HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUSES AND METHOD FOR MAKING AND USING SAME

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to and the benefits of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 63/683,808 filed Aug. 16, 2024 (16 Aug. 2024), 63/734,637 filed Dec. 16, 2024 (16 Dec. 2024), 63/814,293 filed May 29, 2025 (29 May 2025), and 63/828,115 filed Jun. 22, 2025 (22 Jun. 2025).

The following U.S. Pat. No. 11,248,814 issued Feb. 15, 2022 (15 Feb. 2022) and 11,982,466 issued May 14, 2024 (14 May 2024) and United States Published Application Number 20240191890 published Jun. 13, 2024 (13 Jun. 2024), are incorporated by reference per the Closing Paragraph.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

1. Field of the Disclosure

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to residential structure heating and cooling apparatuses or systems and methods implementing them, the residential structure heating and cooling apparatuses or systems including an airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container or an airtight or essentially airtight attic made airtight or essentially airtight by a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member and airtight or essentially airtight attic entries, wherein the airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container or the airtight or essentially airtight attic comprises an air mixing volume.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to commercial structure heating and cooling apparatuses or systems and methods implementing them, the residential structure heating and cooling apparatuses or systems including an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container or an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space made airtight or essentially airtight by a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member and airtight or essentially airtight overhead space entries, wherein the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container or the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space comprises an air mixing volume.

In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to residential or commercial structure heating and cooling apparatuses or systems including: (a) one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning assemblies or subsystems, (b) one or more outside air supply assemblies or subsystems; (c) one or more air mixing assemblies or subsystems including an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space box or container or an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space by a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member and airtight or essentially airtight attic entries; (d) one or more air distribution assemblies or subsystems; and (e) one or more optional energy recovery ventilator assemblies or subsystems.

In certain embodiments, the residential or commercial structure heating and cooling apparatuses or systems including exterior wall air passageways, window air passageways, optional interior wall air passageways, exterior wall insulation assemblies or subsystems, and option interior wall insulation assemblies or subsystems.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, apparatuses, and methods for reducing, inhibiting, or eliminating water and/or moisture and/or their accumulation and/or mold growth in exterior walls or exterior and interior walls of habitable and business structures.

In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, apparatuses, and methods for reducing, inhibiting, or eliminating water and/or moisture and/or their accumulation and/or mold growth in exterior walls or exterior and interior walls of habitable and business structures, wherein each of the exterior walls and optionally each of the interior walls includes a structural insulation form or construct disposed in the interior of each of the exterior walls or optionally in each of the interior walls and an air passageway or pathway supporting air flow through the walls and out of exhaust ports in a bottom of each of the exterior walls or optionally each of the interior walls.

2. Description of the Related Art

Previously, I presented a system and method for inhibiting moisture and mold in an outer wall structure, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,247,090B2, 11,248,814B2, and 11,982,466B2. I now present systems, apparatuses, and methods for reducing, inhibiting, or eliminating water and/or moisture penetration and/or accumulation in internal and external walls via an interior structural insulation form or construct supporting water existing pathways, air pathways, and water and air exhausting pathways. I now also residential or commercial structure heating and cooling apparatuses or systems including: (a) a heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning assembly or subsystem, (b) an outside air supply assembly or subsystem; (c) an air mixing assembly or subsystem; (d) an air distribution assembly or subsystem; and (e) an optional energy recovery ventilator assembly or subsystem, which may include internal and external walls including an interior structural insulation form or construct supporting air pathways or passageways, moisture pathways or passageways, water pathways or passageways, or any combination thereof that are exhausted through exhaust outlets, ports, or weep holes located in the bottoms of the walls and connected to the pathways or passageways.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Embodiments of present disclosure provide residential or commercial structure apparatuses or systems and methods implementing them, the apparatuses or systems include heating and cooling apparatuses or systems including: (a) one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning assemblies or subsystems, (b) one or more outside air supply assemblies or subsystems; (c) one or more air mixing assemblies or subsystems including an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space box or container or an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space by a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member and airtight or essentially airtight attic entries; (d) one or more air distribution assemblies or subsystems; and (e) one or more optional energy recovery ventilator assemblies or subsystems.

In certain embodiments, the heating and cooling apparatuses or systems include: an outside air supply assembly or subsystem; a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning assembly or subsystem; an airtight or essentially airtight air mixing assembly or subsystem; an optional energy recovery ventilator assembly or subsystem; and an air distribution assembly or subsystem. The air distribution assembly or subsystem may also include exterior wall air passageways, window air passageways, optional interior wall air passageways, exterior wall insulation structure assemblies or subsystems, option interior wall insulation structure assemblies or subsystems, or any combination thereof.

Embodiments of present disclosure provide apparatuses and systems including a wall apparatus or system comprising an outer wall assembly, an inner component assembly, a structural insulation form or construct and wall air passageways interposed therebetween, and air exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes. The wall apparatus or system may be incorporated in exterior walls, interior walls, or any combination thereof. The apparatuses and systems also include a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning unit (HVDAC) adapted to supply conditioned air to the air passageways. The apparatuses and systems also include control valves, nozzles, and a size and a spacing of exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes associated with the walls for controlling amounts and air flow into and through the passageways, wherein the conditioned air flow is designed to dry, to reduce moisture accumulation, and/or to inhibit mold growth in exterior walls or exterior and interior walls. The air passageways are adapted to remove water, water vapor, and moisture from exterior walls or exterior walls and interior walls. The apparatuses and systems may also include window air passageways adapted to receive the conditioned air for removing water, water vapor, and moisture in exterior windows. Of course, any interior windows may also include air passageways removing water, water vapor, and moisture in interior windows; provided, however, that the interior windows are capable of incorporating an air passageway such as double pane windows, etc.

Embodiments of present disclosure provide methods of drying, inhibiting moisture accumulation, or controlling moisture by supplying an conditioned air to the wall apparatuses or systems described above.

Embodiments of present disclosure also provide apparatuses and systems including (a) one or more heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) assemblies or subsystems having conduits, control valves, optional nozzles, physical sensors, chemical sensors, other air distribution fittings or fixtures, or any combination thereof, and (b) a wall assembly or system including a plurality of exterior and interior walls, each of the plurality of exterior walls has an outer wall member, an inner component member, a structural insulation form, construct, or member interposed therebetween, and wall air passageways, and air exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes air passageways adapted to the exhaust the conditioned air from the wall air passageways. In certain embodiments, each of the plurality of interior walls has an outer wall member, an inner component member, a structural insulation form, construct, or member interposed therebetween, and wall air passageways, and air exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes air passageways adapted to the exhaust the conditioned air from the wall air passageways. In certain embodiments, sizes and spacings of the air exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes associated with the walls and passageways are further adapted to assist in amounts air flowing out of the passageways. The conditioned air flow reduces or eliminates moisture accumulation, and/or inhibits mold growth in exterior walls or exterior and interior walls and/or maintain a substantially uniform temperature in the structure throughout the day. The methods implementing the apparatuses and systems include supplying conditioned air into the flow passageway by the HVAC unit controlled by valves and/or nozzles to dry or reduce or inhibit moisture accumulation in the walls, to maintain a certain moisture content in the walls, and/or to maintain a substantially uniform temperature in interior spaces in the structure as well as maintaining air flow and air quality in the interior spaces.

Again, the air passageways or pathways may include valves and nozzles for controlling air flow into the passageways or pathways and the sizes, number, and spacing of weep holes or air outlets associated with the passageways and pathways control the flow of air out of the passageways or pathways. It should also be recognized that the valves may be “active” or “passive”, wherein the term passive means that the valves are one-way valves allowing flow into the passageways and pathways, but not out of the passageways or pathways, and wherein the term active means that the valves actively control the flow of air into the passageways or pathways. Again, the size, number and spacing of the passageway or pathway outlets along with valves ultimately control the air flow rate through the passageways or pathways.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure may be better understood with reference to the following detailed description together with the appended illustrative drawings in which like elements are numbered the same:

Heating and Cooling Apparatuses and Systems

FIGS. 1A-D depict embodiments of an attic or overhead space based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem.

FIGS. 2A-D depict embodiments of an attic or overhead space based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (pHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a secondary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (sHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem.

FIGS. 3A-D depict embodiments of an attic or overhead space based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem.

FIGS. 4A-D depict embodiments of an attic or overhead space based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (pHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a secondary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (sHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem.

FIGS. 5A-D depict embodiments of a small residential structure attic based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem.

FIGS. 6A-D depict embodiments of a small residential structure attic based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (pHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a secondary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (sHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem.

FIGS. 7A-C depicts an embodiment of a commercial structure overhead space based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, an HVDAC assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem for a large residential structure, wherein the attic is essentially airtight and has a higher pressure than the interior spaces.

FIGS. 8A-C depict embodiments of a commercial structure overhead space based air heating and conditioning (HC) apparatus or system including an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem, an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a primary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (pHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, a secondary heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (sHVDAC) assembly or subsystem, and an air distribution assembly or subsystem.

Wall Assemblies and Subsystems Including Insulating Forms and Air Passageways

FIGS. 9A-D depict foundation at the wall views of embodiments of an exterior wall assembly of this disclosure.

FIGS. 10A-D depict gable roof at the wall views of embodiments of an exterior wall assembly of this disclosure.

FIGS. 11A-G depict roof at the wall with ventilation plenum views of embodiments of an exterior wall assembly of this disclosure.

FIGS. 12A-D depict window at the wall views of an embodiment of an exterior wall assembly of this disclosure.

FIGS. 13A-D depicts door at the wall views of an embodiment of an exterior wall assembly of this disclosure.

FIG. 14 depicts a prior art wall or building structure.

FIG. 15 depicts a first embodiment of a wall or building structure of this disclosure.

FIG. 16 depicts a second embodiment of a wall or building structure of this disclosure.

FIGS. 17A&B depict expanded views of wall embodiments of this disclosure.

FIG. 18A depicts a third embodiment of a wall or building structure of this disclosure.

FIG. 18B depicts a fourth embodiment of a wall or building structure of this disclosure.

FIG. 19A depicts a first embodiment of a multistory building structure of this disclosure.

FIG. 19B depicts a second embodiment of a multistory building structure of this disclosure.

FIG. 19C depicts a third embodiment of a multistory building structure of this disclosure.

FIGS. 20A&B depict an embodiment of a peer and beam structure of this disclosure.

FIGS. 21A-D depict four embodiments of wall air distribution systems of this disclosure.

FIGS. 22A-C depict three other embodiments of wall air distribution systems of this disclosure.

FIG. 23 depicts a fifth embodiment of a wall or building structure of this disclosure.

FIGS. 24A&B depict expanded views of embodiments of outer wall assemblies of this disclosure, with sensors and a sprayer.

FIGS. 25A&B depict expanded views of embodiments of outer wall assemblies of this disclosure, with sensors and a sprayer.

FIG. 26 depicts a control system of this disclosure.

FIGS. 27A-C depict three views of a window installation having an air flow pathway between the exterior and interior window panes, whether single exterior and interior pane windows or double exterior and interior pane windows.

FIGS. 28A-I depict view of embodiments of wall assembly or system insulation constructs of this disclosure.

Experimental Data for Heating and Cooling Apparatuses or Systems

FIG. 29 depicts a plot of recirculated air CFM versus temperature for T cooled air, RH cooled air, T heated air, and RH heated air for FIGS. 1A-8C.

FIG. 30 depicts another plot of recirculated air CFM versus temperature for T cooled air, RH cooled air, T heated air, and RH heated air for FIGS. 1A-8C.

DEFINITIONS USED IN THE DISCLOSURE

The term “at least one” means one or more or one or a plurality, additionally, these three terms may be used interchangeably within this application. For example, at least one device means one or more devices or one device and a plurality of devices.

The term “one or a plurality” means one item or a plurality of items.

The term “about” means that a value of a given quantity is within ±20% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±15% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±10% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±2.5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±1% of the stated value.

The term “substantially” means that a value of a given quantity is within ±5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±2.5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±2% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±1% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±0.1% of the stated value.

The term “substantially air tight” or “essentially air tight” means that the amount of air entering an enclosed space such as an attic space is air tight with respect to outside air coming into the enclosed space from sources other than the main outside air inlet conduit (the other outside air) is less than or equal to 20%. In certain embodiments, the other outside air entering the enclosed space is less than or equal to 15%. In certain embodiments, the other outside air entering the enclosed space is less than or equal to 10%. In certain embodiments, the other outside air entering the enclosed space is less than or equal to 5%. In certain embodiments, the other outside air entering the enclosed space is less than or equal to 2.5%.

The term “air quality” here means maintaining, in all interior spaces, air flow, moisture content, temperature, oxygen content, carbon dioxide content, carbon monoxide contents at desired levels.

The term “fully conditioned air” means air exiting an HVAC system having certain properties of temperature and pressure as well as a desired air quality.

The term “outside air” means external or environmental air, i.e., external air or air from outside of a residential or commercial building or structure.

The term “returning interior space air” or “returning inner space air” means air being returned to the air mixing assembly or subsystem.

The term “mixed air” means air produced by mixing outside air, fully conditioned air, and returning interior space air.

The term “exhaust air” means air being discharged or vented from a residential or commercial building or structure to the surroundings or outside.

The term “ERV unit” means energy recovery ventilator unit, which generate electric power from exhaust air being exhausted from a pressurized inner space or pressurized attic space or a pressurized mixing unit.

The term “HVAC” means a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning assembly or subsystem, which generally includes a furnace, cooling coils, and blower along with the electronic and electrical components that control the unit.

The term “HVDAC” means a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning assembly or subsystem, which generally includes a furnace, cooling coils, a dehumidifier, and a blower along with the electronic and electrical components that control the unit.

The term “AM” means a substantially air tight enclosed space mixing assembly or subsystem in which outside air is mixed with fully condensed air and returning interior air to form the mixed air within the AM assembly or subsystem.

The term “AD” means an air distribution assembly or subsystem in distributes air to and from the AM assembly or subsystem to the other assemblies or subsystems and to the interior spaces and exhausting air to the surroundings.

The term “open cell spray foam insulation” is one of two types of spray polyurethane foam. Open cell gets its name from its open cell structure. That porous cell structure creates a flexible foam with unique benefits, which we will explore in this article. Open-cell spray foam is similar to closed-cell in nature but has a lesser R-value than closed cell foam insulation. While most closed-cell spray foams will be above 6.0 per inch, open-cell is much lower at 3.6 to 3.8 per inch range. Open cell will expand as soon as it's applied, making it the perfect foam for hard to reach areas. Those nooks and crannies can easily be filled with an open-cell foam. However, open-cell spray foam isn't as water resistant as closed-cell. The lighter quality of this foam provides less support for walls, is permeable to vapor and air, and will lower noise frequency ranges.

The term “closed-cell polyurethane spray foam” is known to be the most common of the two. A foam is considered a “closed” cell due to its high R-value. The R-value is the material's capacity to insulate and resist heat flow. The higher the R-value results in greater insulation. Due to its high resistance, closed-cell spray foams can help resist water from seeping into the insulation, which creates moisture build-up. Moisture build-up will promote bacterial and mold growth, something you do not want inside your walls. Since closed-cell spray foam is a denser material, it is meant to insulate buildings and appliances. It helps to insulate the air within (and outside) of the insulated object, prevents mold growth, and can even strengthen the wall.

The term “loose fill insulation” means any insulation that is either loose such as blown in loose insulation or spun fiber insulation sold in rolls.

The term “gable roof” means a roof consisting of two sections whose upper horizontal edges meet to form its ridge.

The term “HIP roof” or “hipped roof” means a type of roof where all sides slope downwards to the walls, usually with a fairly gentle slope, with variants including tented roofs and others. Thus, a hipped roof has no gables or other vertical sides to the roof.

The term “Halon” means a halocarbon or a hydrocarbon having one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, iodine atoms, or any combination thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

The inventor has found that new systems, apparatuses, and methods may be constructed and implemented for residential or commercial structure apparatuses or systems and methods implementing them, the systems or apparatuses include a heating and cooling apparatus or system for residential structures or commercial structures, wherein, except for the exterior units, the heating and cooling apparatus or system is disposed in the attic of residential structures or the overhead space of commercial structure. The heating and cooling apparatus or system includes: an outside air supply assembly or subsystem; one or more heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assemblies or subsystems, each of the HVDAC assemblies or subsystems including a coolant compressor unit and an interior HVDAC unit; an airtight or essentially airtight air mixing assembly or subsystem; an optional energy recovery ventilator assembly or subsystem; and an air distribution assembly or subsystem. The air distribution assembly or subsystem may also include exterior wall air passageways, window air passageways, optional interior wall air passageways, exterior wall insulation structure assemblies or subsystems, and option interior wall insulation structure assemblies or subsystems.

Embodiments of present disclosure broadly relate to residential or commercial structure apparatuses or systems and methods implementing them, the apparatuses or systems include heating and cooling apparatuses or systems including: (a) one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning assemblies or subsystems, (b) one or more outside air supply assemblies or subsystems; (c) one or more air mixing assemblies or subsystems including an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space box or container or an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space by a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member and airtight or essentially airtight attic entries; (d) one or more air distribution assemblies or subsystems; and (e) one or more optional energy recovery ventilator assemblies or subsystems.

In certain embodiments, the heating and cooling apparatuses or systems include: an outside air supply assembly or subsystem; a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning assembly or subsystem; an airtight or essentially airtight air mixing assembly or subsystem; an optional energy recovery ventilator assembly or subsystem; and an air distribution assembly or subsystem. The air distribution assembly or subsystem may also include exterior wall air passageways, window air passageways, optional interior wall air passageways, exterior wall insulation structure assemblies or subsystems, option interior wall insulation structure assemblies or subsystems, or any combination thereof.

Embodiments of present disclosure broadly relate apparatuses and systems including a wall apparatus or system comprising an outer wall assembly, an inner component assembly, a structural insulation form or construct and wall air passageways interposed therebetween, and air exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes. The wall apparatus or system may be incorporated in exterior walls, interior walls, or any combination thereof. The apparatuses and systems also include a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning unit (HVDAC) adapted to supply conditioned air to the air passageways. The apparatuses and systems also include control valves, nozzles, and a size and a spacing of exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes associated with the walls for controlling amounts and air flow into and through the passageways, wherein the conditioned air flow is designed to dry, to reduce moisture accumulation, and/or to inhibit mold growth in exterior walls or exterior and interior walls. The air passageways are adapted to remove water, water vapor, and moisture from exterior walls or exterior walls and interior walls. The apparatuses and systems may also include window air passageways adapted to receive the conditioned air for removing water, water vapor, and moisture in exterior windows. Of course, any interior windows may also include air passageways removing water, water vapor, and moisture in interior windows; provided, however, that the interior windows are capable of incorporating an air passageway such as double pane windows, etc.

Embodiments of present disclosure broadly relate methods of drying, inhibiting moisture accumulation, or controlling moisture by supplying a conditioned air to the wall apparatuses or systems described above.

The inventor has further found that new systems, apparatuses, and methods may be constructed and implemented for reducing, inhibiting, or eliminating water and/or moisture and/or their accumulation and/or mold growth in exterior and interior walls of habitable structures by providing conditioned air pathways in the walls of the structures that are externally vented to force the removal or water and/or moisture from the walls and reduce, remove, inhibit or eliminate water and/or moisture and/or their accumulation and/or mold growth in exterior and interior walls.

Embodiments of present disclosure broadly related to apparatuses and systems including: exterior wall air passageways; optionally interior walls air passageways; one or more heating, ventilation, air conditioning unit (HVAC) or one or more HVDAC unit to supply conditioned air, and valves to control an amount and/or direction of air flowing into and through the passageways, wherein the conditioned air flow may dry the walls, reduce moisture content in the walls, inhibit or control mold growth in the walls, and/or maintain a substantially uniform temperature in the structure throughout the day and night.

In certain embodiments, each exterior wall includes an internal wall section and an external wall section with the passageway disposed therebetween, wherein each passageway includes an inlet having a control valve or a unidirectional valve and an outlet, wherein the control valves or the unidirectional valves insure either a desired amount of air flow into the passageways or the air flow proceeds from the inlets to the outlets.

In other embodiments, each exterior wall includes an internal wall section and an external wall section with the passageway disposed therebetween, wherein each passageway includes an inlet having a control valve or a unidirectional valve and an outlet, and each interior wall includes a first wall section and a second wall section with the passageway disposed therebetween, wherein each passageway includes an inlet having a control valve or a unidirectional valve and an outlet, wherein the control valves or the unidirectional valves insure either a desired amount of air flow into the passageways or the air flow proceeds from the inlets to the outlets.

In other embodiments, the apparatuses and systems also include at least one sensor configured to sense moisture and generate a signal corresponding to the sensed moisture and a control unit configured to receive the signal from the at least one sensor and to control the HVAC and the valves to provide a conditioned air having properties to dry or reduce the sensed moisture or to maintain a certain moisture content in the walls due to the air flow into, through, and out of the passageways.

In other embodiments, the apparatuses and systems also include at least one sensor disposed in one, some, or all of the passageways and configured to sense moisture in the passageways and to generate a signal corresponding to the sensed moisture and a control unit configured to receive the signal from the at least one moisture sensor and to control the HVAC and optionally the valves to provide conditioned air and control an amount of the conditioned air into the air flow passageways, wherein the conditioned air has properties to dry the walls or to reduce the sensed moisture in the walls or to maintain a certain moisture content in the walls as the conditioned air flows into, through, and out of the passageways.

In other embodiments, the apparatuses and systems also include at least one sensor disposed in one, some, or all of the passageways and configured to sense temperature in the passageways and to generate a signal corresponding to the sensed temperature, and a control unit configured to receive the signals from the temperature sensors and to control the HVAC and optionally the valves to variably supply controlled amounts of conditioned air into the air flow passageways to maintain a constant and/or uniform temperature in the structure and/or to dry or reduce the moisture or to maintain a certain moisture content in the walls.

In other embodiments, the apparatuses and systems also include a supply unit for supplying mold control compositions or other compositions into the walls, wherein the supply unit is under the control of the control unit. In other embodiments, the apparatuses and systems also include fire suppressant units that may feed carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide foam or other fire retardant or suppression compositions.

In other embodiments, the apparatuses and systems are designed to permit conditioned air to be flow through the exterior and interior walls so that a uniform temperature and moisture content in the wall interiors may be maintained. During the day and night, the apparatuses and systems may continuously adjust rate and amount of conditioned air flowing into each passageway so that the temperature and moisture content within the interior of each wall is maintained at substantially uniform values that may be preset set or set as desired by the user. As the sun rises, one side of a structure will begin to heat differently than the non-illuminated side, the apparatuses and systems adjust the distribution of air flow so that the temperature and/or moisture content in the interior the walls and therefore throughout the entire structure may be more uniformly controlled.

Embodiments of present disclosure broadly relates to methods of drying water or moisture in exterior walls or exterior and interior walls of a structure, inhibiting moisture accumulation in the walls, or maintaining a substantially uniform temperature and/or moisture content in the wall, where the methods include providing exterior walls or exterior and interior walls having air flow passageways and supplying conditioned air into the flow passageway by an HVAC unit and valves to dry or reduce or inhibit moisture accumulation in the walls, to maintain a certain moisture content in the walls, and/or to maintain a substantially uniform temperature in the structure.

In certain embodiments, the methods further include receiving output from at least one sensor and controlling properties of the conditioned air in response thereto.

In other embodiments, the methods further include receiving output from at least one sensor, controlling properties of the conditioned air in response thereto and controlling an air flow rate into the passageways in response thereto.

In other embodiments, the methods further include supplying a treating composition into the passageways, wherein the treating composition is a mold control composition, a pesticide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a bactericide, a poison for rodents, other control compositions, or mixtures and combinations thereof.

In other embodiments, the methods also include collecting temperature data, moisture data, air flow data, pressure data, air component data, and/or other data and adjusting the air flow rate and/or amount into each passageway so that the values of each measure property may be maintained at some desired level or some pre-set level. In other embodiments, the adjusting may be in conjunction with data indicating a fire or other emergency situation in which case the air flow and fire suppressants and/or retardants flow rate into the passageways may be used to impede progression of the fire or to produce fire breaks, wall as that do not support fire due to air flow and flame retardant flow rate into each passageway.

Again, it should be recognized that the air passageways or pathways may include valves and nozzles for controlling air flow into the passageways or pathways and the sizes, number, and spacing of weep holes or air outlets associated with the passageways and pathways control the flow of air out of the passageways or pathways. It should also be recognized that the valves may be “active” or “passive”, wherein the term passive means that the valves are one way valves allowing flow into the passageways and pathways, but not out of the passageways or pathways, and wherein the term active means that the valves actively control the flow of air into the passageways or pathways. Again, the size, number and spacing of the passageway or pathway outlets along with valves ultimately control the air flow rate through the passageways or pathways.

Embodiments of this disclosure broadly relate to structures including a floor or slab, a ceiling, an insulated roof, and an attic interposed between the ceiling and the roof. The structures further include one or a plurality of exterior walls, each of the exterior walls includes: an exterior wall outer portion, an exterior wall inner portion including a wall framing system, an exterior wall air flow passageway interposed therebetween, and at least one exterior wall exhaust conduit having: a passageway inlet, and a passage way outlet. The structures further include a plurality of interior walls and a plurality of interior spaces defined by the exterior and interior walls. The structures further include an HVAC unit, disposed in the attic, including: a HVAC air inlet conduit having: an HVAC inlet, and an HVAC inlet control valve configured to control a supply of unconditioned air or a mixture of unconditioned air and exhaust conditioned air to the HVAC unit; a HVAC air outlet conduit having: an HVAC outlet, and a HVAC outlet control valve configured to control a supply of conditioned air to the interior spaces; and at least one HVAC exhaust conduit having: an HVAC exhaust inlet, and an HVAC exhaust outlet configured to support an air flow of exhaust conditioned air into the attic. The structures further include at least one passageway control valve associated with the passageway inlets and configured to support passageway air flow into the passageway(s) and out of the exhaust conduit(s) into the surroundings and to stop air flow from the surroundings into the passageways, whereby the passageway air flow reduces, removes, and/or eliminates moisture in the exterior walls.

In certain embodiments, the at least one passageway control valve is a passive one-way or unidirectional valve, and the passageway air flow comprises attic exhaust conditioned air. In other embodiments, the at least one passageway control valve is part of the HVAC unit and is associated with a HVAC passageway outlet conduit connected to the HVAC outlet conduit and having an passageway outlet associated with the passageway inlets, the at least one passageway control valve is a passive one-way or unidirectional valve or an active control valve, and the passageway air flow comprises conditioned air from the HVAC unit. In other embodiments, each of the interior walls includes: two interior wall outer portions, an interior wall inner portion having: an interior wall air flow passageway having: a passageway inlet and a passageway outlet; at least one interior wall exhaust conduit. In other embodiments, the exterior wall inner portion includes: an insulating layer, a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer; and/or a sheathing disposed on an inner surface of the insulating layer. In other embodiments, the exterior wall inner portion further includes: a liquid barrier and/or a first sheathing between the liquid barrier and the wall framing system. In other embodiments, the at least one HVAC exhaust conduit further includes: an second HVAC exhaust outlet configure to support an air flow of exhaust conditioned air into the surrounding and having: a HVAC exhaust control valve configured to control amounts of exhaust conditioned air exhausted into the attic and into the surrounds.

