Tapered Pickleball Coupling Devices

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The current application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/712,238, filed on Oct. 25, 2024, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to sports equipment and more specifically to tapered pickleball coupling devices.

BACKGROUND

The sport of Pickleball has seen a dramatic rise in popularity, becoming one of the fastest-growing sports in the United States. Pickleball is a paddle sport that combines elements of various sports such as tennis, badminton, and ping-pong. Pickleball can be played either on an indoor or outdoor court with a net separating opposing players. Typically, players use a solid paddle and a perforated ball (may also be referred to as lowercase “pickleball” or “ball”) that may be made of various materials, including, but not limited to, plastic. Further, Pickleball may be played in singles or doubles, making it accessible to players of all ages and skill levels. The game emphasizes quick reflexes, strategy, and placement rather than sheer power, which contributes to its broad appeal.

Generally, a pickleball is a lightweight perforated ball made using a durable molded material (e.g., plastics). Although variations may exist, pickleballs typically have a smooth outer surface, measure between 2.87 and 2.97 inches in diameter, and weigh between 0.78 and 0.935 ounces. Further, a pickleball features evenly spaced holes (may also be referred to “apertures”) that reduce wind resistance and control its flight pattern, making it suitable for the sport's smaller court and slower pace compared to tennis. For example, pickleballs may have between 26 to 40 evenly spaced circular holes. Pickleballs may also be classified as two main types: indoor pickleballs, which have relatively fewer, larger holes for better control, and outdoor pickleballs, which have relatively more, smaller holes for increased durability and stability in the wind.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The various embodiments of the present tapered pickleball coupling devices contain several features, no single one of which is solely responsible for their desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the present embodiments, their more prominent features will now be discussed below. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled “Detailed Description,” one will understand how the features of the present embodiments provide the advantages described here.

One aspect of the present embodiments includes the realization that with the increasing number of players, the demand for accessories that enhance the functionality and convenience of Pickleball has similarly grown. Among these accessories, devices designed to securely attach pickleballs to various objects, such as bags, have become particularly important. These devices may be essential for players who need to keep their pickleballs easily accessible while ensuring that the pickleballs do not get lost or damaged. The current landscape of the industry includes various coupling attachments, yet there remains a significant gap in products that provide both a secure hold and ease of use, particularly for users with varying physical strengths.

Another aspect of the present embodiments includes the realization that despite the availability of some coupling devices, there are notable gaps in the industry. Most existing devices do not adequately address the need for a universal coupling mechanism that can securely attach to the varying hole sizes found in different types of pickleballs. Additionally, many of these products lack the durability needed for repeated outdoor use in varying environmental conditions, such as exposure to UV light, moisture, and temperature fluctuations. These factors contribute to the premature degradation of such devices, leading to the need for frequent replacements. Moreover, the force required to attach and detach the pickleball from the coupling device is often not optimized, resulting in either too loose or too tight a fit, making them inconvenient for users, particularly seniors or children.

Another aspect of the present embodiments includes the realization that current solutions in the market primarily utilize basic retention mechanisms such as hooks or clips. While functional, these conventional devices do not offer the optimized retention parameters and environmental resistance features for long-term outdoor user-friendly use. For example, conventional devices fail to provide a secure grip on the pickleball, particularly in situations where the pickleball may experience jolts or impacts. The failure to provide a secure grip can lead to the pickleball detaching unexpectedly, resulting in the ball being lost or damaged during transport. This not only inconveniences the user but also disrupts play and may require the purchase of replacement equipment. Additionally, it could lead to safety hazards if the ball becomes a tripping or slipping risk. Some devices require you to string a rod through the entire ball going in one hole and out another. This can be tedious and difficult.

Another aspect of the present embodiments includes the realization that there is a lack of devices that can, using only one device, accommodate the different hole sizes across indoor, hybrid, and outdoor pickleballs, limiting their versatility. The inability of such conventional device to accommodate different hole sizes across indoor, hybrid, and outdoor pickleballs can lead to a poor fit, causing the pickleball to either slip out or fail to attach securely. This reduces such conventional device's versatility, forcing users to purchase multiple types of coupling devices for different balls, adding unnecessary complexity and cost. Moreover, an improper fit may cause frustration during use, diminish the coupling device's reliability, and potentially lead to damage or loss of the pickleball, further inconveniencing the user. These shortcomings highlight the need for a more advanced solution that can cater to the diverse and demanding needs of pickleball players. Another shortcoming of devices (c shaped clip that holds pickleball) is that it uses a lot of plastic and has a large footprint even when the ball is not attached.

Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide tapered pickleball coupling devices that address these issues by introducing a novel structure that includes multiple tapered distal arms with strategically placed retention members, as further described below. In many embodiments, the arms may be advantageously structured to compress and securely fit into the varying hole sizes of pickleballs, providing a secure grip that prevents accidental detachment while still allowing for easy removal when needed. The use of advanced materials, such as, but not limited to, UV-stabilized nylon or Delrin, may be advantageously utilized to ensure that the present tapered pickleball coupling devices may be robust against environmental factors, extending its lifespan even with frequent outdoor use. Additionally, providing the tapered pickleball coupling devices with an optimized retention force and adaptable design may make it suitable for a wide range of users and pickleball form factors, thereby filling a critical gap in the current market.

In addition, it would be further advantageous to provide tapered pickleball coupling devices that enable single-handed removal of the pickleball (e.g., from a backpack) in order to enhance user convenience by allowing the pickleball to be easily accessed without requiring the user to stop or set down other items, which is particularly beneficial during active situations, such as, but not limited to, arriving at the court or transitioning between games. Further, single-handed operation reduces the risk of dropping other items, improving safety and efficiency, especially when the user is carrying additional equipment like paddles or water bottles. Moreover, the ability to securely grip the pickleball while still permitting quick and effortless detachment increases the tapered pickleball coupling devices' practicality for players of all skill levels, including seniors or children, who may have limited hand strength or dexterity. Overall, such functionality addresses a key gap in the market, providing a more seamless and user-friendly experience for transporting and accessing pickleballs. The present embodiments provide these advantages and enhancements, as described below.

