Systems & Methods for Modular Hurricane-Resistant Structures

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63/722,841, filed Nov. 20, 2024, entitled, “SYSTEMS & METHODS FOR MODULAR HURRICANE-RESISTANT STRUCTURES”, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is directed to durable construction methods for buildings and, more particularly, to a systems and methods for improving hurricane resistance in modular buildings. directed to durable construction methods for buildings and, more particularly, to a systems and methods for improving hurricane resistance in modular buildings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The field of modular construction has seen useful advancements, driven by growing demands for sustainable and resilient building practices in regions prone to natural disasters or extreme weather conditions. As a result, there is an increasing need for useful solutions that combine structural integrity with flexibility and adaptability under various environmental loads. The development of hurricane-resistant structures requires careful consideration of factors such as wind resistance, uplift forces, debris impact, and seismic activity, among others. In this context, the design and engineering of modular buildings may balance competing demands to ensure both occupant safety and long-term structural integrity in a rapidly changing environment.

Weather and climate driven disasters are estimated to have caused trillions of dollars in damages in the past few decades. The United States alone averages 18 weather and climate driven disasters causing damages exceeding a billion dollars each year. Much of this damage cost stems from the destruction of buildings caused by high wind loading, particularly those associated with hurricanes. With climate experts predicting the increases in hurricanes, both in terms of frequency and severity, estimated damages will continue to increase without preventative action to increase the capability of buildings to withstand these events.

What is needed is an improved system for designing buildings to better withstand hurricane-force wind loadings and improved methods for constructing buildings to meet those design criteria and do not suffer from the drawbacks of the prior art. Other features and advantages will be made apparent from the present specification. The teachings disclosed extend to those embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims, regardless of whether they accomplish one or more of the aforementioned needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an embodiment of the invention a system of designing and constructing a building with improved hurricane resistance is provided. Building designs meet structural engineering codes for structures subjected to high wind and seismic loads. Impact-resistant windows are selected to resist impacts by wind-driven objects. Building framing may be structural steel, selected for strength and durability. Exterior architectural details are selected to minimize adverse impacts of the building profile in the wind field. Unique structural design and member-to-member interfaces are provided to maximize structural capability of the building framing.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a hurricane-resistant modular structure that comprises: a base slab; a structural framing system comprising a plurality of columns supporting at least one beam; a wall system comprising one or more wall segments; a roof system; and a connection system arranged and disposed to provide engagement between the base slab, the structural framing system, the wall system, and the roof system. The structural framing system, the wall system, the roof system and the connection system provide targeted flexibility and targeted rigidity to the modular structure.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a wall bracket, such as a U or C-shaped bracket, that includes a connection to a portion of the wall segment with protrusions extending toward a column; these protrusions provide targeted flexibility and constraining relative motion between the wall segment and the column. The wall segment may include one side that is rigidly connected to other wall segments or to additional columns while another side includes the wall bracket.

In some embodiments, the hurricane-resistant modular structure comprises nogging members providing targeted rigidity to the wall segment under wind loads. In some embodiments, the nogging members comprise adjustable brackets or clips for securing finishes in a hurricane-resistant modular structure.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a roof system that includes cantilevered trusses comprising parallel flange channels in moveable engagement with one or more beams with providing flexibility in movement during high-wind events.

In some embodiments, the hurricane-resistant modular structure comprises corner truss arrangement including column connected at intersection of two wall segments and bracket for stability resistance up-lift forces during high wind event.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a roof system that further includes a truss-blocking ridge beam in a hurricane-resistant modular structure.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a hurricane-resistant modular structure that comprises a base slab, wherein the base slab includes a stepped structure corresponding to a first base level in the internal space and a second base level to provide a variation in column anchor elevations during high-wind events by distributing lateral load transfer between adjacent columns and ensuring anchorage against uplift forces.

In some embodiments, the hurricane-resistant modular structure according to this disclosure further comprises a stepped structure that creates a buffer zone against wind-driven debris impact on exterior walls by minimizing damage from flying objects through proper distribution of loads among multiple points along each wall segment during high-wind events.

