement of the water forms a single wave that moves into the larger pool basin area which has the advantage of creating a larger wave. At this point the wave that is formed has a trough and crest that is similar to waves found in the ocean which is now explained further.

During the initial inward movement of water, that is caused by the removal of the hollow vessel from the partially enclosed pool basin area, the water flows from the larger pool basin into the partially enclosed pool basin area where the hollow vessel was previously displacing the water. This initial movement of water will lower the water level in the larger pool basin area immediately adjacent to where the hollow vessel was removed from the partially enclosed pool basin area and this action will start an oscillating movement of a lowering of water level below the mean still water level and this oscillation will travel across the entire area of the larger pool in front of the wave crest of the wave that is formed during the second phase of outward movement of water from the partially enclosed pool basin area into the larger pool basin area. This oscillating movement of wave crest and wave trough traveling through the water is very similar to an ocean wave which is desirable for the riding of waves on a surfboard or other apparatus. The cycle of movements of the hollow vessel from the DOWN position to the UP position through these described phases of initial displacement, then non-displacement, then second displacement of the water creates a strong wave forming action. By repeating the cycle of movements of the hollow vessel from the DOWN position to the UP position, a succession of multiple waves, each wave comprised of a wave trough and a wave crest, will be formed by the wave generating apparatus. This succession of multiple waves comprised of a wave trough and a wave crest traveling through the water in the larger pool basin that has a bathymetry (bottom contours) of different depths that cause the waves that are being generated, to break in a form that is desirable for surfing and for other wave riding activities enjoyed by individuals.

For the purpose of further explanation, the various aspects of this wave forming apparatus can be described as having a cycle of three (3) phases, Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3. Phase 3 being the third phase of the cycle that returns the wave forming apparatus to the initial first phase. A definition of each phase of the cycle of movements will help to instruct the teachings of this wave forming apparatus.

Definition of Phase 1; the hollow vessel is in a stationary DOWN position submerged in the water. The hydraulically operated piston cylinders that are attached to stationary pillars 2312 and the movable mechanical arms, that are attached to the hollow vessel, are holding the hollow vessel in a stationary position DOWN in the water. The hollow vessel is displacing a volume of water that is equal to the size of the hollow vessel. There is a direct relation to the volume of water displaced to the size of the wave that will be created. The size of the wave being generated can be adjusted by how deep the hollow vessel is placed down into the water during Phase 1 and Phase 3. The starting position of the container in Phase 1 can be adjusted to any depth desired, e.g., the hollow vessel can be placed in a fully submerged position, a half-way submerged position or a one-third submerged position or any other submerged position desired and the size of the wave being generated will be determined in relation to how much water is displaced by the hollow vessel when it is in displacement Phase 1 and also how much water is displaced during displacement Phase 3 which will be explained further, in the definition of Phase 3. Since the hollow vessel is filled with air it will be buoyant, all of the components of the wave generating apparatus, the hydraulic piston cylinders and mechanical arms and stationary pillars 2312 will need to be of sufficient strength to be able to hold the hollow vessel submerged down in the water during Phase 1 and will also need to be of sufficient strength to lift the hollow vessel completely out of the water for many thousands of cycles.

Definition of Phase 2; the hollow vessel is lifted quickly out of the water by the hydraulic piston cylinders and mechanical arms to a desired height above the surface of the water in the pool basin. The water that was being displaced by the hollow vessel will then move inwards into the partially enclosed pool basin area where the water was previously being displaced by the hollow vessel during Phase 1. Phase 2 causes the initial movement of water that will start the wave forming action. Phase 2 can be considered to end at the moment the water movement stops moving inwards into the partially enclosed pool area. Phase 3 starts when the water starts to move outwards into the larger pool area.

