WORK MACHINE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING WORK MACHINE

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a calibration mode of a work machine.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, various types of calibration work have been performed in a work machine in consideration of individual difference. Various schemes to calibrate an operation of a hydraulic actuator of a work implement that operates in accordance with an operation electric signal from an operation apparatus in a hydraulic excavator, which is a work machine, have been proposed (refer to PTLs 1 to 4).

Regarding the calibration work, a scheme to start or interrupt a calibration process by operating a start button or a clear button provided on a display screen of a work machine has also been proposed (refer to PTL 5).

CITATION LIST

Patent Literature

PTL 1: WO 2018/087830

PTL 2: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2000-027812

PTL 3: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2007-278490

PTL 4: Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2018-189104

PTL 5: WO 2015/137524

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Technical Problem

When a calibration mode is started by operating a display screen of a work machine having a steering system at the time of a calibration process for the work machine, a steering spool operates automatically, and thus, steering operates automatically.

In a work machine such as an articulated wheel loader, when steering operates automatically, the work machine may interfere with a surrounding object depending on the situation.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a work machine and a method for controlling a work machine that enable execution of a calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

Solution to Problem

A work machine according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes: a hydraulic cylinder for steering; an operation apparatus that receives an input of an operation command from an operator to drive the hydraulic cylinder for steering; a control valve that controls an amount of driving of the hydraulic cylinder for steering; and a controller that outputs a command current that causes the control valve to operate in response to the operation command of the operation apparatus. The controller has a calibration mode of outputting the command current and performing calibration of the command current. In the calibration mode, the controller starts the calibration based on at least one condition that the operation command is sensed, and stops outputting the command current based on at least one condition that the operation command is not sensed.

A method for controlling a work machine according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes: receiving an input of an operation command of an operation apparatus from an operator to drive a hydraulic cylinder for steering; outputting a command current that causes a control valve to operate in response to the operation command, the control valve being a valve that controls an amount of driving of the hydraulic cylinder for steering; and outputting the command current and performing calibration of the command current. The performing calibration includes: starting the calibration based on at least one condition that the operation command is sensed; and stopping outputting the command current based on at least one condition that the operation command is not sensed.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The work machine and the method for controlling the work machine according to the present disclosure enable execution of a calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an external view of a wheel loader 1 based on a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a configuration of wheel loader 1 based on the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a steering system of wheel loader 1 based on the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a process in a calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an increase in a command current according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 1) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a process of calibrating the command current in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 2) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating setting of a command current with respect to a lever position of a steering operation member 82a according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a setting table for setting a target current with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process in a calibration mode of a steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 1) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 2) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a state of wheel loader 1 in a calibration mode according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a process in the calibration mode of a steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the third embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same components have the same reference characters allotted, and their labels and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

First Embodiment

Overall Configuration of Work Machine

FIG. 1 is an external view of a wheel loader 1 based on a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a configuration of wheel loader 1 based on the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, wheel loader 1 including a work implement 3 activated by hydraulic pressure is described as an example of a work machine to which the idea of the present disclosure is applicable.

In the following description, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left” and “right” refer to directions with respect to an operator sitting on an operator's seat.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, wheel loader 1 is self-propelled as wheels 4a and 4b are rotationally driven, and can perform desired work using work implement 3.

Wheel loader 1 includes a vehicular body frame 2, work implement 3, wheels 4a and 4b, and an operator's cab 5.

Vehicular body frame 2 has a front vehicular body portion 2a and a rear vehicular body portion 2b. Front vehicular body portion 2a and rear vehicular body portion 2b are coupled to each other so as to be swingable in a rightward/leftward direction.

A pair of steering cylinders 11a and 11b are provided to extend from front vehicular body portion 2a to rear vehicular body portion 2b. Each of steering cylinders 11a and 11b is a hydraulic cylinder driven by hydraulic oil from a steering pump 12 (see FIG. 2). Front vehicular body portion 2a swings with respect to rear vehicular body portion 2b by extension and contraction of steering cylinders 11a and 11b. As a result, a traveling direction of a vehicle is changed.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show only one of steering cylinders 11a and 11b, and do not show the other of steering cylinders 11a and 11b.

Work implement 3 and a pair of front wheels 4a are attached to front vehicular body portion 2a. Work implement 3 is driven by hydraulic oil from a work implement pump 13 (see FIG. 2). Work implement 3 has a boom 6, a pair of lift cylinders 14a and 14b, a bucket 7, a bell crank 9, and a bucket cylinder 15.

Boom 6 is rotatably supported on front vehicular body portion 2a. One end of each of lift cylinders 14a and 14b is attached to front vehicular body portion 2a. The other end of each of lift cylinders 14a and 14b is attached to boom 6. Boom 6 swings upward and downward by extension and contraction of lift cylinders 14a and 14b with the hydraulic oil from work implement pump 13.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show only one of lift cylinders 14a and 14b, and do not show the other of lift cylinders 14a and 14b.

Bucket 7 is rotatably supported on a tip end of boom 6. One end of bucket cylinder 15 is attached to front vehicular body portion 2a. The other end of bucket cylinder 15 is attached to bucket 7 with bell crank 9 interposed therebetween. Bucket 7 swings upward and downward by extension and contraction of bucket cylinder 15 with the hydraulic oil from work implement pump 13.

