METHODS, DEVICES, AND STORAGE MEDIUM FOR SYNCHRONOUS TREATMENT OF WATER HAZARD AND SUBSIDENCE

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411927551.2, filed on Dec. 25, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular, to a method, device, and storage medium for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence.

BACKGROUND

With an increasing intensity of coal resource mining, for some thick coal seams and shallow buried coal seams, formed water-conducting fracture zones may be made to develop directly to a top of a bedrock aquifer in a mining process, and in some mining regions where a key water-isolating soil layer is absent between the bedrock aquifer and a quaternary aquifer, a water-rich quaternary aquifer with ecological water supply significance at a shallow surface directly recharges mine water through the water-conducting fracture zones, which brings a serious threat of water hazards and ecological damage at the shallow surface. At the same time, when such damage propagates to the ground surface, it may produce serious deformation such as ground cracks, ground subsidence, or the like, and then cause irreversible ecological damage such as land destruction, soil erosion, and vegetation decay, or the like.

Therefore, it is desired to provide a method, device, and storage medium for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, so as to carry out real-time, synchronized, and low-cost synergistic treatment of surface subsidence and roof water hazard caused by mining.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, comprising: exploring rock strata between a coal seam and a ground surface to determine basic data of the rock strata, wherein the rock strata include a key stratum; in response to determining that the basic data meets a preset condition, setting a plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface based on a drilling position, wherein bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes are located on a side of the key stratum in the rock strata away from the ground surface; in response to determining that the coal seam is mined, performing water injection pressure monitoring on at least one monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes within a preset range at intervals of a preset time, wherein the preset range is determined according to a mining position of the coal seam; and in response to determining that a pressure change of the water injection pressure monitoring performed on any monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes meets a first requirement, performing grouting on the any monitoring hole until a grouting pressure of the any monitoring hole reaches a second requirement.

In some embodiments, the rock strata further include a quaternary aquifer and a weathered bedrock aquifer; and determining whether the basic data meets the preset condition, including: determining whether the rock strata form a water-conducting fracture zone due to mining; and in response to determining that the water-conducting fracture zone exists, determining whether the water-conducting fracture zone extends into the weathered bedrock aquifer, and whether the quaternary aquifer is capable of performing cross-flow recharge to the weathered bedrock aquifer to determine whether the basic data of the rock strata meets the preset condition.

In some embodiments, the performing grouting on the any monitoring hole includes: performing the grouting with a grouting pressure less than a water-blocking pressure from a grouting position to the mining position and greater than a vertical pressure from the grouting position to the ground surface.

In some embodiments, the rock strata further include a quaternary aquifer and a weathered bedrock aquifer; and after the grouting pressure of the any monitoring hole reaches the second requirement, the method further comprises: adjusting a grouting position of the any monitoring hole, and performing secondary grouting at an interface between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer.

In some embodiments, the rock strata further include a clayey aquitard, and the clayey aquitard is located between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer; and the adjusting a grouting position of the any monitoring hole includes: adjusting the grouting position to the clayey aquitard.

In some embodiments, the performing secondary grouting at an interface between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer includes: performing the secondary grouting with a grouting pressure less than a vertical pressure from the grouting position to the ground surface and greater than a horizontal pressure and a fracture initiation pressure at the grouting position.

In some embodiments, setting the plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface includes: setting at least one branch hole with a preset length along a ground surface extension direction at the bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes.

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, comprising: a first module, configured to explore rock strata between a coal seam and a ground surface to determine basic data of the rock strata, wherein the rock strata include a key stratum; a second module, configured to, in response to determining that the basic data meets a preset condition, set a plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface based on a drilling position, wherein bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes are located on a side of the key stratum in the rock strata away from the ground surface; a third module, configured to, in response to determining that the coal seam is mined, perform water injection pressure monitoring on at least one monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes within a preset range at intervals of a preset time, wherein the preset range is determined according to a mining position of the coal seam; and a fourth module, configured to, in response to determining that a pressure change of the water injection pressure monitoring performed on any monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes meets a first requirement, perform grouting on the any monitoring hole until a grouting pressure of the any monitoring hole reaches a second requirement.

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence as described in any one embodiment of the present disclosure.

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are configured to cause a computer to implement the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence as described in any one embodiment of the present disclosure.

The embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, the following beneficial effects.

The embodiments of the present disclosure realize the synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, by monitoring the pressure changes at the monitoring holes on the surface in real-time during a mining process (for example, when a hole orifice pressure drops rapidly, an occurrence of uneven subsidence is indicated), promptly switching to grouting operation, a subsidence space beneath the key stratum is filled and a development of the water-conducting fracture zone is suppressed, thereby significantly reducing surface subsidence and groundwater loss. Meanwhile, by providing the monitoring holes on the surface and performing the grouting, the method can significantly reduce a construction difficulty and a treatment cost, and an interference of underground filling on a mining efficiency can be avoided. A horizontal water-blocking layer is formed through two grouting processes (a primary grouting below the key stratum and the secondary grouting at an interface of the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer), a recharge path of a shallow groundwater to a mine can be completely cut off, thereby preventing soil erosion and land destruction. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure can ensure a safe and efficient mining of coal mines while actively protecting the ecological environment and reducing irreversible ecological damage.

The embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented by first exploring the rock strata between the coal seam and the ground surface to determine whether there is a need for preventing and controlling water hazard based on corresponding data. When it is determined that a condition is met, a plurality of monitoring holes extending below the key stratum are set on the ground surface, and during mining of the coal seam, the water injection pressure monitoring is continually carried out on the monitoring holes within a certain range of the mining position to determine the hole orifice pressure. When the hole orifice pressure changes to a certain extent, which means that the uneven subsidence has occurred, and at the same time, the subsidence is likely to lead to seepage and water hazard in a rich aquifer of the ground surface, and at this time, stopping water injection and then switching to perform grouting, and continuous performing pressure monitoring until the pressure is restored, so as to monitor the surface subsidence and water hazard caused by coal seam mining while mining, achieving simultaneous mining and treatment. When the uneven subsidence occurs, the surface subsidence and groundwater leakage can be greatly reduced by timely grouting, and because of drilling and monitoring on the surface, a construction difficulty and treatment cost can be reduced, and an impact on the mining efficiency is small.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will be further illustrated by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail by means of the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, the same numbering indicates the same structure, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary process of a method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary process of grouting using monitoring holes according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of an exemplary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the accompanying drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly described below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is possible for a person of ordinary skill in the art to apply the present disclosure to other similar scenarios in accordance with these drawings without creative labor. Unless obviously obtained from the context or the context illustrates otherwise, the same numeral in the drawings refers to the same structure or operation.