In a first aspect, a tapered pickleball coupling device for coupling to a pickleball is provided, the tapered pickleball coupling device comprising: a base structure connected to a distal structure; the distal structure comprising a distal end and a proximal end, wherein: the distal structure is connected to the base structure at the proximal end and is configured to insert into an aperture of a pickleball via the distal end; and the distal structure comprises a plurality of distal arms that tapers from the proximal end to the distal end; wherein inserting the distal structure into the aperture of the pickleball applies a compression force on the plurality of distal arms compressing the plurality of distal arms inward; and wherein release of the compression force couples the tapered pickleball coupling device to the pickleball.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the plurality of distal arms comprises a first distal arm and a second distal arm.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the first distal arm comprises a plurality of retention members.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the second distal arm comprises a plurality of retention members.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the plurality of retention members of the first distal arm and each of the plurality of retention members of the second distal arm form a set of opposing retention members.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the distal structure is inserted into the aperture of the pickleball past at least one of the set of opposing retention members.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the first distal arm further comprises a plurality of troughs, wherein each of the plurality of troughs is positioned adjacent to and between the plurality of retention members.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the second distal arm further comprises a plurality of troughs, wherein each of the plurality of troughs is positioned adjacent to and between the plurality of retention members.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the plurality of troughs of the first distal arm and each of the plurality of troughs of the second distal arm form a set of opposing troughs.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the compression force is released when the aperture of the pickleball is in contact with the set of opposing troughs.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the first distal arm further comprises a plurality of planar stops positioned opposite the plurality of troughs.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the second distal arm further comprises a plurality of planar stops positioned opposite the plurality of troughs.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, each of the plurality of planar stops of the first distal arm and each of the plurality of planar stops of the second distal arm form a set of opposing planar stops.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the compression force is applied by a push force.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the base structure comprises a gripping body and a peripheral ridge.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the base structure comprises a base structure aperture.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the tapered pickleball coupling device further comprises a zipper head for zipping and unzipping a zipper.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the base structure is connected to the zipper head.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the release of the compression force couples the tapered pickleball coupling device to the pickleball with a retention force of 1-2 pounds-force at a lower limit.

In another embodiment of the first aspect, the release of the compression force couples the tapered pickleball coupling device to the pickleball with a retention force of 6-7 pounds-force at a higher limit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The various embodiments of the present tapered pickleball coupling devices now will be discussed in detail with an emphasis on highlighting the advantageous features. These embodiments depict the novel and non-obvious tapered pickleball coupling devices shown in the accompanying drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only. These drawings include the following figures:

FIG. 1A illustrates an overhead plan view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1B illustrates an elevational side view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1C illustrates an elevational front view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1D illustrates an elevational rear view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2A illustrates a process for coupling a tapered pickleball coupling device to a pickleball in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2B illustrates a process for decoupling a tapered pickleball coupling device from a pickleball in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an elevational view of a plurality of tapered pickleball coupling devices each in a coupled configuration with a pickleball in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4A illustrates a perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in a relaxed state in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4B illustrates a perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in a fully compressed state in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device attached to a zipper head in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device attached to a zipper head and in a coupled configuration through an aperture in a pickleball in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6A illustrates an elevational rear perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional elevational rear perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6C illustrates a perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device being inserted into an aperture in a pickleball in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 7A-B are graphs illustrating elastic modulus of various materials as a function of temperature in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following detailed description describes the present embodiments with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, reference numbers label elements of the present embodiments. These reference numbers are reproduced below in connection with the discussion of the corresponding drawing features.

Turning now to the drawings, tapered pickleball coupling devices (may also be referred to herein as “coupling devices” or “device”) for coupling to and retaining a pickleball in accordance with embodiments of the invention are provided. In many embodiments, a tapered pickleball coupling device may include a base structure connected to a distal structure, where the distal structure is configured to insert into an aperture of a pickleball, as further described below. In various embodiments, the distal structure may include a plurality of distal arms that taper from a proximal end to a distal end. In several embodiments, the proximal end of the distal structure may be the side that is closer to the base structure and the distal end of the distal structure may be the side of that is inserted into the aperture of the pickleball, as further described below. In a variety of embodiments, inserting (or removing from) the tapered pickleball coupling device into the aperture of the pickleball may apply a compression force on the plurality of distal arms thereby compressing the plurality of distal arms inward allowing the distal structure to be inserted into the aperture of the pickleball such that the release of the compression force couples the tapered pickleball coupling device to the pickleball, as further described below.

The present embodiments of the invention may utilize a compliant mechanism where the tension used to hold a pickleball to the coupling device may be a product of elastic body deformation of the coupling device. In several embodiments, the plurality of distal arms may create a spring due to their shape and/or the material. During a coupling process, a user may push a pickleball onto the coupling device (or vice versa), where the push force is turned into a compressive force on the plurality of distal arms inwards (normal to the original force). Once the pushing force on the pickleball overcomes the force required to compress the spring (i.e., the plurality of distal arms) and the pickleball goes past corresponding set of opposing retention members, then the spring (i.e., the plurality of distal arms) will return to a relaxed state leaving the pickleball trapped in a set of opposing trough on the coupling device. In various embodiments, a decoupling process of removing/pulling the pickleball from the coupling device, may be a reverse of the coupling process, as further described below. For example, during decoupling, the pulling force may apply a compression force that may apply need to overcome the force required to compress the spring (i.e., the plurality of distal arms).

In many embodiments, the tapered pickleball coupling devices may be tailored so that the push force (“attaching the pickleball to the coupling device”-force) and the pull force (“pulling the pickleball off the coupling device”-force) may be optimized for ease of use and security of the pickleball. In various embodiments, the difference in the pull and push forces may be a function of the way the profile of the various components is designed. For example, the plurality of distal arms may be made by sweeping a circular profile along a bumpy path. In some embodiments, such a “bumpy path” may utilize various math functions, such as, but not limited to, a fit point spline function. Further, the so-called curviness of each retention member, from either direction of a trough, may be adjusted and optimized. For example, a shallower curve may lead to a local maximum that may require less force to compress the spring then a steeper and/or shorter curve.