Operator's cab 5 and a pair of rear wheels 4b are attached to rear vehicular body portion 2b. Operator's cab 5 is placed on an upper part of vehicular body frame 2, and includes a seat on which an operator sits, an operation unit 8 described below, and the like.

Vehicular body frame 2 includes a fixation mechanism 19 to which a frame lock bar 18 can be attached. Frame lock bar 18 is configured to be capable of locking an articulated structure by mutually fixing front vehicular body portion 2a and rear vehicular body portion 2b to prevent swinging. Fixation mechanism 19 is configured to be capable of positioning frame lock bar 18 at a prescribed pivot position in a cantilever state. A calibration mode described below is applicable regardless of the presence or absence of frame lock bar 18.

As shown in FIG. 2, wheel loader 1 includes an engine 21 serving as a driving source, a traveling apparatus 22, work implement pump 13, steering pump 12, operation unit 8, a control unit 10 and the like.

Engine 21 is a diesel engine and an output of engine 21 is controlled by adjusting an amount of fuel to be injected into a cylinder. This adjustment is made by controlling an electronic governor 25 attached to a fuel injection pump 24 of engine 21 by control unit 10. An all-speed-control-type governor is generally used as governor 25 and governor 25 adjusts an engine rotation speed and an amount of fuel injection in accordance with a load such that the engine rotation speed becomes equal to a target rotation speed corresponding to an amount of accelerator operation described below. That is, governor 25 increases or decreases the amount of fuel injection to eliminate a difference between the target rotation speed and the actual engine rotation speed. The engine rotation speed is detected by an engine rotation speed sensor 91. A detection signal from engine rotation speed sensor 91 is input to control unit 10.

Traveling apparatus 22 is an apparatus that causes the vehicle to travel using the driving force from engine 21. Traveling apparatus 22 has a torque converter apparatus 23, a transmission 26, above-described front wheels 4a and rear wheels 4b, and the like.

Torque converter apparatus 23 has a lock-up clutch 27 and a torque converter 28. Lock-up clutch 27 can be switched between an engaged state and a disengaged state. When lock-up clutch 27 is in the disengaged state, torque converter 28 transmits the driving force from engine 21 using oil as a medium. When lock-up clutch 27 is in the engaged state, an input side and an output side of torque converter 28 are directly connected. Lock-up clutch 27 is a hydraulically-operated clutch and switching between the engaged state and the disengaged state is performed by controlling supply of the hydraulic oil to lock-up clutch 27 by control unit 10 through a clutch control valve 31.

Transmission 26 has a forward clutch CF corresponding to a forward traveling gear, and a reverse clutch CR corresponding to a rearward traveling gear. When each of clutches CF and CR is switched between an engaged state and a disengaged state, the vehicle is switched between forward traveling and rearward traveling. When clutches CF and CR are both in the disengaged state, the vehicle is in a neutral state. Transmission 26 also has a plurality of gear shifting clutches C1 to C4 corresponding to a plurality of gears, and can switch a deceleration ratio to a plurality of stages.

An output shaft of transmission 26 is provided with a T/M output rotation speed sensor 92 that detects a rotation speed of the output shaft of transmission 26. A detection signal from T/M output rotation speed sensor 92 is input to control unit 10. Control unit 10 calculates a vehicle speed based on the detection signal from T/M output rotation speed sensor 92. Therefore, T/M output rotation speed sensor 92 functions as a vehicle speed detection unit that detects the vehicle speed. A sensor that detects a rotation speed of another portion, not the output shaft of transmission 26, may be used as a vehicle speed sensor. The driving force output from transmission 26 is transmitted to wheels 4a and 4b through a shaft 32 and the like. As a result, the vehicle travels. A rotation speed of an input shaft of transmission 26 is detected by a T/M input rotation speed sensor 93. A detection signal from T/M input rotation speed sensor 93 is input to control unit 10.

A part of the driving force from engine 21 is transmitted to work implement pump 13 and steering pump 12 through a PTO shaft 33. Each of work implement pump 13 and steering pump 12 is a hydraulic pump driven by the driving force from engine 21. The hydraulic oil discharged from work implement pump 13 is supplied to lift cylinders 14a and 14b and bucket cylinder 15 through a work implement control valve 34. In addition, the hydraulic oil discharged from steering pump 12 is supplied to steering cylinders 11a and 11b through a steering spool 35. In this way, work implement 3 is driven by a part of the driving force from engine 21.

A pressure of the hydraulic oil discharged from work implement pump 13 is detected by a first hydraulic pressure sensor 94. A pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to lift cylinders 14a and 14b is detected by a second hydraulic pressure sensor 95. Specifically, second hydraulic pressure sensor 95 detects a hydraulic pressure in a cylinder bottom chamber to which the hydraulic oil is supplied when lift cylinders 14a and 14b are extended. A pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to bucket cylinder 15 is detected by a third hydraulic pressure sensor 96. Specifically, third hydraulic pressure sensor 96 detects a hydraulic pressure in the cylinder bottom chamber to which the hydraulic oil is supplied when bucket cylinder 15 is extended. A pressure of the hydraulic oil discharged from steering pump 12 is detected by a fourth hydraulic pressure sensor 97. Detection signals from first to fourth hydraulic pressure sensors 94 to 97 are input to control unit 10.