In other embodiments, the structure further comprising: an air flow control system including: a processing unit; and plurality of sensors; wherein one, some, or all of the control valves are active control valves, wherein the processing unit is in communication with the active control valves, and wherein the processing unit is configured to: receive input from the sensors, and control the HVAC unit and the active control valves thereby controlling air flow rates into the interior spaces and into the passageways. In other embodiments, the sensors are selected from the group consisting of temperature sensors, water/moisture sensors, air flow sensors, chemical sensors, other physical sensors, and combinations thereof. In other embodiments, at least one of the sensors is disposed in: the air flow passageways or the air flow passageways and the attic and/or the interior spaces. In other embodiments, all of the control valves are active control valves, and during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured: to adjust the air flow into each of the interior spaces and into each passageway so that one or more interior space properties and/or one or more passageway properties are maintained at desired values. In other embodiments, the one or more properties include moisture concentrations in the interior spaces and/or passageways, temperature in the interior spaces and/or passageways, or mixtures and combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the one or more properties further include pressures in the interior spaces and/or passageways, air flow rates in the interior spaces and/or passageways, sensed chemical concentrations in the interior spaces and/or passageways, and/or microbial concentrations in the interior spaces and/or passageways.

In other embodiments, the structures further comprises: a dispensing assembly associated with one, some, or all of the passageways and including: a reservoir containing a treating composition; a dispensing supply conduit having: a dispensing assembly control value, a dispensing head at its distal end, wherein the dispensing assembly control value is configured to control an amount of treating solution or gas introduced into one, some, or all of the passageways. In other embodiments, the treating composition is selected from the group consisting of a mold control composition, a pesticide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a bactericide, a rodent poison, other control compositions, a gas, a fire retardant compositions, a foam, and mixtures or combinations thereof, and the gas is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air, argon, haloalkanes and mixtures thereof, the haloalkanes are selected from the group consisting of iodomethane, bromomethane, bromochloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, tribromofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, hexafluoroethane, or mixtures and combinations thereof.

Embodiments of this disclosure multistory structures comprising: a plurality of stories, each of the stories including: a floor, a ceiling, and dead spaces interposed therebetween. The multi-story structures further include: a plurality of exterior walls, each of the exterior walls includes: an exterior wall outer portion; an exterior wall inner portion; an exterior wall framing system; an exterior wall air flow passageway interposed between the exterior wall outer portion and the exterior wall inner portion; and at least one exterior wall exhaust conduit. The multi-story further include: a plurality of interior walls; a plurality of interior spaces defined by the exterior walls and interior walls; and an air flow control system including: a processing unit; plurality of sensors. The multi-story structures further include: a air handling system comprising: an HVAC unit; a HVAC inlet conduit including: a HVAC surroundings inlet conduit having: an surrounding inlet; and a surrounding inlet control valve configured to supply unconditioned air to the HVAC unit; a return conditioned air conduit having: a return conduit control valve configured to control an amount of exhausted conditioned air to the HVAC unit; a plurality of floor return conduits, each of the floor return conduits includes: an inlet disposed in the each of the floor dead spaces; a floor return conduit control valve configured to control an amount of exhaust conditioned air supplied to the return conduit from each of the floor dead spaces; and a main HVAC outlet conduit including; a plurality of floor outlet conduits, each of the floor outlet conduits includes: a floor outlet conduit control valve configured to control an amount of conditioned air supplied to each of the floors; a plurality of interior space outlet conduits, each of the interior space outlet conduits having: a plurality of interior space outlets, each of the interior space outlets; and a interior space outlet conduit control valve configured to control an amount of conditioned air supplied to each of the interior space outlets, wherein one, some, or all of the control valves are active control valves, wherein at one or more of the sensors is disposed in each of the interior spaces and one or more of the sensors is disposed in the passageways, wherein the processing unit is in communication with the active control valves, the HVAC unit, and the sensors, and wherein the processing unit is configured to: receive input from the sensors, and control the HVAC unit and the active control valves based on the sensor inputs, thereby controlling unconditioned air flow rates into the HVAC, interior space air flow rates from the HVAC, return air flow rates into the HVAC, exhaust air flow rate to the surroundings, and passageway air flow rates through the passageways and into the surroundings.

In certain embodiments, each of the floor return conduits further includes at least one return air control valve configured to control an amount of the return conditioned air to the return conduit.

Embodiments of the disclosure broadly relates to methods for controlling air flow in single story structures, wherein the method comprises: receiving, via the processing unit, output from the sensors, and adjusting unconditioned air flow rates into the HVAC, interior space air flow rates from the HVAC, return air flow rates into the HVAC, exhaust air flow rates to the surroundings, and passageway air flow rates through the passageways and into the surroundings to maintain properties within the interior spaces and/or passageways at desired values.

In certain embodiments, in the adjusting steps, the properties include temperature and relative humidity in each of the interior spaces and moisture concentration in the passageways.

Embodiments of the disclosure broadly relates to methods for controlling air flow in multis-story structures, wherein the method comprises: receiving, via the processing unit, output from the sensors, and adjusting unconditioned air flow rates into the HVAC, interior space air flow rates from the HVAC, return air flow rates into the HVAC, exhaust air flow rate to the surroundings, and passageway air flow rates through the passageways and into the surroundings to maintain properties within the interior spaces and/or passageways at desired values.

In certain embodiments, in the adjusting steps, the properties include temperature and relative humidity in each of the interior spaces and moisture concentration in the passageways.

It should be recognized that all stud walls, attic floors, and attic roofs are insulated. Insulation may be sprayed materials, foams, fiberglass materials, cellulose materials, or anything else that is suitable for the conditions.

Suitable Components for Use in the Disclosure

Suitable treating compositions include, without limitation, mold control compositions, pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, rodent poisons, other control compositions, gases, fire retardant compositions, foams, and mixtures or combinations thereof.

Suitable gases include, without limitation, air, nitrogen enriched air, nitrogen (all grades), argon, carbon dioxide, haloalkanes and mixtures thereof.

Suitable haloalkanes include, without limitation, iodomethane (CH₃I) (Halon 10001); bromomethane (CH₃Br) (Halon 1001); bromochloromethane (CH₂BrCl) (Halon 1011); carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) (Halon 104); tribromofluoromethane (CBr₃F) (Halon 1103); dichlorofluoromethane (CCl₂F₂) (Halon 112); bromodifluoromethane (CHBrF₂) (Halon 1201); dibromodifluoromethane (CBr₂F₂) (Halon 1202); bromochlorodifluoromethane (CBrClF₂) (Halon 1211); dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl₂F₂) (Halon 122); bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF₃) (Halon 1301); tetrafluoromethane (CF₄) (Halon 14); 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (C₂Cl₂F₄) (Halon 242); dibromotetrafluoroethane (C₂Br₂F₄) (Halon 2402); hexafluoroethane (C₂F₆) (Halon 2600); or mixtures and combinations thereof.

Suitable foams include, without limitation, any of the gases and compositions introduced as a foam using a foaming agent or the co-introduction of a foaming agent and a gas or treating compositions. Suitable foaming agents include all surfactants and any other material the forms a foam when combined with a gas.

Suitable flow control valves or dampers for use herein include, without limitation, control valves or dampers manufactured by Johnson Controls, Belimo, Honeywell, Siemens, Greenheck, KMC Controls, or other similar manufacturers.

Suitable sensor for use in the disclosure include, without limitation, relative humidity sensors, moisture sensors, water sensors, physical sensors such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, air flow sensors, etc., chemical sensors such as carbon dioxide sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, oxygen sensors, etc., microbial sensors such as mold sensors, fungus sensors, bacterial sensors, viral sensors, etc., other sensors, and combinations thereof.

Suitable air flow sensors for use herein include, without limitation, air flow sensor manufactured by E+E Elektronik, Honeywell, Siemens, IFM Electronics, Air Logic, SDT, EGE, Delta OHM, Weber, EC, other similar manufacturers, or any combination thereof.

Suitable temperature sensors for use herein include, without limitation, temperature sensors manufactured by Analog Devices, Mitsumi, Melexis, Environdata, Geokon, IST, SBE, Andigilog, AquiStar, Envco, STMicroelectronics, ZMD, Measurement Specialties, Microship, MicroDAQ, Smartec, Dallas Semiconductor, Slop Indicator, Honsberg, Maxim, ReGMet, GF Signet, Philips, Texas Instruments, FTDI Chip, Thermometrics, Spica Technology, other similar manufacturers, or any combination thereof.

Suitable water/moisture sensors for use herein include, without limitation, water/moisture sensors manufactured by Converge, Edyn, Oval Digital, Sengenia, Galltec, E+E Elektronik, TE Connectivity, Kurabe Industrial Co, Ltd., Scale-Tron, Measurement Specialties, Michell Instruments, EMS Brno, Hoperf Electronics, GE Sensing, Hygrosens Instruments, Sensirion, Gefran, U.P.S.I., Precon, EME Systems, FTDI Chip, IST, Blue Earth, Vishay, other similar manufacturers, or any combination thereof.

Suitable chemical sensors for use herein include, without limitation, carbon dioxide sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, water vapor sensors, water sensors, moisture sensors, mold sensors, other similar chemical and microbial sensors, microbial sensors (viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.) or any combination thereof.

Suitable physical sensors for use herein include, without limitation, pressure sensors, air compositional sensors, partial pressure sensors, temperature sensors, other physical sensors, or any combination thereof.

Suitable processors or processing units for use herein include, without limitation, without limitation, digital processing units (DPUs), analog processing units (APUs), any other technology that can receive motion sensor output and generate command and/or control functions for objects under the control of the processing unit, or any mixture and combination thereof.

Suitable digital processing units (DPUs) include, without limitation, any digital processing unit capable of accepting input from a plurality of devices and converting at least some of the input into output designed to select and/or control attributes of one or more of the devices. Exemplary examples of such DPUs include, without limitation, microprocessors, microcontrollers, or the like manufactured by Intel, Motorola, Ericsson, HP, Samsung, Hitachi, NRC, Applied Materials, AMD, Cyrix, Sun Microsystem, Philips, National Semiconductor, Qualcomm, any other manufacture of microprocessors or microcontrollers, or any combination thereof.

Suitable analog processing units (APUs) include, without limitation, any analog processing unit capable of accepting input from a plurality of devices and converting at least some of the input into output designed to control attributes of one or more of the devices, or any combination thereof. Such analog devices are available from manufacturers such as Analog Devices Inc.

Suitable interfaces and interface components for use herein include, without limitation, manufactured by Microsoft, Samsung, Apple, Linex, other similar GUI or user interfaces, or any combination thereof.

Suitable HVAC unit and associated components for use herein include, without limitation, AAON, Airedale International Air Conditioning, Amana Corporation, American Standard Companies, ASI Controls, Baxi, BDR Thermea, BELIMO Holding AG, Buffalo Forge Company, CaptiveAire Systems, Carrier Corporation, Chunlan Group, CIAT Group, Climaveneta, Coleman Heating & Air Conditioning, Comfort Systems USA, Cylon Controls Ltd., Daewoo Electronics, Daikin, Daikin Applied Americas, De Dietrich Remeha, De′Longhi, DeLclima, Electronic Temperature Instruments, Embraco, Fegyver-és Gépgyár, Fuji Electric, Fujitsu, Galanz, General Airconditioners, GlenDimplex, Goodman Global, Gree Electric, Haier, Hart & Cooley, Help-Link, Hisense, Hisense Kelon, Hitachi, J & E Hall, Jasun Filtration, Johnson Controls, Jøtul, Kenstar, KMC Controls, Lennox International, LG Electronics, MarinAire, Mirgor, Mitsubishi Electric, MPF Industry Group, Panasonic, PEC Power Electric Cooperation, Petra Engineering Industries Company, Rettig ICC, Rheem, Robert Bosch GmbH, Roberts-Gordon LLC, Sampo Corporation, Sanden Corporation, Sanhua, Sanyo, Shinco, Siragon, Stelrad, Taikisha, Tatung Company, Temperzone, Thermax, Thermo King, Toshiba, Trane, Vaillant Group, Viega, Viessmann, Voltas, Walton Group, Wellman Group, Westaflex, Whirlpool Corporation, Worcester, Bosch Group, Wrightsoft, Yilida, York International, other similar manufacturers, or any combination thereof.

Suitable structural insulations for use in the hanging insulation forms of the present disclosure include, without limitation, polystyrene foam structural insulation, polyethylene foam structural insulation, polypropylene foam structural insulation, copolymers of styrene and ethylene and/or propylene foam structural insulation, any other structural foam insulation, or combinations thereof.

Suitable closed cell spray foam insulation for use the present disclosure include, without limitation, any closed cell spray foam insulation such as Johns Manville closed cell spray foam insulation, Huntsman closed cell spray foam insulation, Natural Polymers closed cell spray foam insulation, SWD Urethane closed cell spray foam insulation, Carlisle closed cell spray foam insulation, Elastochem closed cell spray foam insulation, any other similar closed cell spray foam insulation, or any combination thereof.

Suitable opened cell spray foam insulation for use the present disclosure include, without limitation, any opened cell spray foam insulation such as Johns Manville opened cell spray foam insulation, Huntsman opened cell spray foam insulation, Natural Polymers opened cell spray foam insulation, SWD Urethane opened cell spray foam insulation, Carlisle opened cell spray foam insulation, Elastochem opened cell spray foam insulation, any other similar opened cell spray foam insulation, or any combination thereof.

Suitable loose insulation for use the present disclosure include, without limitation, any loose insulation such as Johns Manville loose insulation, Owens Corning loose insulation, Aspen Aerogels loose insulation, Dupont loose insulation, BASF loose insulation, Carlisle loose insulation, Elastochem loose insulation, Insulation Company of America loose insulation, Insulation Technology loose insulation, Kingspan Group loose insulation, Knauf Insulation loose insulation, Polyglass loose insulation, Rmax loose insulation, Rockwool International loose insulation, Siplast loose insulation, Soprema Group loose insulation, SWD Urethane loose insulation, T. Clear Corporation loose insulation, ThermaBlok loose insulation, Versico loose insulation, Volatile Free, Inc. loose insulation, any other similar loose insulation, or any combination thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE DISCLOSURE

Heating and Cooling Apparatuses/Systems

Essentially Airtight Container or Box Type Air Mixing Assemblies or Subsystems

Referring now to FIG. 1A, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 100, is shown to include a top 102a, a top space 102b, exterior walls 102c, a ceiling 102d, an attic or overhead space 102e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 102f, an interior space 102g, a slab 102h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 104.

The HC apparatus or system 104 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 110 including an OAS inlet 112a, an OAS inlet conduit 112b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 112c, and an OAS outlet 112d.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 120 including an internal HVDAC unit 122 having an internal HVDAC inlet 124a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 124b and an external HVDAC unit 126 having an external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 128.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 130 having an airtight or essentially airtight box 132 including an OAS outside air inlet 134a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 134b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 134c, and a main interior space mixed air outlet 134d.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 150 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 152a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 152b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 152c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 152d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 152e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 152f, interior space mixed air outlets 152g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 152h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 152i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 152k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 1521, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 152m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 152n, a main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 1520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 152p, a interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 152r, and exterior wall exhaust air control valves 152s.

The HC apparatus or system 104 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 160a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 112c and (b) a HVDAC fully conditioned air 160c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 130 to form a mixed air 160d. The mixed air 160d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120 to form the HVDAC fully conditioned air 160c and (b) the interior space 102f to form an interior space exhaust air 160e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 132 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 102f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 160e from the interior space 102f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 160e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 1521.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 104.

Referring now to FIG. 1B, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 100, is shown to include a top 102a, a top space 102b, exterior walls 102c, a ceiling 102d, an attic or overhead space 102e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 102f, an interior space 102g, a slab 102h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 104.

The HC apparatus or system 104 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 110 including an OAS inlet 112a, an OAS inlet conduit 112b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 112c, and an OAS outlet 112d.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 120 having an internal HVDAC unit 122 having an internal HVDAC inlet 124a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 124b and an external HVDAC unit 126 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 128.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 130 having an airtight or essentially airtight box 132 including an OAS outside air inlet 134a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 134b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 134c, and a main interior space mixed air outlet 134d.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 140 having an ERV unit 142 including an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 144a, an ERV outside air inlet 144b, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 144c, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet 144d, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 144e, an ERV modified outside air outlet 144f, an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 144g, an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet 144h, an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet vent 144i, and an ERV modified outside interior space outlet control valve 144j.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 150 includes a OAS outside air inlet conduit 152a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 152b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 152c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 152d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 152e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 152f, interior space mixed air outlets 152g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 152h, a interior space exhaust air outlet vent 152i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 152k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 1521, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 152m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 152n, a main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 1520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 152p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q, exterior wall exhaust air fittings 152r, and exterior wall exhaust air control valves 152s.

The HC apparatus or system 104 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 160a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 112c, (b) an ERV outside air 160b, and (c) a fully conditioned air 160c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 130 to form a mixed air 160d. The mixed air 160d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120 to form the fully conditioned air 160c and (b) the interior space 102f to form an interior space exhaust air 160e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 132 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 102f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 160e from the interior space 102f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 160e, which is exhausted via the ERV assembly or subsystem 150 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 160e with the ERV outside air 160b, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams to form an ERV exhaust air 160f and a modified ERV outside air 160g.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 104.

Referring now to FIG. 1C, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 100, is shown to include a top 102a, a top space 102b, exterior walls 102c, a ceiling 102d, an attic or overhead space 102e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 102f, an interior space 102g, a slab 102h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 104.

The HC apparatus or system 104 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 110 including an OAS inlet 112a, an OAS inlet conduit 112b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 112c, and an OAS outlet 112d.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 120 having an internal HVDAC unit 122 having an internal HVDAC inlet 124a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 124b and an external HVDAC unit 126 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 128.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 130 having a airtight or essentially airtight box 132 including an OAS outside air inlet 134a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 134b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 134c, and a main interior space mixed air outlet 134d.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 150 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 152a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 152b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 152c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 152d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 152e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 152f, interior space mixed air outlets 152g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 152h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 152i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 152k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 1521, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 152m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 152n, a main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 1520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 152p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q, exterior wall exhaust air fittings 152r, and exterior wall exhaust air control valves 152s.

The HC apparatus or system 104 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 160a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 112c and (b) a HVDAC fully conditioned air 160c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 130 to form a mixed air 160d. The mixed air 160d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120 to form the HVDAC fully conditioned air 160c and (b) the interior space 102f to form an interior space exhaust air 160e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 132 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 102f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 160e from the interior space 102f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 160e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 1521.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 104.

Referring now to FIG. 1D, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 100, is shown to include a top 102a, a top space 102b, exterior walls 102c, a ceiling 102d, an attic or overhead space 102e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 102f, an interior space 102g, a slab 102h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 104.

The HC apparatus or system 104 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 110 including an OAS inlet 112a, an OAS inlet conduit 112b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 112c, and an OAS outlet 112d.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 120 having an internal HVDAC unit 122 having an internal HVDAC inlet 124a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 124b and an external HVDAC unit 126 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 128.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 130 having an airtight or essentially airtight box 132 including an OAS outside air inlet 134a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 134b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 134c, a main interior space mixed air outlet 134d, and an interior space exhaust air inlet 134e.

The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 150 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 152a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 152b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 152c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 152d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 152e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 152f, interior space mixed air outlets 152g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 152h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 152i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 152k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 1521, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 152m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 152n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 1520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 152p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 152r, exterior wall exhaust air control valves 152s, and exterior wall exhaust air outlet conduits 152t.

The HC apparatus or system 104 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 160a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 112c and (b) a HVDAC fully conditioned air 160c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 130 to form a mixed air 160d. The mixed air 160d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 120 to form the HVDAC fully conditioned air 160c and (b) the interior space 102f to form an interior space exhaust air 160e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 132 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 102f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 160e from the interior space 102f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 152j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 152q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 160e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 1521.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 104 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 104.

Referring now to FIG. 2A, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 200, is shown to include a top 202a, a top space 202b, exterior walls 202c, a ceiling 202d, an attic or overhead space 202e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 202f, an interior space 202g, a slab 202h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 204.

The HC apparatus or system 204 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 210 including an OAS inlet 212a, an OAS inlet conduit 212b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 212c, and an OAS outlet 212d.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 220 including a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 222a having a piHVDAC inlet 224a, and a piHVDAC outlet 224b and a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 226a having peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 228a. The HVDAC assembly or system 220 further includes a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 222b having a siHVDAC inlet 228b.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 230 having an airtight or essentially airtight box 232 including an OAS outside air inlet 234a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234b, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 234c, a main interior space mixed air outlet 234d, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234e, and a siHVDAC mixed air outlet 234f.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 250 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 252a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 252b, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 252c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 252e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 252f, interior space mixed air outlets 252g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 252h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 252i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 252k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521, a piHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 252m, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 252n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 2520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 252p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 252r, exterior wall exhaust air control valves 252s, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 252t, a siHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 252u, a siHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 252v, and a siHVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 252w.

The HC apparatus or system 204 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 260a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 212c, and (b) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 260c from the piHVDAC unit 222a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 230 to form a mixed air 260d. The mixed air 260d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 222a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 260c, (b) the siHVDAC unit 222b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f, and (c) the interior space 202f to form an interior space exhaust air 260e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 232 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 202f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 260e from the interior space 202f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 260e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f from the piHVDAC unit 222b is supplied to the main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d and into the interior space, wherein the amount of the the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 222a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 204.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 200, is shown to include a top 202a, a top space 202b, exterior walls 202c, a ceiling 202d, an attic or overhead space 202e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 202f, an interior space 202g, a slab 202h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 204.

The HC apparatus or system 204 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 210 including an OAS inlet 212a, an OAS inlet conduit 212b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 212c, and an OAS outlet 212d.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 220 including a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 222a having a piHVDAC inlet 224a, and a piHVDAC outlet 224b and a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 226a having a peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduit 228a. The HVDAC assembly or system 220 further includes a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 222b having a siHVDAC inlet 228b.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 230 having an airtight or essentially airtight box 232 including an OAS outside air inlet 234a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234b, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 234c, a main interior space mixed air outlet 234d, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234e, and a siHVDAC mixed air outlet 234f.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 240 having an ERV unit 242 including an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 244a, an ERV outside air inlet 244b, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 244c, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet 244d, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 244e, an ERV modified outside air outlet 244f, an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 244g, an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet 244h, an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet vent 244i, and an ERV modified outside interior space outlet control valve 244j.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 250 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 252a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 252b, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 252c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 252e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 252f, interior space mixed air outlets 252g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 252h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 252i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 252k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521, a piHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 252m, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 252n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 2520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 252p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q, exterior wall exhaust air fittings 252r, exterior wall exhaust air control valves 252s, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 252t, a siHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 252u, a siHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 252v, and a siHVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 252w.

The HC apparatus or system 204 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 260a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 212c, (b) an ERV outside air 260b, and (c) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 260c from the piHVDAC unit 222a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 230 to form a mixed air 260d. The mixed air 270d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 222a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 270c, (b) the siHVDAC unit 222b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f, and (c) the interior space 202f to form an interior space exhaust air 260e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 232 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 202f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 260e from the interior space 202f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 260e, which is exhausted via the ERV assembly or subsystem 250 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 260e with the ERV outside air 260b, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams to form a ERV exhaust air 260g and a modified ERV outside air 260h and is additionally exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f from the piHVDAC unit 222b is supplied to the main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d and into the interior space, wherein the amount of the the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 222a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 204.

Referring now to FIG. 2C, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 200, is shown to include a top 202a, a top space 202b, exterior walls 202c, a ceiling 202d, an attic or overhead space 202e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 202f, an interior space 202g, a slab 202h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 204.

The HC apparatus or system 204 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 210 including an OAS inlet 212a, an OAS inlet conduit 212b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 212c, and an OAS outlet 212d.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 220 including a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 222a having a piHVDAC inlet 224a, and a piHVDAC outlet 224b and a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 226a having a peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduit 228a. The HVDAC assembly or system 220 further includes a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 222b having a siHVDAC inlet 224c, and a siHVDAC outlet 224d and a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 226b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 228b.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 230 having an airtight or essentially airtight box 232 including an OAS outside air inlet 234a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234b, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 234c, a main interior space mixed air outlet 234d, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234e, and a siHVDAC mixed air outlet 234f.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 250 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 252a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 252b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 252c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 252e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 252f, interior space mixed air outlets 252g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 252h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 252i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 252k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 252m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 252n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 2520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 252p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 252r, and exterior wall exhaust air control valves 252s.

The HC apparatus or system 204 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 260a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 212c, and (b) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 260c from the piHVDAC unit 222a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 230 to form a mixed air 260d. The mixed air 260d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 222a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 260c, (b) the siHVDAC unit 222b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f, and (c) the interior space 202f to form an interior space exhaust air 260e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 232 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 202f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 260e from the interior space 202f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 260e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f from the piHVDAC unit 222b is supplied to the main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d and into the interior space, wherein the amount of the the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 222a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 204.

Referring now to FIG. 2D, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 200, is shown to include a top 202a, a top space 202b, exterior walls 202c, a ceiling 202d, an attic or overhead space 202e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 202f, an interior space 202g, a slab 202h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 204.

The HC apparatus or system 204 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 210 including an OAS inlet 212a, an OAS inlet conduit 212b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 212c, and an OAS outlet 212d.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 220 including a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 222a having a piHVDAC inlet 224a, and a piHVDAC outlet 224b and a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 226a having a peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduit 228a. The HVDAC assembly or system 220 further includes a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 222b having a siHVDAC inlet 224c, and a siHVDAC outlet 224d and a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 226b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 228b.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 230 having an airtight or essentially airtight box 232 including an OAS outside air inlet 234a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234b, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 234c, a main interior space mixed air outlet 234d, a main interior space mixed air outlet 234d, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 234e, a siHVDAC mixed air outlet 234f, and an interior space exhaust air inlet 234g.

The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 250 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 252a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 252b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 252c, a main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 252e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 252f, interior space mixed air outlets 252g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 252h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 252i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 252k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 252m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 252n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 2520, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 252p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 252r, exterior wall exhaust air control valves 252s, and exterior wall exhaust air outlet conduits 252t.

The HC apparatus or system 204 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 260a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 212c, and (b) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 260c from the piHVDAC unit 222a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 230 to form a mixed air 260d. The mixed air 260d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 222a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 260c, (b) the siHVDAC unit 222b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f, and (c) the interior space 202f to form an interior space exhaust air 260e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 232 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 202f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 260e from the interior space 202f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 252j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 252q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 260e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 2521. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f from the piHVDAC unit 222b is supplied to the main interior space mixed air outlet conduit 252d and into the interior space, wherein the amount of the the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 260f will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 222a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 204 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 204.

Essentially Airtight Attic or Overhead Space Type Air Mixing Assemblies or Subsystems

Referring now to FIG. 3A, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 300, is shown to include a top 302a, a top space 302b, exterior walls 302c, a ceiling 302d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 302f, an interior space 302g, a slab 302h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 304.

The HC apparatus or system 304 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 310 including an OAS inlet 312a, an OAS inlet conduit 312b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 312c, and an OAS outlet 312d.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 320 having an internal HVDAC unit 322 having an internal HVDAC inlet 324a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 324b and an external HVDAC unit 326 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 328.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 330 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e having an OAS outside air inlet 334a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 334b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 334c, and AM interior space mixed air outlets 334d.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 350 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 352a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 352b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 352c, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 352e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 352f, interior space mixed air outlets 352g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 352h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 352i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 352k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 352l, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 352m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 352n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 352o, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 352p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 352r, and exterior wall exhaust air control valves 352s.