The hurricane-resistant modular structure in accordance with one aspect, which includes a threshold provided for first-floor doors and windows configured to minimize the entry into the building through openings caused by wind-driven debris under extreme weather conditions.

In some embodiments, the hurricane-resistant modular structure according to this disclosure further comprises service penetration openings aligned through at least two of the beams, columns, and studs allowing proper routing without compromising its integrity during high-wind events or other severe environmental factors that may affect structural stability.

The hurricane-resistant modular structure in accordance with one aspect, wherein each column, beam, and stud are formed from hot-rolled steel to provide enhanced strength against wind loads under extreme weather conditions.

The hurricane-resistant modular structure in accordance with one aspect, wherein the modular structure is extreme weather resistant.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a system and method for constructing a modular, hurricane-resistant building that is durable in construction, easily assembled, economical to construct and operate, comfortable to inhabit, and offers features and amenities desirable to owners.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure includes a kit for assembling a hurricane-resistant modular structure. The kit includes a plurality of columns and beams to support the beams to form a structural framing system, one or more wall segments to assemble a wall system, components to assemble a roof system and components to assemble a connection system that is capable of providing engagement between a base slab, the structural framing system, the wall system and the roof system. The structural framing system, the wall system and the roof system, when assembled on a base slab, together, provide targeted flexibility and targeted rigidity to the modular structure to resist damage during high-wind events.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure includes a method for assembling a hurricane-resistant modular structure. The method includes connecting a plurality of columns to a base slab. The method includes connecting at least one beam to the columns to form a structural framing system. Assembling one or more wall segments to form a wall system. Components for a roof system and components to assemble a connection system are assembled into a roof system and a connection system that is capable of providing engagement between a base slab, the structural framing system, the wall system and the roof system. The structural framing system, the wall system and the roof system, when assembled on a base slab, together, provide targeted flexibility and targeted rigidity to the modular structure to resist damage during high-wind events.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The advantages of this invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed disclosure of the invention, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a hurricane resistant modular structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure with the outer cladding removed.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a structural framing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a wall segment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of wall segments in a wall system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of wall segments in a wall system and a portion of the roof system 103 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of stringer on a beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a portion of a wall system, including a beam of the structural framing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a portion of a wall system, including a beam of the structural framing system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 shows enlarged view of the intersection of wall segment, base slab and column according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 shows an enlarged view of the intersection of column and wall bracket according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of the intersection of beam and column extending upward to an additional floor level according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 shows perspective view of a wall segment at a ground floor top level according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 shows a wall anchor for anchoring a wall segment to a base slab according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 shows a wall anchor for anchoring a wall segment to a base slab according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a portion of a roof system 103 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of a portion of a roof system 103 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of a portion of the roof system of FIG. 16 shown from the opposite side.

FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of portion of a roof system within a multi-level structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of a portion of a roof system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of a portion of a roof system including a corner truss arrangement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of a modular structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of a base level of the modular structure shown in FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of a first level of the modular structure shown in FIG. 21.

Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to represent the same parts.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is directed toward methods for constructing structures that offer increased damage resistance when subjected to hurricanes, including hurricane-force winds, impact by wind-driven debris, and water. The disclosure also identified various systems and construction details incorporated into the construction method to improve structural capability of the resultant structures. The hurricane-resistant modular structure according to the present disclosure includes an extreme weather resistance, which includes the ability for these structures to withstand up to Saffir-Simpson Category 5 hurricanes (straight-line wind speeds>200 miles per hour) substantially structurally intact.