It should be understood that the terms “system,” “device,” “unit” and/or “module” used herein are a way to distinguish between different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, the terms may be replaced by other expressions if other words accomplish the same purpose.

It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure should have ordinary meanings as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. The use of the terms “first”, “second”, or the like in the embodiments of the present disclosure does not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but is used only to distinguish between different components. The terms “including”, “comprising”, or the like mean that the components, objects, or methods that precede the word encompass the components, objects, or method steps listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other components, objects, or method steps. The words “connected”, or the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, or the like are only used to represent a relative positional relationship, and when an absolute position of the object being described is changed, then the relative positional relationship may change accordingly.

Flowcharts are used in the present disclosure to illustrate the operations performed by a system according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and the related descriptions are provided to aid in a better understanding of the method and/or system. It should be appreciated that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in an exact sequence. Instead, steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Also, it is possible to add other operations to these processes or to remove a step or steps from these processes.

Suppressions of a development height of a water-conducting fracture zone and ground surface subsidence that may be treated immediately after mining may be effectively achieved by underground filling mining, but an underground filling mining process is complex, and mining and filling affect each other, which seriously reduces a recovery efficiency of a working face. Additionally, for roof grouting to reduce subsidence and treatment of water hazard, if a roof is pre-grouted before mining coal seams, a coal seam mining process may once again produce disturbing damages on a grouted body, affecting a grouting effect; if the roof grouting is carried out when the subsidence of a coal seam roof is stabilized, it takes about 40-60 days to stabilize the subsidence of the coal seam roof, which on one hand may cause a large amount of water resource leakage of the roof and the ground surface subsidence, affecting a local ecological environment, and on the other hand may bring challenges to safe mining of coal mine and water hazard prevention and control. Therefore, how to realize a synergistic treatment of the water hazard prevention and control of the coal seam roof and ground surface subsidence reduction and simultaneous mining and treatment at the first time in the coal seam mining process to minimize an impact of coal seam mining on ecological environment, under a premise of guaranteeing not affecting a production efficiency of coal mines, is a problem that needs to be solved in a process of realizing safe mining and green mining in the coal mines.

In conjunction with the above, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, by first exploring rock strata between a coal seam and a ground surface to determine whether there is a need for water hazard prevention and control based on corresponding data. When it is determined that a condition is met, a plurality of monitoring holes extending below a key stratum are set on the ground surface, and during the coal seam mining process, a water injection pressure monitoring is continuously carried out on the monitoring holes within a certain range of a mining position to determine a hole orifice pressure. When the hole orifice pressure changes to a certain extent, which means that uneven subsidence has occurred, and at the same time, the subsidence is likely to lead to seepage and water hazard in a rich aquifer of the ground surface, and at this time, stopping water injection and then switching to perform grouting, and continuous performing pressure monitoring until the pressure is restored, so as to monitor the ground surface subsidence and water hazard caused by coal seam mining while mining, achieving simultaneous mining and treatment. When the uneven subsidence occurs, the ground surface subsidence and groundwater leakage can be greatly reduced by timely grouting, and because of drilling and monitoring on the ground surface, a construction difficulty and treatment cost can be reduced, and an impact on the mining efficiency is small.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary process of a method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method may be executed by a processor.

The processor may process data and/or information obtained from other devices or system components. The processor may execute program instructions based on such data, information, and/or processing results to perform one or more of the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the processor may include one or more sub-processing devices (e.g., a single-core processing device or a multi-core processing device). Merely by way of example, the processor may include a central processing unit (CPU), a controller, a microprocessor, or the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the processor may include a plurality of modules, and different modules may be used to execute separate program instructions.

In some embodiments, the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence provided by embodiments of the present disclosure includes: exploring rock strata between a coal seam and a ground surface to determine basic data of the rock strata, wherein the rock strata include a key stratum; in response to determining that the basic data meets a preset condition, setting a plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface based on a drilling position, wherein bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes are located on a side of the key stratum in the rock strata away from the ground surface; in response to determining that the coal seam is mined, performing water injection pressure monitoring on at least one monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes within a preset range at intervals of a preset time, wherein the preset range is determined according to a mining position of the coal seam; and in response to determining that a pressure change of the water injection pressure monitoring performed on any monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes meets a first requirement, performing grouting on the any monitoring hole until a grouting pressure of the any monitoring hole reaches a second requirement.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 1, process 100 includes operation 102 to operation 108

In 102, the rock strata between the coal seam and the ground surface may be explored to determine the basic data of the rock strata. The rock strata include the key stratum.

The basic data refers to geologically relevant data of the rock strata. The rock strata between the coal seam and the ground surface may include various geologic strata, such as a quaternary aquifer, a weathered bedrock aquifer, the key stratum, a bedrock aquifer, or the like. By carrying out geologic exploration on the rock strata, the basic data of these rock strata may be determined, such as which rock strata are specifically included between the coal seam and the ground surface, depths, shapes, water contents, and hardnesses of different rock strata at various positions.

In some embodiments, the rock strata also include the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer.

The quaternary aquifer refers to an aquifer in Quaternary sedimentary strata, which are equivalent to shallow groundwater with high water yield capacity.

The weathered bedrock aquifer refers to a rock stratum that has undergone long-term weathering processes, developing fractures and pores to a certain extent, thereby enabling groundwater storage and transmission.

The key stratum refers to the rock strata that control all rock strata activities of overlying rock strata above the mining face, either locally or extending to the surface. In some embodiments, the key stratum may include a primary key stratum and a sub-key stratum. The primary key stratum refers to a key stratum that is decisive for an overall stability of the rock strata. A sub-key stratum refers to a key stratum that has some influence on local stability. The processor may differentiate whether the key stratum is a primary key stratum or a sub-key stratum by calculating mechanical parameters of the key stratum to determine whether a load on the key stratum and a breakage distance exceed a key threshold. The breakage distance refers to an ultimate span at which a key stratum breaks under a mine pressure. The key threshold may be determined based on actual conditions of the stratum.