In addition, the present embodiments also include material considerations as the material has a major impact on determining the spring coefficient. For example, different materials will have different material properties such as, but not limited to, flexural strength and flexural modulus. Such material properties may give rise to the springiness of tapered pickleball coupling device and thus the force holding the pickleball onto the coupling device. Further, the flexural strength and flexural modulus may also be functions of temperature and moisture content. Since tapered pickleball coupling devices may be used in outdoor environments, the present embodiments include consideration of materials whose flexural strength and flexural modulus varied the least with variation in both temperature and in water absorption. The present tapered pickleball coupling devices various pickleballs using consistent and known amounts of force, works in various temperatures, UV and moisture conditions, and may be used for extended amounts of time without having stress fractures. Tapered pickleball coupling devices with first and second distal arms in accordance with embodiments of the invention are further discussed below.

Tapered Pickleball Coupling Devices with First and Second Distal Arms

Tapered pickleball coupling devices may have one or more distal arms. In some embodiments, tapered pickleball coupling devices may have two arms, as further described below. However, in some embodiments, tapered pickleball coupling devices may have three or more arms.

An overhead plan view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1A. The tapered pickleball coupling device 100 may include a base structure 110 and a distal structure 120 that may include a first distal arm 121 and a second distal arm 123. In many embodiments, the first and second distal arms 121, 123 may demonstrate flexibility and elasticity, which may be advantageous for inserting and securing the coupling device into various pickleball hole sizes. In various embodiments, the distal structure 120 may allow the coupling device to adapt to different pickleball designs, including those not yet standardized in the industry.

In some embodiments, the distal structure 120 may extend from the base structure 110. In some embodiments, the base structure 110 may include a gripping body 112 having a peripheral ridge 114 extending therefrom. In various embodiments, the gripping body 112 and/or the peripheral ridge 114 may provide a user with additional support to hold and/or handle the tapered pickleball coupling device 100. In some embodiments, the base structure 110 may not include a gripping body 112 and/or the peripheral ridge 114, and the base structure 110 itself may be utilized to hold and/or handle the tapered pickleball coupling device 100. In some embodiments, the gripping body 112 and/or the peripheral ridge 114 may be part of the base structure 100.

In some embodiments, the base structure 110 may be located at an opposite end from a distal coupling joint 132, as further described below. In some embodiments, the base structure 110 may provide a sturdy base for the attachment of the pickleball via the distal arms (e.g., the first and second distal arms 121, 123). In some embodiments, the base structure 110 may preferably be rectangular in shape to provide an improved gripping surface for users. In some embodiments, the base structure 110 may include a peripheral ridge 114 on opposing side surfaces (see FIG. 1B), which may further enhance the user's grip during handling. Alternatively, the peripheral ridge 114 may be present on only one surface. In some embodiments, location at the peripheral ridge 114 may be an embossed structure representing a logo that may serve as the gripping surface, either in addition to, or in place of, the peripheral ridge 114.

In further reference to FIG. 1a, the tapered pickleball coupling device 100 may include a concave ridge portion 116 located between the base structure 110 and the distal structure 120. In some embodiments the concave ridge portion 116 may be formed into the distal end of the base structure 110, contributing to the structural integrity of the coupling device by distributing forces more evenly across the joint between the base structure 110 and the first and second distal arms 121, 123. In various embodiments, the base structure 110 may be dimensioned to have a larger width than the first distal arm 121 or the second distal arm 123, ensuring that in both compressed and relaxed states (as further described below), the base structure 110 remains broader, providing a stable anchor point. This difference in dimensions may also ensure that the coupling device maintains a secure hold on the pickleball, reducing the risk of accidental detachment during use.

In some embodiments, the peripheral ridge 114 may be disposed in a raised embossed manner around the periphery of the gripping body 112. In some embodiments, the peripheral ridge 114 and/or concave ridge portion 116 may be disposed in a raised rounded manner above the height of the planar outer surface of the gripping body 112. In some embodiments, the peripheral ridge 114 and/or the concave ridge portion 116 may be disposed in-line with the height of the planar outer surface of the base structure 110. In some embodiments, the peripheral ridge 114 and/or the concave ridge portion 116 may be disposed in uniform monolithic construction with the distal structure 120 and/or the base structure 110.

In further reference to FIG. 1a, the base structure 110 (and the gripping body 112) may include a base structure aperture 118. In many embodiments, the base structure aperture is an opening disposed through the base structure 110 that may be sized to accept a coupling mechanism (may also be referred to as a “retention device”) such as, but not limited to, a keyring, carabiner, a zipper head, etc. In several embodiments, the coupling mechanism can then be attached to various fixed structures such as, but not limited to, bags, backpacks, articles of clothing, etc., providing the user with a convenient means of transporting one or more pickleballs. The versatility of the base structure 110 aperture enhances the coupling device's adaptability to different user needs and environments.

In further reference to FIG. 1A, the distal structure 120 may extend from the base structure 110 and comprise a horizontally-oriented convex cavity portion 122 that may be defined by the concave ridge portion 116. Further, the distal structure 120 may comprise one or more distal arms, such as, but not limited to a first distal arm 121 and a second distal arm 123 that are connected at a distal coupling joint 132. In various embodiments, the distal coupling joint 132 may taper and provide a narrow point for initial insertion into an aperture of a pickleball, as further described below. In many embodiments, each of the distal arms (e.g., the first and second distal arms 121, 123) may comprise a plurality of retention members that may taper in height towards the distal coupling joint 132. For example, the first distal arm 121 may include a first retention member 124a, a second retention member 124b, a third retention member 124c, a fourth retention member 124d, and a fifth retention member 124e. Similarly, the second distal arm 123 may include a first retention member 125a, a second retention member 125b, a third retention member 125c, a fourth retention member 125d, and a fifth retention member 125e.

In many embodiments, the first and second distal arms 121, 123 each may be an elongate member with a diameter (may also be referred to as the “distal arm diameter”) or width dimension (may also be referred to as the “distal arm width”) that is smaller than that of the base structure's diameter or width (may also be referred to as the “base structure diameter” or “base structure width,” respectively), respectively. The first and second distal arms 121, 123 are typically uniform in diameter or width relative to one another, ensuring consistent performance across all arms. As further described above, the distal arms 121, 123 are equipped with a plurality of retention members, which are strategically disposed at periodic intervals along the length of the distal arms 121, 123 to maximize the coupling device's grip on the pickleball.