By “extreme weather resistance”, as utilized herein, with respect to the modular structure according to the present disclosure, it is meant that the building is capable of maintaining structural integrity and occupant safety under weather or environmental conditions including or equivalent to sustained wind speeds exceeding 200 miles per hour, including Saffir-Simpson Category 5 hurricane conditions. The extreme weather resistant structure incorporates a continuous load path from roof to foundation, utilize materials and connections capable of resisting uplift, lateral, and impact forces, and comply with applicable standards for extreme wind events, including ASCE 7-10 and ASCE-16 for wind load provisions. In addition, the hurricane-resistant structure includes aerodynamic considerations, impact-resistant openings, and anchorage to prevent progressive failure under combined wind and debris loads. ASCE 7-10 and ASCE-16 are requirements for structural loads for building. ASCE 7-16 is the American Society of Civil Engineers standard titled “Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures”, published in 2016. ASCE 7-10 is the 2010 edition of the American Society of Civil Engineers standard titled “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures.”

The present disclosure is also directed to methods and systems for constructing hurricane-resistant modular structures 100 that are economical to produce while meeting more stringent design standards. Structural framing is engineered to withstand anticipated loads while making efficient use of materials. Steel framing is a particularly suitable material for strength and longevity. A modular construction approach assures consistent construction technique, further improving damage resistance due to inconsistent construction implementation. Modular construction allows efficient assembly through consistent methods ensuring reliable conformance while maintaining structural integrity during high-wind events due to precision engineering involved in manufacturing pre-fabricated components. In yet another embodiment, exterior walls are formed from pre-assembled frames mechanically fixed to adjacent frames floors and roof/floor joists. This design contributes to overall structure stability under wind loads by distributing forces evenly across the entire wall surface. In other embodiments, hot-rolled steel members form a structural skeleton or structural framing system 200 (see for example FIG. 2) of building or module providing strength durability resistance against various load conditions.

The present disclosure is also directed to methods and systems for constructing modular hurricane-resistant structures that are energy efficient to operate. Energy efficiency considerations include location and orientation of the structure, windows and door openings, roof configuration, materials of construction, commodity conservation features, and green construction considerations.

A useful feature in designing and constructing buildings that may withstand severe weather conditions such as hurricanes involves incorporating targeted flexibility into certain areas while maintaining rigidity where useful to ensure structural integrity under high-wind events.

Hot-rolled steel materials may be utilized for added strength, durability and resistance against harsh weather conditions is another embodiment. Other embodiments of the present disclosure may include pre-assembled light gauge steel (LGS) frames mechanically fixed to adjacent frames, floors and roof/floor joists in a way that contributes structural integrity under high-wind events by distributing loads evenly across entire wall surfaces. In this design, cassette panels provide selective rigidity under wind loading conditions through multiple C- or U-shaped stud connections secured with brackets allowing flexibility while maintaining structure stability.

In terms of materials selection, hot-rolled steel is preferred due to its higher strength-to-weight ratio making it more suitable for load-bearing applications where structural integrity is useful. However, cold-formed steel may also be used in non-load bearing areas such as interior walls and partitions. In terms of exterior walls, pre-assembled LGS frames mechanically fixed to adjacent frames floors roof/floor joists contribute structural integrity under high-wind events by distributing loads evenly across entire wall surfaces. In this design hot-dip galvanized coatings may be used for added corrosion protection.

FIG. 1 shows a hurricane resistant modular structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the hurricane resistant modular structure 100 includes a base slab 101, a roof system 103 and a wall system 105.