The HC apparatus or system 304 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 360a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 312c and (b) a HVDAC fully conditioned air 360c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 330 to form a mixed air 360d. The mixed air 360d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320 to form the HVDAC fully conditioned air 360c and (b) the interior space 302f to form an interior space exhaust air 360e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 332 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 302f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 360e from the interior space 302f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 360e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 352l.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 304.

Referring now to FIG. 3B, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 300, is shown to include a top 302a, a top space 302b, exterior walls 302c, a ceiling 302d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 302f, an interior space 302g, a slab 302h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 304.

The HC apparatus or system 304 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 310 including an OAS inlet 312a, a OAS inlet conduit 312b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 312c, and an OAS outlet 312d.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 320 having an internal HVDAC unit 322 having an internal HVDAC inlet 324a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 324b and an external HVDAC unit 326 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 328.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 330 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e having an OAS outside air inlet 334a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 334b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 334c, and AM interior space mixed air outlets 334d.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 340 having an ERV unit 342 including an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 344a, an ERV outside air inlet 344b, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 344c, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet 344d, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 344e, an ERV modified outside air outlet 344f, an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 344g, an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet 344h, an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet vent 344i, and an ERV modified outside interior space outlet control valve 344j.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 350 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 352a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 352b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 352c, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 352e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 352f, interior space mixed air outlets 352g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 352h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 352i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 352k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 352l, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 352m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 352n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 352o, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 352p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 352r, and exterior wall exhaust air control valves 352s.

The HC apparatus or system 304 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 360a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 312c, (b) an ERV outside air 360b, and (c) a fully conditioned air 360c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 330 to form a mixed air 360d. The mixed air 360d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320 to form the fully conditioned air 360c and (b) the interior space 302f to form an interior space exhaust air 360e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 332 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 302f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 360e from the interior space 302f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 360e, which is exhausted via the ERV assembly or subsystem 350 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 360e with the ERV outside air 360b, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams to form a ERV exhaust air 360f and a modified ERV outside air 360g.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 304.

Referring now to FIG. 3C, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 300, is shown to include a top 302a, a top space 302b, exterior walls 302c, a ceiling 302d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 302f, an interior space 302g, a slab 302h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 304.

The HC apparatus or system 304 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 310 including an OAS inlet 312a, an OAS inlet conduit 312b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 312c, and an OAS outlet 312d.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 320 having an internal HVDAC unit 322 having an internal HVDAC inlet 324a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 324b and an external HVDAC unit 326 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 328.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 330 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e having an OAS outside air inlet 334a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 334b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 334c, and AM interior space mixed air outlets 334d.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 350 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 352a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 352b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 352c, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 352e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 352f, interior space mixed air outlets 352g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 352h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 352i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 352k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 352l, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 352m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 352n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 352o, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 352p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 352r, and exterior wall exhaust air control valves 352s.

The HC apparatus or system 304 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 360a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 312c and (b) a HVDAC fully conditioned air 360c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 330 to form a mixed air 360d. The mixed air 360d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320 to form the HVDAC fully conditioned air 360c and (b) the interior space 302f to form an interior space exhaust air 360e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 332 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 302f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 360e from the interior space 302f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 360e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 352l.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 304.

Referring now to FIG. 3D, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 300, is shown to include a top 302a, a top space 302b, exterior walls 302c, a ceiling 302d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 302f, an interior space 302g, a slab 302h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 304.

The HC apparatus or system 304 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 310 including an OAS inlet 312a, an OAS inlet conduit 312b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 312c, and an OAS outlet 312d.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 320 having an internal HVDAC unit 322 having an internal HVDAC inlet 324a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 324b and an external HVDAC unit 326 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 328.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 330 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 302e having an OAS outside air inlet 334a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 334b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 334c, AM interior space mixed air outlets 334d, and an interior space exhaust air inlet 334e.

The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 350 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 352a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 352b, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 352c, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 352e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 352f, interior space mixed air outlets 352g, an interior space exhaust air outlet 352h, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 352i, an interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j, exterior wall exhaust air outlets 352k, exterior wall exhaust air passageways 352l, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 352m, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 352n, an main interior space mixed air outlet control valve 352o, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 352p, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q, exterior wall exhaust air fitting 352r, exterior wall exhaust air control valves 352s, and exterior wall exhaust air outlet conduits 352t.

The HC apparatus or system 304 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 360a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 312c and (b) a HVDAC fully conditioned air 360c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 330 to form a mixed air 360d. The mixed air 360d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 320 to form the HVDAC fully conditioned air 360c and (b) the interior space 302f to form an interior space exhaust air 360e. Thus, a pressure in the AM mixing container or box 332 is higher than a pressure in the interior space 302f. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 360e from the interior space 302f via the interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 352j pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 352q to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 360e, which is exhausted via the exterior wall exhaust air passageways 352l.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 304 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 304.

Referring now to FIG. 4A, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 400, is shown to include a roof 402a, a top wall 402b, exterior walls 402c, a ceiling 402d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 402f, an interior space 402g, a slab 402h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 404.

The HC apparatus or system 404 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 410 including an OAS inlet 412a, an OAS inlet conduit 412b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 412c, and an OAS outlet 412d.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 420 including a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 422a having a piHVDAC inlet 424aa, and a piHVDAC outlet 424ab and a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 426a having peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 428a. The HVDAC assembly or system 420 further includes a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 422b having a siHVDAC inlet 424ba, and a siHVDAC outlet 424bb and a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 426b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 428b.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 430 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e having an OAS outside air inlet 432a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432da, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432db, interior space main mixed air outlets 432e, interior space modified mixed air vent inlets 432f, an interior space exhaust vent outlet 432g, exterior wall mixed air outlets 432h, an ERV modified outside air interior space inlet 432i.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 440 having an ERV unit 442 including an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 444a, an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 444b, an ERV outside air inlet 444c, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 444d, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet 444e, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 444f, an ERV modified outside air outlet 444g, and an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 444h.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 450 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 452a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 452da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet conduit 452db, an interior space main outlet conduit 452e, interior space modified mixed air outlet vents 452f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 452g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h, and an ERV modified outside air interior space inlet vent 452i.

The AD assembly or subsystem 450 further includes an OAS outside air inlet control value 454a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet control value 454da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet control value 454db, interior space main mixed air outlet control values 454e, interior space modified mixed air outlet control values 454f, an interior space exhaust air outlet fan, blower, or pump 454g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway control values 454h, an ERV modified outside air interior space inlet vent 454i, and exterior wall exhaust air passageway mounts 456.

The HC apparatus or system 404 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 460a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 412c and (b) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca from the piHVDAC unit 422a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 430 to form a mixed air 460d. The mixed air 460d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 422a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca, (b) the siHVDAC unit 422b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb, (c) the interior space main outlet conduit 452e ultimately to form an interior space exhaust air 460e, and (d) and the exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h. Thus, a pressure in the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e is higher than a pressure in the interior space 402g. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 460e from the interior space 402g via the interior space exhaust air vent 452g pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 454h to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 460e, which is enters the ERV unit 442 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 460e with the ERV outside air 460a, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams to form an ERV modified interior space exhaust air 460f and the ERV modified outside air 460b. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb from the piHVDAC unit 422b is mixed with the mixed air 460d in the interior space main outlet conduit 452e to from a modified mixed air 460g and supplied to the interior space 402g, wherein the amount of the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 422a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 404.

Referring now to FIG. 4B, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 400, is shown to include a roof 402a, a top 402b, exterior walls 402c, a ceiling 402d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 402f, an interior space 402g, a slab 402h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 404.

The HC apparatus or system 404 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 410 including an OAS inlet 412a, an OAS inlet conduit 412b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 412c, and an OAS outlet 412d.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 420 comprising (a) a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 422a including a piHVDAC inlet 424aa, and a piHVDAC outlet 424ab and (b) a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 426a having a peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduit 428a. The HVDAC assembly or system 420 further comprises (c) a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 422b having a siHVDAC inlet 424ba, and a siHVDAC outlet 424bb and (d) a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 426b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 428b.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 430 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e having an OAS outside air inlet 432a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432da, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432db, interior space main mixed air outlets 432e, interior space modified mixed air vent inlets 432f, an interior space exhaust vent outlet 432g, and exterior wall mixed air outlets 432h.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 450 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 452a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 452da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet conduit 452db, an interior space main outlet conduit 452e, interior space modified mixed air outlet vents 452f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 452g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h, and interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 452j.

The AD assembly or subsystem 450 further includes an OAS outside air inlet control value 454a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet control value 454da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet control value 454db, interior space main mixed air outlet control values 454e, interior space modified mixed air outlet control values 454f, an interior space exhaust air outlet fan, blower, or pump 454g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway control values 454h, and exterior wall exhaust air passageway mounts 456.

The HC apparatus or system 404 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 460a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 412c and (b) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca from the piHVDAC unit 422a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 430 to form a mixed air 460d. The mixed air 460d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 422a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca, (b) the siHVDAC unit 422b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb, (c) the interior space main outlet conduit 452e ultimately to form an interior space exhaust air 460e, and (d) and the exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h. Thus, a pressure in the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e is higher than a pressure in the interior space 402g. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 460e from the interior space 402g via the interior space exhaust air vent 452g pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 454h to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 460e, which is enters the ERV unit 442 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 460e with the ERV outside air 460a, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams to form an ERV modified interior space exhaust air 460f and the ERV modified outside air 460b. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb from the piHVDAC unit 422b is mixed with the mixed air 460d in the interior space main outlet conduit 452e to from a modified mixed air 460g and supplied to the interior space 402g, wherein the amount of the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 422a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 404.

Referring now to FIG. 4C, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 400, is shown to include a top 402a, a top space 402b, exterior walls 402c, a ceiling 402d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 402f, an interior space 402g, a slab 402h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 404.

The HC apparatus or system 404 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 410 including an OAS inlet 412a, a OAS inlet conduit 412b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 412c, and an OAS outlet 412d.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 420 comprising (a) a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 422a including a piHVDAC inlet 424aa, and a piHVDAC outlet 424ab and (b) a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 426a having peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 428a. The HVDAC assembly or system 420 further comprises (c) a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 422b having a siHVDAC inlet 424ba, and a siHVDAC outlet 424bb and (d) a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 426b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 428b.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 430 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e having an OAS outside air inlet 432a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432da, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432db, interior space main mixed air outlets 432e, interior space modified mixed air vent inlets 432f, an interior space exhaust vent outlet 432g, and exterior wall mixed air outlets 432h.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 450 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 452a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 452da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet conduit 452db, an interior space main outlet conduit 452e, interior space modified mixed air outlet vents 452f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 452g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h, and interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 452j.

The AD assembly or subsystem 450 further includes an OAS outside air inlet control value 454a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet control value 454da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet control value 454db, interior space main mixed air outlet control values 454e, interior space modified mixed air outlet control values 454f, an interior space exhaust air outlet fan, blower, or pump 454g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway control values 454h, and exterior wall exhaust air passageway mounts 456.

The HC apparatus or system 404 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 460a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 412c and (b) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca from the piHVDAC unit 422a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 430 to form a mixed air 460d. The mixed air 460d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 422a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca, (b) the siHVDAC unit 422b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb, (c) the interior space main outlet conduit 452e ultimately to form an interior space exhaust air 460e, and (d) and the exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h. Thus, a pressure in the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e is higher than a pressure in the interior space 402g. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 460e from the interior space 402g via the interior space exhaust air vent 452g pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 454h to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 460e, which is enters the ERV unit 442 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 460e with the ERV outside air 460a, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams to form an ERV modified interior space exhaust air 460f and the ERV modified outside air 460b. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb from the piHVDAC unit 422b is mixed with the mixed air 460d in the interior space main outlet conduit 452e to from a modified mixed air 460g and supplied to the interior space 402g, wherein the amount of the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 422a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 404.

Referring now to FIG. 4D, an embodiment of a residential or commercial structure, the structure, generally 400, is shown to include a top 402a, a top space 402b, exterior walls 402c, a ceiling 402d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e, an attic or overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 402f, an interior space 402g, a slab 402h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 404.

The HC apparatus or system 404 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 410 including an OAS inlet 412a, an OAS inlet conduit 412b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 412c, and an OAS outlet 412d.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 420 comprising (a) a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 422a including a piHVDAC inlet 424aa, and a piHVDAC outlet 424ab and (b) a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 426a having peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 428a. The HVDAC assembly or system 420 further comprises (c) a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 422b having a siHVDAC inlet 424ba, and a siHVDAC outlet 424bb and (d) a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 426b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 428b.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 430 including the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e having an OAS outside air inlet 432a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 432cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432da, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 432db, interior space main mixed air outlets 432e, interior space modified mixed air vent inlets 432f, an interior space exhaust vent outlet 432g, and exterior wall mixed air outlets 432h.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 440 having an ERV unit 442 including an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 444a, an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 444b, an ERV outside air inlet 444c, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 444d, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet 444e, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 444f, an ERV modified outside air outlet 444g, and an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 444h.

The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 450 includes an OAS outside air inlet conduit 452a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 452cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 452da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet conduit 452db, an interior space main outlet conduit 452e, interior space modified mixed air outlet vents 452f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 452g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h, and interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 452j.

The AD assembly or subsystem 450 further includes an OAS outside air inlet control value 454a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet control value 454cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet control value 454da, a siHVDAC mixed air inlet control value 454db, interior space main mixed air outlet control values 454e, interior space modified mixed air outlet control values 454f, an interior space exhaust air outlet fan, blower, or pump 454g, exterior wall exhaust air passageway control values 454h, an ERV modified outside air interior space inlet vent 454i, and exterior wall exhaust air passageway mounts 456.

The HC apparatus or system 404 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 460a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 412c and (b) a piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca from the piHVDAC unit 422a, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 430 to form a mixed air 460d. The mixed air 460d is then supplied to: (a) the piHVDAC unit 422a to form the piHVDAC fully conditioned air 460ca, (b) the siHVDAC unit 422b to form a siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb, (c) the interior space main outlet conduit 452e ultimately to form an interior space exhaust air 460e, and (d) and the exterior wall exhaust air passageway conduits 452h. Thus, a pressure in the airtight or essentially airtight attic or overhead space 402e is higher than a pressure in the interior space 402g. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 460e from the interior space 402g via the interior space exhaust air vent 452g pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 454h to pressurize the interior space exhaust air 460e, which is enters the ERV unit 442 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 460e with the ERV outside air 460a, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams to form an ERV modified interior space exhaust air 460f and the ERV modified outside air 460b. Additionally, the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb from the piHVDAC unit 422b is mixed with the mixed air 460d in the interior space main outlet conduit 452e to from a modified mixed air 460g and supplied to the interior space 402g, wherein the amount of the siHVDAC fully conditioned air 460cb will depend on the temperature desired in the interior space if it is lower than what the piHVDAC unit 422a can provide.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems are supplied from the internal power of the structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 404 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 404.

It should be recognized that the above embodiments have the box or attic or overhead space have a relatively higher pressure than the interior space, by changing certain control valves to fans, blowers, or pumps and certain fans, blowers, or pumps, the relative pressure in the box or attic or overhead space may be lower than pressure than the interior space as described below.

Residential Structures with Attic-Based Heating and Cooling Apparatuses or Systems

Referring now to FIG. 5A, an embodiment of a small residential structure, generally 500, is shown to include a roof 502a, rafters 502b, exterior walls 502c, a ceiling 502d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 502e, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 502f, an interior space 502g, a slab 502h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 504.

The HC apparatus or system 504 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 510 having an OAS outside air inlet 512a, an OAS inlet conduit 512b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 512c, and an OAS pressurized outside air outlet 512d.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 520 comprising an internal HVDAC unit 522 including an internal HVDAC inlet 524a, an internal HVDAC outlet 524b, and an external HVDAC unit 526 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 528.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 530 including an OAS outside air inlet 532a, an ERV modified outside air outlet 532b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 532c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 532d, interior space mixed air outlets 532e, interior space mixed air vent outlets 532f, an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 532g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlets 532h.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 540 comprising an ERV unit 542 including an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 544a, an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 544b, an ERV outside air inlet 544c, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 544d, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet 544e, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 544f, an ERV modified outside air outlet 544g, and an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 544h.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 550 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 552a, an ERV modified outside air outlet vent 552b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 552c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 552d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 552e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 552f, an ERV interior space exhaust air vent 522g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 552h.

The AD assembly or subsystem 550 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 554a, an ERV modified outside air control value 554b, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 554c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 554d, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 554e, an ERV interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 554g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 554h, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet mounts 556, and exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 558.

The HC apparatus or system 504 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS pressurized outside air 560a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 512c and (b) a fully conditioned air 560c from the HVDAC unit 522, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 530 to form a mixed air 560d. The mixed air 560d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC unit 522 to form the fully conditioned air 560c, (b) the interior space 502g to form an interior space exhaust air 560e, and (c) the exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 552h. Thus, a pressure in the attic 502e is higher than a pressure in the interior space 502g. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 560e from the interior space 502g via the ERV interior space exhaust air outlet 532g pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 554g and by supplying an ERV modified outside air 560b to the interior space 502g via the ERV modified outside air vent 552b. The interior space exhaust air 560e is supplied to the ERV unit 542 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 560e with the outdoor air 560a to form the ERV modified outside air 560b and a modified interior space exhaust air 560f, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 504.

Small Residential Structure with HC Apparatus or System and Pressurized Interior

Referring now to FIG. 5B, an embodiment of a small residential structure, generally 500, is shown to include a roof 502a, rafters 502b, exterior walls 502c, a ceiling 502d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 502e, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 502f, an interior space 502g, a slab 502h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 504.

The HC apparatus or system 504 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 510 having an OAS inlet 512a, an OAS inlet conduit 512b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 512c, and an OAS outlet 512d.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 520 having an internal HVDAC unit 522 having an internal HVDAC inlet 524a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 524b and an external HVDAC unit 526 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 528.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 530 including an OAS outside air inlet 532a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 532c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 532d, interior space mixed air outlets 532e, interior space mixed air vent outlets 532f, an interior space exhaust air outlet 532g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlets 532h.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 550 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 552a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 552c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 552d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 552e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 552f, an interior space air outlet vent 552g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 552h, and interior space exhaust air outlet conduits 552i.

The AD assembly or subsystem 552 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 556a, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 556c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 556d, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 556e, an interior space exhaust air control value 556g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 556h, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet mounts 558, and exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 560.

The HC apparatus or system 504 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 560a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 512c and (b) a fully conditioned air 560c from the HVDAC unit 522, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 550 to form a mixed air 560d. The mixed air 560d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 520 to form the fully conditioned air 560c and (b) the interior space 502g to form an interior space exhaust air 560e. Thus, a pressure in the attic 502e is higher than a pressure in the interior space 502g.

The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 560e from the interior space 502g via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 552i and the interior space exhaust air outlet control valve 554g and out through the exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 558.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 504.

Small Residential Structure with HC Apparatus or System Including Wall Insulation Constructs and Wall and Window Air Passageways and Pressurized Attic

Referring now to FIG. 5C, an embodiment of a small residential structure, generally 500, is shown to include a roof 502a, rafters 502b, exterior walls 502c, a ceiling 502d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 502e, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 502f, an interior space 502g, a slab 502h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 504.

The HC apparatus or system 504 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 510 having an OAS inlet 512a, an OAS inlet conduit 512b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 512c, and an OAS outlet 512d.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 520 having an internal HVDAC unit 522 having an internal HVDAC inlet 524a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 524b and an external HVDAC unit 526 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 528.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 530 including an OAS outside air inlet 532a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 532c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 532d, interior space mixed air outlets 532e, interior space mixed air vent outlets 532f, an interior space exhaust air outlet 532g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlets 532h.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 550 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 552a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 552c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 552d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 552e, an interior space mixed air outlet vent 552f, an interior space exhaust air vent 552g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 552h.

The AD assembly or subsystem 552 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 554a, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 554c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 554d, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 554e, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 554g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet control valves 554h, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet mounts 556, and exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 558.

Each of the exterior walls 502c includes a brick or exterior wall material 580a, an inner exterior wall material 580b, structural insulation forms or constructs 580c, structural insulation form or construct ties 580d, an wall and window mixed air passageways 580e, a window assembly 580f, window mounts 580g, a window sill 580h, and window panes 580i.

The HC apparatus or system 504 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS pressurized outside air 560a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 512c and (b) a fully conditioned air 560c from the HDVAC unit 542. The mixed air 560d is then supplied to: (a) the HDVAC unit 522 to form the fully conditioned air 560c and (b) the interior space 502g to form the interior exhaust air 560e. The interior space exhaust air 560e exits the interior space 502g via the outlet 532g through the fan, blower, or pump 554g into the exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 552h and out through the exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 558. A pressure in the attic 502e is higher than a pressure in the interior space 502g.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 504.

Small Residential Structure with HC Apparatus or System Including Wall Insulation Constructs and Wall and Window Air Passageways and Pressurized Interior Space

Referring now to FIG. 5D, an embodiment of a small residential structure, generally 500, is shown to include a roof 502a, rafters 502b, exterior walls 502c, a ceiling 502d, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 502e, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 502f, an interior space 502g, a slab 502h, and a heating and cooling (HC) apparatus or system 504.

The HC apparatus or system 504 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 510 having an OAS inlet 512a, an OAS inlet conduit 512b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 512c, and an OAS outlet 512d.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 520 comprising (a) a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 522a including a piHVDAC inlet 524aa, and a piHVDAC outlet 524ab; (b) a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 526a having peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 528a; (c) a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 522b having a siHVDAC inlet 524ba, and a siHVDAC outlet 524bb; and (d) a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 526b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 528b.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 530 including an OAS outside air inlet 532a, an ERV modified outside air inlet 532b, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 532ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 532cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 532da, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 532db, an interior space mixed air outlet 532e, interior space mixed air inlets 532f, an interior space exhaust outlet 532g, exterior wall mixed air outlets 532h, and an interior space exhaust air inlet 532i, and an ERV mixed air outlet 532j.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 540 comprising an ERV unit 542 including an ERV mixed air inlet 544a, an ERV mixed air inlet conduit 544b, an ERV outside air inlet 544c, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 544d, an ERV modified mixed air outlet 544e, an ERV modified mixed air outlet conduit 544f, an ERV modified outside air outlet 544g, and an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 544h.

The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 550 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 552a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 552ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 552cb, a pi HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 552da, a si HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 552db, an interior space main modified mixed air outlet conduit 552e, interior space modified mixed air outlet vents 552f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 552g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 552h, and an interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 552i.

The AD assembly or subsystem 550 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 554a, a piHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 554ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 554cb, a pi HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 554da, a si HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 554db, an interior space mixed air outlet control valve 554e, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 554f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent control valve 554g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 554h, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet mounts 556, and exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 558.

Each of the exterior walls 502f includes a brick or exterior wall material 580a, an inner exterior wall material 580b, structural insulation forms or constructs 580c, structural insulation form or construct ties 580d, an wall and window mixed air passageways 580e, a window assembly 580f, window mounts 580g, a window sill 580h, and window panes 580i.

The HC apparatus or system 504 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS pressurized outside air 560a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 512c, (b) an ERV modified outside air 560b, (c) a fully conditioned air 560c from the HDVAC assembly or subsystem 540, and (d) an interior space exhaust air 560e via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 552i and the interior space exhaust air inlet 532i, which mix in the AM assembly or subsystem 530 to form a mixed air 560d. The mixed air 560d is then supplied to: (a) the HDVAC assembly or subsystem 540 to form the fully conditioned air 568, (b) the interior space 502g to form the interior exhaust air 560e, (c) the ERV assembly or subsystem 550 to form the ERV modified outside air 560b and (d) the interior space exhaust air 560e exits the interior space 502g via the outlet 532g through the fan, blower, or pump 554g into the exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 552i and out through the exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 558. Thus, a pressure in the attic 502d is lower than a pressure in the interior space 502g.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 504 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 504.

Large Residential Structure with Two HC Apparatuses or Systems and Pressurized Attic

Referring now to FIG. 6A, an embodiment of a large residential structure, generally 600, is shown to include a roof 602a, rafters 602b, exterior walls 602c, an interior wall 602d, a ceiling 602e, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 602f, an attic partition 602g, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 602h, interior spaces 602i, a slab 602j, and two heating and cooling (HC) apparatuses or systems 604.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 610 comprising an OAS outside air inlet 612a, an OAS inlet conduit 612b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 612c, and an OAS pressurized outside air outlet 612d.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 620 comprising an internal HVDAC unit 622 including an internal HVDAC inlet 624a, an internal HVDAC outlet 624b, and an external HVDAC unit 626 including external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 628.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 630 comprising an OAS outside air inlet 632a, an ERV modified outside air inlet 632b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 632c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 632d, interior space mixed air outlets 632e, interior space mixed air vent outlets 632f, an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 632g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlets 632h.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 640 comprising an ERV unit 642 including an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 644a, an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 644b, an ERV outside air inlet 644c, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 644d, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet 644e, an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit 644f, an ERV modified outside air outlet 644g, and an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 644h.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 650 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 652a, an ERV modified outside air outlet vent 652b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 652c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 652d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 652e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 652f, an ERV interior space exhaust air vent 652g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 652h.

The AD assembly or subsystem 650 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 654a, an ERV modified outside air outlet control valve 654b, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 654c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 654d, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 654e, an ERV interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 654g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 654h, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet mounts 656, and exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 658.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS pressurized outside air 660a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 612c and (b) a fully conditioned air 660c from the HVDAC unit 622, which mix in the AM assembly or subsystem 630 to form a mixed air 660d. The mixed air 660d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC units 622 to form the fully conditioned air 660c, (b) the interior space 602i to form an interior space exhaust air 660e, and (c) the exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 652h. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 660e from the interior spaces 602i via the ERV interior space exhaust air vent 652g pressurized by the ERV interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 654g and by supplying an ERV modified outside air 660b to the interior space 602i via the ERV modified outside air vent 652b. The interior space exhaust air 660e is supplied to the ERV unit 642 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 660e with the outdoor air 560a to form the ERV modified outside air 660b and a modified interior space exhaust air 660f, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the air streams. In this embodiment, a pressure in the attic 602f is higher than a pressure in the interior spaces 602i. By reversing some of the control valves and the blowers, fans, and pumps, the pressure in the attic 602f may be lower than the pressure in the interior spaces 602i. Additionally, the control values and the blowers, fans, and pumps may be adjusted to achieve any relative pressure differences in the attic 602f and the interior spaces 602i.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 604 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 604.

Large Residential Structure with HC Apparatus or System and Pressurized Interior

Referring now to FIG. 6B, an embodiment of a large residential structure, generally 600, is shown to include a roof 602a, rafters 602b, exterior walls 602c, an interior wall 602d, a ceiling 602e, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 602f, an attic partition 602g, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 602h, interior spaces 602i, a slab 602j, and two heating and cooling (HC) apparatuses or systems 604.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 610 having an OAS inlet 612a, an OAS inlet conduit 612b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 612c, and an OAS outlet 612d.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 620 having an internal HVDAC unit 622 having an internal HVDAC inlet 624a, and an internal HVDAC outlet 624b and an external HVDAC unit 626 having external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 628.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 630 including an OAS outside air inlet 632a, an ERV modified outside air outlet 632b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 632c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 632d, interior space mixed air outlets 632e, interior space mixed air vent outlets 632f, an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet 632g, and exterior wall mixed air passageway outlets 632h.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 650 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 652a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 652c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 652d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 652e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 652f, an interior space exhaust air vent 652g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 652h, and an interior space exhaust air conduit 652i.