In some embodiments, the exploration of the rock strata in a mining zone may include exploration and calculation of the quaternary aquifer, the weathered bedrock aquifer, and the bedrock aquifer located below a ground surface layer and above the coal seam, as well as a position of a water-conducting fracture zone, a thickness, a groundwater distribution situation, and a position of the primary key stratum, and an exploration calculation result obtained may be used as the basic data. For example, the exploration may be carried out by a surface three-dimensional seismic survey, a surface/downhole electric manner, an electromagnetic manner, geological drilling, and geophysical logging.

In 104, in response to determining that the basic data meets the preset condition, the plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface are set based on the drilling position. The bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes are located on the side of the key stratum in the rock strata away from the ground surface.

The drilling position refers to a position where drilling work is performed. In some embodiments, the drilling position may be determined based on a manual preset.

The monitoring hole refers to a hole used to monitor a condition of the rock strata. In some embodiments, the monitoring holes may be obtained by drilling.

The preset condition refers to a condition preset for judging whether the basic data is suitable for the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence described in the embodiment of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, after determining the basic data of the rock strata, it is necessary to determine whether the environment in which the current coal seam is being mined is suitable for implementing the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence described in the present disclosure, i.e., whether or not the preset condition is met.

In some embodiments, the preset condition may be determined based on a manual preset.

In some embodiments, after performing the exploration and calculation on the rock strata in the mining zone, the processor may determine, based on the exploration calculation result (i.e., the basic data), whether the water-conducting fracture zone is developed within the weathered bedrock aquifer, and whether there is a cross-flow recharge of the quaternary aquifer to the weathered bedrock aquifer, to determine whether a current rock strata environment is suitable for implementing the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence of the present disclosure.

The mining zone, from top to bottom, consists of the ground surface layer, the quaternary aquifer, the weathered bedrock aquifer, the bedrock aquifer, and the coal seam and a goaf zone underneath the bedrock aquifer. During a mining process, as an area of the goaf zone continues to expand, the rock strata above the coal seams collapse according to a certain sequence of collapse steps. According to a failure form of overlying rock, a failure zone is generally divided into three zones, i.e., a caving zone, a fracture zone, and a bending subsidence zone, in which the caving zone and the fracture zone are collectively known as the water-conducting fracture zone. Due to high-intensity mining of the coal, a development height of the water-conducting fracture zone is increased, resulting in a development of the water-conducting fracture zone to the weathered bedrock aquifer, and then causing the quaternary aquifer to link up with the weathered bedrock aquifer and the water-conducting fracture zone, which causes the groundwater to pour into the goaf zone, resulting in a sharp increase in an amount of water gushing in the mine, and at the same time, for an ecologically fragile region, environmental problems such as groundwater loss, land desertification, or the like, may be easily caused. Due to the high-intensity mining, the ground surface layer is subsided and deformed.

The weathered bedrock aquifer is generally located underneath the quaternary aquifer. The cross-flow recharge refers to that an aquifer is recharged through a cross-flow action of adjacent aquifers. When there is a large hydraulic head difference between aquifers, a phenomenon in which water in an aquifer with a high hydraulic head is discharged through a weakly permeable layer to an aquifer with a low hydraulic head is called the cross-flow action. A hydraulic head difference between the aquifers refers to a difference between hydraulic heads of two different aquifers. The hydraulic head refers to a parameter used to characterize an energy state of the groundwater, and is usually expressed in a term of a water column per unit height.

The water-conducting fracture zone refers to a channel with strong water-conducting capacity formed due to the fracture zone in the rock strata. The water-conducting fracture zone is able to conduct the groundwater effectively and becomes a main path for groundwater flow.

In some embodiments, determining whether the basic data meets the preset condition includes: determining whether the rock strata form the water-conducting fracture zone due to mining; and in response to determining that the water-conducting fracture zone exists, determining whether the water-conducting fracture zone extends into the weathered bedrock aquifer, and whether the quaternary aquifer is capable of performing cross-flow recharge to the weathered bedrock aquifer to determine whether the basic data of the rock strata meets the preset condition.

In some embodiments, after determining that the above preset condition is satisfied, the processor may, based on the drilling position of the coal seam mining, control a drilling machine to set the plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface within a preset drilling range, and to make bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes extend until below the key stratum, i.e., the side of the key stratum away from the ground surface. A cross-sectional dimension of the monitoring hole may be specific to a particular scenario. The processor may support and waterproof the key stratum by performing operations such as grouting underneath the key stratum through the monitoring holes when the monitoring hole detects a problem.

The preset drilling range refers to a preset range for setting monitoring holes. In some embodiments, the preset drilling range may be determined based on a manual preset.

In some embodiments, the preset drilling range may be a circular region centered on the drilling position, and a radius of the preset drilling range may be 1 m to 50 m.

In some embodiments, the preset drilling range may be determined based on a current drill bit position and a diffusion radius of grout for possible subsequent grouting.

For example, the current drill bit position generally starts with the drilling position and mines the coal seam in a certain direction, and the diffusion radius of the grout is later determined with the current drill bit position as the center, and eventually a strip region is formed with a diffusion diameter of the grout as a width of strip region on the ground surface, and the processor may control the drilling machine to set the plurality of monitoring holes on the strip region. That is, prior to mining the coal seam, the processor may control the drilling machine to uniformly arrange the plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface of a working face according to the diffusion radius of the grout, and terminal stratum of the plurality of monitoring holes is lower rock strata of the key stratum. In some embodiments, the monitoring holes may be deeper below a primary key stratum or deeper below the sub-key stratum, and the monitoring holes may be deeper below the primary key stratum in order to enhance monitoring effect. The working face refers to a surface on which the mining of the coal seam is implemented.