In some embodiments, the contour of the retention members (e.g., retention members 124a-124e and 125a-125e) may be specifically designed to enhance the gripping capability of the coupling device. Further, the plurality of retention members (e.g., retention members 124a-124e and 125a-125e) may take various forms, including, but not limited to, ridges, ribs, embossments, debossments, flanges, etc. The plurality of retention members may also include specific surface textures or outer surface treatments designed to enhance the tactile interaction between the coupling device and the pickleball, thereby preventing slippage.

In further reference to FIG. 1A, the first distal arm 121 may also include a plurality of troughs disposed between each set of the retention members 124a-124e. For example, the first distal arm 121 may include a first trough 126a positioned between the first retention member 124a and the second retention member 124b, a second trough 126b positioned between the second retention member 124b and the third retention member 124c, a third trough 126c positioned between the third retention member 124c and the fourth retention member 124d, and a fourth trough 126d positioned between the fourth retention member 124d and the fifth retention member 124e. Similarly, the second distal arm 123 may include a first trough 127a positioned between the first retention member 125a and the second retention member 125b, a second trough 127b positioned between the second retention member 125b and the third retention member 125c, a third trough 127c positioned between the third retention member 125c and the fourth retention member 125d, and a fourth trough 127d positioned between the fourth retention member 125d and the fifth retention member 125e.

In further reference to FIG. 1A, the first distal arm 121 may include an associated number of vertically-oriented convex cavity portions 128a-128d positioned underneath each of the plurality of retention members 124a-124e. For example, the first distal arm 121 may include a first vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 128a positioned underneath the first retention member 124a, a second vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 128b positioned underneath the second retention member 124b, a third vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 128c positioned underneath the third retention member 124c, and a fourth vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 128d positioned underneath the fourth retention member 124d. Likewise, the second distal arm 123 may include an associated number of vertically-oriented convex cavity portions 129a-129d positioned underneath each of the plurality of retention members 125a-125e. For example, the second distal arm 123 may include a first vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 129a positioned underneath the first retention member 125a, a second vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 129b positioned underneath the second retention member 125b, a third vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 129c positioned underneath the third retention member 125c, and a fourth vertically-oriented convex cavity portion 129d positioned underneath the fourth retention member 125d. In many embodiments, the vertically-oriented convex cavity portions 128a-128d, 129a-d may taper in height towards the distal coupling joint 132.

In further reference to FIG. 1A, the first distal arm 121 may comprise a plurality of planar stops 130a-130d positioned underneath the plurality of troughs 126a-126d and between the plurality of retention members 124a-124e. For example, the first distal arm 121 may include a first planar stop 130a positioned underneath the first trough 126a, a second planar stop 130b positioned underneath the second trough 126b, a third planar stop 130d positioned underneath the third trough 126c, and a fourth planar stop 130d positioned underneath the fourth trough 126d. Likewise, the second distal arm 123 may include a first planar stop 131a positioned underneath the first trough 127a, a second planar stop 131b positioned underneath the second trough 127b, a third planar stop 131d positioned underneath the third trough 127c, and a fourth planar stop 131d positioned underneath the fourth trough 127d. In many embodiments, opposite planar stops (e.g., the first planar stops 130a and 131a, the second planar stops 130b and 131b, the third planar stops 130c and 131c, and the fourth planar stops 130d and 131) may come together when the distal arms in a compressed state, as further described below. This flat surface design of the planar stops distributes applied forces across a larger area, reducing the likelihood of material fatigue and prolonging the lifespan of the coupling device.

In some embodiments, for manufacturing purposes, the various flat surfaces of the tapered pickleball coupling device may incorporate a 1-2 degree draft angle to facilitate proper injection molding. This design consideration may ensure that the coupling device can be efficiently produced at scale without compromising the precision of the molded features. Further, the elongate members (e.g., the first and second distal arms 121, 123) may be tapered, with the separation distance between them decreasing progressively from the proximal end (i.e., the end attached to the base structure 110) to the distal end ultimately converging at the distal coupling joint 132. The tapering of the distal arms from the proximal to the distal end may enhance the gripping strength when the distal arms are compressed (and released) against the inner surface of the hole of the pickleball.

In further reference to FIG. 1A, the distal coupling joint 132 may be a point at which the elongate members (e.g., the first and second distal arms 121, 123) may converge at the distal end of the coupling device. In many embodiments, the distal coupling joint 132 may be designed to be the leading insertion point when the tapered pickleball coupling device 100 is inserted into a pickleball aperture. Thus, the distal coupling joint 132's structural integrity may be critical, as it should withstand the stresses associated with repeated insertion and removal, ensuring long-term durability.

An elevational side view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1B. As further described above, the tapered pickleball coupling device 100 may include a base structure 110 and a distal structure 120 extending therefrom, as further described above. The distal structure 120 may have a distal end 150 and a proximal end 152. In some embodiments the base structure 110 may include an outer peripheral ridge 114, as further described above. In some embodiments, outer peripheral ridge 114 may include a first outer peripheral ridge 114a that may be disposed on a first planar side surface of the base structure 110 and a second outer peripheral ridge 114b that may be disposed on a second planar side surface of the base structure 110.

In further reference to FIG. 1B, a concave ridge portion 116 and its associated convex cavity portion 122 illustrate how the base structure 110 may have a larger relative thickness dimension than the distal structure 120. In many embodiments, this structural relationship may be advantageous to provide added structural robustness to the base structure 110 and added structural flexibility to the distal structure 120. Further, the distal structure 120 may include one or more distal arms (e.g., the first and second distal arms 121, 123) which may each terminate and join at the distal coupling joint 132 at the distal end 150.