The AD assembly or subsystem 650 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 654a, an ERV modified outside air control value 654b, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 654c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 654d, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 654e, an ERV interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 654g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 654h, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet mounts 656, and exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 658.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 660a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 612c and (b) a fully conditioned air 660c from the HVDAC unit 622, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 630 to form a mixed air 660d. The mixed air 660d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 620 to form the fully conditioned air 660c and (b) the interior space 602i to form an interior space exhaust air 660e. Thus, a pressure in the attic 602f is higher than a pressure in the interior space 602i. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 660e from the interior space 602i via the interior space exhaust air outlet 632g, through the interior space exhaust air vent 652g, through the interior exhaust air control valve 654g, through the interior space exhaust air conduit 652i, and out through the exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 658.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 604 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 604.

Large Residential Structure with HC Apparatus or System Including Wall Insulation Constructs and Wall and Window Air Passageways and Pressurized Attic

Referring now to FIG. 6C, an embodiment of a large residential structure, generally 600, is shown to include a roof 602a, rafters 602b, exterior walls 602c, an interior wall 602d, a ceiling 602e, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 602f, an attic partition 602g, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 602h, interior spaces 602i, a slab 602j, and two heating and cooling (HC) apparatuses or systems 604.

Each of the HC apparatus or system 604 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 610 comprising an OAS outside air inlet 612a, an OAS inlet conduit 612b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 612c, and an OAS pressurized outside air outlet 612d.

Each of the HC apparatus or system 604 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 620 comprising an internal HVDAC unit 622 including an internal HVDAC inlet 624a, an internal HVDAC outlet 624b, and an external HVDAC unit 626 including external HVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 628.

Each of the HC apparatus or system 604 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 630 comprising an OAS outside air inlet 632a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 632c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 632d, interior space mixed air outlets 632e, interior space mixed air vent outlets 632f, an interior space exhaust air outlet 632g, and exterior wall interior space exhaust air passageway outlets 632h.

Each of the HC apparatus or system 604 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 650 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 652a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 652c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 652d, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 652e, interior space mixed air outlet vents 652f, an interior space exhaust air vent 652g, and exterior wall interior space exhaust air passageway outlet conduits 652h.

The AD assembly or subsystem 650 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 654a, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 654c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 654d, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 654e, an interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 654g, an exterior wall interior space exhaust air passageway outlet control valve 654h, an exterior wall interior space exhaust air passageway outlet mount 656, and exterior wall interior space exhaust air exhaust outlets, ports, or weep holes 658.

Each of the exterior walls 602c includes a brick or exterior wall material 680a, an inner exterior wall material 680b, structural insulation forms or constructs 680c, structural insulation form or construct ties 680d, an wall and window mixed air passageways 680e, a window assembly 680f, window mounts 680g, a window sill 680h, and window panes 680i.

Each of the HC apparatus or system 604 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS pressurized outside air 660a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 612c and (b) a fully conditioned air 660c from the HVDAC unit 622, which mix in the AM assembly or subsystem 630 to form a mixed air 660d. The mixed air 660d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC units 622 to form the fully conditioned air 660c and (b) the interior space 602i to form an interior space exhaust air 660e. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 660e from the interior space 602i via the interior space exhaust air vent 652g pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 654g via the interior space exhaust air conduit 652h, and out through the exterior wall interior space exhaust air exhaust outlets, ports, or weep holes 658. In this embodiment, a pressure in the attic 602f is higher than a pressure in the interior spaces 602i. By reversing some of the control valves and the blowers, fans, and pumps, the pressure in the attic 602f may be lower than the pressure in the interior spaces 602i. Additionally, the control values and the blowers, fans, and pumps may be adjusted to achieve any relative pressure differences in the attic 602f and the interior spaces 602i.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 604 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 604.

Large Residential Structure with HC Apparatus or System Including Wall Insulation Constructs and Wall and Window Air Passageways and Pressurized Interior Spaces

Referring now to FIG. 6D, an embodiment of a large residential structure, generally 600, is shown to include a roof 602a, rafters 602b, exterior walls 602c, an interior wall 602d, a ceiling 602e, an airtight or essentially airtight attic 602f, an attic partition 602g, an attic thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 602h, interior spaces 602i, a slab 602j, and two heating and cooling (HC) apparatuses or systems 604.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 610 comprising an OAS outside air inlet 612a, an OAS inlet conduit 612b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 612c, and an OAS pressurized outside air outlet 612d.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 620 comprising (a) a primary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (piHVDAC) unit 622a including a piHVDAC inlet 624aa, and a piHVDAC outlet 624ab and (b) a primary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (peHVDAC) unit 626a having peHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 628a. The HVDAC assembly or system 620 further comprises (c) a secondary internal heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (siHVDAC) unit 622b having a siHVDAC inlet 624ba, and a siHVDAC outlet 624bb and (d) a secondary external heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (seHVDAC) unit 626b having seHVDAC coolant inlet and outlet conduits 628b.

Each of the HC apparatus or system 604 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 630 comprising an OAS outside air inlet 632a, an ERV mixed air outlet 632b, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 632ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 632cb, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 632da, a piHVDAC mixed air outlet 632db, interior space mixed air outlets 632e, interior space modified mixed air vent inlets 632f, an interior space exhaust vent outlet 632g, and exterior wall mixed air outlets 632h.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 640 comprising an ERV unit 642 including an ERV mixed air inlet 644a, an ERV mixed air inlet conduit 644b, an ERV outside air inlet 644c, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 644d, an ERV modified mixed air outlet 644e, an ERV modified mixed air outlet conduit 644f, an ERV modified outside air outlet 644g, and an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 644h.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 650 comprising an OAS outside air inlet conduit 652a, a piHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 652ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 652ca, a pi HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 652da, a si HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 652db, an interior space mixed air outlet conduit 652e, interior space modified mixed air outlet vents 652f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 652g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 652h, and an interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 652i.

The AD assembly or subsystem 650 further comprising an OAS pressurized outside air control valve 654a, a piHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 654ca, a siHVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 654cb, a pi HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 654da, a si HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 654db, an interior space mixed air outlet control valve 654e, interior space modified mixed air outlet control valves 654f, an interior space exhaust air outlet vent 654g, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet conduits 654h, exterior wall mixed air passageway outlet mounts 656, and exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 658.

Each of the exterior walls 602c includes a brick or exterior wall material 680a, an inner exterior wall material 680b, structural insulation forms or constructs 680c, structural insulation form or construct ties 680d, an wall and window mixed air passageways 680e, a window assembly 680f, window mounts 680g, a window sill 680h, and window panes 680i.

Each of the HC apparatuses or systems 604 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS pressurized outside air 660a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 612c, (b) an ERV modified outside air 660b, (c) a fully conditioned air 660ca from the piHDVAC unit 622a, and (d) an interior space exhaust air 660e, which mix in the AM assembly or subsystem 630 to form a mixed air 660d. The mixed air 660d is then supplied to: (a) the piHDVAC unit 622a to form the fully conditioned air 660ca, (b) the siHDVAC unit 622b to form a fully conditioned air 660cb, (c) the ERV unit 642 to form the ERV modified mixed air 660b, and (d) the wall and window air passage ways 680e via the wall and window air passageway control valves 654h and the wall and window air passageway conduits 652h and out through the exterior wall mixed air outlets, ports, or weep holes 658. Additionally, the mixed air 660d is mixed with the fully conditioned air 660cb to form a modified mixed air 660g, wherein the modified mixed air 660g has different air properties than the mixed air 660d, namely a lower temperature as well as modified humidity and other air properties. After, the modified mixed air 660g enters the interior space 602i cooling or heating the interior space 602i to form the interior space exhaust air 660d. Again, a pressure in the attic 602d is lower than a pressure in the interior space 602i.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 604 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 604.

Commercial Structures with Overhead-Based Heating and Cooling Apparatuses or Systems

Referring now to FIG. 7A, an embodiment of a commercial structure, generally 700, is shown to include a roof 702a, an overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 702b, exterior walls 702c, exterior wall inner layer 702d, an interior wall 702e, ceilings 702f, floors 702g, a stab 702h, an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space 702i, interior spaces 702j, and an heating and cooling (HC) apparatus/system 704.

The HC apparatus or system 704 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 710 having an OAS inlet 712a, an OAS inlet conduit 712b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 712c, and an OAS outlet 712d.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 720 having an HVDAC inlet 722a, an HVDAC outlet 722b, an external HVDAC compressor unit 722c, and external HVDAC compressor unit coolant in and out conduits 722d.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 730 having an OAS outside air inlet 732a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 732c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 732d, an interior space main mixed air outlet 732e, interior space mixed air outlets 732f, interior space exhaust air outlets 732g, interior space exhaust air main outlets 732h, and wall and window passageway interior space exhaust air outlets 732j.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 750 having an OAS outside air inlet conduit 752a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 752c, interior space exhaust air inlet conduits 752d, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 752e, an interior space main mixed air outlet conduit 752f, interior space floor mixed air outlet conduits 752g, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 752h, wall and window passageway mixed air outlet conduits 752j, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 752k, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 752l, interior space main mixed air outlet control valve 752m, interior space floor mixed air outlet control valves 752n, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 752o, interior space exhaust air outlet blowers, fans, or pumps 752p, and wall and window mixed air passageway control valves 752q.

The HC apparatus or system 704 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 760a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 712c and (b) a fully conditioned air 760c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 720, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 730 to form a mixed air 760d. The mixed air 760d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 720 to form the fully conditioned air 760c and (b) the interior space 702g to form an interior space exhaust air 760e. Thus, a pressure in the overhead space 702i is higher than a pressure in the interior spaces 702j. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 760e from the interior space 702j via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 742d pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 742p and exhausted to the surrounding again via the interior space exhaust air out conduit 742d.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 704.

It should be recognized that by changing certain control valves and blowers, fans, or pumps the pressure in the overhead space and the interior spaces may be changed so that the pressure in the overhead space is lower than the pressure in the interior spaces as described above for the residential structures.

Referring now to FIG. 7B, an embodiment of a commercial structure, generally 700, is shown to include a roof 702a, an overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 702b, exterior walls 702c, exterior wall inner layer 702d, an interior wall 702e, ceilings 702f, floors 702g, a stab 702h, an overhead space 702i, interior spaces 702j, and an heating and cooling (HC) apparatus/system 704.

The HC apparatus or system 704 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 710 having an OAS inlet 712a, an OAS inlet conduit 712b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 712c, and an OAS outlet 712d.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 720 having an HVDAC inlet 722a, an HVDAC outlet 722b, an external HVDAC compressor unit 722c, and external HVDAC compressor unit coolant in and out conduits 722d.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 730 having an OAS outside air inlet 732a, an ERV modified outside air inlet 732b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 732c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 732d, an interior space main mixed air outlet 732e, interior space mixed air outlets 732f, interior space exhaust air outlets 732g, interior space exhaust air main outlets 732h, an ERV mixed air outlet 732i, and wall and window passageway mixed air outlets 732j

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 740 having an ERV unit 742 including an ERV outside air inlet 744a, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 744b, an ERV mixed air inlet 744c, an ERV modified mixed air inlet conduit 744d, an ERV modified outside air outlet 744e, an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 744f, an ERV modified mixed air outlet 744g, and an ERV modified mixed air outlet conduit 744h.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 750 having an OAS outside air inlet conduit 752a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 752c, interior space exhaust air inlet conduits 752d, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 752e, an interior space main mixed air outlet conduit 752f, interior space floor mixed air outlet conduits 752g, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 752h, wall and window passageway mixed air outlet conduits 752j, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 752k, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 752l, interior space main mixed air outlet control valve 752m, interior space floor mixed air outlet control valves 752n, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 752o, interior space exhaust air outlet blowers, fans, or pumps 752p, and wall and window mixed air passageway control valves 752q.

The HC apparatus or system 704 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 760a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 712c, (b) an ERV modified outside air 760b from the ERV assembly or subsystem 740, and (c) a fully conditioned air 760c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 720, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 730 to form a mixed air 760d. The mixed air 760d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 720 to form the fully conditioned air 760c, (b) the interior space 702j to form an interior space exhaust air 760e, and (c) an ERV assembly of subsystem 740 to form a modified mixed air 760f, which is exhausted to the surrounding via the ERV modified mixed air outlet conduit 744h. Thus, a pressure in the overhead space 702i is higher than a pressure in the interior spaces 702j. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 760e from the interior space 702j via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 752d pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 752p. The interior space exhaust air 760e is then exhausted via the ERV assembly or subsystem 740 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 760e with the outdoor air 706a to from the ERV modified outside air 760b and the ERV modified interior space exhaust air 760f, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 704.

It should be recognized that by changing certain control valves and blowers, fans, or pumps the pressure in the overhead space and the interior spaces may be changed so that the pressure in the overhead space is lower than the pressure in the interior spaces as described above for the residential structures.

Referring now to FIG. 7C, an embodiment of a commercial structure, generally 700, is shown to include a roof 702a, an overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 702b, exterior walls 702c, exterior wall inner layer 702d, an interior wall 702e, ceilings 702f, floors 702g, a stab 702h, an overhead space 702i, interior spaces 702j, and an heating and cooling (HC) apparatus/system 704.

The HC apparatus or system 704 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 710 having an OAS inlet 712a, an OAS inlet conduit 712b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 712c, and an OAS outlet 712d.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes a a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 720 having an HVDAC inlet 722a, an HVDAC outlet 722b, an external HVDAC compressor unit 722c, and external HVDAC compressor unit coolant in and out conduits 722d.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 730 having an OAS outside air inlet 732a, an ERV outside air inlet 732b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 732c, interior space main exhaust air inlets 732d, interior space exhaust air inlets 732e, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 732f, an interior space main mixed air outlet 732g, interior space mixed air outlets 732h, an ERV mixed air outlet 732i, and wall and window passageway mixed air outlets 732j.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 740 having an ERV unit 742 including an ERV outside air inlet 744a, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 744b, an ERV mixed air inlet 744c, an ERV modified outside air outlet 744e, an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 744f, an ERV modified mixed air outlet 744g, and an ERV modified mixed air outlet conduit 744h.

The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 750 having an OAS outside air inlet conduit 752a, an ERV modified outside air inlet conduit 752b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 752c, interior space exhaust air inlet conduits 752d, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 752e, an interior space main mixed air outlet conduit 752f, interior space floor mixed air outlet conduits 752g, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 752h, an ERV mixed air outlet conduit 752i, wall and window passageway mixed air outlet conduits 752j, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 752k, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 752l, interior space main mixed air outlet control valve 752m, interior space floor mixed air outlet control valves 752n, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 752o, interior space exhaust air outlet blowers, fans, or pumps 752p, wall and window mixed air passageway control valves 752q, and an interior space main mixed air outlet 752r.

The HC apparatus or system 704 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 760a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 712c, (b) an ERV outside air 760b from the ERV assembly or subsystem 750, and (c) a fully conditioned air 760c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 720, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 730 to form a mixed air 760d. The mixed air 760d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 720 to form the fully conditioned air 760c and (b) the interior space 702g to form an interior space exhaust air 760e. Thus, a pressure in the attic 702d is higher than a pressure in the interior spaces 702j. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 760e from the interior spaces 702j via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 742d pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 742p. The interior space exhaust air 760e is then exhausted via the ERV assembly or subsystem 740 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 760e with the outdoor air 706a to from the ERV modified outside air 760b and the ERV modified interior space exhaust air 760f, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 704 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 704.

It should be recognized that by changing certain control valves and blowers, fans, or pumps the pressure in the overhead space and the interior spaces may be changed so that the pressure in the overhead space is lower than the pressure in the interior spaces as described above for the residential structures.

Referring now to FIG. 8A, an embodiment of a commercial structure, generally 800, is shown to include a roof 802a, an overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 802b, exterior walls 802c, exterior wall inner layer 802d, an interior wall 802e, ceilings 802f, floors 802g, a stab 802h, an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space 802i, interior spaces 802j, and an heating and cooling (HC) apparatus/system 804.

The HC apparatus or system 804 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 810 having an OAS inlet 812a, an OAS inlet conduit 812b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 812c, and an OAS outlet 812d.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 820 having an HVDAC inlet 822a, an HVDAC outlet 822b, an external HVDAC compressor unit 822c, and external HVDAC compressor unit coolant in and out conduits 822d.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 830 having an OAS outside air inlet 832a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 832c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 832d, an interior space main mixed air outlet 832e, interior space mixed air outlets 832f, interior space exhaust air outlets 832g, interior space exhaust air main outlets 832h, and wall and window passageway interior space exhaust air outlets 832j.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 850 having an OAS outside air inlet conduit 852a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 852c, interior space exhaust air inlet conduits 852d, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 852e, an interior space main mixed air outlet conduit 852f, interior space floor mixed air outlet conduits 852g, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 852h, wall and window passageway mixed air outlet conduits 852j, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 852k, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 852l, interior space main mixed air outlet control valve 852m, interior space floor mixed air outlet control valves 852n, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 852o, interior space exhaust air outlet blowers, fans, or pumps 852p, and wall and window mixed air passageway control valves 852q.

The HC apparatus or system 804 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 760a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 812c and (b) a fully conditioned air 760c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 820, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 830 to form a mixed air 760d. The mixed air 860d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 820 to form the fully conditioned air 860c and (b) the interior space 802g to form an interior space exhaust air 760e. Thus, a pressure in the attic 802d is higher than a pressure in the interior space 802j. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 860e from the interior space 802j via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 842d pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 842p and exhausted to the surrounding again via the interior space exhaust air out conduit 842d.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 804.

Referring now to FIG. 8B, an embodiment of a commercial structure, generally 800, is shown to include a roof 802a, an overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 802b, exterior walls 802c, exterior wall inner layer 802d, an interior wall 802e, ceilings 802f, floors 802g, a stab 802h, an overhead space 802i, interior spaces 802j, and an heating and cooling (HC) apparatus/system 804.

The HC apparatus or system 804 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 810 having an OAS inlet 812a, an OAS inlet conduit 812b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 812c, and an OAS outlet 812d.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 820 having an HVDAC inlet 822a, an HVDAC outlet 822b, an external HVDAC compressor unit 822c, and external HVDAC compressor unit coolant in and out conduits 822d.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 830 having an OAS outside air inlet 832a, an ERV modified outside air inlet 832b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 832c, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 832d, an interior space main mixed air outlet 832e, interior space mixed air outlets 832f, interior space exhaust air outlets 832g, interior space exhaust air main outlets 832h, an ERV mixed air outlet 832i, and wall and window passageway mixed air outlets 832j

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 840 having an ERV unit 842 including an ERV outside air inlet 844a, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 844b, an ERV mixed air inlet 844c, an ERV modified mixed air inlet conduit 844d, an ER V modified outside air outlet 844e, an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 844f, an ERV modified mixed air outlet 844g, and an ER V modified mixed air outlet conduit 844h.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 850 having an OAS outside air inlet conduit 852a, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 852c, interior space exhaust air inlet conduits 852d, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 852e, an interior space main mixed air outlet conduit 852f, interior space floor mixed air outlet conduits 852g, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 852h, wall and window passageway mixed air outlet conduits 852j, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 852k, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 852l, interior space main mixed air outlet control valve 852m, interior space floor mixed air outlet control valves 852n, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 852o, interior space exhaust air outlet blowers, fans, or pumps 852p, and wall and window mixed air passageway control valves 852q.

The HC apparatus or system 804 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 860a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 812c, (b) an ERV modified outside air 860b from the ERV assembly or subsystem 840, and (c) a fully conditioned air 860c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 820, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 830 to form a mixed air 860d. The mixed air 860d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 820 to form the fully conditioned air 860c, (b) the interior space 802j to form an interior space exhaust air 860e, and (c) an ERV assembly of subsystem 840 to form a modified mixed air 860f, which is exhausted to the surrounding via the ER V modified mixed air outlet conduit 844h. Thus, a pressure in the overhead space 802i is higher than a pressure in the interior spaces 802j. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 860e from the interior space 802j via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 852d pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 852p. The interior space exhaust air 860e is then exhausted via the ERV assembly or subsystem 840 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 860e with the outdoor air 806a to from the ERV modified outside air 860b and the ERV modified interior space exhaust air 860f, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 804.

It should be recognized that by changing certain control valves and blowers, fans, or pumps the pressure in the overhead space and the interior spaces may be changed so that the pressure in the overhead space is lower than the pressure in the interior spaces as described above for the residential structures.

Referring now to FIG. 8C, an embodiment of a commercial structure, generally 800, is shown to include a roof 802a, an overhead space thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member 802b, exterior walls 802c, exterior wall inner layer 802d, an interior wall 802e, ceilings 802f, floors 802g, a stab 802h, an overhead space 802i, interior spaces 802j, and an heating and cooling (HC) apparatus/system 804.

The HC apparatus or system 804 includes an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem 810 having an OAS inlet 812a, an OAS inlet conduit 812b, an OAS blower, fan or pump 812c, and an OAS outlet 812d.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes a a heating, ventilation, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assembly or subsystem 820 having an HVDAC inlet 822a, an HVDAC outlet 822b, an external HVDAC compressor unit 822c, and external HVDAC compressor unit coolant in and out conduits 822d.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem 830 having an OAS outside air inlet 832a, an ERV outside air inlet 832b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet 832c, interior space main exhaust air inlets 832d, interior space exhaust air inlets 832e, a HVDAC mixed air outlet 832f, an interior space main mixed air outlet 832g, interior space mixed air outlets 832h, an ERV mixed air outlet 832i, and wall and window passageway mixed air outlets 832j.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem 840 having an ERV unit 842 including an ERV outside air inlet 844a, an ERV outside air inlet conduit 844b, an ERV mixed air inlet 844c, an ERV modified outside air outlet 844e, an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit 844f, an ERV modified mixed air outlet 844g, and an ERV modified mixed air outlet conduit 844h.

The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem 850 having an OAS outside air inlet conduit 852a, an ERV modified outside air inlet conduit 852b, a HVDAC fully conditioned air inlet conduit 852c, interior space exhaust air inlet conduits 852d, a HVDAC mixed air outlet conduit 852e, an interior space main mixed air outlet conduit 852f, interior space floor mixed air outlet conduits 852g, interior space mixed air outlet conduits 852h, an ERV mixed air outlet conduit 852i, wall and window passageway mixed air outlet conduits 852j, a HVDAC fully conditioner air inlet control valve 852k, a HVDAC mixed air outlet control valve 852l, interior space main mixed air outlet control valve 852m, interior space floor mixed air outlet control valves 852n, interior space mixed air outlet control valves 852o, interior space exhaust air outlet blowers, fans, or pumps 852p, wall and window mixed air passageway control valves 852q, and an interior space main mixed air outlet 852r.

The HC apparatus or system 804 operates by bringing in: (a) an OAS outside air 860a pressurized by the OAS blower, fan, or pump 812c, (b) an ERV outside air 860b from the ERV assembly or subsystem 850, and (c) a fully conditioned air 860c from the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 820, which mixes in the AM assembly or subsystem 830 to form a mixed air 860d. The mixed air 860d is then supplied to: (a) the HVDAC assembly or subsystem 820 to form the fully conditioned air 860c and (b) the interior space 802g to form an interior space exhaust air 860e. Thus, a pressure in the attic 802d is higher than a pressure in the interior spaces 802j. The operation continues by withdrawing the interior space exhaust air 860e from the interior spaces 802j via the interior space exhaust air inlet conduit 842d pressurized by the interior space exhaust air outlet blower, fan, or pump 842p. The interior space exhaust air 860e is then exhausted via the ERV assembly or subsystem 840 to exchange the interior space exhaust air 860e with the outdoor air 806a to from the ERV modified outside air 860b and the ERV modified interior space exhaust air 860f, simultaneously transferring heat and moisture between the two air streams.

Of course, the power requirements of all of the assemblies or subsystems is supply from the internal power of the building or structure, which also provides power to the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves. The HC apparatus or system 804 also includes a control unit including one or more processing unit, a memory, one or more mass storage devices, one or more input devices, one or more output devices, an operating system, communication hardware and software, and software for controlling the blowers, fans, pumps, and control valves for continuously adjusting flow of the various airs into and out of the assemblies and subsystems and into and out of the inner space to optimize the air properties and air quality properties throughout the HC apparatus or system 804.

It should be recognized that by changing certain control valves and blowers, fans, or pumps the pressure in the overhead space and the interior spaces may be changed so that the pressure in the overhead space is lower than the pressure in the interior spaces as described above for the residential structures.

Wall Apparatuses and Systems

Wall Apparatuses and Systems at the Foundation Embodiments

Referring now to FIG. 9A, a general embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 900, is shown to include a slab 902 situated on the ground 904. The apparatus 900 includes an exterior wall assembly 910 comprising an air pathway 912, a water/moisture pathway 914, an outer wall 920, an inner wall 930, and an interior structural insulation form or construct 950.

The outer wall 920 includes an outer surface 922, an interior 924, an inner surface 926, and an exhaust pathway 928. The interior 924 the outer wall 920 may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 920. The inner surface 926 of the outer wall 920 may also include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 926.

The inner wall 930 includes an outer surface member 932, an interior 934, and an inner surface member 936. The outer surface member 932 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 932. The inner surface member 936 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 936.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 950 includes a structural insulation member 952 having an outer surface 954. The construct 950 is anchored to the outer wall 920 and/or the inner wall 930 or supported at a top of the construct 950, free standing constructs 950. The insulation member 952 may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 954 may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 910 such as at a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 910.

Referring now to FIG. 9B, another embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 900, is shown to include a slab 902 situated on the ground 904. The apparatus 900 includes an exterior wall assembly 910 comprising an air pathway 912, a water/moisture pathway 914, an outer wall 920, an inner wall 930, and an interior structural insulation form or construct 950.

The outer wall 920 includes an outer surface 922, an interior 924, an inner surface 926, and an exhaust pathway 928. The interior 924 may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 920. The inner surface 926 of the outer wall 920 may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 926.

The inner wall 930 includes an outer surface member, an interior, an inner surface member 932, a stud 934, and a stud anchor 936. The outer surface member 932 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 932. The inner surface member 936 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 936.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 950 includes a structural insulation member 952 having an outer surface 954. The construct 950 is anchored to the outer wall 920 and/or the inner wall 930 or supported at a top of the construct 950, free standing constructs 950. The insulation member 952 may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 954 may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 910 such as at a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 910.

Referring now to FIG. 9C, another embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 900, is shown to include a slab 902 situated on the ground 904. The apparatus 900 includes an exterior wall assembly 910 comprising an air pathway 912, a water/moisture pathway 914, an outer wall 920, an inner wall 930, and an interior structural insulation form or construct 950.

The outer wall 920 includes an outer member 920a including an outer surface 922a, an interior 924a, and an inner surface 926a, an inner member 920b including an outer surface 922b, an interior 924b, and an inner surface 926b, and an exhaust pathway 928. The outer member 920a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 920a. The inner member 920b may comprise a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 920b.