In some embodiments, the preset drilling range may also be determined in conjunction with an overrun influence range of mining advance. The overrun influence range refers to a range of a certain distance along a mining direction with a current mining position as a starting point (the distance may be set specifically according to the specific scenario), for example, a range of 50 meters to 100 meters before the current mining position. The preset drilling range may be determined in conjunction with the diffusion radius of the grout based on the overrun influence range.

The mining position refers to a position where the coal seam is mined. The current mining position may be determined directly from a current position (e.g., obtained by a positioning device) of a mining device (e.g., a coal miner, a hydraulic support).

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the preset condition are determined based on a condition of the water-conducting fracture zone, and the processor may initiate the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence when determining that the water-conducting fracture zone may communicate two aquifers and there is a risk of the cross-flow recharge, realizing an early warning of risks of subsidence and water hazard.

In some embodiments, setting the plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface may include: setting at least one branch hole with a preset length along a ground surface extension direction at the bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes.

The branch hole refers to a secondary hole drilled laterally in a specific direction (usually along an extension direction of the ground surface) at the bottom of the monitoring hole. The branch hole does not open directly at the ground surface, analogous to a lateral root of a tree outside a vertical main root.

In some embodiments, in order to facilitate a grouting process through the monitoring holes thereafter, the processor may provide at least one branch hole at the bottom of the monitoring hole along the extension direction of the ground surface after the monitoring hole is formed.

For example, in a general flat ground scenario, the processor may set a plurality of branch holes for facilitating the grouting process at the bottom of the monitoring holes in a horizontal direction, and a count and the preset length of the branch holes may be determined according to a specific scenario environment. For example, the count of the branch holes may be 2, 4, or the like.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a “radial” monitoring or control network can be formed by setting the branch holes, which greatly increases a range of underground space that may be covered by the monitoring holes. A cost of one monitoring hole plus the plurality of branch holes is typically lower compared to a cost of a plurality of monitoring holes.

In 106, in response to determining that the coal seam is mined, the water injection pressure monitoring is performed on at least one monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes within the preset range at intervals of the preset time. The preset range is determined according to the mining position of the coal seam.

In some embodiments, in the coal seam mining process, the processor may perform the water injection pressure monitoring on at least one of the monitoring holes within the preset range at intervals of the preset time as the working face advances, so as to determine whether or not there is uneven subsidence in the rock strata through a hole orifice pressure of the water injection pressure monitoring. The uneven subsidence is also likely to lead to seepage and water hazard problems in a rich aquifer of the ground surface.

In some embodiments, the preset range may be a range within a certain radius centered on the mining position, a range between the mining position and the drilling position, or a range between the mining position incorporating the overrun influence range and the drilling position.

In some embodiments, the preset time may be determined based on an empirical preset, such as 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or the like.

The water injection pressure monitoring refers to a water pressure test, i.e., a test in which fresh water is pressed into a test section of a borehole by using a water pump or a self-weight of a water column to calculate a relative water permeability of the rock strata and to understand a degree of fracture development, based on a relationship between an amount of water pressed in over a certain time period and a magnitude of the applied pressure.

In some embodiments, the water injection pressure monitoring may be accomplished by a high pressure water injection pump.

In some embodiments, the processor may perform the water pressure test at intervals of moments for monitoring holes that are within the overrun influence range as the working face advances during mining. A thickness and a depth of each aquifer, and physical and mechanical parameters of each rock strata of the roof are obtained through an indoor mechanical test of relevant borehole data. According to an on-site pumping test, a hydrochemical test analysis, and other manners, it is determined that if no treatment is carried out, there is a hydraulic connection between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer, and the water in the quaternary aquifer may flow to the weathered bedrock aquifer. At the same time, it is determined that if no treatment is carried out, the water-conducting fracture zone may be developed into the weathered bedrock aquifer, and the water-conducting fracture zone may become a water-conducting channel that connects the weathered bedrock aquifer with the quaternary aquifer, and the underground water may flow into the goaf zone along the water-conducting fracture zone, causing a large amount of water gushing in the goaf zone.

In 108, in response to determining that the pressure change of the water injection pressure monitoring performed on any monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes meets the first requirement, the grouting is performed on the any monitoring hole until the grouting pressure of the any monitoring hole reaches the second requirement.

In some embodiments, if the pressure change of the monitoring hole meets the first requirement when the water injection pressure monitoring is performed on any one of the monitoring holes, it is indicated that grouting is required to be performed on the monitoring hole to fill a subsidence region formed in the rock strata and have an effect of support and water isolation.

The first requirement refers to a condition used to determine whether a monitoring hole needs to be grouted. In some embodiments, the first requirement may include that a drop magnitude of the hole orifice pressure of the monitoring hole during a preset first time period exceeds a drop threshold and is consistently below a low-pressure threshold (or no pressure), indicating that mining of the coal seam has disturbed the overlying rock strata, and a small space or the water-conducting fracture zone is formed in a lower part of the key stratum (to which the monitoring hole penetrates), i.e., inhomogeneous subsidence has occurred. At this time, the water injection and monitoring may be stopped, and filling operations may be carried out.

The hole orifice pressure of the monitoring hole refers to a fluid pressure measured at a position of an orifice of the monitoring hole during the water injection pressure monitoring, which may also be understood as a water injection pressure. In some embodiments, the hole orifice pressure may be measured by a pressure collection device provided at the orifice. The pressure collection device may include a pressure transducer, a pressure gauge, a pore water pressure gauge, or the like.

The preset first time period refers to a time value used to determine the first requirement. In some embodiments, the preset first time period may be determined based on a manual preset. The preset first time period is a shorter duration. In some embodiments, the preset first time period may include 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 5 hours, or the like.

The drop threshold refers to a threshold used to determine a drop magnitude of the hole orifice pressure in the first requirement. The low-pressure threshold refers to a threshold used to determine whether the hole orifice pressure is low in the first requirement.

In some embodiments, the drop threshold and the low-pressure threshold may be determined based on a manual preset.

In some embodiments, the first requirement includes being greater than a relative pressure drop threshold, an absolute pressure failure threshold, and a pressure drop rate threshold.

In some embodiments, the relative pressure drop threshold and the absolute pressure failure threshold are determined based on a rock quality index, a mining thickness, and a mining speed of the mining zone.