FIG. 2 shows a structural framing system 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The structural framing system 200 includes a plurality of columns 203 attached to the base slab 101. The base slab 101 includes a stepped structure 205 corresponding to a first base level 207 in the internal space and a second base level 209 in an external space to provide a variation in column anchor 1101 elevations during high-wind events by distributing lateral load transfer between adjacent columns and ensuring anchorage against uplift forces. In some embodiments, the hurricane-resistant modular structure according to this disclosure further comprises a stepped structure 205 that creates a buffer zone against wind-driven debris impact on exterior walls by minimizing damage from flying objects through proper distribution of loads among multiple points along each wall segment during high-wind events. The columns 203 are attached to the base slab 101 by a base plate 211. Due to the stepped structure 205, columns 203 are attached to the base slab 101 at a different elevation at the first base level 207 than at the second base level 209. One embodiment includes the use of stepped base structure 205 with two levels: a first base level 207 for internal space and a second base level 209 accommodating varying column anchor elevations, creating a buffer zone around exterior walls that distributes lateral load transfer between adjacent columns 203. This design allows for some movement while maintaining connection to the structure through adjustable brackets or clips, enabling absorption of wind loads without compromising stability. In another embodiment, the base slab 101 includes an inclined surface to facilitate drainage of water or debris that may accumulate during high-wind events. The incline may be adjusted depending on local climate conditions and building orientation to optimize performance in various environments. Furthermore, a combination of both stepped design and inclined surfaces provides additional stability by creating multiple points of contact between the base slab 101 and surrounding soil. In yet another embodiment, the inclined surface is replaced by a curved design that follows the natural slope of surrounding terrain. This curvature may help reduce wind-induced loads on exterior walls while maintaining stability through placement of structural elements like columns 203 or beams 201. The curve may be adjusted depending on local topography to optimize performance in various environments.

In yet another embodiment, the base slab 101 may be reinforced with rebar or fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) for added strength against uplift forces. The reinforcement may be strategically placed to optimize structural integrity while minimizing material usage. Additionally, a layer of geotextile fabric may be integrated into the base slab 101's design to improve soil-structure interaction and enhance overall stability. In yet another embodiment, the base slab 101 may be modified by incorporating cantilevered sections that extend beyond the main body of the base slab 101. These extensions may provide additional support for exterior walls or serve as a foundation anchor point for structural elements like columns or beams. The cantilevers may be designed with adjustable brackets to accommodate varying soil conditions and ensure secure attachment. These various embodiments demonstrate how the base slab 101 facilitates providing structural integrity, flexibility, and adaptability to modular structures under extreme environmental conditions like hurricanes or high winds. By incorporating these design elements into building construction practices, architects and engineers may create more resilient buildings that withstand harsh weather events without compromising occupant safety or comfort.

FIG. 3 shows a wall segment 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. A wall segment 300 in accordance with this disclosure refers to any portion of an exterior or interior surface that forms part of a modular structure's overall envelope. In one embodiment, such as when used for load-bearing applications, the wall segments 300 may be formed from hot-rolled steel materials and comprise multiple U- or C-shaped studs connected by brackets at regular intervals along their length. These stud connections provide additional support to maintain structural integrity under wind loads or other external forces that may be applied during high-wind events. FIG. 3 shows wall studs 301 forming the frame of the wall segment 300 extending from a shoe bracket 305. Nogging segments 303 extend between wall studs 301 to provide targeted rigidity to the wall segment 300. The various wall studs 301 may be connected utilizing any suitable connection, including, but not limited to fasteners, such as screws, bolts, rivets or other fastener structures. In addition, nogging members 303 contribute to stabilizing wall segments 300 by providing horizontal bracing elements placed between vertical wall studs 301. This configuration provides targeted rigidity by reducing or eliminating buckling or twisting of individual wall studs 301 while maintaining structural integrity during high-wind events. A connection system between modules 300 ensure secure attachment during high-wind events through mechanical fixings that provide resistance uplift force while allowing some movement without compromising structure integrity. In another embodiment, when used for non-load-bearing applications such as interior partitions in buildings, the wall segments 300 are formed from cold-formed steel materials and comprise a series of C- or U-shaped studs connected by clips at regular intervals along their length. These stud connections provide additional support to maintain structural integrity under wind loads or other external forces that may be applied during high-wind events.

FIG. 4 shows wall segments 300 in a wall system 105 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure including additional elements for providing targeted rigidity to the wall segment 300. In terms of wall segments 300 used in modular structures 100 include cassette panels 403 providing selective rigidity under wind loading conditions. In addition, cross-brace straps 401 adding stiffness against lateral forces boarding support studs 1801 installed diagonally along individual walls for added stability. These may be customized to suit different applications or environments by adjusting design parameters such as material selection stud spacing and bracket configuration. Furthermore, cross-brace straps 401 may add stiffness against lateral forces between adjacent columns 203 and beams 201 at base slab 101 level through intermittent or continuous connections. Another embodiment involves the use of connection elements such as base plates 211 connecting columns 203 from structural framing systems 200 to base slab 101.