In further reference to FIG. 1B, the base structure 110 may exhibit a larger thickness dimension than either of the first or second distal arms 121, 123, contributing to the overall durability and strength of the coupling device. Further, the length of the base structure 110 may be generally shorter than the length of the distal arms 121, 123, which are designed to flex and compress when inserted into a pickleball. In some embodiments (e.g., a zipper embodiment of the coupling device), the base structure may have a similar thickness to the distal arms. In some embodiments, where a plastic over-molding process is used to reinforce the distal arms, the base structure may have a smaller thickness to the distal arms.

An elevational front view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1C. As further described above, the tapered pickleball coupling device 100 may include a base structure 110 and a distal structure 120 extending therefrom. The distal structure 120 may include a first distal arm 121 having a plurality of retention members 124a-124e that may taper in height towards a distal coupling joint 132, as further described above. Further, the distal structure 120 may include a second distal arm 123 having a plurality of retention members 125a-125e that may also taper in height towards the distal coupling joint 132, as further described above.

An elevational rear view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1D. As further described above, the tapered pickleball coupling device 100 may comprise a base structure 110 having a first outer peripheral ridge 114a that may be disposed on a first planar side surface of the base structure 110 and a second outer peripheral ridge 114b that may be disposed on a second planar side surface of the base structure 110. In addition, the tapered pickleball coupling device 100 may further include a first distal arm 121 having a plurality of retention members 124a-d where the first retention member 124a extends the furthest out and is the only visible retention member of the retention members 124a-d in this rear elevational view of FIG. 1D. Likewise, tapered pickleball coupling device 100 may further include a second distal arm 123 having a plurality of retention members 125a-d where the first retention member 125a extends the furthest out and is the only visible retention member of the retention members 125a-d in this rear elevational view of FIG. 1D.

Although specific tapered pickleball coupling devices having specific components such as specific retention members, troughs, and planar stops are discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1a-1e, any of a variety of components as appropriate to the requirements of a specific application can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention. For example, a tapered pickleball coupling device may include one or more retention members and troughs that are disposed only on one distal arm while a flat surface with no retention members or troughs is disposed on the opposing distal arm. Such a design may slightly decrease the retention strength of the tapered pickleball coupling device but may simplify the design and therefore decrease the manufacturing cost associated therewith. In another example, the base structure itself may be a carabiner or may include a carabiner-like functionality. In such embodiments, the base structure may be a loop and the base structure aperture may be replaced by a gate (e.g., a spring-loaded gate) to quickly and reversibly connect components. Further, the device may be molded in one material such that the base structure may include or replaced by a carabiner, or the device may be molded so that the base structure is molded over a carabiner (e.g., a metal carabiner). Coupling and decoupling of tapered pickleball coupling devices in accordance with embodiments of the invention are discussed further below.

Coupling and Decoupling of Tapered Pickleball Coupling Devices

A process for coupling a tapered pickleball coupling device to a pickleball in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2A. The process 200 may include applying (202) a push force by inserting the tapered pickleball coupling device into an aperture of a pickleball. For example, push force may be applied (202) by inserting the distal end of the distal structure (e.g., the distal coupling joint 132) into the aperture of the pickleball. In some embodiments, the push force may be applied (202) by pushing the pickleball onto the distal end of the distal structure. In some embodiments, the push force may be applied by the combined action of inserting the tapered pickleball coupling device (e.g., using one hand) and pushing the pickleball onto the tapered pickleball coupling device (e.g., using the other hand).

In reference to FIG. 2A, the push force may be turned into a compressive force on the distal arm(s) such as, but not limited to, a first distal arm (e.g., the first distal arm 121) and a second distal arm (e.g., the second distal arm 123). In many embodiments, the compressive force on the first and second distal arms may compress the distal arms inwards. In various embodiments, the application of the compression force on the distal arms may transition the tapered pickleball coupling device from a relaxed state (see FIG. 4a) to a compressed state (see FIG. 4b). The process 200 may also include inserting (204) the distal structure (and/or pushing the pickleball) past at least one set of opposing retention members.

As described herein, the distance between the outer edge of first and second distal arms taper from the proximal end to the distal end of the distal arms. Thus, the distance between any two opposing structures also tapers from the proximal end to the distal end of the distal structure. For example, the distance between the first opposing retention members 124a, 125a is greater than the distance between the second opposing retention members 124b, 125b, which is greater than the distance between the third opposing retention members 124c, 125c, which is greater than the distance between the fourth opposing retention members 124d, 125d, which is greater than the distance between the fifth opposing retention members 124e, 125e, and so on. Likewise, the distance between the first opposing troughs 126a, 127a is greater than the distance between the second opposing troughs 126a, 127b, which is greater than the distance between the third opposing troughs 126c, 127c, which is greater than the distance between the fourth opposing troughs 126d, 127d, and so on. Similarly, the distance between the first opposing planar stops 130a, 131a is greater than the distance between the second opposing planar stops 130b, 131b, which is greater than the distance between the third opposing planar stops 130c, 131c, which is greater than the distance between the fourth opposing planar stops 130d, 131d, and so on.

In many embodiments, the application of the compression force may narrow the width between the opposing components (e.g., between the opposing retention members, between the opposing troughs, and between the opposing planar stops). Further, the application of the compression force may reduce (during transition from relaxed to fully compressed) and/or eliminate (when fully compressed) the tapering effect thereby allowing the distal structure to continue its insertion (204) further into the aperture of the pickleball.

In further reference to FIG. 2A, the process 200 may include releasing (206) the compressing force by trapping the ball in a set of opposing troughs. For example, once the pushing force (202) on the ball overcomes the force required to compress the first and second distal arms (i.e., overcomes a spring force of a set of opposing retention members) and the pickleball goes past the set of opposing retention members, then the first and second distal arms may return to a relaxed state when the compression force releases (206) leaving the ball trapped in a set of opposing troughs.

The process 200 may also include determining (208) whether the tapered pickleball coupling device is in a coupled configuration with the pickleball. For example, a coupled configuration may be achieved when the aperture of the pickleball is trapped within a set of opposing troughs and supported by opposing retention members on the outside of the pickleball and opposing retention members on the inside of the pickleball. Typically, due to the tapering structure of the coupling device, the opposing retention members supporting on the outsider of the pickleball would be have a greater width than the opposing retention members supporting the inner side of the pickleball thereby providing further retention advantages of the coupling device.