Operation unit 8 is operated by the operator. Operation unit 8 has an accelerator operation member 81a, an accelerator operation detection device 81b, a steering operation member 82a, a steering operation detection device 82b, a boom operation member 83a, a boom operation detection device 83b, a bucket operation member 84a, a bucket operation detection device 84b, a gear-shifting operation member 85a, a gear-shifting operation detection device 85b, an FR operation member 86a, an FR operation detection device 86b and the like.

Accelerator operation member 81a is, for example, an accelerator pedal and is operated to set the target rotation speed of engine 21. Accelerator operation detection device 81b detects an amount of operation of accelerator operation member 81a. Accelerator operation detection device 81b outputs a detection signal to control unit 10.

Steering operation member 82a is, for example, a steering lever and is operated to control the traveling direction of the vehicle. Steering operation detection device 82b detects a position of steering operation member 82a and outputs a detection signal to control unit 10. Control unit 10 controls steering spool 35 based on the detection signal from steering operation detection device 82b. This causes extension and contraction of steering cylinders 11a and 11b, and the traveling direction of the vehicle is changed.

An articulation angle detection sensor 99 detects an articulation angle from a neutral position to the right and left when the traveling direction of the vehicle is changed, and outputs a detection signal to control unit 10. The neutral position is a position at which front vehicular body portion 2a and rear vehicular body portion 2b are aligned on a straight line.

Each of boom operation member 83a and bucket operation member 84a is, for example, a control lever and is operated to operate work implement 3. Specifically, boom operation member 83a is operated to operate boom 6. Bucket operation member 84a is operated to operate bucket 7. Boom operation detection device 83b detects a position of boom operation member 83a. Bucket operation detection device 84b detects a position of bucket operation member 84a. Boom operation detection device 83b and bucket operation detection device 84b output detection signals to control unit 10. Control unit 10 controls work implement control valve 34 based on the detection signals from boom operation detection device 83b and bucket operation detection device 84b. This causes extension and contraction of lift cylinders 14a and 14b and bucket cylinder 15, and boom 6 and bucket 7 operate. Work implement 3 is also provided with a boom angle detection device 98 that detects a boom angle. The boom angle refers to an angle formed by a line that connects a rotation support center of front vehicular body portion 2a and boom 6 and a rotation support center of boom 6 and bucket 7 and a line that connects shaft centers of front wheels 4a and rear wheels 4b. Boom angle detection device 98 outputs a detection signal to control unit 10. Control unit 10 calculates a height position of bucket 7 based on the boom angle detected by boom angle detection device 98. Therefore, boom angle detection device 98 functions as a height position detection unit that detects a height of bucket 7.

Gear-shifting operation member 85a is, for example, a shift lever. Gear-shifting operation detection device 85b detects a position of gear-shifting operation member 85a. Gear-shifting operation detection device 85b outputs a detection signal to control unit 10. Control unit 10 controls gear shifting of transmission 26 based on the detection signal from gear-shifting operation detection device 85b.

FR operation member 86a is operated to switch the vehicle between forward traveling and rearward traveling. FR operation member 86a can be switched to each of a forward traveling position, a neutral position and a rearward traveling position. FR operation detection device 86b detects a position of FR operation member 86a. FR operation detection device 86b outputs a detection signal to control unit 10. Control unit 10 controls clutch control valve 31 based on the detection signal from FR operation detection device 86b. This causes control of forward clutch CF and reverse clutch CR, and the vehicle is switched among forward traveling, rearward traveling and the neutral state.

Control unit 10 is generally implemented by reading various programs by a central processing unit (CPU).

Control unit 10 is connected to a memory 60. Memory 60 functions as a work memory, and various programs for performing the functions of the wheel loader are stored in memory 60.

Control unit 10 sends an engine command signal to governor 25 such that the target rotation speed corresponding to the amount of accelerator operation is obtained.

Control unit 10 is also connected to a display 50. Display 50 can show an operation guidance to the operator, which will be described below. In addition, display 50 is provided with an input device such as a touch panel, and by operating the touch panel, a command can be provided to control unit 10.

Control unit 10 has a calibration mode of performing calibration of a command current that is output when steering cylinders 11a and 11b are driven in accordance with the operation of steering operation member 82a. In the calibration mode, control unit 10 starts calibration based on at least one condition that an operation command of steering operation member 82a is sensed, and stops outputting the command current based on at least one condition that the operation command of steering operation member 82a is not sensed.

Display 50 shows a screen for executing the calibration mode. When the operator operates the touch panel on the screen for executing the calibration mode, a command to execute the calibration mode is provided to control unit 10.

Steering cylinders 11a and 11b, steering operation member 82a and steering operation detection device 82b, steering spool 35, and control unit 10 are examples of “hydraulic cylinder for steering”, “operation apparatus”, “steering spool”, and “controller” in the present disclosure, respectively.