In some embodiments, the pressure drop rate threshold is set individually for each monitoring hole, and the pressure drop rate threshold at the monitoring hole is determined based on a depth of the monitoring hole, a hydrostatic pressure at a monitoring hole position, and a brittleness index of rock mass at the monitoring hole position.

The rock quality index refers to an index that characterizes an integrity degree of the rock mass in the mining zone.

The mining thickness refers to a thickness of the coal seam to be mined. The mining speed refers to a speed at which the coal seam is being mined.

The relative pressure drop threshold refers to a limit value set for a percentage drop in a pressure in the monitoring hole relative to an initial stabilizing pressure or a pressure of a previous monitoring cycle in the monitoring hole.

The absolute pressure failure threshold refers to a threshold value at which an absolute value of the pressure in the monitoring hole is the lowest.

In some embodiments, the processor may construct the rock quality index, the mining thickness, and the mining speed of a current mining zone as a first vector, and obtain the relative pressure drop threshold and the absolute pressure failure threshold by querying a first vector database.

The first vector database may include a plurality of reference first vectors and corresponding labels. The reference first vector is constructed similarly to the first vector. The reference first vector is constructed based on the rock quality index, the mining thickness, and the mining speed from experimental data. Under a same experimental condition (a condition corresponding to the rock quality index, the mining thickness and the mining speed), the absolute pressure failure threshold is obtained by applying different pressures and observing a critical pressure value at a time of a rock being destroyed; the relative pressure drop threshold is obtained by applying different pressure drop magnitudes and observing a critical magnitude at the time of the rock being destroyed under the same experimental condition. The absolute pressure failure threshold and the relative pressure drop threshold obtained from the experiment are used as a label for the reference first vector, which is constructed from the rock quality index, the mining thickness, and the mining speed corresponding to the experimental condition.

The hydrostatic pressure refers to a stationary fluid pressure obtained by a pressure collection device set up in the monitoring hole.

A rock brittleness refers to a brittleness index of the rock mass. Rocks with a high brittleness index (e.g., siliceous sandstones) tend to fracture abruptly; rocks with a low brittleness index (e.g., mudstones) tend to deform plastically.

In some embodiments, the processor may construct the depth of the monitoring hole, the hydrostatic pressure at the monitoring hole position, and the brittleness index of the rock mass at the monitoring hole position as a second vector, and the pressure drop rate threshold is obtained by querying a second vector database. The second vector database may include a plurality of reference second vectors and corresponding labels. The second vector database is constructed similarly to the first vector database.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by dynamically correlating early warning thresholds (e.g., thresholds in the first requirement) with specific geological and mining parameters, and by personalizing judgments for each monitoring hole, a science and accuracy of an early warning criteria are greatly enhanced, mechanical properties of the rock mass are taken into full consideration, and false alarms or omissions are avoided, thereby realizing more accurate and reliable risk warning.

In some embodiments, in conjunction with a development process of overlying rock subsidence, with expansion of a mining zone, a position of the uneven subsidence gradually develops upward. If grouting is implemented at a design position, and a space generated by the uneven subsidence is filled in a timely manner, it can prevent the subsidence from further upward development, to achieve the purpose of slowing down the overlying rock strata and the rock strata subsidence, and reducing and eliminating subsidence harm. When the uneven subsidence occurs in overlying strata, it may inevitably lead to a reduction in the pressure at the position, so before the working face is mined, boreholes (the monitoring holes) are set up to carry out the water pressure test, and when the pressure is suddenly reduced to satisfy the first requirement, i.e., a time when the uneven subsidence occurs is a grouting time, so that the boreholes may be filled through timely grouting to substantially reduce the surface subsidence.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary process of grouting using monitoring holes according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, in response to determining that the pressure change of the water injection pressure monitoring performed on any monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes meets the first requirement, the processor may perform grouting through the any monitoring hole, and the grout for performing the grouting may be specifically set based on a specific scenario.

In some embodiments, the grout for grouting may include a clay-cement grout, and a volumetric concentration of the grout may be appropriately adjusted according to an actual situation of the grouting, and the grout may not contain toxic heavy metals such as iron, mercury, or the like, and may not cause water quality pollution to a target layer of a quaternary water conservation.

In some embodiments, the processor may also perform grouting through the branch hole, as shown in FIG. 2, and the processor may perform grouting by using two sections of curved branch holes at the bottom of the monitoring hole, and this grouting may be the primary grouting. The processor may monitor the grouting pressure in real time, and when the grouting pressure reaches the second requirement, the grouting may be considered as being completed.

The second requirement refers to a condition used to determine whether or not the grouting of the monitoring hole is complete. In some embodiments, the second requirement may include at least one of: the grouting pressure of the monitoring hole reaches a preset grouting threshold and lasts for a preset second time period, or a current grouting pressure reaches the water injection pressure before mining and lasts for a certain time period, or the like. The preset grouting threshold may be preset empirically.

The preset second time period refers to a time value used to determine the second requirement. In some embodiments, the preset second time period may be determined based on a manual preset. In some embodiments, the preset second time period may include 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 5 hours, or the like.

The grouting pressure of the monitoring hole refers to a pressure exerted on a hole wall or a surrounding geotechnical rock by the grout measured within the monitoring hole when the grouting is performed. In some embodiments, the grouting pressure may be measured by the pressure collection device set within the monitoring hole (e.g., at the orifice or at a particular depth within the monitoring hole).

In some embodiments, for the grouting pressure during the grouting process, in order to ensure a grouting effect, the grouting pressure of the grouting may be less than a water-blocking pressure from the grouting position to the mining position and greater than a vertical pressure from the grouting position to the ground surface. That is, the processor may perform grouting with a continuous, uninterrupted, high-flow, high-concentration grout, during which the grouting pressure may be adjusted to restore a borehole pressure to a pre-mining borehole pressure. In addition, the processor may simultaneously monitor the ground surface subsidence to verify the grouting effect.