The wall system 105 of this modular structure 100 is configured to provide targeted flexibility and rigidity under various loading conditions while maintaining structural integrity during high-wind events. The wall segments 300 may be formed by pre-assembled frames mechanically fixed to adjacent frames, floors, and roof/floor joists through fasteners, such as screws, bolts or adjustable clips/brackets that allow for some movement without compromising connection.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the wall system 105 includes connection system elements, such as cassette panels 403 providing selective rigidity under wind loads; cross-brace straps 401 adding stiffness against lateral forces by connecting columns 401 at a 90-degree or near 90-degree angle to beams 201; boarding support studs 1801 (see for example, FIG. 18) installed diagonally along individual walls for added stability. These components may be customized through adjustments in material selection, stud spacing, and bracket configuration. In addition, the connection system may include nogging members 303 providing horizontal bracing elements between vertical wall studs 301 that may reduce or eliminate twisting or buckling while maintaining proper spacing for insulation or fire-stopping purposes. In certain embodiments, the use of hot-rolled steel materials offers higher strength-to-weight ratios compared to cold-formed steel in load-bearing application. In another embodiment, the wall system 105 includes shoe brackets 305 anchoring vertical wall studs 301 against uplift forces by securing them directly onto base slabs 101 utilizing any suitable fastener. This design feature provides additional support for walls while maintaining structural integrity during high-wind events.

FIG. 5 shows wall segments 300 in a wall system 105 and a portion of the roof system 103 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, nogging members 303 used between vertical studs provide additional support or stability under wind loading conditions by preventing twisting or buckling while maintaining spacing for insulation or fire-stopping purposes. In another embodiment, the wall segments 300 may include threshold components at doors and windows minimizing wind-driven debris entry into the building through a combination of design features such as cassette panels 403 providing additional support. These thresholds may be customized to suit different applications by adjusting parameters like material selection, stud spacing, and bracket configuration.

FIG. 6 shows stringer 601 on a beam 201 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the fasteners 603 are countersunk to provide flush surfaces. The fasteners may be any suitable fasteners 603, including, but not limited to screws, bolts, rivets or other fastener structures.

FIG. 7 shows a portion of a wall system 105, including a beam 201 of the structural framing system 200 having service penetration openings 701 passing through the shoe bracket 305, the beam 201 and nogging member 303. These embodiments demonstrate the usefulness in designing and constructing buildings that may withstand severe weather conditions such as hurricanes through targeted flexibility, rigidity where necessary, materials selection connection systems between modules service penetration openings 701 strategically aligned throughout beams 201 columns studs etc. Service penetration openings 701 are strategically placed to ensure proper routing for useful services like plumbing electrical wiring etc. In yet another embodiment, service penetration openings 701 are strategically aligned throughout beams 201, columns, studs etc., by incorporating pre-punched service opening patterns on steel sections. This ensures proper routing for useful services like plumbing, electrical wiring without weakening the structure or compromising its stability during extreme conditions.

FIG. 8 shows a portion of a wall system 105, including a beam 201 of the structural framing system 200 having beam connectors 801 to connect the non-load bearing wall segments 300. Beam connectors 801 ensure secure attachment during high-wind events. These beam connectors 801 may include, for example, any suitable mechanical fixings (e.g., brackets, tabs, bolts or clips) that provide resistance to uplift forces. The connectors 801 may connect the shoe bracket 305 to the wall segment 300, as shown in FIG. 8, providing for relative movement between the wall segment 300 and the shoe bracket 305, providing targeted flexibility.