Configuration of Steering System

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a steering system of wheel loader 1 based on the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 3, the steering system of wheel loader 1 includes steering cylinder 11a (11b), steering operation member 82a, steering operation detection device 82b, steering spool 35, solenoid control valves 135a and 135b, a spool position sensor 136, steering pump 12, and control unit 10.

Steering operation detection device 82b detects the position of steering operation member 82a and outputs the detection signal to control unit 10. Control unit 10 outputs a command current to solenoid control valve 135a (135b) based on the detection signal from steering operation detection device 82b. Solenoid control valve 135a (135b) adjusts an amount of supply of the hydraulic oil to be supplied from steering pump 12 to steering cylinder 11a (11b) through steering spool 35 in accordance with the command current from control unit 10. Specifically, the amount of supply of the hydraulic oil to be supplied to steering cylinder 11a (11b) is adjusted by adjusting a spool position in steering spool 35. This causes extension and contraction of steering cylinder 11a (11b), and the traveling direction of the vehicle is changed.

Spool position sensor 136 is a sensor that detects the spool position in steering spool 35, and outputs the spool position to control unit 10.

In order to make fine adjustment of the traveling direction of the vehicle, fine operability is required for the steering system. The use of a region where an opening area of steering spool 35 is extremely small is necessary. However, there is a variation in properties of solenoid control valve 135, and thus, there is also a variation in a command current that causes steering spool 35 to start opening (opening start current).

Even when the operator makes an input for fine operation of steering operation member 82a (an input that expects a low steering speed), the steering speed may become higher than the intended speed if steering spool 35 is widely opened, and thus, fine adjustment of the traveling direction of the vehicle cannot in some cases be made.

Therefore, it is necessary to execute the calibration mode of performing calibration of the command current that is output when steering cylinder 11a (11b) is driven in accordance with the operation of steering operation member 82a. Since steering is performed both in the left direction and in the right direction, it is necessary to execute the calibration mode for each of the left direction and the right direction. In the present example, execution of the calibration mode for only one direction (e.g., the right direction) is described.

Solenoid control valve 135 is an example of “control valve” in the present disclosure.

Process in Calibration Mode

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a process in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4, control unit 10 determines whether the command to execute the calibration mode has been provided (step S0). The screen for executing the calibration mode is shown on display 50 according to the embodiment and when the operator operates the touch panel, the command to execute the calibration mode is provided to control unit 10.

When control unit 10 determines in step S0 that the command to execute the calibration mode has been provided (YES in step S0), control unit 10 next determines whether a lever position of steering operation member 82a is beyond a calibration start position (step S2). The calibration start position is a lever position at which the calibration starts, and will be described in detail below.

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S0 that the command to execute the calibration mode has not been provided (NO in step S0), control unit 10 maintains the state in step S0.

When control unit 10 determines in step S2 that the lever position of steering operation member 82a is beyond the calibration start position (YES in step S2), control unit 10 increases the command current (step S4).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S2 that the lever position of steering operation member 82a is not beyond the calibration start position (NO in step S2), control unit 10 maintains the state in step S2 without increasing the command current.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the increase in the command current according to the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 5, the command current according to the first embodiment is set as a sweep current and rises at a constant rate of increase with the passage of time. That is, after the lever position of steering operation member 82a is beyond the calibration start position, the command current automatically increases at the constant rate of increase with the passage of time regardless of the lever position.

Referring again to FIG. 4, control unit 10 determines whether the lever position of steering operation member 82a is beyond a calibration end position (step S6). The calibration end position is a lever position at which the calibration ends, and will be described in detail below.

When control unit 10 determines in step S6 that the lever position of steering operation member 82a is beyond the calibration end position (YES in step S6), control unit 10 determines whether the command current is smaller than an end current (step S8).

When control unit 10 determines in step S8 that the command current is smaller than the end current (YES in step S8), control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in an opening start position (step S10). Spool position sensor 136 outputs the spool position to control unit 10. The spool position that is in the opening start position of steering spool 35 is preset. Based on a detection result of the spool position from spool position sensor 136, control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in the opening start position.

When control unit 10 determines in step S10 that the spool position is in the opening start position (YES in step S10), control unit 10 stores the command current in this position (step S14).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S10 that the spool position is not in the opening start position (NO in step S10), control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in a maximum opening position (step S12). Spool position sensor 136 outputs the spool position to control unit 10. The spool position that is in the maximum opening position of steering spool 35 is preset. Based on a detection result of the spool position from spool position sensor 136, control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in the maximum opening position.

When control unit 10 determines in step S12 that the spool position is in the maximum opening position (YES in step S12), control unit 10 stores the command current in this position (step S14).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S12 that the spool position is not in the maximum opening position (NO in step S12), step S14 is skipped and the process proceeds to step S16.

In step S16, control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is beyond the maximum opening position.

When control unit 10 determines in step S16 that the spool position is not beyond the maximum opening position (NO in step S16), the process returns to step S4 and control unit 10 continues the process of increasing the command current.