Definition of Phase 3; at the moment the water starts to move outwards from the smaller, partially enclosed pool basin into the larger pool basin, the hollow vessel is lowered quickly down into the water with great force by the hydraulic piston cylinders connected to mechanical arms in order to displace the water a second time in the smaller, partially enclosed pool area for the purpose of forcing the water to move outward into the larger pool basin area with a greater force. By using this double displacement action of the water e.g., Phase 1, initial displacement and Stage 3, second displacement, this will strengthen the outward movement of the water into the larger pool basin area and create a larger wave than if the water was only displaced one time as described in Phase 1. The second displacement of the water during Stage 3 caused by rapidly lowering the hollow vessel down into the water again with great force will create a larger singular wave than if the water was only displaced one time as described in Phase 1. The depth that the hollow vessel is lowered into the water will determine the size of the wave. In other words, the amount of water displaced is determined by the depth that the container is lowered into the water during Phase 1 and Phase 3 and the height of the wave generated is further affected by the speed and force that the hollow vessel is lowered into the partially enclosed pool area during Phase 3. All of these factors will determine the size of the subsequent wave of water that moves into the larger pool basin area. The end of Phase 3 can be considered to end at the moment when the hollow vessel stops its downward movement into the partially enclosed pool area and is in a stationary position. This stationary position is the end of the cycle of movements between Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3. The stationary position of the hollow vessel in the DOWN position in the water at the end of Phase 3 is the same as the beginning of Phase 1, thus one cycle of generating one wave is completed and the apparatus is ready to generate another wave.

Repeating this cycle of movements as described in Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 will generate a succession of singular waves in the wave pool. It is important that the timing between subsequent cycles and the timing of all the movements as described in Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 can be adjusted and controlled to make the optimum wave, with the optimum distance between wave crests and the desired size of the wave. It is important that the size of the wave is adjustable and that the distance between wave crests is adjustable. The methods of which, have already been described in this treatise of the current embodiment of the invention of a wave generating apparatus.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example 12-inch guide wheel 2402 configured to maintain alignment of the hollow vessel as it travels within the basin. In some embodiments, the wheel 2402 includes a forged-steel hub with sealed radial bearings supporting a resilient rolling surface (e.g., polyurethane or hard-rubber tread) to limit noise and wear during repeated cycles. The 12-inch diameter provides an increased contact path that reduces rolling resistance and local contact stresses, thereby lowering drive loads and extending service life when subjected to high-frequency UP/DOWN motion and splash-zone exposure. FIG. 24 also further illustrates an example double rubber seal 2404.

FIG. 25 is a diagrammatic view illustrating double rubber seals 2404 are disposed on all four sides of the partially enclosed basin and shows their spatial relationship to the guide-wheel paths. In some embodiments, the guide wheels are positioned so that, during operation, the vessel remains centered within the seal envelope while avoiding contact with basin walls. Coordinating seal placement with wheel track geometry preserves the intended interference contact between the seals and the vessel sidewall while preventing lateral racking that could degrade sealing performance. FIG. 25 further illustrates the example 12 inch guide wheel 2402. It will be appreciated that other size guide wheels may be used in other example embodiments, as may be appropriate for a given size wave generator.

FIG. 26 is a perspective cut-away view of a representative wave generator 800 showing the hollow vessel supported within a partially enclosed basin by hydraulic piston assemblies and associated arm linkages. In this configuration, the upper portion of the basin wall has been sectioned away to expose the sealing structures disposed along the basin perimeter. As illustrated, four rows of double rubber seals are mounted on each of the inner sidewalls of the basin. The multi-row arrangement provides a continuous interference fit against the vessel surfaces, thereby constraining upward surge flow and maintaining consistent displacement volumes during operation. The sectional vantage point of FIG. 26 further highlights the vertical travel envelope of the vessel relative to the stationary basin walls and the clearance maintained by the mechanical arms as they extend and retract to raise and lower the vessel. This depiction clarifies how the sealing system operates in conjunction with the mechanical support framework to stabilize the vessel, reduce leakage paths, and enable repeatable generation of outward swells from the partially enclosed basin into the larger pool.

FIG. 27 is a side sectional view of wave generator 800 positioned within a partially enclosed basin adjacent to the larger pool body. In this configuration, the hollow vessel is shown partially submerged within the basin, with hydraulic piston assemblies extending upward to support vertical motion of the vessel. The surrounding basin structure is depicted with three solid walls and a floor that form the containment envelope, while the open side of the basin communicates with the larger pool. From this vantage, the figure demonstrates how the vessel is vertically guided within the basin envelope and how the rows of double rubber seals are arranged along the basin walls to constrain bypass flow during upward and downward vessel travel. The cross-sectional orientation also highlights the relationship between the vessel displacement volume and the water depth in the larger pool, illustrating how the generated swells transition from the enclosed basin into the adjacent open-water environment. This view provides clarity on the geometric interaction between the vessel, sealing structures, and pool bathymetry, showing how precise vertical actuation of the vessel results in repeatable swell formation.