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of the intersection of wall segment 300, base slab 101 and column 203. Various elements of the wall segment 300 are visible in FIG. 9, including nogging member 303 connecting wall studs 301 and cross brace strap 401 connecting to shoe bracket 305 and extending diagonally along the outside of wall segment 300 to provide rigidity and strength to the wall segment. Also visible in FIG. 9 is base plate 211 extending from column 203. As shown in FIG. 9, the base plate 211 includes a small and/or reduced gap in the wall notch at base plate location to avoid sheathing fixing issues. In addition, FIG. 9 shows a wall bracket 901 affixed to the wall segment 300. The wall bracket 901 may include, for example, a U or C-shaped bracket including a connection, such as by a fastener, to a portion of wall segment 200 with protrusions of the wall bracket 901 extending toward column 203. The protrusions of wall bracket 901 provide targeted flexibility and constraining relative motion between the wall segment 300 and the column 203. Wall segment 300 may include one side that is rigidly connected to other wall segments 300 or to additional columns 203 while another side includes the supporting bracket 901. Wall brackets 901 attach individual wall segments 300 to beams 201 with secured fasteners through bracketed openings formed by the protrusions, providing targeted flexibility under wind loads while constraining relative motion between wall segments 300 and columns 203. As shown in in FIG. 4 and FIG. 9, cassette panels 403 may be used in certain areas of walls for selective rigidity under wind loading conditions by connecting multiple C- or U-shaped stud segments together using wall brackets 901 that allow some movement and targeted flexibility. This design enables the system to absorb forces without compromising structural integrity during high-wind events.

FIG. 10 shows an enlarged view of the intersection of column 203 and wall bracket 901 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of the intersection of beam 201 and column 203 extending upward to an additional floor level according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, an anchor 1101 is fastened to the shoe bracket 305 to constrain relative motion between the wall stud 301 and the shoe bracket 305.

FIG. 12 shows a wall segment 300 at a ground floor top level according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The arrangement of wall segment 300 as shown in FIG. 12 provides a splice connection to the structure framing system 200 (i.e., column 203 and beam 201) that is not readily visible upon completion of construction and application of outer cladding.

FIG. 13 shows a wall anchor 1101 for anchoring a wall segment to a base slab according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 shows a wall anchor 1101 for anchoring a wall segment to a base slab according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 shows a portion of a roof system 103 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 16 shows a portion of a roof system 103 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 17 shows a portion of the roof system 103 of FIG. 16 shown from the opposite side. The roof system 103 of this modular structure 100 is configured to provide a robust and reliable solution for withstanding high-wind events while maintaining structural integrity. In one embodiment, cantilevered trusses 501 are used in conjunction with parallel flange channels 1501 that allow flexibility in movement during wind loads without compromising connection at the top chord level. This enables absorption of forces by allowing some deflection under load conditions. As shown in FIGS. 15-17, the roof system 103 may include cantilevered trusses 501 include parallel flange channels 1501 that allow flexibility in movement during high-wind events without compromising connection at the top chord level provide additional structural support under wind loading conditions. Cantilevered trusses 501 in roof systems 103 provide additional structural support through parallel flange channels 1501 that allow flexibility in movement while maintaining connection with corresponding truss elements 501. The parallel flange channel 1501 may be formed by a combination of truss brackets 1503 arranged along different planes to for the flange channel 1501 allowing constrained relative motion between the beam 201 and the truss 501. In another embodiment, a unique design feature is incorporated into the roof system 103 where beams 201 extend up above the truss 501 to block ridge, providing additional structural support and stability against uplift forces generated by strong winds

FIG. 18 shows a portion of a roof system 103 within a multi-level structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, this embodiment includes a roof section 101 at the same level as wall segments 300. In addition, certain wall segments 300 are include a boarding support stud 1801 to provide targeted rigidity to the corresponding wall segments 300.

FIG. 19 shows a portion of a roof system 103 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, truss-blocking studs 1901 are arranged perpendicular to trusses 501 to provide additional protection and stability for the roof system 103.