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S16 that the spool position is beyond the maximum opening position (YES in step S16), control unit 10 sets the command current to zero (step S18). Then, control unit 10 ends the process in the calibration mode (END).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S6 that the lever position of steering operation member 82a is not beyond the calibration end position (NO in step S6), control unit 10 sets the command current to zero (step S18). Then, control unit 10 ends the process in the calibration mode (END).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S8 that the command current is larger than the end current (NO in step S8), control unit 10 sets the command current to zero (step S18). Then, control unit 10 ends the process in the calibration mode (END). A value of the end current is a value of a current flowing when an abnormality occurs in solenoid control valve 135a (135b) and the like. Since there is an abnormality when the command current is larger than the end current, the process in the calibration mode is ended, which makes it possible to end the process in the calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

As described above, even when control unit 10 determines that the command to execute the calibration mode has been provided, control unit 10 increases the command current when the lever position of steering operation member 82a operated by the operator is beyond the calibration start position. That is, in order to execute the calibration mode, the operator is required to operate the lever position of steering operation member 82a.

When the lever position of steering operation member 82a operated by the operator is not beyond the calibration end position, the command current is set to zero.

The condition that the lever position of steering operation member 82a operated by the operator is beyond the calibration end position is required as a condition that the operator continues the calibration mode. When the operator returns the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position, the command current is set to zero and the calibration mode is immediately stopped.

At the time of the calibration process for the work machine having the steering system, the steering spool operates automatically in accordance with the increase in the command current, and thus, steering operates automatically.

In the case of a work machine such as an articulated wheel loader, when steering operates automatically, the work machine may interfere with a surrounding object depending on the situation. If the operator starts the stop operation after the operator perceives a danger, interference may not be avoided in time.

In the case of the scheme according to the first embodiment, the operator can immediately return the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position when the operator perceives a danger. Therefore, interference of the work machine with a surrounding object can be avoided, which enables execution of the calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 1) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6(A) shows the lever position that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 6(B) shows the command current that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 6(C) shows the spool position that changes with the passage of time.

At time T0, the lever position of steering operation member 82a goes beyond the calibration start position. The command current that is the sweep current described with reference to FIG. 5 starts to increase.

At time T1, the spool position reaches the opening start position. Control unit 10 stores the command current in the opening start position (opening start current).

At time T2, the spool position reaches the maximum opening position. Control unit 10 stores the command current in the maximum opening position (maximum opening current).

Control unit 10 determines that the spool position has gone beyond the maximum opening position, and thus, control unit 10 sets the command current to zero and ends the calibration mode.

In the present example, by providing the calibration start position with the lever position of steering operation member 82a, execution of the calibration mode triggered by an erroneous operation of steering operation member 82a by the operator is prevented. In addition, if the calibration start position and the calibration end position are set to the same, the calibration mode may end immediately after the start of the sweep current due to fluctuations in the lever position of steering operation member 82a or noise. However, this state can be avoided by providing the calibration end position to be lower than the calibration start position.

Although the case in which the sweep current is started when the lever position of steering operation member 82a goes beyond the calibration start position is described in the present example, the sweep current may be started when the lever position of steering operation member 82a is beyond the calibration start position for a first time period or longer. In addition, the command current may be set to zero when the lever position of steering operation member 82a is lower than the calibration end position for a second time period or longer. The second time period may be shorter than the first time period.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of the process of calibrating the command current in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 shows the case of correcting the command current with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a based on the opening start current and the maximum opening current stored in the calibration mode. In the present example, the case of performing the calibration process of decreasing the command current with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a to attain an intended steering speed is described.

As the calibration mode, the opening start current and the maximum opening current are measured, whereby a rate of increase in the command current with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a can also be adjusted.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 2) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 8(A) shows the lever position that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 8(B) shows the command current that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 8(C) shows the spool position that changes with the passage of time.

At time T0, the lever position of steering operation member 82a goes beyond the calibration start position. The command current that is the sweep current described with reference to FIG. 5 starts to increase.

At time T1, the spool position reaches the opening start position. Control unit 10 stores the command current in the opening start position (opening start current).

At time T1 #, the lever position of steering operation member 82a does not yet go beyond the calibration end position. Control unit 10 sets the command current to zero and ends the calibration mode.

With this process, when the operator returns the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position, for example, the command current becomes zero and the calibration mode is immediately stopped.

In the case of the scheme according to the first embodiment, the operator can immediately return the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position when the operator perceives a danger. Therefore, interference of the work machine with a surrounding object can be avoided, which enables execution of the calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

Second Embodiment

The case in which the sweep current is used as the increasing command current in the calibration mode has been described in the first embodiment.

A scheme in which the sweep current is not used in the calibration mode will be described in a second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating setting of the command current with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a according to the second embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 9, control unit 10 determines whether a lever operation on steering operation member 82a has been performed (step S20).

Control unit 10 sets a target current in accordance with a position of the lever operation on steering operation member 82a (step S22).

Next, control unit 10 restricts a rate of increase in the command current with respect to the set target current (step S24).

Then, the process returns to step S20 and control unit 10 continues the above-described process.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a setting table for setting the target current with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a according to the second embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10(A), FIG. 10(A) shows a setting table in a normal operation.

FIG. 10(A) shows a case in which the target current increases linearly with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a.