In further reference to FIG. 2A, when it is determined (208) that the tapered pickleball coupling device is not in the coupled configuration with the pickleball, then the process 200 may return to applying (202) push force, further inserting (204) the distal structure into the aperture, and releasing (206) the compressing force. When it is determined (208) that the tapered pickleball coupling device is in the coupled configuration with the pickleball, the process 200 may complete.

A process for decoupling a tapered pickleball coupling device from a pickleball in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2B. The process 250 may include applying (252) a pull force by pulling the tapered pickleball coupling device from an aperture of a pickleball. For example, pull force may be applied (252) by pulling the distal structure (e.g., the distal structure 120) from the aperture of the pickleball. In some embodiments, the pull force may be applied (252) by pulling the pickleball from the coupling device. In some embodiments, the pull force may be applied by the combined action of pulling the coupling device (e.g., using one hand) and pulling the pickleball (e.g., using the other hand).

In reference to FIG. 2B, the pull force may be turned into a compressive force on the distal arm(s) such as, but not limited to, a first distal arm (e.g., the first distal arm 121) and a second distal arm (e.g., the second distal arm 123). In many embodiments, the compressive force on the first and second distal arms may compress the distal arms inwards. In various embodiments, the application of the compression force on the distal arms may transition the tapered pickleball coupling device from a relaxed state (see FIG. 4a) to a compressed state (see FIG. 4b). The process 250 may also include pulling (254) the distal structure (and/or pulling the pickleball) past at least one set of opposing retention members.

In many embodiments, the application of the compression force may narrow the width between the opposing components (e.g., between the opposing retention members, between the opposing troughs, and between the opposing planar stops). Further, the application of the compression force may reduce (during transition from relaxed to fully compressed) and/or eliminate (when fully compressed) the tapering effect thereby allowing the distal structure to be pulled (254) from the aperture of the pickleball.

In further reference to FIG. 2B, the process 250 may include releasing (256) the compressing force. For example, once the pull force (252) may overcome the force required to compress the first and second distal arms (i.e., overcomes a spring force of a set of opposing retention members) and the pickleball may be pulled past a set of opposing retention members, whereby returning the first and second distal arms to a relaxed state. In the relaxed state, the compression forces may be released (256).

The process 250 may also include determining (258) whether the tapered pickleball coupling device and the pickleball have successfully decoupled. For example, a successful decoupling may occur when the pickleball is fully removed from the tapered pickleball coupling device. When it is determined (258) that the tapered pickleball coupling device is not fully decoupled, then the process 250 may return to applying (252) the pull force, further pulling (254) the distal structure from the pickleball, and releasing (256) the compressing force. When it is determined (258) that the tapered pickleball coupling device and the pickleball are successfully decoupled, the process 250 may complete.

An elevational view of a plurality of tapered pickleball coupling devices each in a coupled configuration with a pickleball in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. The elevational view 300 illustrates a first tapered pickleball coupling device 310a in a coupled configuration with a first pickleball 311a, a second tapered pickleball coupling device 310b in a coupled configuration with a second pickleball 311b, and a third tapered pickleball coupling device 310c in a coupled configuration with a third pickleball 311c. For example, the third tapered pickleball coupling device 310c may be inserted via the aperture 312 of the third pickleball 311c.

As further described herein, a tapered pickleball coupling device may be inserted into an aperture of a pickleball, where the size of the aperture may determine to what degree the tapered pickleball couple device is inserted into the pickleball. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the first tapered coupling device 310a is further inserted into the first pickleball 311a than the third tapered coupling device 310c is inserted into the third pickleball 311c, which is further inserted than the second tapered coupling device 310b is inserted into the second pickleball 311b. For example, each of the tapered pickleball coupling devices 310a-310c is inserted through their respective aperture to varying degrees such that the distal structures of the tapered pickleball coupling devices 310a-310c fit their respective aperture, as further described herein.

In further reference to FIG. 3, the tapered pickleball coupling devices may be attached to various retention devices 340 such, as but not limited to, a carabineer, zipper, etc., as further described below. In many embodiments, the tapered pickleball coupling device may be attached to the various retention device via the base structure aperture (e.g., the base structure aperture 331). For example, the retention device 340 may include one or more coupling aperture(s) 330 where a secondary attachment mechanism such as, but not limited to, a key ring 333 may connect the base structure aperture 331 of the tapered pickleball coupling device with the retention device 340.

A perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in a relaxed state 401 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4A. The tapered pickleball coupling device 400 may include a base structure 410 and a distal structure 420 extending therefrom. As further described above, the distal structure 420 may include a first distal arm 422 and a second distal arm 424 each having a plurality of retention members, a plurality of troughs, and a plurality of planar stops as further described above. In the relaxed state 401, opposing planar stops may have an air gap between them. For example, first distal arm 422 may include a plurality of planar stops including a first planar stop 426 and the second distal arm 424 may include a plurality of planar stops including a first planar stop 428. The opposing planar stops (e.g., the first planar stops 426, 428 of the first and second distal arms 422, 424, respectively) may have an air gap between them allowing for inward flexure of the first and second distal arms 422, 424 during insertion of the tapered pickleball coupling device 400 into a pickleball aperture, as further described herein.

A perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in a fully compressed state 403 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4B. In the fully compressed stated 403, the opposing planar stops (e.g., the first planar stops 426, 428 of the first and second distal arms 422, 424, respectively) may be positioned to be in contact 430 with one another. In the compressed state 403, the opposing planar stops (e.g., the first planar stops 426, 428) may act as a structural buffer against further inward flexure of the first and second distal arms 426, 428 during insertion into the pickleball aperture, as further described herein. Such a structural configuration would be advantageous in preventing over flexure of the first and second distal arms 422, 424 which could otherwise structurally compromise the distal arms during repeated use.

Although specific coupling and decoupling of tapered pickleball coupling devices are discussed above with respect to FIGS. 2A-4, any of a variety of coupling and decoupling of tapered pickleball coupling devices as appropriate to the requirements of a specific application can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Tapered pickleball coupling devices for zippers in accordance with embodiments of the invention are discussed further below.