The inner wall 930 includes an outer surface member 932, an interior 934, an inner surface member 936, a stud 938, and a stud anchor 940. The outer surface member 932 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 932. The inner surface member 936 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 936.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 950 includes a structural insulation member 952 having an outer surface 954. The construct 950 is anchored to the outer wall 920 and/or the inner wall 930 or supported at a top of the construct 950, free standing constructs 950. The insulation member 952 may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 954 may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 910 such as at a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 910.

Referring now to FIG. 9D, another embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 900, is shown and the elements are described verbally.

Wall Apparatuses and Systems at Gable Roof

Referring now to FIG. 10A, a first view of a gable roof embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1000, is shown to include an interior space 1002 and an attic space 1004, an exterior wall assembly 1010 comprising an air pathway 1012, a water/moisture pathway 1014, an outer wall 1020, an inner wall 1030, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1050, and a ceiling assembly 1060.

The outer wall 1020 includes an outer surface 1022, an interior 1024, and an inner surface 1026. The interior 1024 may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1020. The inner surface 1026 of the outer wall 1020 may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1026.

The inner wall 1030 includes an outer surface member 1032, a first insulation section 1034 comprising closed cell insulation, a second insulation section 1036 comprising opened cell insulation, an inner surface member 1038, studs 1040, a back flow preventer 1042 anchored to the outer surface member 1032 via an anchoring member so that air may flow out via an opening, but not flow back, and a liquid resistant air permeable sheeting, which covers parts of the inner member 1032 that does not include the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050. The outer surface member 1032 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1032. The inner surface member 1038 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1038.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 includes a first structural insulation member 1052 a having an outer surface 1054 a and a second structural insulation member 1052b having an outer surface 1054b. The construct 1050 is anchored to the outer wall 1020 and the inner wall 1030 by ties 1056. The insulation members 1052a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1054 comprises the structural insulation. In certain embodiments, the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 may include a support structure anchored at a top of a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1010. The ties 1056 may be any type of masonry veneer-ties such as Prosoco anchors.

The ceiling assembly 1060 includes rafters 1062, an insulation layer 1064 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1066.

Referring now to FIG. 10B, a second view of a gable roof embodiment of FIG. 10A, generally 1000, is shown to include an interior space 1002 and an attic space 1004, an exterior wall assembly 1010 comprising an air pathway 1012, a water/moisture pathway 1014, an outer wall 1020, an inner wall 1030, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1050, and a ceiling assembly 1060.

The outer wall 1020 includes an outer surface 1022, an interior 1024, and an inner surface 1026. The interior 1024 may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1020. The inner surface 1026 of the outer wall 1020 may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1026.

The inner wall 1030 includes an outer surface member 1032, a first insulation section 1034 comprising closed cell insulation, a second insulation section 1036 comprising opened cell insulation, an inner surface member 1038, studs 1040, a back flow preventer 1042 anchored to the outer surface member 1032 via an anchoring member 1044 so that air may flow out via an opening 1046, but not flow back, and a liquid resistant air permeable sheeting 1048, which covers parts of the inner member 1032 that does not include the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050. The outer surface member 1032 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1032. The inner surface member 1038 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1038.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 includes a first structural insulation member 1052 a having an outer surface 1054 a and a second structural insulation member 1052b having an outer surface 1054b. The construct 1050 is anchored to the outer wall 1020 and the inner wall 1030 by ties 1056. The insulation members 1052a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1054 comprises the structural insulation. In certain embodiments, the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 may include a support structure anchored at a top of a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1010.

The ceiling assembly 1060 includes rafters 1062, an insulation layer 1064 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1066.

Referring now to FIG. 10C, a first view of another gable roof embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1000, is shown to include an interior space 1002 and an attic space 1004, an exterior wall assembly 1010 comprising an air pathway 1012, a water/moisture pathway 1014, an outer wall 1020, an inner wall 1030, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1050, and a ceiling assembly 1060.

The outer wall 1020 includes an outer member 1020a including an outer surface 1022a, an interior 1024a, and an inner surface 1026a, an inner member 1020b including an outer surface 1022b, an interior 1024b, and an inner surface 1026b. The outer member 1020a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1020a. The inner member 1020b may comprise a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1020b.

The inner wall 1030 includes an outer surface member 1032, a first insulation section 1034 comprising closed cell insulation, a second insulation section 1036 comprising opened cell insulation, an inner surface member 1038, studs 1040, a back flow preventer 1042 anchored to the outer surface member 1032 via an anchoring member 1044 so that air may flow out via an opening 1046, but not flow back, and a liquid resistant air permeable sheeting 1048, which covers parts of the inner member 1032 that does not include the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050. The outer surface member 1032 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1032. The inner surface member 1038 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1038.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 includes a first structural insulation member 1052a having an outer surface 1054a and a second structural insulation member 1052b having an outer surface 1054b. The construct 1050 is anchored to the outer wall 1020 and the inner wall 1030 by ties 1056. The insulation members 1052a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1054 comprises the structural insulation. In certain embodiments, the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 may include a support structure anchored at a top of a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1010.

The ceiling assembly 1060 includes rafters 1062, an insulation layer 1064 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1066.

Referring now to FIG. 10D, second view of a gable roof embodiment of FIG. 10C, generally 1000, is shown to include an interior space 1002 and an attic space 1004, an exterior wall assembly 1010 comprising an interior space 1012 and an attic space 1014, an air pathway 1016, a water/moisture 1018, an outer wall 1020, an inner wall 1030, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1050, and a ceiling assembly 260.

The outer wall 1020 includes an outer member 1020a including an outer surface 1022a, an interior 1024a, and an inner surface 1026a, an inner member 1020b including an outer surface 1022b, an interior 1024b, and an inner surface 1026b. The outer member 1020a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1020a. The inner member 1020b may comprise a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1020b.

The inner wall 1030 includes an outer surface member 1032, a first insulation section 1034 comprising closed cell insulation, a second insulation section 1036 comprising opened cell insulation, an inner surface member 1038, studs 1040, a back flow preventer 1042 anchored to the outer surface member 1032 via an anchoring member 1044 so that air may flow out via an opening 1046, but not flow back, and a liquid resistant air permeable sheeting 1048, which covers parts of the inner member 1032 that does not include the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050. The outer surface member 1032 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1032. The inner surface member 1038 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1038.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 includes a first structural insulation member 1052a having an outer surface 1054a and a second structural insulation member 1052b having an outer surface 1054b. The construct 1050 is anchored to the outer wall 1020 and the inner wall 1030 by ties 1056. The insulation members 1052a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1054a&b comprise the structural insulation. In certain embodiments, the interior structural insulation form or construct 1050 may include a support structure anchored at a top of a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1010.

The ceiling assembly 1060 includes rafters 1062, an insulation layer 1064 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1066.

Wall Apparatuses and Systems at HIP Roofs

Referring now to FIG. 11A, a first view of a HIP roof embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1100, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1110 comprising an air pathway 1112, a water/moisture pathway 1114, an outer wall 1120, an inner wall 1130, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1150, a ceiling assembly 1160, and a roof assembly 1180.

The outer wall 1120 includes an outer surface 1122, an interior 1124, and an inner surface 1126. The interior 1124 may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1120. The inner surface 1126 of the outer wall 1120 may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1126.

The inner wall 1130 includes an outer surface member 1132, an insulation layer 1134 comprising closed cell insulation, an inner surface member 1138, and studs 1140. The outer surface member 1132 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1132. The inner surface member 1138 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1138.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1150 includes a first structural insulation member 1152a having an outer surface 1154b and a second structural insulation member 252b having an outer surface 1154b. The construct 1150 is anchored to the outer wall 1120 and the inner wall 1130 by ties 1156. The insulation members 1152a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1154a&b comprise the structural insulation. In certain embodiments, the interior structural insulation form or construct 1150 may include a support structure anchored at a top of a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1110.

The ceiling assembly 1160 includes rafters 1162 (not shown), an insulation layer 1164 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1166.

The roof assembly 1180 includes a roofing layer 1182a, a roof frame member 1182b, a soffit vent 1182c, sealant members 1182d (e.g., Dowsill available from Dow Chemicals), and an insulation layer 1184 comprising opened cell insulation.

Referring now to FIG. 11B, a second view of the HIP roof embodiment of FIG. 11A, generally 1100, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1110 comprising an outer wall 1120, an inner wall 1130, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1150, a ceiling assembly 1160, and a roof assembly 1180.

The outer wall 1120 includes an outer surface 1122, an interior 1124, and an inner surface 1126. The interior 1124 may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1120. The inner surface 1126 of the outer wall 1120 may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1126.

The inner wall 1130 includes an outer surface member 1132, an insulation layer 1134 comprising closed cell insulation, an inner surface member 1138, and studs 1140. The outer surface member 1132 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1132. The inner surface member 1138 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1138.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1150 includes a first structural insulation member 1152a having an outer surface 1154a and a second structural insulation member 1152b having an outer surface 1154b. The construct 1150 is anchored to the outer wall 1120 and the inner wall 1130 by ties 1156. The insulation members 1152a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1154a&b comprise the structural insulation. In certain embodiments, the interior structural insulation form or construct 1150 may include a support structure anchored at a top of a roof, windows, floor ceilings, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1110.

The ceiling assembly 1160 includes rafters 1162 (not shown), an insulation layer 1164 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1166.

The roof assembly 1180 includes a roofing layer 1182a, a roof frame member 1182b, a soffit vent 1182c, sealant member 1182d (e.g., Dowsill available from Dow Chemicals), and an insulation layer comprising opened cell insulation.

Referring now to FIG. 11C, a first view of another HIP roof embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1100, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1110 comprising an outer wall 1120, an inner wall 1130, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1150, a ceiling assembly 1160, and a roof assembly 1180.

The outer wall 1120 includes an outer member 1120a including an outer surface 1122a, an interior 1124a, and an inner surface 1126a, an inner member 1120b including an outer surface 1122b, an interior 1124b, and an inner surface 1126b. The outer member 1120a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1120a. The inner member 1120b may comprise a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1120b.

The inner wall 1130 includes an outer surface member 1132, an insulation layer 1134 comprising closed cell insulation, an inner surface member 1138, studs 1140, a back flow preventer 1142 anchored to the outer surface member 1132 via an anchoring member 1144 so that air may flow out via an opening 1146, but not flow back, and a liquid resistant air permeable sheeting 1148, which covers parts of the inner member 1132 that does not include the interior structural insulation form or construct 250. The outer surface member 1132 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1132. The inner surface member 1138 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1138.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1150 includes a first structural insulation member 1152a having an outer surface 1154a, a second structural insulation member 1152b having an outer surface 1154b, a third structural insulation member 1152c having an outer surface 1154c, and a fourth structural insulation member 1152d having an outer surface 1154d. The insulation member 1152a-d may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1154a-d may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1110 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1110.

The ceiling assembly 1160 includes rafters 1162 (not shown), an insulation layer 1164 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1166.

The roof assembly 1180 includes a roofing layer 1182a, a roof frame member 1182b, a soffit vent 1182c, sealant member 1182d (e.g., Dowsill available from Dow Chemicals), and an insulation layer comprising opened cell insulation.

Referring now to FIG. 11D, second view of the HIP roof embodiment of FIG. 11C, generally 1100, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1110 comprising an outer wall 1120, an inner wall 1130, and an interior structural insulation form or construct 1150, a ceiling assembly 1160, and a roof assembly 1180.

The outer wall 1120 includes an outer member 1120a including an outer surface 1122a, an interior 1124a, and an inner surface 1126a, an inner member 1120b including an outer surface 1122b, an interior 1124b, and an inner surface 1126b. The outer member 1120a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1120a. The inner member 1120b may comprise a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1120b.

The inner wall 1130 includes an outer surface member 1132, an insulation layer 1134 comprising closed cell insulation, an inner surface member 1138, an inner surface member 1140, studs 1142, a back flow preventer 1144 anchored to the outer surface member 1132 via an anchoring member 1146 so that air may flow out via an opening 1148, but not flow back, and a liquid resistant air permeable sheeting 1150, which covers parts of the inner member 1132 that does not include the interior structural insulation form or construct 1150. The outer surface member 1132 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1132. The inner surface member 1138 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1138.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1150 includes a first structural insulation member 1152a having an outer surface 1154a, a second structural insulation member 1152b having an outer surface 1154b, a third structural insulation member 1152c having an outer surface 1154c, and a fourth structural insulation member 1152d having an outer surface 1154d. The insulation member 1152a-d may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1154a-d may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1110 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1110.

The ceiling assembly 1160 includes rafters 1162 (not shown), an insulation layer 1164 comprising loose fill insulation, and a ceiling member 1166.

The roof assembly 1180 includes a roofing layer 1182a, a roof frame member 1182b, a soffit vent 1182c, sealant member 1182d (e.g., Dowsill available from Dow Chemicals or any other similar sealant or sealant member), and an insulation layer comprising opened cell insulation. Wall Apparatuses and Systems at Windows

Referring now to FIG. 12A, a first view of a window embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1200, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1210 comprising a first outer wall portion 1220a, a second outer wall portion 1220b, a first inner wall portion 1230a, a second inner wall portion 1230b, a first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a, a second interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b, and a window assembly 1260.

The first outer wall portion 1220a includes an outer surface 1222a, an interior 1224a, an inner surface 1226a, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The interior 1224a may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1220a. The inner surface 1226a of the outer wall 1220a may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1226a.

The second outer wall portion 1220b includes an outer surface 1222b, an interior 1224b, an inner surface 1226b, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The interior 1224a may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1220b. The inner surface 1226b of the outer wall 1220b may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1226b.

The first inner wall portion 1230a includes an outer surface member 1232a, an insulation layer 1234a, and an inner surface member 1238a, studs 1240a (shown in FIGS. 12C), and beams 1240b. The outer surface member 1232a may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232a. The inner surface member 1238a may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238a.

The second inner wall portion 1230b includes an outer surface member 1232a, an insulation layer 1234a, and an inner surface member 1238b, and studs 1240a. The outer surface member 1232b may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232b. The inner surface member 1238b may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238b.

The first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a includes a structural insulation member 1252a having an outer surface 1254a. The insulation member 1252a may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254a may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b includes a structural insulation member 1252a having an outer surface 1254b. The insulation member 1252b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254b may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The window assembly 1260 includes a window frame 1262 having a steel lintel 1262a and sealant member 1262b and a window pane 1264. The window assembly 1260 also include a frame. Of course, the window assembly 1260 may be any window type including single paned, double paned or multi-paned window assemblies.

Referring now to FIG. 12B, a second view of the window embodiment of FIG. 12A, generally 1200, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1210 comprising a first outer wall portion 1220a, a second outer wall portion 1220b, a first inner wall portion 1230a, a second inner wall portion 1230b, a first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a, a second interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b, and a window assembly 1260.

The first outer wall portion 1220a includes an outer member 1220aa including an outer surface 1222aa, an interior 1224aa, and an inner surface 1226aa, an inner member 1220ab including an outer surface 1222ab, an interior 1224ab, an inner surface 1226ab, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The outer member 1220aa may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1220aa. The inner member 1220ab comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1220ab.

The second outer wall portion 1220b includes an outer member 1220ba including an outer surface 1222ba, an interior 1224ba, and an inner surface 1226ba, an inner member 1220bb including an outer surface 1222bb, an interior 1224bb, an inner surface 1224bb, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The outer member 1220ba may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1220ba. The inner member 1220bb comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1220bb.

The first inner wall 1230a includes an outer surface member 1232a, an insulation layer 1234a, and an inner surface member 1238a, studs 1240a (shown in FIGS. 12C), and beams 1240b. The outer surface member 1232a may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232a. The inner surface member 1238a may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238a.

The second inner wall 1230b includes an outer surface member 1232b, an insulation layer 1234b, and an inner surface member 1238b, a stud 1240a. The outer surface member 1232b may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232b. The inner surface member 1238b may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238b.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a includes a structural insulation member 1252a having an outer surface 1254a. The construct 1250a is anchored to the inner member 1220ab of the outer wall 1220a and the inner wall 1230a via ties 1256. The insulation member 1252a may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254a may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b includes a structural insulation member 1252b having an outer surface 1254b. The form or construct 1250b is anchored to the inner member 1220bb of the outer wall 1220b and the inner wall 1230b via ties 1256. The insulation member 1252b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254b may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The window assembly 1260 includes a window frame 1262 having a steel lintel 1262a and sealant member 1262b and a window pane 1264. The window assembly 1260 also include a frame 1266. Of course, the window assembly 1260 may be any window type including single paned, double paned or multi-paned window assemblies.

Referring now to FIG. 12C, a first view of another window embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1200, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1210 comprising a first outer wall portion 1220a, a second outer wall portion 1220b, a first inner wall portion 1230a, a second inner wall portion 1230b, a first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a, a second interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b, and a window assembly 1260.

The first outer wall portion 1220a includes an outer surface 1222a, an interior 1224a, an inner surface 1226a, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The interior 1224a may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1220a. The inner surface 1226a of the first outer wall portion 1220a may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1226a.

The second outer wall portion 1220b includes an outer surface 1222b, an interior 1224b, an inner surface 1226b, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The interior 1224b may comprise brick, sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer wall 1220b. The inner surface 1226b of the first outer wall portion 1220b may comprise a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner surface 1226b.

The first inner wall portion 1230b includes an outer surface member 1232a, an insulation layer 1234a, and an inner surface member 1238a, studs 1240a (shown in FIGS. 12C), and beams 1240b. The outer surface member 1232a may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232a. The inner surface member 1238a may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238a.

The second inner wall portion 1240b includes an outer surface member 1242b, an insulation layer 1244a, and an inner surface member 1248b, and studs 1250b. The outer surface member 1232b may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232b. The inner surface member 1238b may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238b.

The first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a includes a structural insulation member 1252a having an outer surface 1254a. The insulation member 1252a may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254a may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b includes a structural insulation member 1252a having an outer surface 1254b. The insulation member 1252b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254b may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The window assembly 1260 includes a window frame 1262 having a steel lintel 1262a and sealant member 1262b and a window pane 1264. The window assembly 1260 also include a frame 1266. Of course, the window assembly 1260 may be any window type including single paned, double paned or multi-paned window assemblies.

Referring now to FIG. 12D, a second view of the window embodiment of FIG. 12C, generally 1200, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1210 comprising a first outer wall portion 1220a, a second outer wall portion 1220b, a first inner wall portion 1230a, a second inner wall portion 1230b, a first interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a, a second interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b, and a window assembly 1260.

The first outer wall portion 1220a includes an outer member 1220aa including an outer surface 1222aa, an interior 1224aa, and an inner surface 1226aa, an inner member 1220ab including an outer surface 1222ab, an interior 1224ab, an inner surface 1226ab, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The outer member 1220aa may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1220aa. The inner member 1220ab comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1220ab.

The second outer wall portion 1220b includes an outer member 1220ba including an outer surface 1222ba, an interior 1224ba, and an inner surface 1226ba, an inner member 1220bb including an outer surface 1222bb, an interior 1224bb, an inner surface 1226bb, and an exhaust pathway 1228. The outer member 1220ba may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1220ba. The inner member 1220bb comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1220bb.

The first inner wall portion 1230a includes an outer surface member 1232a, an insulation layer 1234a, and an inner surface member 1238a, studs 1240a (shown in FIGS. 12C), and beams 1240b. The outer surface member 1232a may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232a. The inner surface member 1238a may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238a.

The second inner wall portion 1230b includes an outer surface member 1232b, an insulation layer 1234b, and an inner surface member 1238b, a stud 1240a. The outer surface member 1232b may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1232b. The inner surface member 1238b may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1238b.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1250a includes a structural insulation member 1252a having an outer surface 1254a. The form or construct 1250a is anchored to the inner member 1220ab of the outer wall 1220a and the inner wall 1230a via ties 1256. The insulation member 1252a may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254a may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1250b includes a structural insulation member 1252b having an outer surface 1254b. The form or construct 1250b is anchored to the inner member 1220bb of the outer wall 1220b and the inner wall 1230b via ties 1256. The insulation member 1252b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1254b may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1210 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1210.

The window assembly 1260 includes a window frame 1262 having a steel lintel 1262a and sealant member 1262b and a window pane 1264. The window assembly 1260 also include a frame 1266. Of course, the window assembly 1260 may be any window type including single paned, double paned or multi-paned window assemblies.

Wall Apparatuses and Systems at Door

Referring now to FIGS. 13A, a first view of a door embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1300, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1310 comprising an outer wall 1320, an inner wall 1330, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1350, and a door assembly 1360.

The outer wall 1320 includes an outer member 1322, an inner member 1324, and an exhaust pathway 1326, wherein the outer member 1322 may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1322. The inner member 1324 comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1324.

The inner wall 1330 includes an outer surface member 1332, an interior 1334, and an inner surface member 1338, studs 1340a (not shown), and a beams 1340b. The outer surface member 1332 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1332. The inner surface member 1338 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1338.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1350 includes a first structural insulation member 1352a having an outer surface 1354a and a second structural insulation member 1352b having an outer surface 1354b. The form or construct 1350 is anchored to the outer wall 1320 and the inner wall 1330 via ties and also includes a liquid resistant air permeable sheeting. The insulation member 1352a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1354a&b may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1310 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1310.

The door assembly 1360 includes a steel lintel 1362, sealant members 1364, a door frame 1366, and a threshold 1368.

Referring now to FIG. 13B, a second view of the door embodiment of FIG. 13A, generally 1300, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1310 comprising an outer wall 1320, an inner wall 1330, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1350, and a door assembly 1360.

The outer wall 1320 includes a first outer member 1320a including an outer surface 1322a, an inner member 1324a, and an inner surface 1326a, a second outer member 1320b including an outer surface 1322b, an inner member 1324b, and an inner surface 1326b, and an exhaust pathway 1328. The outer member 1322a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1322a. The inner member 1324b comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1324b.

The inner wall 1330 includes an outer surface member 1332, an interior 1334, and an inner surface member 1336, a stud 1338, and a stud anchor 1340. The outer surface member 1332 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1332. The inner surface member 1336 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1336.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1350 includes a first structural insulation member 1352a having an outer surface 1354a and a second structural insulation member 1352b having an outer surface 1354b. The form or construct 1350 is anchored to the outer wall 1320 and the inner wall 1330 via ties. The insulation member 1352a&b may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1354a&b may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1310 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1310.

The door assembly 1360 includes a steel lintel 1362, sealant members 1364, a door frame 1366, and a threshold 1368.

Referring now to FIG. 13C, a first view of another door embodiment of an apparatus of this disclosure, generally 1300, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1310 comprising an outer wall 1320, an inner wall 1330, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1350, and a door assembly 1360.

The outer wall 1320 includes an outer member 1320a including an outer surface 1322a, an interior 1324a, and an inner surface 1326a, an inner member 1320b including an outer surface 1322b, an interior 1324b, and an inner surface 1326b, and an exhaust pathway 1328, wherein the outer member 1320a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1320a. The inner member 1320b comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1320b.

The inner wall 1330 includes an outer surface member 1332, an interior 1334, and an inner surface member 1336, a stud 1338, and an stud anchor 1340. The outer surface member 1332 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1332. The inner surface member 1336 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1336.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1350 includes an structural insulation member 1352 having an outer surface 1354. The form or construct 1350 is anchored to the outer wall 1320 and the inner wall 1330 or supported on a top of the construct 1350. The insulation member 1352 may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1354 may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1310 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1310.

The door assembly 1360 includes a door frame 1366.

Referring now to FIG. 13D, a second view of the door embodiment of FIG. 13C, generally 1300, is shown to include an exterior wall assembly 1310 comprising an outer wall 1320, an inner wall 1330, an interior structural insulation form or construct 1350, and a door assembly 1360.

The outer wall 1320 includes an outer member 1320a including an outer surface 1322a, an interior 1324a, and an inner surface 1326a, an inner member 1320b including an outer surface 1322b, an interior 1324b, and an inner surface 1326b, and an exhaust pathway 1328, wherein the outer member 1320a may comprise sliding, stucco, or any other material commonly used with the outer member 1320a. The inner member 1320b comprising a backing that may include a water barrier, vapor barrier, and/or any other material commonly used with the inner member 1320b.

The inner wall 1330 includes an outer surface member 1332, an interior 1334, and an inner surface member 1336, a stud 1338, and a stud anchor 1340. The outer surface member 1332 may comprise sheathing, sheeting, a moisture barrier material, a water barrier material, and/or any other material commonly used with the outer surface member 1332. The inner surface member 1336 may comprise drywall, gypsum board, plywood, interior paneling, or any other material commonly used with the inner surface member 1336.

The interior structural insulation form or construct 1350 includes an structural insulation member 1352 having an outer surface 1354. The form or construct 1350 is anchored to the outer wall 1320 and the inner wall 1330 or supported on a top of the form or construct 1350. The insulation member 1352 may comprise any structural insulation and the outer surface 1354 may comprise the structural insulation or may be a support structure anchored to certain parts of the exterior wall assembly 1310 such as at a roof, window sills, door frames, or any other disruption in the exterior wall assembly 1310.

The door assembly 1360 includes a door frame 1366.

Prior Art Building Structure

Referring now to FIG. 14, a prior art structure, generally 1400, is shown to include a slab 1402 situated on the ground 1404 with a water resistant layer 1406 on a bottom surface 1408 of the slab 1402. The structure 1400 also includes an outer wall 1410 (shown here as a masonry and mortar wall) anchored to an inner wall 1412 via ties 1414. The outer wall 1410 includes weep holes 1416. The inner wall 1412 includes studs 1418, a sheathing layer 1420, and a drywall layer 1422 (e.g., gypsum board or plywood) and insulation.

The structure 1400 also includes a roof 1440, a ceiling 1442 supported by framing 1444, an attic 1446, and an interior 1448. The structure 1400 also includes an HVAC unit 1450 situated in the attic 1446. The HVAC unit 1450 includes an inlet conduit 1452 having an inlet 1454 for pulling air 1456 from the interior 1448 into the HVAC unit 1450. The HVAC unit 1450 also includes an outlet conduit 1458 having an outlet 1460 adapted to push conditioned air into the interior 1448.

The structure 1400 is ill equipped to reduce, prevent, inhibit, or eliminate water, moisture and/or mold intrusion into exterior walls and as shown later herein, interior walls.

In U.S. Pat. No. 7,247,090B2, the inventor disclosed systems and methods for reducing water and moisture accumulation in external walls by providing a path way for conditioned air pass through the external walls and exhaust out through weep holes in the external walls. The present invention describes improved systems, apparatuses, and methods for reducing, removing, inhibiting, or eliminating water and/or moisture and/or their accumulation and/or mold growth in exterior and interior wall of habitable structures.

Building Embodiments

All the embodiments that follow may include the wall assemblies of set forth above, which may be either anchored by ties or free standing supported by an rigid structure enclosing the insulation members, wherein the rigid support structure may be a rigid plastic, a rigid composition, a metal structure, or any combination thereof.

First Embodiment of Building Structure of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 15, an embodiment of a structure of this disclosure, generally 1500, is shown to include a slab 1502 situated on the ground 1504 with a water resistant layer 1506 on a bottom surface 1508 of the slab 1502. It should be noted that the water resistant layer 1506 may be disposed on the top surface of the slab 1502 or both surfaces may include a water resistant layer 1506. The structure 1500 also includes an outer wall 1510 (shown here as a masonry and mortar wall) anchored to an inner wall 1512 via ties 1514. The outer wall 1510 includes a masonry sealer layer 1516 and weep holes 1518. The inner wall 1512 includes studs 1520, bracings between studs 1522, a sheathing and/or drywall layer 1524, and an optional drywall layer 1526, which may be insulating or non-insulating. The ties 1514 are angled up and affixed to the studs 1520.