FIG. 28 illustrates multiple perspectives of a wheel-guide assembly 2800 used to stabilize and align the hollow vessel during vertical travel within the partially enclosed basin. Left (cut-away): a stacked array of guide wheels is shown along the assembly length, each mounted on a hub and axle with bearing stacks and support brackets visible; the wheel spacing provides continuous guidance over the vessel's stroke. Center (front plate removed): wheel housings, fastener connections, bearing supports, and mounting plates are exposed; the plates may employ slotted holes or shim packs to precisely align the wheel path relative to the basin wall and facilitate inspection or replacement. Right (complete assembly): the front plate encloses the wheel stack, shielding bearings and axles from splash and debris while increasing structural stiffness for long-term operation in aquatic environments. In some embodiments, the guide assembly is embedded in a recess of the basin wall so the vessel travels without wheels on its exterior; in earlier variants lacking elastomeric seals, the guide may instead be mounted to the vessel frame. Corrosion-resistant materials (e.g., 304/316 stainless plates and fasteners) and sacrificial hub coatings may be used to maintain durability and low-friction operation through repeated cycles.

In some embodiments, the guide wheel assembly is positioned in a recess formed within the vertical basin wall. In this configuration, the hollow vessel has a smooth exterior free of externally mounted wheels, while the recessed assembly provides continuous guidance during vertical motion. Locating the wheel assembly in the basin wall may simplify vessel fabrication, preserve uninterrupted exterior sealing surfaces for elastomeric seals, and reduce maintenance by protecting the wheels and bearings from direct exposure to rider contact.

FIG. 29 is a perspective cutaway view of a wave generator module 2900. The hollow vessel is shown in the UP position and is supported by hydraulic piston cylinders and articulated arms that are mounted to stationary pillars. The partially enclosed basin is visible below the vessel, and the open side of the basin communicates with the larger pool at the right. A recessed wheel guide assembly is embedded within the vertical basin wall so the vessel travels without wheels on its exterior. The assembly includes a stacked array of guide wheels on hubs with sealed bearings that run on mounting plates inside a wall pocket. A flush cover plate closes the recess to shield the wheels and to maintain a smooth wall face. This configuration provides continuous vertical guidance while preserving smooth exterior vessel walls for sealing against elastomeric seals disposed along the basin walls.

FIG. 30 shows three views of the recessed wheel guide assembly 3000. The left view is a sectional detail near the top of the wall that depicts paired guide wheels positioned inside a wall recess adjacent to the smooth exterior of the hollow vessel. The center view is a front elevation that shows a vertical stack of guide wheels extending along the vessel's stroke and mounted on hubs with sealed bearings to an internal back plate. The right view is a perspective that illustrates the stack within the recess with the cover removed to expose the wheels and mounting hardware. The recess allows the vessel to travel without exterior wheels and preserves a smooth wall face for sealing. The arrangement maintains lateral alignment during vertical motion and shields the wheels from splash and rider contact. A removable cover plate closes the recess to present a substantially flush interior wall when installed.

FIG. 31 is a top plan view of a wave pool 3100 with deep water generators of the present invention located at one end of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across a wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 32 is a top plan view of the wave pool 3200 with the deep water wave generators of the present invention located at two ends of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession, traveling across a wave pool away from the wave generator with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 33 is a top plan view of the wave pool 3300 with the deep water generators of the present invention located at two ends of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across a wave pool back towards the wave generator, e.g., reflected back from an end of the pool generally opposite the wave generator, with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 34 is a top plan view showing multiple wave-generator modules installed along the opposing side walls of the pool 3400. Each partially enclosed basin opens toward the pool interior so that wave trains propagate inward from both sides. Operators can fire the two banks in phase to create peaks that meet along a centerline over a gently shoaling ridge indicated by the bathymetric contour lines. Operators can also offset timing to send long right- or left-hand runners that travel diagonally across the pool. The side placement creates long ride corridors parallel to the pool length and leaves clear service galleries behind the walls for maintenance. The contours illustrate a deeper return channel near the perimeter that promotes recirculation and rider separation. This arrangement scales by adding modules along either wall and it allows the pool to be divided into independent lanes by phasing groups of modules and by selecting different wave menus for each lane.