FIG. 20 shows a portion of a roof system 103 including a corner truss arrangement 2001 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Corner truss arrangements 2001 are arranged at intersections between wall segments 300 to connect columns 203 securely while also resisting wind-driven debris impact through their sturdy construction. In a more specific embodiment of this design feature, cassette panels 403 with multiple C- or U-shaped corner studs 2003 provide selective rigidity under wind loads in certain areas where additional support is necessary. These corner studs 2003 may be adjusted for spacing and alignment as needed during assembly to ensure proper fitment without compromising structural integrity.

The connection system of this disclosure provides secure attachment between modular structure components while allowing for targeted flexibility under wind loads without compromising structural integrity during high-wind events. In one embodiment, base plates 211 connect columns 203 from the structural framing system 200 to the base slab 101; beam connectors 801 attach individual wall segments 300 to beams 201, for example, with fasteners providing targeted flexibility under wind loads while constraining relative motion between wall segments 300 and columns 203 and beams 201. In another embodiment, shoe brackets 305 anchor vertical wall studs 301 against uplift forces by securing them directly onto the base slab 101 using fasteners, clips or bolts that allow some movement during high-wind events without compromising structural integrity.

FIG. 21 shows a modular structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 22 shows a base level of the modular structure shown in FIG. 21. FIG. 23 shows a first level of the modular structure shown in FIG. 21. The modular structure 100 shown in FIGS. 21-23 include various cladding components and an alternate roof system 103 illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. The cladding structures may be known construction components that are suitable, for example, for regions prone to hurricane force wind events. Likewise, the configuration of the modular structure 100 is not particularly limited and may include a single level, multiple levels and/or any suitable arrangement of roofing, parapet or balcony structures.

In a particularly useful embodiment, connection systems are designed with wall brackets 901 having protrusions extending towards columns 203 for targeted flexibility and constraining relative motion between the wall segment and column during wind loads. In another embodiment, cassette panels 403 providing selective rigidity under wind loads through multiple C- or U-shaped stud connections secured by brackets or fasteners to maintaining structural integrity. In a particularly useful aspect of this disclosure connection systems are designed with specific section properties according to BS EN 1993-1-3:2006 standards for hot rolled steel sections providing additional support and structural integrity during high-wind events.

Targeted flexibility in modular structures refers to the ability of specific components or elements within these systems to absorb and distribute wind loads without compromising structural integrity under high-wind events. Targeted flexibility is achieved for example through connections that permit the relative motion between components, such as the parallel flange channel 1501 and/or the wall bracket 901, beam connectors 801, which are attached in a manner that allows the relative motion of various components. In another example, cantilevered trusses with parallel flange channels 1501 that allow movement during high-wind events without compromising connection to corresponding elements at the top chord level. This enables them to absorb wind loads while maintaining structural integrity under extreme conditions.

Targeted rigidity in modular structures refers to the ability of specific components or elements within these systems to maintain their structural integrity and stability under various loading conditions while allowing for flexibility elsewhere. This concept may be achieved through several embodiments, including but not limited to: (1) cassette panels 403 with multiple C- or U-shaped stud connections that provide additional support without compromising overall structure rigidity; (2) cross-brace straps 401 connecting adjacent columns 203, which add stiffness against lateral forces while maintaining structural stability under wind loading conditions. In another embodiment, boarding support studs 1801 may be installed diagonally along individual wall segments 300 for added stability and targeted flexibility in certain areas of these structures. In another embodiment, nogging members 303 may be used in wall segments 300 as horizontal bracing elements between vertical studs, preventing twisting or buckling and providing useful support for finishes and fixtures. In another example of targeted rigidity, the stepped base slab 101 design with two levels (a first level for internal space and a second level to accommodate varying column anchor elevations) creates a buffer zone around exterior walls that distributes lateral load transfer between adjacent columns 203. This allows these structures to maintain stability under wind loading conditions without compromising overall structure integrity.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure includes a kit for assembling a hurricane-resistant modular structure 100. The kit includes a plurality of columns 203 and beams 201 to support the beams 201 to form a structural framing system 200, one or more wall segments 300 to assemble a wall system 105, components to assemble a roof system 103 and components to assemble a connection system that is capable of providing engagement between a base slab 101, the structural framing system 200, the wall system 105 and the roof system 103. The structural framing system 200, the wall system 105 and the roof system 103, when assembled on a base slab 101, together, provide targeted flexibility and targeted rigidity to the modular structure 100 to resist damage during high-wind events.