The structure 1500 also includes an insulated roof 1540, a ceiling 1542 supported by framing 1544, an attic 1546, and an interior 1548. The structure 1500 also include an HVAC unit 1550 situated in the attic 1546. The HVAC unit 1550 includes an inlet conduit 1552 having an inlet 1554, wherein the inlet 1554 pulls unconditioned air 1556 from the surrounding 1558 into the HVAC unit 1550. The HVAC unit 1550 also includes an outlet conduit 1560 having an outlet 1562 adapted to push conditioned air 1564 into the interior 1548. The structure 1500 also includes an outlet conduit 1566 having an inlet 1568 and an outlet 1570, wherein the inlet 1568 receives interior exhaust conditioned air 1572 and the outlet 1568 exhausts the interior exhaust conditioned air 1572 into the attic 1546. The structure 1500 also includes a unidirectional valve so that the exhausted conditioned air 1572 flows (indicated by arrows) from the attic 1546 into an air flow path between the outer wall 1510 and the inner wall 1512 and out the weep holes 1518 exhausting spent conditioned air into the surrounding 1558. The flow of the conditioned air from the attic through the pathways and out of the weep holes may be used to push water and/or moisture out of the walls to facilitate wall drying or to decrease/reduce or inhibit water/moisture accumulation or to decrease/reduce or inhibit mold growth in the outer wall and/or to control the moisture content in the walls.

Second Embodiment of Building Structure of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 16, another embodiment of a structure of this disclosure, generally 1600, is shown to include a slab 1602 situated on the ground 1604 with a water resistant layer 1606 on a bottom surface 1608 of the slab 1602. Again it should be noted that the water resistant layer 1606 may be disposed on the top surface of the slab 1602 or both surfaces may include a water resistant layer 1606. The structure 1600 also includes an outer wall 1610 (shown here as a masonry and mortar wall) anchored to an inner wall 1612 via ties 1614. The outer wall 1610 includes a masonry sealer layer 1616 and weep holes 1618. The inner wall 1612 includes studs 1620, bracings between studs 1622, a sheathing and/or drywall layer 1624, and an optional drywall layer 1626, which may be insulating or non-insulating. The ties 1614 are angled up and affixed to the studs 1620.

The structure 1600 also includes an insulated roof 1640, a ceiling 1642 supported by framing 1644, an attic 1646, and an interior 1648. The structure 1600 also includes an HVAC unit 1650 situated in the attic 1646. The HVAC unit 1650 includes an inlet conduit 1652 having an inlet 1654, wherein the inlet 1654 pulls unconditioned air 1656 from the surrounding 1658 into the HVAC unit 1650. The HVAC unit 1650 also includes an outlet conduit 1660 having an outlet 1662 adapted to push conditioned air 1664 into the interior 1648. The structure 1600 also includes an outlet conduit 1666 having an inlet 1668, an outlet 1670, and a control value 1671, wherein the inlet 1668 receives interior exhaust conditioned air 1672 and the outlet 1670 exhausts the interior exhaust conditioned air 1672 into the surrounding 1658 and wherein the control value 1671 controls the amount of air being exhausted through the outlet 1670. The structure 1600 may also include a control valve 1674 so that the exhausted conditioned air 1670 flows (indicated by arrows) from the attic 1646 into an air flow path or passageway between the outer wall 1610 and the inner wall 1612 and out the weep holes 1618 exhausting spent conditioned air into the surrounding 1658. However, in certain embodiments, the control valve 1671 will be sufficient to direct the desired amount of conditioned air to the passageways, unless there are more than one passageways, then each passageway would include a control valve 1671 that would control the air flow into each of the passageways/pathways. The flow of the conditioned air from the attic through the pathways or passageways and out of the weep holes may be used to push water and/or moisture out of the walls to facilitate wall drying or to decrease/reduce or inhibit water/moisture accumulation or to decrease/reduce or inhibit mold growth in the outer wall and/or to control the moisture content in the walls.

Expanded Views of Walls

Referring now to FIGS. 17A&B, expanded views of embodiments of an exterior wall of a structure of this disclosure, generally 1700, are shown. FIG. 17A depicts an expanded cross-sectional view of the walls, while FIG. 17B depicts successive cut away elevation view of the exterior wall.

Looking at FIG. 17A, the exterior wall 1700 includes an outer wall assembly 1702 comprising an outer wall 1704 and a sealer layer 1706 and an inner wall assembly 1708 comprising studs 1710, bracings between studs 1712, and insulation 1714 (shown only in FIG. 17B), a thermal and/or moisture barrier layer 1716, and sheathing and/or drywall layer 1718, which may be insulating or non-insulating. The exterior wall 1700 also includes ties 1720 anchoring the outer wall 1704 to the studs 1710 or the bracings between studs 1712 of the inner wall assembly 1708 and an air pathway or passageway disposed between the outer wall assembly 1702 and the inner wall assembly 1708.

Looking at FIG. 17B, the wall 1700 depicts successive cutaways showing each layer of the wall 1700. The wall 1700 includes the outer wall 1704, then the sealer layer 1706, then the air pathway 1722, and then the studs 1710, the bracings between studs 1712, and the insulation 1714. The wall 1700 then include the barrier layer 1716, and then the layer 1718.

Third Embodiment of Building Structure of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 18A, another embodiment of a structure of this disclosure, generally 1800, is shown to include an outer wall 1802, an inner wall 1804, an air flow control valve 1806, an air flow pathway 1808 interposed between the outer wall 1802 and the inner wall 1804, a roof 1810, an attic 1812, and a slab 1814. The structure 1800 includes a ceiling 1816 and support framing 1818.

The structure 1800 also includes an air circulation assembly 1820 including an HVAC unit 1822 including an air intake conduit 1824 having an inlet 1826 and a control valve 1827 for supplying unconditioned air 1828 from an outside 1830 to the HVAC unit 1822 and an attic air conduit 1832 having an air control valve 1834 and an inlet 1836 for supplying exhaust conditioned air 1838 to the HVAC unit 1822 from the attic 1812. The circulation assembly 1820 also includes an outlet conduit 1840 having a control valve 1842 and an outlet 1844 for sending conditioned air into an interior 1846 of the structure 1800. It should be recognized that the structure 1800 may include a plurality of outlets 1844 associated with the outlet conduit 1840 for sending the conditioned air 1846 into the interior 1848. The circulation assembly 1820 also includes an exhaust conduit 1850 having an inlet 1852 that withdraws exhaust conditioned air 1854 from the interior 1848 and an outlet 1856 through which the exhaust conditioned air 1854 is discharged into the attic 1812. Some of the attic air 1854 then exits through the control valve 1806 and through the air flow pathway 1808 shown by the dark grey arrows and out through weep holes or channels 1858 into the outside 1830.

Fourth Embodiment of Building Structure of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 18B, another embodiment of a structure of this disclosure, generally 1800, is shown to include an outer wall 1802, an inner wall 1804, an air flow control valve 1806, an air flow pathway 1808 interposed between the outer wall 1802 and the inner wall 1804, a roof 1810, an attic 1812, and a floor 1814. The structure 1800 includes a ceiling 1816 and support framing 1818.

The structure 1800 also includes an air circulation assembly 1820 including an HVAC unit 1822 including an air intake conduit 1824 having an inlet 1826 and a control valve 1827 for supplying unconditioned air 1828 from an outside 1830 to the HVAC unit 1822 and an attic air conduit 1832 having an air control valve 1834 and an inlet 1836 for supplying exhaust conditioned air 1838 to the HVAC unit 1822 from the attic 1812. The circulation assembly 1820 also includes an outlet conduit 1840 having a control valve 1842 and an outlet 1844 for sending conditioned air 1846 into an interior 1848 of the structure 1800. It should be recognized that the structure 1800 may include a plurality of conduits 1840, control valves 1842, and outlets 1844 for sending the conditioned air 1846 into the interior 1848. The circulation assembly 1820 also includes an exhaust conduit 1850 having an inlet 1852 that withdraws exhaust conditioned air 1854 from the interior 1848 and an outlet 1856 through which the exhaust conditioned air 1854 is discharged into the attic 1812. In should be recognized that the structure 1800 may also include a plurality of conduits 1850, inlets 1852, and outlets 1856 for withdrawing exhaust error 1854 from the interior 1848. The system 1820 also includes a wall conditioned air conduit 1860 having a control valve 1862 through which conditioned air shown by the dark grey arrows is discharged into the air flow pathway 1808 via an outlet into the pathway 1808, through the pathway 1808, and out through weep holes or channels 1858 into the outside 1830. Again, it should be recognized that the structure 1800 may also include a plurality of conduits 1860, valves 1862, and outlets 1864 associated with a plurality of pathways 1808 associated with exterior or interior walls.

First Multistory Building Embodiment of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 19A, an embodiment of a multistory structure of this disclosure, generally 1900, is shown to include a lower floor 1902, outer/exterior wall or walls 1904, inner walls 1906, and air flow pathways 1908 interposed between the outer wall or walls 1904 and the inner walls 1906, wherein the pathways or passageways 1908 include inlets 1910 having control valves 1912 and outlet channels 1914. The structure 1900 also includes floors 1916, ceilings 1918, dead spaces 1920 interposed between the intermediate floors 1916 and the ceiling 1918, and a roof 1922. It should be recognized that the outer walls 1904 may be transparent (made of glass) and the air flow passageways 1908 comprise a gap between two transparent layer or panes of glass through with air may flow.

The structure 1900 also includes an air circulation assembly or system 1930 including an HVAC unit 1932 including an unconditioned air intake conduit 1934 having an inlet 1936 and a control valve 1938 for supplying unconditioned air 1940 from an outside 1942 to the HVAC unit 1932 and optionally an exhaust conditioned air intake conduit 1944 having an inlet 1946 and a control valve 1948 for supplying an exhaust conditioned air 1970 from the dead spaces 1920 to the HVAC unit 1932 via the conduits 1944 and 1934.

The system 1930 also includes a main conditioned air conduit 1952 from which floor conditioned air conduits 1954 branch. Each of the floor conduits 1954 include a flow control valve 1956 and terminate in an outlet 1958 passing through their respective ceilings 1918 (only one per floor shown here, but of course, each floor will generally have a plurality of outlets 1958). The floor conduits 1954 discharge conditioned air 1960 into interiors 1962 between the floors 1902 and 1916 and the ceilings 1918.

The system 1930 also includes floor outlet conduits 1964 having inlets 1966 and outlets 1968 for discharging the exhaust conditioned air 1970 into the dead spaces 1920, which then progresses through the control valves 1912 through the pathways 1908 and out of the channels 1914 into the outside 1942 or through the conduits 1944 and 1934 to the HVAC unit 1932.

The system 1930 also includes a dead space return conduit 1972 configured to allow exhaust conditioned air to flow from each dead space 1920 with inlets 1974 and an outlet 1976 in the last floor dead space, wherein the return conduit 1972 is configured to supply return exhausted conditioned air to the HVAC unit via the conduit 1944. The return conduit 1972 may include a control valve at each floor (not shown) to control the amount of air introduced into the return conduit 1972 from each of the dead spaces 1920.

Second Multistory Building Embodiment of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 19B, another embodiment of a multistory structure of this disclosure, generally 1900, is shown to include a lower floor 1902, outer/exterior wall or walls 1904, inner walls 1906 and air flow pathways 1908 interposed between the outer wall or walls 1904 and the inner walls 1906 and exiting through exit channels 1910. The structure 1900 also includes floors 1116, ceilings 1118, dead spaces 1120 interposed between the intermediate floors 1910 and the ceiling 1912, and a roof 1122. Again, it should be recognized that the outer walls 1904 may be transparent (made of glass) and the air flow passageways 1908 comprise a gap between two transparent layer or panes of glass through with air may flow.

The structure 1900 also includes an air circulation assembly 1930 including an HVAC unit 1932 including an unconditioned air intake conduit 1934 having an inlet 1936 and a control valve 1938 for supplying unconditioned air 1940 from an outside 1942 to the HVAC unit 1932 and optionally an exhaust conditioned air intake conduit 1944 having an inlet and a control valve 1946 for supplying an exhaust conditioned air 1970 from the dead spaces 1920 to the HVAC unit 1932 via the conduit 1934.

The system 1930 also include a main conditioned air conduit 1952 from which floor conditioned air conduits 1954 branch. Each of the floor conduits 1954 include flow controllers 1956 and terminate in outlets 1958 passing through their respective ceilings 1918 (only one per floor shown here, but of course, each floor will generally have a plurality of outlets 1958). The floor conduits 1954 discharge conditioned air 1960 into interiors 1962 between the floors 1916 and the ceilings 1918. The system 1930 also includes pathway floor outlet conduits 1964 having inlets 1966 and outlets 1968 for discharging the exhaust conditioned air 1970 into the dead spaces 1920.

The system 1930 also includes conditioned air pathway conduits 1972 including a control valve 1974 and outlets 1976 through which conditioned air shown in the dark gray arrows flows into the pathways 1908 and then out through the channels 1910.

The system 1930 may also include an exhaust conduit 1978 having an outlet 1980 and a control valve 1982 for exhausting air 1970 from the dead spaces 1920 to the outside 1942.

Third Multistory Building Embodiment of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 19C, another embodiment of a multistory structure of this disclosure, generally 1900, is shown to include in addition to the other features disclosed above, exhaust channels 1910 at each floor. Of course, the exhaust channels may be also include control valves to control the rate of air being exhausted from the passageways. Additionally, the passageways may extend between floors so that the flow rate of exhausted air may be controlled floor by floor. It should be recognized that all of the multi-story structures will include a return system for returning exhaust conditioned air to the HVAC unit. Additionally, all structures may include an air circulation system that monitors carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen levels, humidity, and temperature, and to control the air flow into and out of the interior spaces and into and out of the passageways to maintain these properties at desirable levels.

Pier and Beam Building Embodiment of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIGS. 20A&B, embodiment of a pier and beam structure of this disclosure, generally 2000, is shown to include a pier and beam facade 2002 having air vents 2004 and solid portions 2006 and piers 2008 extending from the ground or below the ground 2010 to a floor 2012 and a dead space 2014 between the floor 2012 and the ground 2010. The structure 2000 also includes outer walls 2016, inner walls 2018, and air flow pathways or passageways 2020. The structure 2000 also includes interiors 2022. It should be recognized that the pier and beam structure 2000 may include any or all of the circulation systems, control systems, and sensor systems set forth herein. It should be recognized that there does not have to be an air vent 2004 between every pair of piers 2008 and the number of air vents 2004 are generally a matter of design.

Embodiments Wall Air Distribution Systems of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIGS. 21A-D, four embodiments of wall air distribution systems of this disclosure, generally 2100, 2130, 2150, and 2170, respectfully, are shown.

Looking at FIG. 21A, the wall air distribution system 2100 includes an inlet 2102, an air distribution conduit 2104 having an outlet 2106 that passes through a ceiling 2108 and ends within an air pathway 2110 disposed between an outer wall section and an inner wall section (not shown) of an interior or exterior wall 2112. Conditioned air proceeds from an HVAC unit (not shown) and flows into the inlet 2102 through the distribution conduit 2104 and out the outlet 2106 depicted by the dark gray arrows and then through the pathway 2110 and out through weep holes or outlet channels (not shown), but fully described herein.

Looking at FIG. 21B, the wall air distribution system 2130 includes a plurality of inlets 2132, a distribution conduit 2134, and a plurality of outlets 2136. Each of the outlets 2136 passes through a ceiling 2138 and ends within one of a plurality of air pathways 2140 formed by a plurality of pathway dividers 2142 within an interior or exterior wall 2144. The pathways 2140 are disposed between an outer wall section and an inner wall section (not shown). Conditioned air proceeds from an HVAC unit (not shown) and flows into the inlets 2132 through the distribution conduit 2134 and out the outlets 2136 and then through the pathways 2140 as depicted by the dark gray arrows and out through weep holes or outlet channels (not shown).

Looking at FIG. 21C, the wall air distribution system 2150 includes an inlet 2152, an air distribution conduit 2154 having a plurality of flow control valves 2156 and a plurality of outlets 2158. Each of the outlets 2158 passes through a ceiling 2160 and ends within a plurality of air pathways 2162 formed by a plurality of pathway dividers 2164 within an interior or exterior wall 2166. The pathways 2162 are disposed between an outer wall section and an inner wall section (not shown). Conditioned air proceeds from an HVAC unit (not shown) and flows into the inlet 2152 through the distribution conduit 2154 and out the outlets 2186 as depicted by the dark gray arrows and then through the pathways 2162 and out through weep holes (not shown), where the air flow through each of the pathways 2162 is controlled by the control valves 2156.

Looking at FIG. 21D, the wall air distribution system 2170 includes a plurality of inlets 2172, a plurality of distribution conduits 2174, a plurality of flow control valves 2176, and a plurality of outlets 2178. Each of the outlets 2178 passes through a ceiling 2180 and ends within one of a plurality of air pathways 2182 formed by a plurality of pathway dividers 2184 within an interior or exterior wall 2186. The pathways 2182 are disposed between an outer wall and an inner wall of an interior or exterior wall (not shown). Conditioned air proceeds from an HVAC unit (not shown) and flows into the inlets 2172 through the distribution conduits 2174 and out the outlets 2178 depicted by the dark gray arrows and then through the pathways 2182 and out through weep holes (not shown), where the air flow through each of the pathways 2182 is controlled by the control valves 2176.

Embodiment Wall Air Distribution Systems of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 22A, a structure, generally 2200, is shown to include an outer wall 2202 and an inner wall 2204 having a thermal and/or moisture barrier layer 2206, studs 2208, a sheathing and/or drywall layer 2210, which may be insulating or non-insulating, and an air flow pathway 2212 between an inner surface of the outer wall 2202 and the barrier layer 2206. The structure 2200 also includes a ceiling 2214 upon which is disposed an air conditioning and distribution assembly 2220.

The assembly 2220 includes an air inlet 2222, an air inlet conduit 2224 connected to an HVAC unit 2228. The HVAC unit 2228 includes an outlet 2230 and an outlet conduit 2232. The outlet conduit 2232 splits into a main conduit 2234 having a main control valve 2236 and a secondary conduit 2238 having a secondary control valve 2240. The main conduit 2234 supplies conditioned air to outlets 2242 associated with registers 2244 for heating or cooling an interior (not shown) of the structure 2200, while the secondary conduit 2238 supplies conditioned air to the air flow pathway 2212 so that conditioned air may flow down the pathway 2212 pushing out water and/or moisture through weep holes or drainage channels and drying the outer wall 2202 and/or the inner wall 2204. Of course, the same wall assembly may be used to dry out interior walls, but with different drainage and exhaust channels as described herein. The assembly 2220 also includes an outlet associated with an outlet conduit (not shown) for exhausting air from the interior of the structure 2200 to the surroundings or to an attic or similar space associated with the structure 2200.

Looking at FIG. 22B, generally 2200, is shown to include an outer wall 2202 and an inner wall 2204 having a thermal and/or moisture barrier layer 2206, studs 2208, a sheathing and/or drywall layer 2210, which may be insulating or non-insulating, and air flow pathways 2212a-d between an inner surface of the outer wall 2202 and the barrier layer 2206. The structure 2200 also includes a ceiling 2214 upon which is disposed an air conditioning and distribution assembly 2120. The pathways 2212 are isolated by corner dividers 2216 that prevent air exchange between the pathways 2212a-d.

The assembly 2220 includes an air inlet 2222, an air inlet conduit 2224 connected to an HVAC unit 2228. The HVAC unit 2228 includes an outlet 2230 and an outlet conduit 2232. The outlet conduit 2232 splits into a main conduit 2234 having a main control valve 2236 and a secondary conduit 2238 having a secondary control valve 2240. The main conduit 2234 supplies conditioned air to outlets 2242 associated with registers 2244 for heating or cooling an interior of the structure 2200 (not shown). The assembly 2220 also includes an outlet 2246 associated with an outlet conduit (not shown) for withdrawing air from the interior of the structure and exhausting either to the surroundings or to an attic or similar space associated with the structure 2200.

The secondary conduit 2238 terminated in a distribution unit 2248 that supplies conditioned air to four wall conduits 2250a-d, where the conduits 2250a-d include flow control valves 2212 a-d. The four conduits 2250a-d supply conditioned air to the four pathways 2212a-d so that the conditioned air may flow down the pathway 2212a-d pushing out water and moisture through weep holes or drainage channels and drying the outer wall 2202 and the inner wall 2204. The control valve 2252a-d controls the amount of conditioned air that flows into each pathway 2212a-d so that each wall section may be dehydrated at different rates depending on water, moisture and/or mold content.

Of course, the same wall assembly may be used to dry out interior walls, but with different drainage and exhaust channels as described herein.

Looking at FIG. 22C, generally 2200, is shown to include an outer wall 2202 and an inner wall 2204 having a thermal and/or moisture barrier layer 2206, studs 2208, a sheathing and/or drywall layer 2210, which may be insulating or non-insulating, and sixteen air flow pathways 2212a-p between an inner surface of the outer wall 2202 and the barrier layer 2206. The structure 2200 also includes a ceiling 2214 upon which is disposed an air conditioning and distribution assembly 2120. The pathways 2212a-p are isolated by dividers 2216 that prevent air exchange between the pathways 2212a-p.

The assembly 2220 includes an air inlet 2222, an air inlet conduit 2224 connected to an HVAC unit 2228. The HVAC unit 2228 includes an outlet 2230 and an outlet conduit 2232. The outlet conduit 2232 splits into a main conduit 2234 having a main control valve 2236 and a secondary conduit 2238 having a secondary control valve 2240. The main conduit 2234 supplies conditioned air to outlets 2242 associated with registers 2244 for heating or cooling an interior of the structure 2200 (not shown). The assembly 2220 also includes an outlet 2246 associated with an outlet conduit (not shown) for withdrawing air from the interior of the structure and exhausting either to the surroundings or to an attic or similar space associated with the structure 2200.

The secondary conduit 2238 terminated in a distribution unit 2248 that supplies conditioned air to four main wall conduits 2250a-d. The four main wall conduits 2250a-d end in sixteen flow control valves 2252a-p and feed conditioned air to sixteen air distribution conduits 2254a-p that in turn supply conditioned air to the sixteen pathways 2212a-p so that the conditioned air may flow down the pathway 2212a-d pushing out water and moisture through weep holes or drainage channels and drying the outer wall 2202 and the inner wall 2204. The control valve 2252a-p controls the amount of conditioned air that flows into each pathway 2212a-p so that each wall section may be dehydrated at different rates depending on water, moisture and/or mold content.

Of course, the same wall assembly may be used to dry out interior walls, but with different drainage and exhaust channels as described herein.

Fifth Embodiment of Building Structure of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 23, an embodiment of a structure of this disclosure, generally 2300, is shown to include a slab 2302 situated on the ground 2304. The structure 2200 also includes an outer wall 2306 and an inner wall 2308. The outer wall 2306 and the inner wall 2308 may be of any type or construction. The structure 2300 also includes an outside HVAC unit 2310 disposed on an HVAC slab 2312 and including an air intake 2314 having a screen 2316 for pulling air 2318 from the surroundings into the HVAC unit 2310. The structure 2300 also includes an outlet 2320 and an outlet conduit 2322 leading through a roof 2324, through an attic space 2326, and through a ceiling 2328 supported by framing 2330 to an interior inlet 2332 from which conditioned air 2334 is discharged into an interior 2336 of the structure 2300. The structure 2300 also includes an interior outlet 2338 associated with an outlet conduit 2340 having an exhaust outlet 2342 for withdrawing air from the interior 2336 and discharging exhaust air 2344 into the attic 2326 or surrounding. The HVAC unit 2310 also includes a conditioned air wall discharge conduit 2346 including a control valve 2348 for controlling a rate and amount of conditioned air discharged into a wall pathway 2350 flows through the pathway 2348 and out exhaust holes 2352, which may be weep holes if the outer wall is masonry and mortar or just discharge channels if the outer wall is of some other construction. It should be recognized that in multistory building, the space into which the air is exhausted and that may be used to dry out walls may be any dead space including the space between floors or any other dead space that would allow air to flow through the walls and out the outlet channels. Of course, it should also be recognized that some structures the air flow may be from the bottom of the wall up especially in multistory buildings.

Expanded Views of Exterior Walls with Sensors of Building Structure of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 24A, an expanded view of an embodiment of an outer wall assembly of a structure of this disclosure, generally 2400, is shown to an outer wall 2402 and a sealer layer 2404 and an inner wall assembly 2406 including studs 2408, a moisture and/or vapor barrier layer 2410, an insulating sheathing and/or drywall layer 2412 situated on a slab 2414. The wall assembly 2400 also includes ties 2416 anchoring the outer wall 2402 to the studs 2408 of the inner wall assembly 2406. The wall assembly 2400 also includes an air pathway 2418 disposed between the outer wall 2402 and the barrier layer 2410. The wall assembly 2400 also includes exhaust ports, holes, or channels 2420 through which conditioned air is exits the pathway 2418.

The wall assembly 2400 also includes wall temperature sensors 2422, moisture/water sensors 2424 and an air flow rate sensor 2426. The sensors and control valves are all controlled by a controller describe more fully in FIG. 26.

Looking at FIG. 24B, an expanded view of another embodiment of an outer wall assembly of a structure of this disclosure, generally 2450, is shown to an outer wall 2452 and a sealer layer 2454 and an inner wall assembly 2456 including studs 2458, an moisture and/or vapor barrier layer 2460, an insulating sheathing and/or drywall layer 2462 situated on a slab 2464. The wall assembly 2450 also includes ties 2466 anchoring the outer wall 2452 to the studs 2458 of the inner wall assembly 2456. The wall assembly 2450 also includes an air pathway 2468 disposed between the outer wall 2452 and the barrier layer 2460. The wall assembly 2450 also includes exhaust ports, holes, or channels 2470 through which conditioned air is exits the pathway 2468. The wall assembly 2456 also includes n wall air conduit 2472 for supplying conditioned air to the pathway 2468 and a treating solution reservoir 2474 disposed on a beam 2476, a treating solution treating dispensing unit 2478, a dispensing conduit 2480 ending in a nozzle 2482 for spraying the treating solution 2484 into the pathway 2468.

The wall assembly 2400 also includes wall temperature sensors, moisture/water sensors and an air flow rate sensor. The sensors and control valves are all controlled by a controller describe more fully in FIG. 26.

The wall assembly 2400 may also include a control valve associated with the channels 2470 so that the passageways or pathways 2468 may be pressurized or cut off from air flow. Thus, the passageways or pathways 2468 may be flooded with a fire retardant gas or foam and pressurized to help impede the spread of a fire.