FIG. 35 is a top plan view of the wave pool 3500 showing a central island that carries a linear array of wave-generator modules. Each partially enclosed basin opens outward so that waves radiate away from the island toward all sides of the pool. The surrounding bathymetric contours form a ring of shoaling reefs that convert the outward swells into surfable faces around the island. Firing adjacent modules in sequence can create a rotating set that sweeps clockwise or counterclockwise around the island. Simultaneous firing can create multiple peaks that break uniformly in all directions. A deeper moat encircling the island provides drawdown volume, supports return flow, and separates riders from moving equipment. The island layout increases capacity because queues can form along the outer perimeter while waves form around the center. Service access occurs on the island, which reduces interruptions to rider areas. Sector control allows different regions around the island to run different wave menus for mixed ability levels or events.

The geometric shape and size of the hollow vessel is recommended to be slightly less than the space within the partially enclosed basin area of the pool of water. For example, if the partially enclosed basin area of the pool is comprised of three (3) vertical walls and a floor or bottom that are at a right angle to each of the vertical walls then a hollow vessel that is cuboid in shape and slightly smaller than the partially enclosed basin area of the pool is recommended. If the partially enclosed area of the pool basin has a rounded shape, then a hollow vessel with a similar but slightly smaller rounded shape is recommended.

It is recommended that guide wheels are used to prevent the hollow vessel from touching the sides of the partially enclosed pool basin. Caster wheels that are made of polyurethane or hard rubber on a forged steel hub with a sealed bearing are the recommended type to be used as guide wheels. The guide wheels should be located on the outside of the hollow vessel wherever needed to prevent the hollow vessel from touching the sides of the partially enclosed pool basin.

Alternatively, the guide wheels can be mounted on the interior walls of the partially enclosed basin itself, at positions selected to maintain spacing between the hollow vessel and the basin. This alternative configuration provides flexibility in accommodating sealing arrangements and may be advantageous when elastomeric seals are used along the vessel perimeter.

The hollow vessel can also be filled with a lightweight material such as polyurethane foam instead of air, but generally air at ambient pressure is recommended, but the hollow vessel could also be filled with pressurized air.

The structure of the partly enclosed pool basin area and the method of raising then lowering the hollow vessel into this smaller, partly enclosed pool basin area displaces the water in the partly enclosed pool basin area and since there is only one side of the partially enclosed pool basin is open to the larger pool basin, the movement of the water between the smaller, partly enclosed pool basin and the larger pool basin is restricted to enter and exit only through the one open side of the partially enclosed pool basin area of the wave pool.

FIG. 34 is a top plan view of a wave pool with the deep water generators of the present invention located at the sides of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across a wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by bathymetric contour lines.

FIG. 35 is a top plan view of a wave pool with the deep water generators of the present invention located in the center of a wave pool, and showing waves in succession traveling across the wave pool with the bathymetry of the wave pool shown by topographic contour lines.

Definitions

UP position. As used herein, “UP position” means a position of the hollow vessel in which at least a lower portion of the vessel is above the instantaneous still-water level in the basin such that the vessel no longer displaces the same volume of basin water as in the DOWN position.

DOWN position. “DOWN position” means a position of the hollow vessel in which the vessel is submerged to a predetermined depth in the basin and displaces basin water.

Cycle. “Cycle” means the sequence of motions comprising: the vessel in the DOWN position; lifting to the UP position; and returning toward the DOWN position. One cycle may generate one wave.

Phase 1/Phase 2/Phase 3. “Phase 1” refers to holding the vessel in the DOWN position (initial displacement). “Phase 2” refers to lifting toward/into the UP position (removal of displacement and inward flow). “Phase 3” refers to driving the vessel downward toward the DOWN position (second displacement and outward pulse). These phase names are descriptive and non-limiting.

Partially enclosed basin. “Partially enclosed basin” means a water-containing structure having three side walls and a floor (or equivalent boundaries) and an open side that hydraulically communicates with a larger pool.

Open side. “Open side” means an aperture or side of the basin that is not bounded by a wall from floor to waterline, allowing water exchange with the larger pool. In some embodiments the open side includes a lower-edge aperture beneath an upper wall.