In the present example, control unit 10 restricts the rate of increase in the command current when control unit 10 outputs the command current such that the command current becomes equal to the set target current. That is, the command current increases at a constant rate of increase with the passage of time such that the command current becomes equal to the set target current. Thus, a sudden increase or decrease in the current can be avoided and smooth steering control can be achieved.

Referring to FIG. 10(B), FIG. 10(B) shows a setting table in the calibration mode according to the second embodiment.

The target current is immediately set to a prescribed value with respect to the lever position of steering operation member 82a. Therefore, the target current can be easily set to the prescribed value by moving the lever position beyond the prescribed position in the calibration mode, and thus, the operator does not need to always pay attention to the lever position and the operation becomes easier. In the first embodiment, the command current automatically increases at the constant rate of increase with the passage of time regardless of the lever position. However, in the second embodiment, the target current is set in accordance with the lever position and the command current is output such that the command current becomes equal to the set target current.

Control unit 10 restricts the rate of increase in the command current when control unit 10 outputs the command current such that the command current becomes equal to the set target current. That is, the command current increases at the constant rate of increase with the passage of time such that the command current becomes equal to the set target current.

The rate of increase in the command current in the normal operation and the rate of increase in the command current in the calibration mode may be adjusted. For example, the rate of increase in the command current in the calibration mode may be adjusted to the rate of increase in the sweep current described with reference to FIG. 5.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the second embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 11, control unit 10 determines whether the command to execute the calibration mode has been provided (step S0). The screen for executing the calibration mode is shown on display 50 according to the embodiment and when the operator operates the touch panel, the command to execute the calibration mode is provided to control unit 10.

When control unit 10 determines in step S0 that the command to execute the calibration mode has not been provided (NO in step S0), control unit 10 maintains the state in step S0.

When control unit 10 determines in step S0 that the command to execute the calibration mode has been provided (YES in step S0), control unit 10 next determines whether the lever operation has been performed (step S1).

When control unit 10 determines in step S1 that the lever operation on steering operation member 82a has not been performed (NO in step S1), control unit 10 maintains the state in step S1.

When control unit 10 determines in step S1 that the lever operation on steering operation member 82a has been performed (YES in step S1), control unit 10 sets the target current in accordance with the lever position (step S30). Specifically, the target current is set using the setting table described with reference to FIG. 10(B). The target current is immediately set to the prescribed value in response to the change in the lever position.

Next, control unit 10 restricts the rate of increase in the command current when control unit 10 outputs the command current such that the command current becomes equal to the set target current (step S32). That is, the command current increases at a constant rate of increase with the passage of time such that the command current becomes equal to the set target current.

Next, control unit 10 determines whether the command current is smaller than the end current (step S8).

When control unit 10 determines in step S8 that the command current is smaller than the end current (YES in step S8), control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in the opening start position (step S10). Spool position sensor 136 outputs the spool position to control unit 10. The spool position that is in the opening start position of steering spool 35 is preset. Based on a detection result of the spool position from spool position sensor 136, control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in the opening start position.

When control unit 10 determines in step S10 that the spool position is in the opening start position (YES in step S10), control unit 10 stores the command current in this position (step S14).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S10 that the spool position is not in the opening start position (NO in step S10), control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in the maximum opening position (step S12). Spool position sensor 136 outputs the spool position to control unit 10. The spool position that is in the maximum opening position of steering spool 35 is preset. Based on a detection result of the spool position from spool position sensor 136, control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is in the maximum opening position.

When control unit 10 determines in step S12 that the spool position is in the maximum opening position (YES in step S12), control unit 10 stores the command current in this position (step S14).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S12 that the spool position is not in the maximum opening position (NO in step S12), step S14 is skipped and the process proceeds to step S16.

In step S16, control unit 10 determines whether the spool position is beyond the maximum opening position.

When control unit 10 determines in step S16 that the spool position is not beyond the maximum opening position (NO in step S16), the process returns to step S4 and control unit 10 continues the process of increasing the command current.

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S16 that the spool position is beyond the maximum opening position (YES in step S16), control unit 10 sets the command current to zero (step S18). Then, control unit 10 ends the process in the calibration mode (END).

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S8 that the command current is larger than the end current (NO in step S8), control unit 10 sets the command current to zero (step S18). Then, control unit 10 ends the process in the calibration mode (END).

With this process, even when control unit 10 determines that the command to execute the calibration mode has been provided, control unit 10 increases the command current with respect to the set target current when the operation on the lever position of steering operation member 82a by the operator has been performed. In addition, control unit 10 restricts the rate of increase in the command current, whereby control unit 10 can output the sweep current described with reference to FIG. 5 as an example. That is, in order to execute the calibration mode, the operator is required to perform the operation on the lever position of steering operation member 82a.

When the operator returns the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position, both the target current and the command current become zero and the steering operation stops immediately.

In the calibration process for the work machine having the steering system, the steering spool operates automatically in accordance with the increase in the command current, and thus, steering operates automatically.

In the case of a work machine such as an articulated wheel loader, when steering operates automatically, the work machine may interfere with a surrounding object depending on the situation. If the operator starts the stop operation after the operator perceives a danger, interference may not be avoided in time.