Expanded Views of Interior Walls with Sensors and Dispensing Assemblies of Building Structure of this Disclosure

Referring now to FIG. 25A, an expanded view of an embodiment of an inner wall assembly of a structure of this disclosure, generally 2500, is shown to include studs 2502, a first insulating sheathing and/or drywall layer 2504 and a second insulating sheathing and/or drywall layer 2506. The inner wall assembly 2500 also includes an air pathway 2508 disposed in a center 2510 of the assembly 2500. The assembly 2500 also includes a conditioner air conduit 2512 that supplies conditioned air into the pathway 2508 and an exhaust conduit 2514 that exhaust air, water, and/or moisture from the interior of the wall assembly 2500 disposed in a sub floor 2516 supported by support members 2518 on a slab 2520 and is vented out of the structure 2500 via an outlet 2522, where conditioned air flow is shown by the dark gray arrows. Of course, the pathway 2508 may require holes or other opening to be provided through the inner wall cross members (not shown) so that the conditioned is capable of reducing, decreasing, and/or eliminating water, moisture or mold accumulation in the wall assembly 2500 or facilitate drying the wall assembly 2500 after a water, moisture or mold event.

The wall assembly 2500 also includes wall temperature sensors 2524, moisture/water sensors 2526, and an air flow rate sensor 2528. The sensors and control valves are all controlled by a controller describe more fully in FIG. 26.

Looking at FIG. 25B, an expanded view of another embodiment of an inner wall assembly of a structure of this disclosure, generally 2550, is shown to include studs 2552, a first insulating sheathing and/or drywall layer 2554 and a second insulating sheathing and/or drywall layer 2556. The inner wall assembly 2550 also includes an air pathway 2558 disposed in a center 2560 of the assembly 2550. The assembly 2550 also includes a conditioner air conduit 2562 that supplies conditioned air into the pathway 2558 and an exhaust conduit 2564 that exhaust air, water, and/or moisture from the interior of the wall assembly 2550 disposed in a sub floor 2566 supported by support members 2568 on a slab 2570 and is vented out of the structure 2550 via an outlet 2572, where conditioned air flow is shown by the dark gray arrows. The assembly 2550 also includes a treating solution dispensing conduit 2574 ending in a nozzle 2576 for spraying a treating solution 2578 into the pathway 2558. The treating solution reservoir and dispensing mechanism are not shown, but may be as shown in FIG. 24B or of any other form used in the art to dispense a liquid, gas, or foam treating composition.

Of course, the pathway 2558 may require holes or other opening to be provided through the inner wall cross members (not shown) so that the conditioned air is capable of reducing, decreasing, and/or eliminating water, moisture or mold accumulation in the wall assembly 2550 or facilitate drying the wall assembly 2550 after a water, moisture or mold event.

The wall assembly 2550 also includes wall temperature sensors 2580, moisture/water sensors 2582, and an air flow rate sensor 2584. The sensors and control valves are all controlled by a controller describe more fully in FIG. 26.

The wall assembly 2500 may also include a control valve 2586 associated with the exhaust conduit 2564 so that the passageways or pathways 2558 may be pressurized or cut off from air flow. Thus, the passageways or pathways 2558 may be flooded with a fire retardant gas and pressurized to help impede the fire.

While FIGS. 24B and 25B demonstrate that introduction of compositions into the passageways to control pests, insects, molds, fungii, bacteria, and/or other pests, the compositions being dispensed may be fire suppressants and/or retardants that may be used to retard or impede the progression of fire through a structure.

Control System Embodiment

Referring now to FIG. 26, an embodiment of a control system, generally 2600, of a structure of this disclosure is shown to include a power supply 2602 (which may of course be the a power outlet in the structure or a dedicated power supply or power conditioning unit), a processor or processing unit 2604, one or a plurality of user interface or panel units 2606 including touch screen 2608 (or other interactive user interface), and optionally one or a plurality of remote control units 2610 (which may be a cell phone, a lap top, or desk top computer). The interface or panel units 2606 may be associated with each interior space or a plurality of interior spaces in communication with the processor 2604. By setting air properties in each of the interior spaces via the panels 2606, the air properties in each of the interior spaces or coupled interior spaces may be separately and independently controlled by the processor 2604. Additionally, air properties in each of the passageways may be entered into the panels 2606 communicated to the processor 2604 so that the air properties in each passageway may be independently and separately controlled. Of course, the processor 2604 may be programmed so that air properties in each of the interior spaces may be collectively controlled based on the number of people and heat generating equipment in each of the interior spaces. The processor 2604 include memory, communication hardware and software, and firmware or other software for controlling HVAC units, sensors, control valves, and dispensing units that dispense treating solutions. It should be recognized that passive air control valves are not controlled by the processing unit 2604, but may be controlled by the air flow.

The power supply 2602 supplies power to the processor 2604, the interface 2606, an HVAC unit 2612, control values 2616, temperature sensors 2618, water/moisture sensors 2620, air flow sensors 2622, and treating units 2624 via power supply wires 2626. While I have disclosed using temperature sensors, water/moisture sensors, and air flow sensors, the systems of this invention may also include other sensors such as chemical sensors 2628 (e.g., carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, mold, smoke, etc.) or other physical sensors 2630 (e.g., pressure, etc.) and any other sensors 2632 that may assist in reducing, removing, inhibiting and/or eliminating water, moisture, and/or mold or drying walls exposed to a water, moisture, and/or mold event.

The processor 2604 is in two way communication with the interface 2606, the remote control 2610, the HVAC unit 2612, the sensors 2618, 2620, 2622, 2628, 2630, and 2632, and the treating units 2624 via communication pathways 2634 (shown here as wires for the interface 2606, the HVAC unit 2612, the blower 2614, the sensors 2618, 2620, 2622, 2628, 2630, and 2632, and the treating units 2620 or a communication pathway 2636 (shown here as wireless for the remote control 2610). Of course, all of the communication pathways 2624 may also be wireless or a combination of wired and wireless communication pathways. Additionally, the interface 2606, the remote control 2610, the HVAC unit 2612, the blower 2614, the sensors 2616 and 2618 all include communication hardware and software for communication with the processor 2604, whether via wired or wireless communication pathways. Additionally, the remote control unit 2610 includes its own power supply, memory, processor, interface, touch screen or the like and human cognizable output devices such as speakers.

Window Systems

Referring now to FIGS. 27A-C, three views of an embodiment of a window system, generally 2700, are shown. Looking at FIG. 27A, the window system 2700 includes an exterior wall assembly 2710, an interior wall assembly 2730, and a window assembly 2770.

The exterior wall assembly 2710 includes an exterior wall 2712 having an interior 2714, an outer surface 2716, and an inner surface 2718. The exterior wall assembly 2710 may also include a moisture and/or air barrier layer 2720 having an inner surface 2722 and an outer surface 2724. The exterior wall 2712 may be constructed out of brick, stucco, planks, any other exterior building material and mixtures and combinations thereof.

• • interior wall assembly 2730 includes an air/moisture barrier layer 2732 having an inner surface 2734 and an outer surface 2736. The interior wall assembly 2730 also includes a sheating layer 2738 having an inner surface 2740 and an outer surface 2742. The interior wall assembly 2730 also includes an interior 2744. The interior 2744 includes an insulation layer 2746 having an inner surface 2748 and an outer surface 2750, and studs 2752. The interior wall assembly 2730 also includes an interior wall 2754 having an inner surface 2756 an outer surface 2758. The interior wall assembly 2730 also includes a steel angle member 2760 and a wall air flow pathway 2762. The air flow pathway 2762 is disposed between the inner surface 2718 of the exterior wall 2712 or an inner surface 2722 of the optional moisture and/or air barrier layer 2720.

The window assembly 2770 includes shim members 2772, a window frame member 2774, a wire mesh member 2776, and a window sill 2778. The window assembly 2770 also includes an outer single, double, or triple paned window 2780 having an inner surface 2782 and an outer surface 2784. The window assembly 2770 also includes an interior single, double, or triple paned window 2786 having an inner surface 2788 and an outer surface 2790. The window assembly 2770 also includes a window air flow pathway 2792 interposed between the outer surface 2784 of the outer window 2780 and an inner surface 2788 of the inner window 2786. The wall air flow pathway 2762 is connected to the window air flow pathway 2766. These two air flow pathways 2762 and 2792 provide cooling or heating to the walls and windows and provide dry air to remove water, moisture, and/or contaminates in the walls or windows.

Referring now to FIGS. 28A-I, depict another embodiment of a wall system of this disclosure is shown as an integrated wall system insulation constructs.

Looking at FIGS. 28A&B, a front plan view and top plan view of the integrated wall system, generally 2800, is shown to include a back member 2802 and a front member 2804. The front member 2804 includes a plurality of raised rectangular members 2806, and a plurality of channels 2808, through which air flows, air flow pathways. The plurality of raised rectangular members 2806 are designed to rest upon an inner wall member (not shown) providing air pathways.

The back member 2802 may be integral with the front member 2804 but is generally a separate member affixed to the front member 2804 by gluing via a glue layer, heat sealing, or other sealing layer via a heat sealing layer 2810 as shown in FIG. 28C. The sealing layer 2810 may be a continuous layer or may be a plurality of strips so that the channels 2808 do not include the sealant layer 2810. Of course, assembly would be easier with a continuous sealing layer 2810.

Looking at FIG. 28D, a front perspective view of the integrated wall system 2100. Looking at FIG. 28E, a back perspective view of the front member 2814 of the integrated wall system 2800 showing the raised rectangular members 2816 and the channels 2818. Looking at FIG. 28F, a back perspective view of the integrated wall system, generally 2800 showing the the raised rectangular members 2816.

Looking at FIG. 28G-I, other embodiments of the wall insulation constructs are shown.

The following table lists information about the dimensions of elements used in FIGS. 28A-I and are meant only as guides on possible element dimensions. The dimensions are length, width, and thickness represented by d1-d18.

TABLE I
Dimension of Elements of the Wall Structure of FIG. 28G-H

Element	Dimension	Ranges (lenght × width × thickness)
2102	d1 × d2 × d3	6′ to 16′ × 2′ to 6′ × 0.5″ to 1.5″
2104	d4 × d5 × d6	5.25′ to 15.25′ × 1.25′ × 5.25′ × 0.5″ to 1.5″
2106	d7 × d8 × d9	4″ to 8″ × 2″ 4″ × 0.5″ to 2″
2108	d10 × d11 ×	5.25′ to 15.25′ × 0.5″ to 1.5″ × 0.25″ to 0.5″
	d12
2110	d13 × d14 ×	5.25′ to 15.25′ × 1.25′ × 5.25′ × 0.1″ to 0.25″
	d15
Spacing	d16; d17; d18	6″ × 14″; 4″ × 6″; 9′ × 17″

Spacing refers to the pattern of the raised members 2106 on the front member 2104. Please note that the dimensions are values that may be “about” the listed values.

It should be recognized that the raised members may be of any geometric shapes including, without limitation, triangular, square, circular, oval, diamond, star, or any other geometric shape. Moreover, the configuration or pattern of the raised members may be of any useable configuration that would produce air pathways through the integrated wall system when put in place. Additionally, the channels may be of any geometrical shape including, without limitation, triangular, rectangular, square, circular, oval, or any other geometric shape. Furthermore, the insulation constructs may include cut outs for exterior windows, interior windows, other exterior or interior features or fixtures, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the insulation constructs may include one or more portions to accommodate exterior windows, interior windows, other exterior or interior features or fixtures, or any combination thereof or

TABLE II
Dimensional and Other Structural Information for All Embodiments

	DESCRIPTION OF	NUMBER AND TYPE	SPACING AND
ITEM	BUILDING ELEMENTS	COMPONENTS	LOCATION

Roof

1	Blocking Between Ceiling	4-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″) or	Toe Nail
	Joists or Rafters to Top Plate	3-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		3-1 0d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3-3″ × 0.131″nails
2	Ceiling Joists to Top Plate	4-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Per Joist, Toe Nail
		3-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		3-1 0d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3-3″ × 0.131″nails
3	Ceiling Joist Not Attached to	4-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	Face Nail
	Parallel Rafter, Laps over	3-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″); or
	Partitions (See Section	4-3″ × 0.131″nails
	R802.5.2 and Table
	R802.5.2)
4	Ceiling Joist Attached to	Table R802.5.2	Face Nail
	Parallel Rafter (Heel Joint)
	(See Section R802.5.2 and
	Table R802.5.2)
5	Collar Tie to Rafter, Face	4-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	Face Nail Each Rafter
	Nail or 1¼″ × 20 Ga. Ridge	3-10d common (3″ × 0.148″); or
	Strap to Rafter	4-3″ × 0.131″nails
6	Rafter or Roof Truss to Plate	3-16d box nails (3½″ × 0.135″); or	2 Toe Nails on One
		3-10d common nails (3″ × 0.148″);	Side and 1 Toe Nail
		or	on Opposite Side of
		4-!0d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	Each Rafter or Trussi
		4-3″ × 0.131″nails
7	Roof Rafters to Ridge,	4-16d (3½″ × 0.135″); or	Toe Nail
	Valley or Hip Rafters or	3-10d common (3″ × 0.148″); or
	Roof Rafter to Minimum 2″	4-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
	Ridge Beam	4-3″ × 0.131″nails
		3-16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	End Nail
		2-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″); or
		3-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3-3″ × 0.131″nails

Wall

8	Stud to stud (not at braced	16d common (3½″ × 0.162″)	24″ o.c. face nail
	wall panels)	10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	16″ o.c. face nail
		3″ × 0.131″ nails
9	Stud to Stud and Abutting	16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	12″ o.c. face nail
	Studs at Intersecting Wall	3″ × 0.1 31″nails
	Corners (At Braced Wall	16d common (3½″ × 0.162″)	16″ o.c. face nail
	Panels)
10	Built-up Header (2″ to 2″	16d common (3½″ × 0.162″)	16″ o.c. each edge
	Header with ½″ Spacer)		face nail
		16d box (3½″ × 0.135″)	12″ o.c. each edge
			face nail
11	Continuous Header to Stud	5-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Toe Nail
		4-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		4-10d box (3″ × 0.128″)
12	Top Plate to Top Plate	16d common (3½″ × 0.162″)	16″ o.c. face nail
		10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	12″ o.c. face nail
		3″ × 0.131″nails
13	Double Top Plate Splice	8-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″); or	Face nail on each side
		12-16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	of end joint
		12-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	(minimum 24″ lap
		12-3″ × 0.131″ nails	splice length each side
			of end joint)
14	Bottom Plate to Joist, Rim	16d common (3½″′ × 0.162″)	16″ o.c. face nail
	Joist, Band Joist or Blocking	16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	12″ o.c. face nail
	(Not at Braced Wall Panels)	3″ × 0.131″nails
15	Bottom Plate to Joist, Rim	3-16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	3 Each 16″ o.c. Face
	Joist, Band Joist or Blocking	2-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″); or	Nail
	(At Braced Wall Panel)	4-3″ × 0.131″ nails	2 Each 16″ o.c. Face
			Nail
			4 Each 16″ o.c. Face
			Nail
16	Top or Bottom Plate to Stud	4-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Toe Nail
		3-16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or
		4-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		4-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		4-3″ × 0.131″ nails
		3-16d box (3½″′ × 0.135″); or	End Nail
		2-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″); or
		3-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3-3″ × 0.131″nails
17	Top Plates, Laps at Comers	3-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	Face Nail
	and	2-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″); or
		3-3″ × 0.131″nails
18	1″brace to Each Stud and	3-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Face Nail
	Plate	2-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		2-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		2 staples 1¾″
19	1″ × 6″ Sheathing to Each	3-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Face Nail
	Bearing	2-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		2-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		2 staples, 1″crown, 16 ga., 1¼″
		long
20	1″ × 8″ and wider sheathing	3-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Face Nail
	to each bearing	3-8d common (2½″′ × 0.131″); or
		3-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3 staples, 1″crown, 16 ga., 1¼″
		long
		Wider than 1″ × 8″
		4-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or
		3-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		3-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		4 staples, 1″crown, I 6 ga., 1¼″
		long

Floor

21	Joist to Sill, Top Plate or	4-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Toe Nail
	Girder	3-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		3-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3-3″ × 0.131″ nails
22	Rim Joist, Band Joist or	8d box (2½″ × 0.113″)	4″ o.c. Toe Nail
	Blocking to Sill or Top Plate	8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or	6″ o.c. Toe Nail
	(Roof Applications Also)	10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3″ × 0.131″nails
23	1″ × 6″ Subfloor or Less to	3-8d box (2½″ × 0.113″); or	Face Nail
	Each Joist	2-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″); or
		3-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		2 staples, 1″crown, 16 ga., 1¼″
		long
24	2″ Subfloor to Joist or Girder	3-16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	Blind and face nail
		2-1 6d common (3½″ × 0.162″)
25	2″ Planks (Plank & Beam-	3-16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	At Each Bearing, Face
	floor & Roof)	2-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″)	Nail
26	Band or Rim Joist to Joist	3-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″)	End Nail
		4-10 box (3″ × 0.128″), or
		4-3″ × 0.131″nails; or
		4-3″ × 14ga. staples, 7/16″crown
27	Built-up Girders and Beams,	20d common (4″ × 0.1 92″); or	Nail Each Layer as
	2-inch Lumber Layers		Follows: 32″ o.c. at
			Top and Bottom and
			Staggered
		10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or	24″ o.c. Face Nail at
		3″ × 0.131″ nails	Top and Bottom
			Staggered on
			Opposite Sides
		And:	Face Nail at Ends and
		2-20d common (4″ × 0.192″); or	at Each Splice
		3-1 0d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		3-3″ × 0.131
28	Ledger Strip Supporting	4-16d box (3½″ × 0.135″); or	At Each Joist or
	Joists or Rafters	3-16d common (3½″ × 0.162″); or	Rafter, Face Nail
		4-10d box (3″ × 0.128″); or
		4-3″ × 0.131″ nails
29	Bridging or blocking to joist	2-10d box (3″ × 0.128″), or	Each end, toe nail
		2-8d common (2½″ × 0.131″; or
		2-3″ × 0.131″′) nails

TABLE III
Dimensional and Other Structural Information for All Embodiments

			SPACING AND
	DESCRIPTION		LOCATION

	OF BUILDING	NUMBER AND TYPE		Intermediate
ITEM	ELEMENTS	OF FASTENERa,b,c	Edges (″)	supports (″)

Wood Structural Panels, Subfloor, Roof and Interior Wall Sheathing to Framing and

Particle board Wall Sheathing to Framing

30	⅜″-½″	6d common (2″ × 0.113″) nail	6	12f
		(subfloor, wally)i
		8d common (2½″ × 0.131″) nail
		(roof); or
		RSRS-01 (2⅜″ × 0.113″) nail (root)i
31	19/32″-1″	8d common nail (2½″ × 0.131″); or	6	12f
		RSRS-01 (2½″ × 0.113″) nail (root)i
32	1⅛″-1¼″	10d common (3″ × 0.148″) nail; or	6	12
		8d (2½″ × 0.131″) deformed nail

Other Wall Sheathingg

33	½″ Structural	1½″ galvanized roofing nail, of	3	6
	Cellulosic	7/16″ head diameter, or
	Fiberboard	1½″ long 16 ga. staple with 7/16″ or
	Sheathing	1″ crown
34	25/32″ Structural	1¾″ galvanized roofing nail,	3	6
	Cellulosic	7/16″′ head diameter, or
	Fiberboard	1½″ long 16 ga. staple with 7/16″or
	Sheathing	1 crown
35	1½″ Gypsum	1½″ galvanized roofing nail; staple	7	7
	Sheathingd	galvanized, or
		1½″ long; 1¼″ screws, Type W or S
36	⅝″ Gypsum	1¾″ galvanized roofing nail; staple	7	7
	Sheathingd	galvanized,
		1⅝″ long; 1⅝″ screws, Type W or S

Wood Structural Panels, Combination Subfloor Underlayment to Framing

37	1¾″ or Less	6d deformed (2″ × 0.120″) nail; or	6	12
		8d common (2½″ × 0.131″) nail
38	⅞″-1″	8d common (2½″ × 0.131″) nail; or	6	12
		8d deformed (2½″ × 0.120″) nail
39	1⅛″-1¼″	10d common (3″ × 0.148″) nail; or	6	12
		8d deformed (2½″ × 0.120″) nail
aNails are smooth-common, box or deformed shanks except where otherwise stated. Nails used for framing and sheathing connections shall have minimum average bending yield strengths as shown: 80 ksi for shank diameter of 0.192 inch (20d common nail), 90 ksi for shank diameters larger than 0.142 inch but not larger than 0.177 inch, and I 00 ksi for shank diameters of0.142 inch or less.
bStaples are 16 gage wire and have a minimum 7/16-inch on diameter crown width.
cNails shall be spaced at not more than 6 inches on center at all supports where spans are 48 inches or greater.
dFour-foot by 8-foot or 4-foot by 9-foot panels shall be applied vertically.
e. Spacing of fasteners not included in this table shall be based on Table R602.3(2).
fFor wood structural panel roof sheathing attached to gable end roof framing and to intermediate supports within 48 inches of roof edges and ridges, nails shall be spaced at 6 inches on center where the ultimate design wind speed is less than 130 mph and shall be spaced 4 inches on center where the ultimate design wind speed is 130 mph or greater but less than 140 mph.
gGypsum sheathing shall conform to ASTM C1396 and shall be installed in accordance with GA 253. Fiberboard sheathing shall conform to ASTM C208.
h. Spacing of fasteners on floor sheathing panel edges applies to panel edges supported by framing members and required blocking and at floor perimeters only. Spacing of fasteners on roof sheathing panel edges applies to panel edges supported by framing members and required blocking. Blocking of roof or floor sheathing panel edges perpendicular to the framing members need not be provided except as required by other provisions of this code. Floor perimeter shall be supported by framing members or solid blocking.
iWhere a rafter is fastened to an adjacent parallel ceiling joist in accordance with this schedule, provide two toe nails on one side of the rafter and toe nails from the ceiling joist to top plate in accordance with this schedule. The toe nail on the opposite side of the rafter shall not be required.
j. RSRS-01 is a Roof Sheathing Ring Shank nail meeting the specifications in ASTM Fl 667

EXPERIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

Referring now to FIG. 29, a plot of temperature (° F.) and relative humidity (%) versus recirculated air in cubic feet per minute (cfm) at 325 cfm outside air mixed with returning air from an interior of a structure to attain a conditioned air having a temperature of 74° F. and a relative humidity of 45% for FIGS. 1A-8D.

Referring now to FIG. 30, a plot of temperature (° F.) and relative humidity (%) versus recirculated air in cubic feet per minute (cfm) at 425 cfm outside air mixed with returning air from an interior of a structure to attain a conditioned air having a temperature of 74° F. and a relative humidity of 45% for FIGS. 1A-8D.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