In some embodiments, the manner of grouting may include fill grouting, infiltration grouting, compression grouting, split grouting, or the like.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by first exploring the rock strata between the coal seam and the ground surface to determine whether there is a need for water hazard prevention and control based on corresponding data. When it is determined that a condition is met, a plurality of monitoring holes extending below the key stratum are set on the ground surface, and during mining of the coal seam, the water injection pressure monitoring is continually carried out on the monitoring holes within a certain range of the mining position to determine the hole orifice pressure. When the hole orifice pressure changes to a certain extent, which means that the uneven subsidence has occurred, and at the same time, the subsidence is likely to lead to seepage and water hazard in a rich aquifer of the ground surface, and at this time, stopping water injection and then switching to perform grouting, and continuous performing pressure monitoring until the pressure is restored, so as to monitor the surface subsidence and water hazard caused by coal seam mining while mining, achieving simultaneous mining and treatment. When the uneven subsidence occurs, the surface subsidence and groundwater leakage can be greatly reduced by timely grouting, and because of drilling and monitoring on the surface, a construction difficulty and treatment cost can be reduced, and an impact on the mining efficiency is small.

In some embodiments, after the grouting pressure of the any monitoring hole reaches the second requirement, the processor may also: adjust the grouting position of the any monitoring hole, and perform secondary grouting at an interface between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer.

In some embodiments, in order to further enhance a water hazard protection effect and a waterproof and impermeable effect, as shown in FIG. 2, the processor may, after the primary grouting, adjust the grouting position of the any monitoring hole, and perform the secondary grouting at the interface between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer.

In some embodiments, the processor may perform grouting control, grouting position control, or the like, by providing an inflatable grout stopper, a pneumatic grouting stopper, an inflatable stopper, an airbag bolster, or the like, in the monitoring hole. The processor may determine a range of the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer through the basic data, and then determine an interface position of the two aquifers, and ultimately, perform the secondary grouting between the two aquifers after the primary grouting.

The grouting position refers to a target region or a target point where the grout is planned to fill, improve, or seal in the grouting.

In some embodiments, the processor may perform the secondary grouting at the interface between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer by a split grouting manner, allowing the grout to diffuse horizontally at the interface, and transforming a water-blocking layer between a lower portion of the quaternary aquifer and a top portion of the weathered bedrock aquifer. The water-blocking layer is used to block the water, so as to cut off a recharge path from the quaternary aquifer to the weathered bedrock aquifer.

In some embodiments, the rock strata further include a clayey aquitard, the clayey aquitard is located between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer, and adjusting the grouting position of the any monitoring hole includes: adjusting the grouting position to the clayey aquitard.

The clayey aquitard refers to rock strata or soil strata with poor permeability and mainly composed of clay minerals.

In some embodiments, if it is determined, based on the basic data, that there is the clayey aquitard formed between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer, a position of the clayey aquitard meets the second requirement for the secondary grouting, and at the same time a structure of the clayey aquitard is suitable for the grout of grouting, the processor may perform the secondary grouting in the clayey aquitard.

In some embodiments, similar to the primary grouting, for the grouting pressure of the secondary grouting, in order to ensure the grouting effect, the grouting pressure of the secondary grouting is less than the vertical pressure from the grouting position to the ground surface, and greater than a horizontal pressure and a fracture initiation pressure at the grouting position.

The horizontal pressure at the grouting position refers to a horizontal pressure exerted by the grout on a formation during the grouting process. The fracture initiation pressure refers to a minimum pressure at which a crack begins to occur in the formation when the grouting pressure reaches a certain critical value during the grouting process. In some embodiments, the grouting pressure higher than the fracture initiation pressure may be considered that the grouting is performed by the split grouting manner, and meanwhile after the grouting pressure is higher than the fracture initiation pressure, the grout is preferentially splitting and diffusing along a weak fracture surface, and weakly cemented surfaces of the low portion of the quaternary aquifer and the top portion of the weathered bedrock aquifer have the possibility of split grouting.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, early warning of the risk of subsidence and water hazard can be realized by real-time monitoring of the rock strata; and the risk of the water hazard can be further eradicated by proactive intervention through the secondary grouting.

It should be seen from the above embodiments, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of simultaneous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, and the present disclosure provides the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, and the present disclosure, by first exploring the rock strata between the coal seam and the ground surface to determine whether there is a need for water hazard prevention and control based on corresponding data. When it is determined that a condition is met, a plurality of monitoring holes extending below the key stratum are set on the ground surface, and during mining of the coal seam, the water injection pressure monitoring is continually carried out on the monitoring holes within a certain range of the mining position to determine the hole orifice pressure. When the hole orifice pressure changes to a certain extent, which means that the uneven subsidence has occurred, and at the same time, the subsidence is likely to lead to seepage and water hazard in a rich aquifer of the ground surface, and at this time, stopping water injection and then switching to perform grouting, and continuous performing pressure monitoring until the pressure is restored, so as to monitor the surface subsidence and water hazard caused by coal seam mining while mining, achieving simultaneous mining and treatment. When the uneven subsidence occurs, the surface subsidence and groundwater leakage can be greatly reduced by timely grouting, and because of drilling and monitoring on the surface, a construction difficulty and treatment cost can be reduced, and an impact on the mining efficiency is small.

In more specific scenarios, the present disclosure is mainly aimed at a problem that how to perform a synergistic treatment of roof water retention and the ground surface subsidence reduction in part of the mining zone without affecting a normal production of the coal mine, which can be synthesized to perform a same grout material twice at different positions for different grouting operations, to prevent and control water hazard to the roof and the ground surface of the mine to perform a comprehensive and effective simultaneous mining and treatment, compared with an underground filling treatment, not only to synchronize the realization of the roof water retention and the ground surface subsidence reduction, but also reduces a cost of the treatment.

It is noted that the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed by a single device, such as a computer or a server. The method of the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied in distributed scenarios, performed by a plurality of devices in cooperation with each other. In a case of the distributed scenarios, one of the plurality of devices may perform only one or more operations of the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure, with the plurality of devices interacting with each other to accomplish the described method.

It is noted that particular embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some embodiments, the actions or operations documented in the claims can be performed in a different order than in the embodiments described above and still achieve the desired results. Alternatively, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a particular order or sequential order as illustrated in order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multi-processing and parallel-processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: determining an overrun influence zone, a potential influence zone, and a stabilization zone based on the mining position, the drilling position, and basic data of the coal seam by a division model; and for each monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes, determining a monitoring frequency and a sampling volume of the monitoring hole based on the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, the stabilization zone, and the monitoring hole position of the monitoring hole; and controlling the high-pressure water injection pump to inject water into the monitoring hole at the monitoring frequency of a corresponding zone.