Hollow vessel. “Hollow vessel” means a buoyant or ballast-adjustable body sized to travel vertically within the basin envelope, including but not limited to a cuboid shell, a modified shipping container, or other prismatic or rounded form, with optional internal framing, air, pressurized air, or lightweight fill.

Upper wall/lower-edge aperture. “Upper wall” means a structure spanning at least part of the open side at an elevation above the basin floor; “lower-edge aperture” means the opening below that wall through which water exits/enters the basin.

Elastomeric seal/double seal. “Elastomeric seal” means a resilient sealing element mounted to a basin wall and configured to contact the vessel during travel. A “double seal” includes two lips or elements arranged to engage during opposite travel directions.

Guide wheel. “Guide wheel” means a rolling element (e.g., polyurethane or hard-rubber tread on a hub with bearings) coupled to the vessel and arranged to engage guides or surfaces to maintain vessel alignment within the basin.

Wave period (T) and wavelength (λ). “Wave period (T)” means the time between successive wave crests at a fixed location in the pool. “Wavelength (λ)” means the distance between successive crests for the generated swell under pool conditions.

Crest-to-trough face height. “Crest-to-trough face height” means the vertical distance between the local crest and adjacent trough on the unbroken, rideable face as experienced in the pool.

Rideable face length. “Rideable face length” means the contiguous horizontal extent of the unbroken wave face suitable for board travel along the wave.

Normal pool operating conditions. “Normal pool operating conditions” means typical water level, pump and filtration operation, and pool occupancy for which the system is configured, absent unusual transients (e.g., emergency stops, maintenance modes).

Hydraulic piston cylinder. “Hydraulic piston cylinder” includes any linear hydraulic actuator capable of extending/retracting under fluid pressure.

Coupled/operatively coupled. “Coupled” or “operatively coupled” means directly or indirectly connected in a manner that permits the intended operation, and may include intermediate components.

Configured to. “Configured to” describes structure arranged or adaptable (e.g., via control parameters) to perform a stated function; it is not limited to a particular firmware or software implementation unless specified.

About/approximately. “About” or “approximately” means within +10% of a stated value unless otherwise specified.

Substantially. “Substantially” means to a degree that achieves the intended technical effect despite permissible variation (e.g., “substantially vertical,” “substantially sealed”).

Rapidly.

“As used herein, ‘rapidly’ (with respect to raising or lowering the hollow vessel) means completing the motion between the DOWN and UP positions in ≤10% of the target wave period or in ≤0.75 s, whichever is greater. In some embodiments, the average vertical speed is 0.5-3.0 m/s on lift and 0.5-4.0 m/s on re-entry, with peak vertical acceleration ≥1 m/s². Unless stated otherwise, ‘rapidly’ encompasses any of these criteria.”

Deep-Water (Pool Context).

“As used herein, ‘deep-water’ refers to conditions where the local still-water depth h satisfies h≥0.5·λ, where λ is the wavelength of the generated swell (i.e., kh≥π). In design practice for the disclosed system, deep-water depth may equivalently be specified relative to a design wavelength λ*, e.g., h≥0.5·λ*.”

Surfable Wave.

“As used herein, a ‘surfable wave’ is a wave that, under normal pool operating conditions, presents a rideable, unbroken face of at least 0.5 m (crest-to-trough face height) over a continuous face length of at least 5 m, with a period between 3 s and 12 s. In some embodiments a surfable wave additionally affords a ride duration ≥3 s for a typical rider on standard surf equipment.”

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).

As used herein, “PLC” means a programmable electronic controller used to issue valve commands and monitor sensors in industrial hydraulic systems.

Graphical User Interface (GUI).

As used herein, A “GUI” means a visual interface through which an operator defines wave menus, dwell times, speeds, and vessel positions.

Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment and different features described in connection with various embodiments may be combined in other embodiments not expressly shown.

The figures and the following description describe certain embodiments by way of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles described herein. Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is noted that wherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used in the figures to indicate similar or like functionality.

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the present invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims of this application. As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Likewise, the particular naming and division of the modules, routines, features, attributes, methodologies and other aspects are not mandatory or significant, and the mechanisms that implement the present invention or its features may have different names, divisions and/or formats.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”