• • Embodiment 1. An apparatus or system comprising:
  • one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems, each of the one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems includes:
    • one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assemblies or subsystems, each of the HVDAC assemblies or subsystems includes an exterior coolant compressor unit and an interior HVDAC unit;
    • an outside air supply (OAS) assembly or subsystem;
    • an air mixing (AM) assembly or subsystem;
    • an air distribution (AD) assembly or subsystem; and
    • an optional energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assembly or subsystem.
  • Embodiment 2. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 1, wherein each of the one or more HVDAC units comprises:
  • an HVAC air inlet conduit including:
    • an HVDAC inlet, and
    • an HVDAC inlet control valve configured to control a supply of unconditioned air or a mixture of unconditioned air and exhaust conditioned air from the AM assembly or subsystem to the HVDAC unit;
  • an HVDAC air outlet conduit including:
    • an HVDAC outlet, and
    • an HVAC outlet control valve configured to control a supply of conditioned air from the AM assembly or subsystem to interior spaces of a building; and
  • at least one HVDAC exhaust conduit including:
    • an HVDAC exhaust inlet, and
    • an HVDAC exhaust outlet configured to support an air flow of exhaust conditioned air from the interior spaces of the building to the AM assembly or subsystem.
  • Embodiment 3. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 2, wherein the AM assembly or subsystem comprises:
  • an airtight or essentially airtight volume.
  • Embodiment 4. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 3, wherein the volume comprises:
  • a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member, and one or more airtight or essentially airtight space entry ways.
  • Embodiment 5. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 4, wherein the airtight or essentially airtight volume comprises:
  • a box or container disposed in an attic of a residential building, or
  • a box or container disposed in an overhead space of a commercial building, or
  • an attic of a residential building, or
  • an overhead space of a commercial building.
  • Embodiment 6. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 1 through 5, wherein the AD assembly or subsystem further includes:
  • a plurality of air inlet conduits, each of the plurality of air inlet conduits includes:
    • an inlet, and
    • an outlet;
  • a plurality of air outlet conduits, each of the plurality of air outlet conduits includes:
    • an inlet, and
    • an outlet;
  • a plurality of air outlet passageways or pathways, each of the plurality of air outlet passageways or pathways includes:
    • an inlet, and
      • one or more outlets, outlet ports, outlet vents, or weep holes.
  • Embodiment 7. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 6, wherein:
  • one, some or all of the plurality of air inlet conduits include a control valve, or
  • one, some or all of the plurality of air outlet conduits include a control valve, or
  • one, some or all of the plurality of air outlet passageways or pathways.
  • Embodiment 8. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 1 through 7, wherein:
  • plurality of air outlet passageways or pathways are disposed in exterior walls and optionally in interior walls of the building, and
  • the AD assembly or subsystem is adapted to supply air to the exterior walls and optionally the interior walls to reduce, prevent, or eliminate moisture, water, water vapor, or microbe accumulation in the exterior walls and optionally the interior walls.
  • Embodiment 9. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 1 through 8, further comprising:
  • an air flow control system including:
    • a processing unit; and
    • plurality of sensors.
  • Embodiment 10. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 1 through 9, wherein:
  • one, some, or all of the control valves are active control valves,
  • wherein the processing unit is in communication with the active control valves and the plurality of sensors, and
  • wherein the processing unit is configured to:
    • receive input from the sensors, and
    • control the HVDAC units, and
    • control the active control valves, and
  • wherein during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    • control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values, adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values,
  • wherein the sensors comprise temperature sensors, pressure sensors, air flow rate sensors, other physical sensors, water/moisture sensors, chemical sensors, microbe sensors, or combinations thereof,
  • wherein one or more of the sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the one or more wall air pathways, and
  • wherein the one or more properties include a moisture concentration in the one or more air pathways, a temperature in the one or more air pathways, a pressure in the one or more air pathways, an air flow rate in the one or more air pathways, a sensed chemical concentration in the one or more air pathways, a microbe concentration in the in the one or more air pathways, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 11. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 6 through 7, wherein the sensors comprise:
  • physical sensors including:
    • temperature sensors,
    • pressure sensors,
    • air flow rate sensors,
    • other physical sensors, or
    • combinations thereof; or
  • chemical sensors including:
    • moisture sensors,
    • water vapor sensors,
    • other physical sensors, or
    • combinations thereof; or
  • microbial sensors including:
    • viral sensors
    • bacterial sensors,
    • mold sensors,
    • other microbial sensors, or
    • combinations thereof; or
  • combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 12. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 5 through 11, wherein:
  • one, some, or all of the plurality of sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the air inlet conduits, or
  • one, some, or all of the plurality of sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the air outlet conduits, or
  • one, some, or all of the plurality of sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the air outlet passageways or pathways, or
  • any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 13. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 5 through 12, wherein:
  • all of the control valves are active control valves, and
  • during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    • adjust the air flow are controlled in each of the air inlet conduits, in one, some, or all of the air outlet conduits, and in one, some, or all of the air outlet passageways or pathways so that the air and sensor properties in one, some, or all of the air inlet conduits, the air outlet conduits, and the air outlet passageways or pathways are maintained at desired values.
  • Embodiment 14. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 5 through 13, wherein the one or more air or sensor properties include:
    • moisture concentrations,
    • temperatures,
    • pressures,
    • air flow rates,
    • chemical concentrations,
    • microbial concentrations, or
    • any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 15. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 1 through 14, further comprising:
  • a dispensing assembly including:
    • a reservoir containing a treating composition;
    • a dispensing supply conduit having:
      • a dispensing assembly control value,
    • a dispensing head at its distal end,
  • wherein the dispensing assembly control value is configured to control an amount of treating solution introduced in one, some, or all of the air inlet conduits, one, some, or all of the air outlet conduits, and one, some, or all of the air outlet passageways or pathways.
  • Embodiment 16. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 15, wherein the treating composition comprising:
  • a mold control composition,
  • a pesticide,
  • an insecticide,
  • a fungicide,
  • a bactericide,
  • a rodent poison,
  • other control compositions,
  • a gas,
  • a fire retardant compositions,
  • a fire retardant foam, or
  • mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 17. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 16, wherein the gas comprises:
  • nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air, argon, a haloalkane, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 18. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 12 through 17, wherein the haloalkane comprises:
  • iodomethane; bromomethane, bromochloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, tribromofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, hexafluoroethane, or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 19. A structure comprising:
  • a roof;
  • an attic or overhead space;
  • a ceiling;
  • a floor;
  • one or more exterior wall assemblies, each of the one or more exterior wall assemblies includes:
    • an exterior wall including:
      • an exterior wall outer member,
      • an exterior wall inner member, and
        • one or more structural insulation forms or constructs interposed between the exterior wall outer member and the exterior wall inner member;
  • a plurality of interior wall assemblies;
  • a plurality of interior spaces defined by the exterior walls and the interior walls; and
  • one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems.
  • Embodiment 20. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 19, wherein each of the one or more interior wall assemblies includes:
  • an interior wall including:
    • an interior wall outer member,
    • an interior wall inner member,
      • one or more structural insulation forms or constructs interposed between the interior wall outer member and the interior wall inner member, each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
        • one or more interior wall air pathway inlets,
      • one or more interior wall air pathway outlets.
  • Embodiment 21. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 20, wherein:
  • each of the exterior wall outer member includes:
    • an insulating layer;
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the exterior wall inner member includes:
    • an insulating layer,
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall outer member includes:
    • a sheathing, a liquid barrier, or any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall inner member includes:
    • a sheet rock or plaster layer.
  • Embodiment 22. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 21, wherein:
  • each of the exterior walls further including:
    • one or more exterior wall air pathways interposed between the exterior wall outer member and the exterior wall inner member, each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
      • one or more exterior wall air pathway inlets, and one or more exterior wall air pathway outlets, outlet ports, or weep holes,
  • wherein the one or more exterior wall air pathways are adapted to receive an exhaust conditioned air to reduce, prevent, remove, or eliminate water accumulation, moisture accumulation, microbe accumulation, or any combination thereof in the one or more exterior wall assemblies;
  • each of the interior walls further including:
    • one or more interior wall air pathways interposed between the interior wall outer member and the interior wall inner member, each of the one or more interior wall air pathways includes:
      • one or more interior wall air pathway inlets, and
    • one or more interior wall air pathway outlets,
  • wherein the one or more interior wall air pathways are adapted to receive an exhaust conditioned air to reduce, prevent, remove, or eliminate water accumulation, moisture accumulation, microbe accumulation, or any combination thereof in the one or more interior wall assemblies.
  • Embodiment 23. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 22, further comprising:
  • one or more of exterior window assemblies, each of the one or more of exterior window assemblies includes:
    • an exterior window including an outer window pane and an inner window pane, or an outer window pane, a middle window pane, and an inner window pane;
    • one or more window air pathways interposed between pairs of the window panes,
    •  each of the one or more window air pathways includes:
      • one or more window air flow pathway inlets, and
      • one or more window air flow pathway outlets.
  • Embodiment 24. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 23, wherein each of the one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems comprises:
  • one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assemblies or subsystems;
  • one or more outside air supply (OAS) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air mixing (AM) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air distribution (AD) assemblies or subsystems; and
  • one or more optional energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space.
  • Embodiment 25. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 24, wherein each of the one or more HVDAC assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an internal HVDAC unit including:
    • an internal HVDAC inlet, and
    • an internal HVDAC outlet; and
  • an external HVDAC unit including:
    • an external HVDAC coolant inlet and
    • an external HVDAC outlet conduits.
  • Embodiment 26. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 23 through 25, wherein each of the one or more OAS assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an OAS inlet,
  • an OAS inlet conduit,
  • an OAS blower, fan or pump, and
  • an OAS outlet.
  • Embodiment 27. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 23 through 26, wherein each of the one or more AM assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space, and
  • attic or overhead airtight or essentially airtight entry ways.
  • Embodiment 28. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 23 through 27, wherein each of the one or more AD assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • air inlet conduits, each of the air inlet conduits:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump; and
  • air outlet conduits, each of the air outlet conduits include:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump.
  • Embodiment 29. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 23 through 28, wherein each of the one or more ERV assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an ERV unit including:
    • an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet vent, and
    • an ERV modified outside interior space outlet control valve.
  • Embodiment 30. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 29, wherein the airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight attic, or the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space includes:
  • a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member adapted to render the attic box or container, the overhead space box or container, the attic, or the overhead space airtight or essentially airtight.
  • Embodiment 31. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 30, wherein the AD assembly or subsystem further includes:
  • one or more wall air pathway conduits including:
    • one or more wall air pathway conduit inlets, each of the one or more wall air pathway conduit inlets includes:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump; and
  •  one or more wall air pathway conduit outlets, each of the one or more wall air pathway conduit outlets includes:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump.
  • Embodiment 32. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 31, further comprising:
  • an air flow control system including:
    • a processing unit; and
    • plurality of sensors;
  • wherein one, some, or all of the control valves are active control valves,
  • wherein the processing unit is in communication with the active control valves and the plurality of sensors, and
  • wherein the processing unit is configured to:
    • receive input from the sensors, and
    • control the HVDAC units, and
    • control the active control valves, and
  • wherein during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    •  control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values,
    • adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values,
  • wherein the sensors comprise temperature sensors, pressure sensors, air flow rate sensors, other physical sensors, water/moisture sensors, chemical sensors, microbe sensors, or combinations thereof,
  • wherein one or more of the sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the one or more wall air pathways, and
  • wherein the one or more properties include a moisture concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a temperature in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a pressure in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, an air flow rate in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a sensed chemical concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a microbe concentration in the in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 33. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 32, wherein:
  • all of the control valves are active control valves, and
  • during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    • control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values,
  •  adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values.
  • Embodiment 34. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 19 through 33, further comprising:
  • a dispensing assembly disposed in one, some, or all of the one or more exterior wall assemblies and/or in one, some, or all of the one or more interior wall assemblies including:
    • a reservoir containing a treating composition;
    • a dispensing supply conduit having:
      • a dispensing assembly control value,
    • a dispensing head at its distal end,
  • wherein the dispensing assembly control value is configured to control an amount of treating solution or gas introduced into one, some, or all of the air outlet pathways.
  • Embodiment 35. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 34, wherein the treating composition comprises:
  • a mold control composition, a pesticide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a bactericide, a rodent poison, other control compositions, a gas, a fire retardant compositions, a foam, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 36. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 35, wherein the gas comprises: nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air, argon, a haloalkane, or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 37. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 35 through 36, wherein the haloalkane comprises:
  • iodomethane; bromomethane, bromochloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, tribromofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, hexafluoroethane, or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 38. A structure comprising:
  • a roof;
  • an attic or overhead space;
  • a ceiling;
  • a floor;
  • one or more exterior wall assemblies, each of the one or more exterior wall assemblies includes:
    • an exterior wall including:
      • an exterior wall outer member,
      • an exterior wall inner member,
        • one or more structural insulation forms or constructs and one or more exterior wall air pathways interposed between the exterior wall outer member and the exterior wall inner member, each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
      •  one or more exterior wall air pathway inlets,
        •  one or more exterior wall air pathway outlets, outlet ports,
        •  outlet vents, or weep holes;
  • a plurality of interior walls;
  • one or more of exterior window assemblies, each of the one or more of exterior window assemblies includes:
    •  an exterior window including an outer window pane and an inner window pane, or an outer window pane, a middle window pane, and an inner window pane;
    •  one or more window air pathways interposed between pairs of the window panes,
    • each of the one or more window air pathways includes:
      • one or more window air flow pathway inlets, and
      • one or more window air flow pathway outlets,
  • a plurality of interior spaces defined by the exterior walls and the interior walls; and
  • one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems.
  • Embodiment 39. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 38, wherein each of the one or more interior wall assemblies includes:
  • an interior wall including:
    • an interior wall outer member,
    • an interior wall inner member,
      • one or more structural insulation forms or constructs or one or more structural insulation forms or constructs and one or more interior wall air pathways interposed between the interior wall outer member and the interior wall inner member,
    • each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
      •  one or more interior wall air pathway inlets,
      • one or more interior wall air pathway outlets.
  • Embodiment 40. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 39, wherein:
  • each of the exterior wall outer member includes:
    • an insulating layer;
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the exterior wall inner member includes:
    • an insulating layer,
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall outer member includes:
    • a sheathing, a liquid barrier, or any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall inner member includes:
    • a sheet rock or plaster layer.
  • Embodiment 41. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 38 through 40, wherein each of the one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems comprises:
  • one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assemblies or subsystems;
  • one or more outside air supply (OAS) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air mixing (AM) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air distribution (AD) assemblies or subsystems; and
  • one or more optional energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space.
  • Embodiment 42. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 41, wherein each of the one or more HVDAC assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an internal HVDAC unit including:
    • an internal HVDAC inlet, and
    • an internal HVDAC outlet; and
  • an external HVDAC unit including:
    • an external HVDAC coolant inlet and
    • an external HVDAC outlet conduits.
  • Embodiment 43. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 41 through 42, wherein each of the one or more OAS assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an OAS inlet,
  • an OAS inlet conduit,
  • an OAS blower, fan or pump, and
  • an OAS outlet.
  • Embodiment 44. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 41 through 43, wherein each of the one or more AM assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space, and
  • attic or overhead airtight or essentially airtight entry ways.
  • Embodiment 45. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 41 through 44, wherein each of the one or more AD assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • air inlet conduits, each of the air inlet conduits:
    • one or more control valves; and
  • air outlet conduits, each of the air outlet conduits include:
    • one or more control valves.
  • Embodiment 46. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 41 through 45, wherein each of the one or more ERV assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an ERV unit including:
    • an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet vent, and
    • an ERV modified outside interior space outlet control valve.
  • Embodiment 47. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 38 through 46, wherein the airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight attic, or the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space includes:
  • a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member adapted to render the attic box or container, the overhead space box or container, the attic, or the overhead space airtight or essentially airtight.
  • Embodiment 48. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 38 through 47, wherein the AD assembly or subsystem further includes:
  • one or more wall air pathway conduits including:
    • one or more wall air pathway conduit inlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof, and
  •  one or more wall air pathway conduit outlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof; and
  • one or more window air pathway conduits including:
    • one or more window air pathway conduit inlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof, and
  •  one or more window air pathway conduit outlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 49. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 38 through 48, further comprising:
  • an air flow control system including:
    • a processing unit; and
    • plurality of sensors;
  • wherein one, some, or all of the control valves are active control valves,
  • wherein the processing unit is in communication with the active control valves and the plurality of sensors, and
  • wherein the processing unit is configured to:
    • receive input from the sensors, and
    • control the HVDAC units, and
    • control the active control valves, and
  • during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    •  control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values,
    • adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values,
  • wherein the sensors comprise temperature sensors, pressure sensors, air flow rate sensors, other physical sensors, water/moisture sensors, chemical sensors, microbe sensors, or combinations thereof,
  • wherein one or more of the sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the one or more wall air pathways, and
  • wherein the one or more properties include a moisture concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a temperature in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a pressure in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, an air flow rate in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a sensed chemical concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a microbe concentration in the in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 50. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 38 through 49, wherein:
  • all of the control valves are active control valves, and
  • during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    • control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values,
    • adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values.
  • Embodiment 51. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 38 through 50, wherein the one or more properties include moisture concentrations, temperatures, pressures, air flow rates, chemical concentrations, microbial concentrations or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 52. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 38 through 51, further comprising:
  • a dispensing assembly disposed in one, some, or all of the wall assemblies or in one, some, or all of the wall assemblies and one, some, or all of the interior wall assemblies, the dispensing assembly includes:
    • a reservoir containing a treating composition;
    • a dispensing supply conduit having:
      • a dispensing assembly control value,
    • a dispensing head at its distal end,
  • wherein the dispensing assembly control value is configured to control an amount of treating solution introduced into one, some, or all of the wall air pathways, into one, some, or all of the window air pathways, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 53. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 52, wherein:
  • the treating composition comprising a mold control composition, a pesticide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a bactericide, a rodent poison, other control compositions, a gas, a fire retardant compositions, a foam, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 54. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 53, wherein:
  • the gas comprising nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air, argon, haloalkanes or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 55. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 52 through 54, wherein:
  • the haloalkanes comprising iodomethane; bromomethane, bromochloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, tribromofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, hexafluoroethane, or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 56. A structure comprising:
  • a roof;
  • an overhead space;
  • an overhead space floor;
  • a foundation or base;
  • one or more exterior wall assemblies, each of the one or more exterior wall assemblies includes:
    • an exterior wall including:
      • an exterior wall outer member,
      • an exterior wall inner member,
        • one or more structural insulation forms interposed between the exterior wall outer member and the exterior wall inner member;
      • a plurality of air exhaust ports, outlets, vents, or weep holes;
  • a plurality of stories, each of the plurality of stories includes:
    • a ceiling including a dead space,
      • one or more interior spaces defined by one or more interior walls and the plurality of exterior walls, and
    • a floor;
  • a plurality of interior wall assemblies;
  • a plurality of interior spaces defined by the exterior walls and the interior walls; and
  • one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems.
  • Embodiment 57. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 56, wherein each of the one or more interior wall assemblies includes:
  • an interior wall including:
    • an interior wall outer member,
    • an interior wall inner member,
      • one or more structural insulation forms or constructs interposed between the interior wall outer member and the interior wall inner member,
    • each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
      •  one or more interior wall air pathway inlets,
      • one or more interior wall air pathway outlets.
  • Embodiment 58. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 57, wherein:
  • each of the exterior wall outer member includes:
    • an insulating layer;
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the exterior wall inner member includes:
    • an insulating layer,
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall outer member includes:
    • a sheathing, a liquid barrier, or any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall inner member includes:
    • a sheet rock or plaster layer.
  • Embodiment 59. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 58, wherein:
  • each of the exterior walls further including:
    • one or more exterior wall air pathways interposed between the exterior wall outer member and the exterior wall inner member, each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
      • one or more exterior wall air pathway inlets, and
    • one or more exterior wall air pathway outlets, outlet ports, or weep holes,
  • wherein the one or more exterior wall air pathways are adapted to receive an exhaust conditioned air to reduce, prevent, remove, or eliminate water accumulation, moisture accumulation, microbe accumulation, or any combination thereof in the one or more exterior wall assemblies;
  • each of the interior walls further including:
    • one or more interior wall air pathways interposed between the interior wall outer member and the interior wall inner member, each of the one or more interior wall air pathways includes:
      • one or more interior wall air pathway inlets, and
    • one or more interior wall air pathway outlets,
  • wherein the one or more interior wall air pathways are adapted to receive an exhaust conditioned air to reduce, prevent, remove, or eliminate water accumulation, moisture accumulation, microbe accumulation, or any combination thereof in the one or more interior wall assemblies.
  • Embodiment 60. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 59, further comprising:
  • one or more of exterior window assemblies, each of the one or more of exterior window assemblies includes:
    • an exterior window including an outer window pane and an inner window pane, or an outer window pane, a middle window pane, and an inner window pane;
    • one or more window air pathways interposed between pairs of the window panes,
  • each of the one or more window air pathways includes:
    •  one or more window air flow pathway inlets, and
    •  one or more window air flow pathway outlets.
  • Embodiment 61. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 60, wherein each of the one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems comprises:
  • one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assemblies or subsystems;
  • one or more outside air supply (OAS) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air mixing (AM) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air distribution (AD) assemblies or subsystems; and
  • one or more optional energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space.
  • Embodiment 62. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 61, wherein each of the one or more HVDAC assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an internal HVDAC unit including:
    • an internal HVDAC inlet, and
    • an internal HVDAC outlet; and
  • an external HVDAC unit including:
    • an external HVDAC coolant inlet and
    • an external HVDAC outlet conduits.
  • Embodiment 63. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 60 through 62, wherein each of the one or more OAS assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an OAS inlet,
  • an OAS inlet conduit,
  • an OAS blower, fan or pump, and
  • an OAS outlet.
  • Embodiment 64. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 60 through 63, wherein each of the one or more AM assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space, and
  • attic or overhead airtight or essentially airtight entry ways.
  • Embodiment 65. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 60 through 64, wherein each of the one or more AD assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • air inlet conduits, each of the air inlet conduits:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump; and
  • air outlet conduits, each of the air outlet conduits include:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump.
  • Embodiment 66. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 60 through 65, wherein each of the one or more ERV assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an ERV unit including:
    • an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet vent, and
    • an ERV modified outside interior space outlet control valve.
  • Embodiment 67. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 66, wherein the airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight attic, or the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space includes:
  • a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member adapted to render the attic box or container, the overhead space box or container, the attic, or the overhead space airtight or essentially airtight.
  • Embodiment 68. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 67, wherein the AD assembly or subsystem further includes:
  • one or more wall air pathway conduits including:
    • one or more wall air pathway conduit inlets, each of the one or more wall air pathway conduit inlets includes:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump; and
  •  one or more wall air pathway conduit outlets, each of the one or more wall air pathway conduit outlets includes:
    • a control valve or a blower, fan, or pump.
  • Embodiment 69. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 68, further comprising:
  • an air flow control system including:
    • a processing unit; and
    • plurality of sensors;
  • wherein one, some, or all of the control valves are active control valves,
  • wherein the processing unit is in communication with the active control valves and the plurality of sensors, and
  • wherein the processing unit is configured to:
    • receive input from the sensors, and
    • control the HVDAC units, and
    • control the active control valves, and
  • wherein during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    •  control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values,
    • adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values,
  • wherein the sensors comprise temperature sensors, pressure sensors, air flow rate sensors, other physical sensors, water/moisture sensors, chemical sensors, microbe sensors, or combinations thereof,
  • wherein one or more of the sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the one or more wall air pathways, and
  • wherein the one or more properties include a moisture concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a temperature in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a pressure in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, an air flow rate in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a sensed chemical concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a microbe concentration in the in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 70. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 69, wherein:
  • all of the control valves are active control valves, and
  • during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    • control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values,
    •  adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values.
  • Embodiment 71. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 56 through 70, further comprising:
  • a dispensing assembly disposed in one, some, or all of the one or more exterior wall assemblies and/or in one, some, or all of the one or more interior wall assemblies including:
    • a reservoir containing a treating composition;
    • a dispensing supply conduit having:
      • a dispensing assembly control value,
    • a dispensing head at its distal end,
  • wherein the dispensing assembly control value is configured to control an amount of treating solution or gas introduced into one, some, or all of the air outlet pathways.
  • Embodiment 72. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 71, wherein the treating composition comprises:
  • a mold control composition, a pesticide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a bactericide, a rodent poison, other control compositions, a gas, a fire retardant compositions, a foam, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 73. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 72, wherein the gas comprises: nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air, argon, a haloalkane, or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 74. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 72 through 73, wherein the haloalkane comprises:
  • iodomethane; bromomethane, bromochloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, tribromofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, hexafluoroethane, or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 75. A structure comprising:
  • a roof;
  • an attic or overhead space;
  • a ceiling;
  • a floor;
  • one or more exterior wall assemblies, each of the one or more exterior wall assemblies includes:
    • an exterior wall including:
      • an exterior wall outer member,
      • an exterior wall inner member,
        • one or more structural insulation forms or constructs and one or more exterior wall air pathways interposed between the exterior wall outer member and the exterior wall inner member,
      • each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
        •  one or more exterior wall air pathway inlets,
        •  one or more exterior wall air pathway outlets, outlet ports, outlet vents, or weep holes;
  • a plurality of interior walls;
  • one or more of exterior window assemblies, each of the one or more of exterior window assemblies includes:
    •  an exterior window including an outer window pane and an inner window pane, or an outer window pane, a middle window pane, and an inner window pane;
    •  one or more window air pathways interposed between pairs of the window panes,
    • each of the one or more window air pathways includes:
      •  one or more window air flow pathway inlets, and
      •  one or more window air flow pathway outlets,
  • a plurality of stories, each of the plurality of stories includes:
    • a ceiling including a dead space,
      • one or more interior spaces defined by one or more interior walls and the plurality of exterior walls, and
    • a floor;
  • a plurality of interior spaces defined by the exterior walls and the interior walls; and
  • one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems.
  • Embodiment 76. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 75, wherein each of the one or more interior wall assemblies includes:
  • an interior wall including:
    • an interior wall outer member,
    • an interior wall inner member,
      • one or more structural insulation forms or constructs or one or more structural insulation forms or constructs and one or more interior wall air pathways interposed between the interior wall outer member and the interior wall inner member,
    • each of the one or more exterior wall air pathways includes:
      •  one or more interior wall air pathway inlets,
      • one or more interior wall air pathway outlets.
  • Embodiment 77. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 76, wherein:
  • each of the exterior wall outer member includes:
    • an insulating layer;
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the exterior wall inner member includes:
    • an insulating layer,
      • a weather-resistant layer disposed on an outer surface of the insulating layer,
      • a sheathing,
      • a liquid barrier, or
      • any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall outer member includes:
    • a sheathing, a liquid barrier, or any combination thereof;
  • each of the interior wall inner member includes:
    • a sheet rock or plaster layer.
  • Embodiment 78. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 75 through 77, wherein each of the one or more heating and cooling apparatuses or systems comprises:
  • one or more heating, ventilating, dehumidifying, and air conditioning (HVDAC) assemblies or subsystems;
  • one or more outside air supply (OAS) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air mixing (AM) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space;
  • one or more air distribution (AD) assemblies or subsystems; and
  • one or more optional energy recovery ventilator (ERV) assemblies or subsystems disposed in the attic or the overhead space.
  • Embodiment 79. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 78, wherein each of the one or more HVDAC assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an internal HVDAC unit including:
    • an internal HVDAC inlet, and
    • an internal HVDAC outlet; and
  • an external HVDAC unit including:
    • an external HVDAC coolant inlet and
    • an external HVDAC outlet conduits.
  • Embodiment 80. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 78 through 79, wherein each of the one or more OAS assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an OAS inlet,
  • an OAS inlet conduit,
  • an OAS blower, fan or pump, and
  • an OAS outlet.
  • Embodiment 81. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 78 through 80, wherein each of the one or more AM assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight attic, or
  • an airtight or essentially airtight overhead space, and
  • attic or overhead airtight or essentially airtight entry ways.
  • Embodiment 82. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 78 through 81, wherein each of the one or more AD assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • air inlet conduits, each of the air inlet conduits:
    • one or more control valves; and
  • air outlet conduits, each of the air outlet conduits include:
    • one or more control valves.
  • Embodiment 83. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 78 through 82, wherein each of the one or more ERV assemblies or subsystems includes:
  • an ERV unit including:
    • an ERV interior space exhaust air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet,
    • an ERV outside air inlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet,
    • an ERV modified interior space exhaust air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air outlet conduit,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet,
    • an ERV modified outside air interior space outlet vent, and
    • an ERV modified outside interior space outlet control valve.
  • Embodiment 84. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 75 through 83, wherein the airtight or essentially airtight attic box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space box or container, the airtight or essentially airtight attic, or the airtight or essentially airtight overhead space includes:
  • a thermal barrier, insulation, and air barrier member adapted to render the attic box or container, the overhead space box or container, the attic, or the overhead space airtight or essentially airtight.
  • Embodiment 85. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 75 through 84, wherein the AD assembly or subsystem further includes:
  • one or more wall air pathway conduits including:
    • one or more wall air pathway conduit inlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof, and
  •  one or more wall air pathway conduit outlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof; and
  • one or more window air pathway conduits including:
    • one or more window air pathway conduit inlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof, and
  •  one or more window air pathway conduit outlets including:
    • one or more control valves, one or more blower, fan or pump, or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 86. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 75 through 85, further comprising:
  • an air flow control system including:
    • a processing unit; and
    • plurality of sensors;
  • wherein one, some, or all of the control valves are active control valves,
  • wherein the processing unit is in communication with the active control valves and the plurality of sensors, and
  • wherein the processing unit is configured to:
    • receive input from the sensors, and
    • control the HVDAC units, and
    • control the active control valves, and
  • during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    •  control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values,
    • adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values,
  • wherein the sensors comprise temperature sensors, pressure sensors, air flow rate sensors, other physical sensors, water/moisture sensors, chemical sensors, microbe sensors, or combinations thereof,
  • wherein one or more of the sensors are disposed in one, some, or all of the one or more wall air pathways, and
  • wherein the one or more properties include a moisture concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a temperature in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a pressure in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, an air flow rate in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a sensed chemical concentration in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, a microbe concentration in the in the one or more wall air pathways and/or the one or more window air pathways, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 87. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 75 through 86, wherein:
  • all of the control valves are active control valves, and
  • during a 24 hour period of time, the processing unit is further configured to:
    • control air flow rates into the one or more wall air pathways at desired values, adjust the air flow into the one or more wall air pathways to maintain the desired values.
  • Embodiment 88. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 75 through 87, wherein the one or more properties include moisture concentrations, temperatures, pressures, air flow rates, chemical concentrations, microbial concentrations or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 89. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 75 through 88, further comprising:
  • a dispensing assembly disposed in one, some, or all of the wall assemblies or in one, some, or all of the wall assemblies and one, some, or all of the interior wall assemblies, the dispensing assembly includes:
    • a reservoir containing a treating composition;
    • a dispensing supply conduit having:
      • a dispensing assembly control value,
    • a dispensing head at its distal end,
  • wherein the dispensing assembly control value is configured to control an amount of treating solution introduced into one, some, or all of the wall air pathways, into one, some, or all of the window air pathways, or any combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 90. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 89, wherein:
  • the treating composition comprising a mold control composition, a pesticide, an insecticide, a fungicide, a bactericide, a rodent poison, other control compositions, a gas, a fire retardant compositions, a foam, or mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 91. The apparatus or system of Embodiment 90, wherein:
  • the gas comprising nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air, argon, haloalkanes or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 92. The apparatus or system of Embodiments 89 through 91, wherein:
  • the haloalkanes comprising iodomethane; bromomethane, bromochloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, tribromofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, bromodifluoromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromotrifluoromethane, tetrafluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoroethane, hexafluoroethane, or mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 93. An apparatus or system and methods implementing them comprising the apparatus or system and methods implementing them disclosed in FIGS. 1A-13D and FIG. 15-28I.

CLOSING PARAGRAPH OF THE DISCLOSURE

All references cited herein are incorporated by reference. Although the disclosure has been disclosed with reference to its preferred embodiments, from reading this description those of skill in the art may appreciate changes and modification that may be made which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the disclosure as described above and claimed hereafter.