In the case of the scheme according to the second embodiment, the operator can immediately return the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position when the operator perceives a danger. Therefore, interference of the work machine with a surrounding object can be avoided, which enables execution of the calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 1) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 12(A) shows the lever position that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 12(B) shows the command current that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 12(C) shows the spool position that changes with the passage of time.

At time T10, the command current starts to increase in response to the start of the operation on the lever position of steering operation member 82a.

At time T11, the target current is set to the prescribed value. In accordance with restriction of the rate of increase, the command current increases at the constant rate of increase such that the command current becomes equal to the target current.

At time T12, the spool position reaches the opening start position. Control unit 10 stores the command current in the opening start position (opening start current).

At time T13, the spool position reaches the maximum opening position. Control unit 10 stores the command current in the maximum opening position (maximum opening current).

Control unit 10 determines that the spool position has gone beyond the maximum opening position, and thus, control unit 10 sets the command current to zero and ends the calibration mode.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart (No. 2) in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13(A) shows the lever position that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 13(B) shows the command current that changes with the passage of time.

FIG. 13(C) shows the spool position that changes with the passage of time.

At time T10, the command current starts to increase in response to the start of the operation on the lever position of steering operation member 82a.

At time T11, the target current is set to the prescribed value. In accordance with restriction of the rate of increase, the command current increases at the constant rate of increase such that the command current becomes equal to the target current.

At time T12, the spool position reaches the opening start position. Control unit 10 stores the command current in the opening start position (opening start current).

At time T12 #, the lever position of steering operation member 82a is returned to the neutral position.

Control unit 10 sets the target current to zero and sets the command current to zero in accordance with the lever position of steering operation member 82a.

With this process, when the operator returns the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position, for example, the command current becomes zero and the spool immediately moves to the neutral position.

In the case of the scheme according to the second embodiment, the operator can immediately return the lever position of steering operation member 82a to the neutral position when the operator perceives a danger. Therefore, interference of the work machine with a surrounding object can be avoided, which enables execution of the calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

Third Embodiment

In a third embodiment, a scheme to execute the calibration mode without further affecting the surroundings of the work machine will be described.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a state of wheel loader 1 in the calibration mode according to the third embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 14, when steering cylinders 11a and 11b extend and contract, the traveling direction of wheel loader 1 changes from the neutral position at which front vehicular body portion 2a and rear vehicular body portion 2b are aligned on the straight line. As an example, the case in which the traveling direction changes to the right side is shown as “positive”.

In the calibration mode according to the present embodiment, steering spool 35 is supplied with the maximum opening current, which increases in accordance with the sweep current, from the opening start current of steering spool 35 to the maximum opening current, and the hydraulic oil is supplied to steering cylinder 11a (11b).

Steering cylinder 11a (11b) changes the traveling direction of the vehicle in accordance with an amount of supply of the hydraulic oil. In the calibration mode, a range of the change in the traveling direction of the vehicle falls within a prescribed range.

In the third embodiment, the case of setting a maximum allowable angle in the calibration mode, and continuing the calibration mode when the articulation angle is within the range of the maximum allowable angle and ending the calibration mode when the articulation angle exceeds the maximum allowable angle is described.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a process in the calibration mode of the steering system of wheel loader 1 according to the third embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 15, the flowchart in FIG. 15 is different from the flowchart in FIG. 4 in that steps S40 and S42 are added. Since the remaining processing is the same, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

When control unit 10 determines in step S2 that the lever position of steering operation member 82a is beyond the calibration start position (YES in step S2), control unit 10 detects the articulation angle (step S40). Control unit 10 receives a detection signal from articulation angle detection sensor 99 and detects the articulation angle.

Next, control unit 10 determines whether the articulation angle is within the range of the maximum allowable angle (step S42).

When control unit 10 determines in step S42 that the articulation angle is within the range of the maximum allowable angle (YES in step S42), control unit 10 increases the command current (step S4). The subsequent processing is the same as that in FIG. 4.

On the other hand, when control unit 10 determines in step S42 that the articulation angle is not within the range of the maximum allowable angle (NO in step S42), control unit 10 sets the command current to zero (step S18). Then, control unit 10 ends the process in the calibration mode (END).

With this process, control unit 10 according to the third embodiment detects the articulation angle, and continues the calibration mode when the detected articulation angle is within the range of the maximum allowable angle and ends the process in the calibration mode when the detected articulation angle is not within the range of the maximum allowable angle.

When the articulation angle is abnormal, control unit 10 ends the process in the calibration mode. Therefore, interference of the work machine with a surrounding object can be avoided, which enables execution of the calibration mode without further affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

In the present example, the case of detecting the articulation angle, and continuing the calibration mode when the detected articulation angle is within the range of the maximum allowable angle and ending the process in the calibration mode when the detected articulation angle is not within the range of the maximum allowable angle in the scheme according to the first embodiment has been described. However, this is applicable not only to the scheme according to the first embodiment but also to the scheme according to the second embodiment.

In each of the embodiments above, the configuration that enables execution of the calibration mode without affecting the surroundings of the work machine even when frame lock bar 18 is not attached to fixation mechanism 19 has been described. When frame lock bar 18 is attached to fixation mechanism 19, the calibration mode can be executed without further affecting the surroundings of the work machine.