The overrun influence zone refers to a zone located within a certain distance in front of the working face, where deformation and damage are most likely to occur due to the concentration of rock strata stress. The overrun influence zone may be interpreted as a high-risk zone.

The potential influence zone refers to a zone located farther in front of the overrun influence zone, which is beginning to be affected by mining, but the deformation is not yet significant. The affected by mining refers to a movement and deformation of the ground surface caused or likely to be caused by underground mining. The potential influence zone may be interpreted as a medium-risk zone.

The stabilization zone refers to a zone that is farther away from the potential influence zone or is already behind the working face. The stabilization zone may be interpreted as a low-risk zone.

In some embodiments, the division model is a machine learning model. For example, the division model is a neural network model, a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, etc.

In some embodiments, inputs to the division model may include the mining position, the drilling position, and basic data of the coal seam, and outputs of the division model may include the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, and the stabilization zone.

In some embodiments, the division model may be obtained by training based on training data. In some embodiments, the processor may obtain a plurality of first training samples with first labels constituting a first training sample set, and perform a plurality of iterations based on the first training sample set.

The first training samples may include a sample mining position, a sample drilling position, and sample basic data of the coal seam in historical data. The first label may be the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, and the stabilization zone corresponding to the first training sample labeled after subsequent detecting of a plurality of mining positions after actual mining.

In determining the first label, the processor may detect the plurality of mining positions during subsequent actual mining of the first training sample to obtain rock strata deformation and the rock strata stress at the respective mining positions. If the rock strata deformation and the rock strata stress meet a preset influence condition during a whole mining process, the processor may label a corresponding mining position as an overrun influence position; if the rock strata deformation and the rock strata stress meet the preset influence condition for a certain time period (which may be set according to an actual demand) at a start of the mining process, but after the certain time period, at least one of the rock strata deformation and the rock strata stress does not meet the preset influence condition, the processor may label the corresponding mining position as a potential influence position; the remaining mining positions may be labeled as stable positions.

In some embodiments, the preset influence condition may include the rock strata deformation greater than a deformation threshold and the rock strata stress greater than a stress threshold. The deformation threshold and the stress threshold may be empirically preset.

In some embodiments, in determining the first label, the processor may also divide the overrun influence position, the potential influence position, and the stable positions by a connectivity domain division algorithm to obtain the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, and the stabilization zone. The connectivity domain division algorithm includes a connectivity domain analysis algorithm of a two-pass algorithm.

In some embodiments, the processor may input the first training sample set into an initial division model to perform a plurality of rounds of iterations. Each round of iteration includes selecting one or more first training samples from the first training sample set, inputting the one or more first training samples into the initial division model, and obtaining one or more model estimation output corresponding to the one or more first training samples; substituting one or more model estimation output and the first labels of the one or more first training samples into a formula of a predefined loss function to calculate a value of the loss function; inversely updating model parameters of the initial division model based on the value of the loss function. When an iteration end condition is satisfied, the iteration ends to obtain the trained division model. The iteration end condition may be that the loss function converges, the number of iterations reaches a threshold, etc.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, determining the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, and the stabilization zone by the division model may utilize a self-learning capability of the machine learning model to find a rule from a large amount of historical data, which improves an accuracy and efficiency of determining the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, and the stabilization zone by the division model.

The monitoring frequency refers to a frequency of performing the water pressure test. Sampling volume is the amount of data collected by the pressure collection device.

In some embodiments, the processor may determine the monitoring frequency and the sampling volume for the monitoring hole based on the monitoring hole position by querying a preset sampling table.

The preset sampling table includes reference monitoring frequencies and reference sampling volumes corresponding to the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, and the stabilization zone, respectively. The reference monitoring frequency and the reference sampling volume in the preset sampling table may be preset based on the historical data. Merely by way of example, a reference monitoring frequency and a reference sampling volume of the overrun influence zone are greater than a reference monitoring frequency and a reference sampling volume of the potential influence zone, and the reference monitoring frequency and the reference sampling volume of the potential influence zone are greater than a reference monitoring frequency and a reference sampling volume of the stabilization zone.

In some embodiments, the processor may determine the reference monitoring frequency and the reference sampling volume corresponding to a zone corresponding to the monitoring hole position in the preset sampling table, as the monitoring frequency and the sampling volume of the monitoring hole based on the monitoring hole position. For example, if the monitoring hole is located in the overrun influence zone, the reference monitoring frequency and the reference sampling volume corresponding to the overrun influence zone in the preset sampling table are determined as a currently desired monitoring frequency and sampling volume.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by dividing different risk zones and setting a differentiated monitoring frequency for each zone, an optimal allocation of monitoring resources is achieved. Performing high-frequency monitoring of the high-risk zones captures early signals of the rock strata deformation in a timely manner; lowering the monitoring frequency in the low-risk zones effectively saves manpower and equipment energy consumption, and improves the efficiency and economy of an entire monitoring system.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: for each monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes, based on the sampling volume of the monitoring hole, controlling a pressure sensor to perform the water injection pressure monitoring with the sampling volume of a corresponding zone and obtaining pressure data for the water injection pressure monitoring; the pressure data including a monitored pressure sequence during a preset time period; determining a target monitoring hole based on the pressure data of the plurality of monitoring holes and an addition condition; determining an addition parameter of an added monitoring hole based on the monitoring hole position of the target monitoring hole and the pressure data of the target monitoring hole, the addition parameter including a monitoring hole position and a hole depth of the added monitoring hole; controlling, based on the addition parameter for the added monitoring hole, a drilling device to drill the added monitoring hole at the monitoring hole position of the added monitoring hole with the hole depth based on the addition parameter of the added monitoring hole.

In some embodiments, the processor may also provide the added monitoring hole in a vicinity of a particular monitoring hole in order to avoid a situation in which the vicinity of the particular monitoring hole is not capable of being fully monitored and to ensure the monitoring effect. The hole depth of the added monitoring hole is consistent with a depth of the existing monitoring hole.