Tapered Pickleball Coupling Devices for Zippers

A tapered pickleball coupling device may be configured to attached to, or include, a zipper head. A perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device attached to a zipper head in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5A. As further described above, the tapered pickleball coupling device 500 may include a base structure 510 and a distal structure 520 having a first and second distal arms. In many embodiments, the distal structure 520 (e.g., the first and second arms) may include the various components such as, but not limited to, retention members, troughs, planar stops, etc.

In reference to FIG. 5A, the tapered pickleball coupling device 500 may include and/or be attached to a zipper head 530 having a zipper body 532, a zipper aperture 534, and a retention tab 536. In various embodiments, the base structure 510 may be connected to the zipper head 530. For example, the base structure 510 may include a base structure aperture 512 that attaches to the retention tab 536. In some embodiments, the base structure aperture 512 may loop onto the retention tab 536 via the zipper aperture 534 that may be open. In some embodiments, the zipper aperture 534 may be sealed and/or closed after the base structure 510 is connected to the zipper head 530.

In further reference to FIG. 5A, the zipper head 530 may be utilized as a slider body to open and close the zipper 540. In addition, the base and/or distal structures 510, 520 may be utilized as a pull tab to move the zipper head 530 in operating the zipper 540. The tapered pickleball coupling device 500 may couple and decouple with a pickleball, as further described above.

A perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device attached to a zipper head and in a coupled configuration with through an aperture in a pickleball in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5B. As further described above, the tapered pickleball coupling device 550 may include a distal structure 552, a base structure 554 that may be attached to a zipper head 560. The zipper head 560 may operate a zipper of a peripheral devices such as, but not limited to, a bag 562. As further described above, the distal structure 552 may be inserted into one of the apertures 570 of the pickleball and the retention members and troughs may support the tapered pickleball coupling device 550 retain the pickleball via one of the apertures 570.

Although specific tapered pickleball coupling devices for zippers are discussed above with respect to FIGS. 5A-5B, any of a variety of tapered pickleball coupling devices for zippers as appropriate to the requirements of a specific application can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Additional examples of tapered pickleball coupling devices in accordance with embodiments of the invention are further described below.

Additional Examples of Tapered Pickleball Coupling Devices

As described above, tapered pickleball coupling devices may include a distal structure having one or more distal arms. In other embodiments, tapered pickleball coupling devices may have distal structures having one or more tapered support rods with one or more flanges for coupling and decoupling with a pickleball, as further described below.

An elevational rear perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6A. The tapered pickleball coupling device 600 may include a base structure 610 and a distal structure 620 extending therefrom. In some embodiments, the base structure 610 may include a gripping structure 612 having a planar rear surface 614 with a contoured first joint 616a. In some embodiments, a second contoured joint 616b may be disposed between the gripping structure 612 and a first tapered support rod portion 622a. In some embodiments, the base structure 610 and/or the gripping structure 612 may include a base structure aperture 618 disposed therethrough.

In further reference to FIG. 6A, the distal structure 620 may include a plurality of tapered support rod portions (e.g., a first, second, third, fourth, and a fifth tapered support rod portions, 622a-622e) that are respectively separated by a plurality of retention members each having a rear flange surface (e.g., a first, second, third, and fourth rear flange surfaces, 624a-624d) and a front flange surface (e.g., a first, second, third, and fourth front flange surfaces, 626a-626d) extending in a tapering manner from each of the rear flange surfaces 624a-624d. In some embodiments, the front flange surfaces 626a-626d may comprise a larger and more dramatic taper dimension than the plurality of tapered support rod portions 622a-622e. Such a structural relationship may be advantages in providing optimal retention capability in the flanges while the tapered support rod portions 622a-622e comprise a smaller taper dimension in order to maintain the structural robustness thereof.

A cross-sectional elevational rear perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6B. In some embodiments, the tapered pickleball coupling device 600 may include a gripping structure 612 having a plurality of gripping structure portions (e.g., a first, second, third, and fourth gripping structure portions 612a-612d) that may be at least partially over-molded by structural elements of the distal structure 620. For example, the tapered support rod portions 622a-622e, rear flange surfaces 624a-624d, and front flange surfaces 626a-626d may be molded onto the plurality of gripping structure portions 612a-612d.

A perspective view of a tapered pickleball coupling device being inserted into an aperture of a pickleball in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6C. The tapered pickleball coupling device 600 may comprise a base structure 610 and a distal structure 620 extending therefrom, as further described above. In various embodiments, the distal structure 620 may be inserted into one of the holes of the pickleball 630. In many embodiments, depending on the size of the hole of the pickleball 630 may determine how far into the hole the distal structure 620 is inserted into the hole. For example, the larger the hole is, the further the distal structure 620 may need to be inserted into the hole for retention. In many embodiments, one or more of the front flange surfaces (e.g., one of the front flange surfaces 626a-d) may be inserted into the hole and the respective rear flange surface (e.g., one of the rear flange surfaces 624a-d) may act as the retention mechanism. When the tapered pickleball retention device 600 in retained, the tapered pickleball coupling device 600 may be in a coupled configuration with the pickleball 630.

Although specific tapered pickleball coupling devices using support rods and flanges are discussed above with respect to FIGS. 6A-C, any of a variety of tapered pickleball coupling devices as appropriate to the requirements of a specific application can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Materials and manufacturing considerations in accordance with embodiments of the invention are discussed further below.

Materials and Manufacturing Considerations

As further described above, material and manufacturing considerations may be important for determining the parameters of functionality of tapered pickleball coupling devices. For example, the material may be an important factor in determining the spring coefficient of the plurality of distal arms with a tapered pickleball coupling device.

FIGS. 7A-B are graphs illustrating elastic modulus of various materials as a function of temperature in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Similar considerations may be of flexural modulus (or other material properties). The graphs 700 and 750 seem to indicate that PA12 may be the best at retaining its springiness in all environments.

In many embodiments, the material selection for the base structure and/or the distal arms may be crucial for ensuring the coupling device's performance under repeated use in various environmental conditions. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, nylon, low-density and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic vulcanizates, and other polyamides and the like. These materials may be chosen for their ability to undergo repeated elastic deformation while maintaining their structural integrity and functionality.