In each of the embodiments above, the wheel loader has been described as an example of the work machine. However, the work machine is not limited to the wheel loader and other types of work machines such as a motor grader and a dump truck are also applicable.

Additional Aspects

The present embodiment as described above includes the following technical ideas.

Additional Aspect 1

A work machine comprising:

a hydraulic cylinder for steering (11a, 11b);

an operation apparatus (82a, 82b) that receives an input of an operation command from an operator to drive the hydraulic cylinder for steering;

a control valve (135a, 135b) that controls an amount of driving of the hydraulic cylinder for steering; and

a controller (10) that outputs a command current that causes the control valve to operate in response to the operation command of the operation apparatus, wherein

the controller has a calibration mode of outputting the command current and performing calibration of the command current, and

in the calibration mode, the controller starts the calibration based on at least one condition that the operation command is sensed, and stops outputting the command current based on at least one condition that the operation command is not sensed.

Additional Aspect 2

The work machine according to Additional Aspect 1, wherein

the operation command being not sensed refers to a case in which the operation apparatus is in a neutral position.

Additional Aspect 3

The work machine according to Additional Aspect 1, further comprising

a steering spool (35) that adjusts an amount of supply of hydraulic oil to be supplied to the hydraulic cylinder for steering, wherein

the control valve adjusts a position of a spool of the steering spool.

Additional Aspect 4

The work machine according to Additional Aspect 3, wherein

the controller determines whether the operation command of the operation apparatus is equal to or larger than a first threshold value, and when the operation command of the operation apparatus is equal to or larger than the first threshold value, the controller increases a value of the command current and stores a command current when the spool reaches a prescribed position,

the controller calculates a correction value of the command current corresponding to the operation command of the operation apparatus based on a value of the stored command current, and

the controller determines whether the operation command of the operation apparatus is equal to or larger than a second threshold value, and when the operation command of the operation apparatus is not equal to or larger than the second threshold value, the controller sets the value of the command current to an initial value.

Additional Aspect 5

The work machine according to Additional Aspect 4, wherein

the controller increases the value of the command current and stores a first command current when the spool reaches a first prescribed position,

the controller increases the value of the command current and stores a second command current when the spool reaches a second prescribed position, and

when the spool reaches the second prescribed position, the controller sets the value of the command current to the initial value.

Additional Aspect 6

The work machine according to Additional Aspect 4 or 5, wherein

the controller increases the command current at a constant rate of increase with passage of time, the command current being a current that causes the control valve to operate in response to the operation command of the operation apparatus.

Additional Aspect 7

The work machine according to any one of Additional Aspects 4 to 6, wherein

the controller sets a target current in accordance with the operation command of the operation apparatus, and adjusts the command current to increase at a prescribed rate of increase with respect to the set target current.

Additional Aspect 8

The work machine according to any one of Additional Aspects 1 to 7, further comprising

a detector (99) that detects an articulation angle that changes in accordance with driving of the hydraulic cylinder for steering, wherein

in the calibration mode, the controller starts the calibration mode when the articulation angle satisfies a prescribed condition, and stops outputting the command current when the articulation angle does not satisfy the prescribed condition.

Additional Aspect 9

A method for controlling a work machine, the method comprising:

receiving an input of an operation command of an operation apparatus from an operator to drive a hydraulic cylinder for steering (S2);

outputting a command current that causes a control valve to operate in response to the operation command (S4), the control valve being a valve that controls an amount of driving of the hydraulic cylinder for steering; and

outputting the command current and performing calibration of the command current, wherein

the performing calibration includes:

• • starting the calibration based on at least one condition that the operation command is sensed; and
  • stopping outputting the command current based on at least one condition that the operation command is not sensed (S18).

Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the terms of the claims, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

1 wheel loader; 2 vehicular body frame; 2a front vehicular body portion; 2b rear vehicular body portion; 3 work implement; 4a front wheel; 4b rear wheel; 5 operator's cab; 6 boom; 7 bucket; 8 operation unit; 9 bell crank; 10 control unit; 11a, 11b steering cylinder; 12 steering pump; 13 work implement pump; 14a, 14b lift cylinder; 15 bucket cylinder; 18 frame lock bar; 19 fixation mechanism; 21 engine; 22 traveling apparatus; 23 torque converter apparatus; 24 fuel injection pump; 26 transmission; 27 lock-up clutch; 28 torque converter; 31 clutch control valve; 32 shaft; 33 PTO shaft; 34 work implement control valve; 35 steering spool; 50 display; 60 memory; 81a accelerator operation member; 81b accelerator operation detection device; 82a steering operation member; 82b steering operation detection device; 83a boom operation member; 83b boom operation detection device; 84a bucket operation member; 84b bucket operation detection device; 85a gear-shifting operation member; 85b gear-shifting operation detection device; 86a FR operation member; 86b FR operation detection device; 91 engine rotation speed sensor; 92 output rotation speed sensor; 93 input rotation speed sensor; 98 boom angle detection device; 99 articulation angle detection sensor; 135a, 135b solenoid control valve; 136 spool position sensor.