The kit for assembling a hurricane-resistant modular structure 100 is configured to provide users with a comprehensive and useful solution for constructing structures that may withstand high-wind events. The kit includes multiple components such as columns 203, beams 201, wall segments 300, roof components, and connection systems made from, for example, hot rolled steel or light gauge steel materials. These pre-fabricated parts are specifically engineered to work together seamlessly in order to provide targeted flexibility and rigidity within the modular structure 100.

A suitable kit comes with a suitable number of pre-fabricated wall segments 300 per module, which may be adjusted according to size and design requirements by ordering additional components separately if needed. The customization option for beams 201 is also available, allowing users to adjust their length, width or thickness as required for specific building designs. This flexibility enables the user to tailor the kit's configuration to suit various applications.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure includes a method for assembling a hurricane-resistant modular structure 100. The method includes connecting a plurality of columns 203 to a base slab 101. The method includes connecting at least one beam to the columns 203 to form a structural framing system 200. Assembling one or more wall segments 300 to form a wall system 105. Components for a roof system 103 and components to assemble a connection system are assembled into a roof system 103 and a connection system that is capable of providing engagement between a base slab 101, the structural framing system 200, the wall system 105 and the roof system 103. The structural framing system 200, the wall system 105 and the roof system 103, when assembled on a base slab 101, together, provide targeted flexibility and targeted rigidity to the modular structure 100 to resist damage during high-wind events.

The assembly process involves connecting columns 203 first on a base slab 101 using anchor bolts and then attaching beams 201 between them with suitable fasteners such as bolts, screws or rivets. Next, wall segments 300 are assembled followed by roof components secured through connection systems. The sequence of events is configured to ensure that the structural framing system 200 interacts effectively with other building elements during high-wind conditions.

The kit's design provides a stable platform for various structures and may be used in conjunction with different types of buildings or modules as needed, making it an adaptable solution for diverse applications.

The method for assembling a hurricane-resistant modular structure 100 involves several useful steps to ensure effective construction and durability of the final product. First, columns 203 are connected to a base slab 101 using anchor bolts, providing a stable foundation for further assembly. Next, beams 201 between these columns 203 are attached with suitable fasteners such as bolts, screws or rivets, forming a structural framing system 200 that provides targeted flexibility and rigidity against high-wind events.

Following the establishment of this structural framework, wall segments 300 may be assembled to form a cohesive wall system 105 using pre-fabricated components from the standard kit. Additional wall segments 300 may need to be ordered separately for larger structures or custom designs. Once the walls are in place, roof components are secured through connection systems that engage with other building elements.

Throughout these assembly steps, it is useful to consider customization options available for beams 201 and columns 203 based on specific design requirements of each module. This flexibility allows customers to tailor their hurricane-resistant modular structure 100 according to unique needs or preferences without compromising the overall integrity of the final product.

In terms of material composition and construction, hot rolled steel or light gauge steel are preferred materials used in building these components due to its strength-to-weight ratio and resistance against corrosion. The use of such durable yet lightweight materials enables efficient transportation and assembly while maintaining structural stability during high-wind events.

During installation, the connection system plays a useful role by providing engagement between various elements including base slab 101, structural framing system 200, wall system 105, and roof system 103. This seamless integration ensures that each component works in harmony to resist damage caused by strong winds.

While the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures and described herein are presently preferred, it should be understood that these embodiments are offered by way of example only. Accordingly, the present application is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims. The order or sequence of any processes or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments.

It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited in the claims. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present application. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application.