In some embodiments, use of Nylon 12, Polybutylene Terephthalate, or Polyketone may be preferred as fabrication material options because they each offer distinct advantages in terms of durability, environmental resistance, and mechanical properties. Specifically, Nylon 12 is particularly beneficial due to its low moisture absorption and excellent dimensional stability, which ensure that the coupling device maintains consistent performance in varying humidity levels and outdoor conditions. It also has good impact resistance and flexibility, making it ideal for repeated deformation during use. Polybutylene Terephthalate provides high rigidity and excellent resistance to chemicals and UV exposure, enhancing the coupling device's longevity in outdoor environments. Polybutylene Terephthalate's low creep and high fatigue resistance are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the coupling device under long-term stress. Polyketone offers a unique balance of strength, wear resistance, and low friction, along with superior chemical resistance and toughness. Its low water absorption and dimensional stability in fluctuating temperatures make it particularly well-suited for outdoor applications where the coupling device will be exposed to temperature extremes. Each of these materials provides a robust solution, ensuring the coupling device performs reliably and maintains its structural integrity over extended periods of outdoor use.

In some embodiments, polyoxymethylene (POM), commonly known as Delrin®, may alternatively be used as the fabrication material for the distal arms. Delrin® is generally stronger and stiffer than standard nylons, offering excellent tensile strength and resilience to physical impacts. Its low friction and excellent wear resistance make it ideal for applications where the coupling device will be subject to constant movement. However, Delrin® has a lower thermal expansion rate compared to nylon and exhibits very low moisture absorption, contributing to its dimensional stability under varying environmental conditions.

Despite its advantages, Delrin® may also presents some challenges. It has poor natural UV resistance and can degrade when exposed to sunlight unless specially stabilized. Additionally, it tends to be more expensive than nylon and can be more challenging to process due to its sensitivity to high temperatures during manufacturing. Therefore, the choice of material for the tapered pickleball coupling device should balance these factors based on the intended use environment and cost considerations.

In alternative embodiments, the distal arms and other components of the coupling device may be fabricated from metals such as aluminum, steel alloys, titanium, brass, copper, or zinc alloys. These materials offer enhanced strength and durability, particularly in the zipper embodiment of the coupling device, where metal components may be preferred. Manufacturing methods for these materials may include casting, machining, stamping, or 3D printing, depending on the desired properties and production volume.

In some embodiments, tapered pickleball coupling device may comprise a uniform thickness for ease of manufacture. In some embodiments, the tapered pickleball coupling device may comprise an over-molding of material (e.g., nylon material) over a metal frame structure in regard to its fabrication materials, in which case, there may not be a uniform thickness with the over-molded material.

For environments where extreme conditions may cause traditional flexible materials to degrade over time, the coupling device's materials may be enhanced with additives or coatings. High-performance thermoplastics such as polyether ether ketone, polyimide, and polyoxymethylene, along with thermoplastic elastomers like silicone-based TPEs, may be used to improve resistance to temperature extremes and UV radiation. However, these materials may not always exhibit the ideal flexibility required for the coupling device's function.

In some embodiments, additional protective solutions may include UV protective coatings, thermal barrier coatings, and moisture barrier coatings. These coatings can be applied to the coupling device to extend its service life by protecting against environmental factors. For example, UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers can be added to the fabrication polymer or applied as a coating, while ceramic coatings and elastomeric paints can provide thermal insulation. Silicone and epoxy coatings offer moisture resistance, further enhancing the coupling device's robustness.

In some embodiments, the fabrication polymer may also be compounded with additives such as carbon fibers to increase strength and reduce creep. Other additives may include glass fibers for enhanced tensile strength, ethylene-propylene rubber or acrylate rubbers to prevent brittleness, and UV stabilizers to protect against sunlight-induced degradation. These materials and additives ensure that the coupling device remains functional and durable across a wide range of environmental conditions.

In some embodiments, nylon grades such as nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 6/10, and nylon 6/12 may offer different moisture absorption levels and mechanical properties, making them suitable for various applications. Nylon 11 and nylon 12, derived from bio-based sources, exhibit very low moisture absorption and are often used in high-performance coatings and flexible tubing. However, nylon 11 and 12 are typically more expensive due to their raw material costs and limited global production capacity.

In some embodiments, suitable candidates may include nylon 11 and 12, given their low moisture absorption and excellent dimensional stability. However, these materials would still benefit from the addition of UV stabilizers, impact modifiers, and reinforcing agents like glass or carbon fibers. These additives can enhance the mechanical properties and environmental resistance of the coupling device, ensuring long-term durability and performance.

In some embodiments, other additives that may be considered include heat stabilizers, antioxidants, hydrolysis inhibitors, and nucleating agents. Heat stabilizers such as organophosphites and hindered phenols can extend the life of the material under chronic thermal loads. Antioxidants may slow oxidative aging, while hydrolysis inhibitors like carbodiimides prevent the breakdown of the polymer backbone due to moisture exposure. Nucleating agents such as sodium benzoate can promote uniform crystallite formation during fabrication, providing moderate benefits to mechanical and thermal properties.

In some embodiments, the force retention range for the coupling device may be between 1-2 pounds (4.45 to 8.9 Newtons) at the lower limit and 6-7 pounds (26.7 to 31.2 Newtons) at the upper limit. This range may ensure that the pickleball remains securely attached during normal activities while still allowing for easy removal by users of varying physical strength. The retention force should be optimized to balance security and ease of use, particularly for children and seniors.

In some embodiments, the coupling device may incorporate advanced features such as geotags (RFID, NFC, BLE) for tracking or luminescent materials like strontium aluminate for visibility in low-light conditions. These features enhance the functionality of the coupling device, making it easier to locate and track during use. The periodicity, height, curvature, and separation of the retention members may be finely tuned to optimize performance, ensuring that the coupling device meets the needs of a wide range of users and environmental conditions.

While the above description contains many specific embodiments of the invention, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an example of one embodiment thereof. It is therefore to be understood that the present invention may be practiced otherwise than specifically described, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.