The target monitoring hole refers to a monitoring hole that needs to be set up with an added monitoring hole near the monitoring hole.

The addition condition refers to a condition used to determine whether an added monitoring hole needs to be set near the monitoring hole. In some embodiments, the addition condition may be a set of preset decision rules used by an algorithm to automatically determine whether the added monitoring hole is needed. When the pressure data satisfies any of the decision rules, an adding process is triggered.

In some embodiments, the addition condition may include, but is not limited to, at least one of a first addition condition, a second addition condition, and a third addition condition. For example, the adding process is triggered when at least one of the first addition condition, the second addition condition, and the third addition condition is satisfied.

In some embodiments, the first addition condition includes a sharp pressure drop condition, a pressure absolute value condition, and an adjacent hole stability condition. When the pressure data of the monitoring hole satisfies the sharp pressure drop condition, the pressure absolute value condition, and the adjacent hole stability condition simultaneously, the monitoring hole may be determined to be an isolated anomaly, which may be determined to be the target monitoring hole and needs to be surrounded by installing an additional monitoring hole.

The sharp pressure drop condition includes a pressure sequence of the monitoring hole showing that the water injection pressure of the monitoring hole has dropped sharply in a short time period. For example, time is used as an independent variable, and pressure values in the pressure sequence are fitted as a dependent variable to obtain a slope. If the slope is negative and an absolute value of the slope is greater than a preset value, the water injection pressure is sharply decreasing.

The pressure absolute value condition includes a latest measured (i.e., measured at a closest time to the present) pressure value in the pressure sequence of the monitoring hole being low enough to trigger a grouting threshold, i.e., the first requirement.

The adjacent hole stability condition includes all adjacent monitoring holes of a monitoring hole (e.g., a monitoring hole A) remaining stable in the pressure sequence over a same time period. The adjacent monitoring holes refer to other monitoring holes within a preset distance radius, for example, other monitoring holes B, C, and D within a range of 50 meters. The remaining stable may be interpreted as fluctuations less than Y %, and Y is greater than 0. Satisfying the adjacent hole stability condition indicates that deformations or conductive channels are likely to be highly concentrated near the monitoring hole A, existing monitoring network is not capable of effectively monitoring a scope near the monitoring hole A, so it is necessary to install the added monitoring hole around the monitoring hole A.

In some embodiments, the second addition condition includes a grouting completion condition and a downstream hole anomaly condition. When the pressure data of the monitoring hole satisfies both the grouting completion condition and the downstream hole anomaly condition, it may be determined that a bypass channel exists in the vicinity of the monitoring hole, the monitoring hole may be identified as the target monitoring hole, and the added monitoring hole needs to be installed around the monitoring hole.

The grouting completion condition includes that a plurality of adjacent monitoring holes (e.g., the monitoring holes A and B) within a monitoring zone (e.g., the overrun influence zone, the potential influence zone, or the stabilization zone corresponding to the monitoring hole) have been grouted and an end grouting pressure of the adjacent monitoring hole has reached or exceeded the preset grouting threshold (the preset grouting threshold in the second requirement) for grouting completion. For example, P_grouting completion≥P_grouting preset.

The downstream hole anomaly condition includes a continuous rapid drop in a water injection pressure at another monitoring hole (e.g., the monitoring hole C) located in a downstream direction or at an edge of the downstream in a grouting zone for a preset monitoring time T after the grouting completion. For example, T is 1 hour, 2 hours, or 5 hours. The continuous rapid drop may be characterized by a pressure change rate (a pressure change value divided by T) that exceeds a third preset threshold, e.g., the pressure change rate greater than 0.3 MPa/min.

In some embodiments, the third addition condition includes a pressure change correlation condition. When the pressure data of the monitoring hole satisfies the pressure change correlation condition, it may be determined that a complex fracture network exists in the vicinity of the monitoring hole, the monitoring hole may be determined as the target monitoring hole, and the added monitoring hole needs to be densely added across an entire monitoring zone.

The pressure change correlation condition includes a plurality of correlation coefficients of a pressure time sequence between all pairs of the monitoring holes in the monitoring zone, and an average correlation coefficient is lower than a fourth preset threshold. For example, the average correlation coefficient is less than 0.3. The closer the correlation coefficient is to 0, the more chaotic and irrelevant the change is. The correlation coefficient refers to a linear correlation between two monitoring holes, independent of units.

In some embodiments, the third addition condition may further include if the pressure change of the monitoring hole in the monitoring zone is not capable of being effectively fitted by a preset prediction model, and a root mean square of a prediction error thereof is consistently above a fifth preset threshold. The prediction model may be a linear or a machine learning model based on a mining progress. The condition may be used for further determination when the pressure change correlation condition is determined to be unsatisfied, and is suitable for scenarios with more stringent requirements.

In some embodiments, in response to satisfying the first addition condition, the added monitoring hole needs to be installed around the target monitoring hole A, the processor may randomly select a position within a preset range of the target monitoring hole A as a position of the added monitoring hole, and a hole depth of the added monitoring hole is consistent with a depth of the target monitoring hole A.

In some embodiments, in response to satisfying the second addition condition, the added monitoring hole needs to be installed between the target monitoring holes A and B, the processor may determine a midpoint of a line connecting the target monitoring holes A and B as the location of the added monitoring hole, and a hole depth of the added monitoring hole is consistent with depths of the target monitoring holes A and B. Generally, the target monitoring holes A and B have a same depth.

In some embodiments, in response to satisfying the third addition condition, the added monitoring hole needs to be densely added across the entire monitoring zone, the processor may randomly generate N added monitoring holes within the monitoring zone that do not overlap with the present monitoring holes. N is related to the correlation coefficient, where the smaller the correlation coefficient is, the larger N is, and there exists a preset upper limit value for N. The depth of the added monitoring hole is set according to a preset depth.

In some embodiments, when the pressure data satisfies a plurality of addition conditions (i.e., when two or more of the first addition condition, the second addition condition, and the third addition condition are satisfied), the added monitoring holes may be set up in correspondence with satisfied addition conditions, respectively.

In some embodiments, the drilling device includes a vehicle-mounted rapid drilling rig.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the monitoring holes are intelligently determined and automatically replenished by analyzing the pressure data, so that the monitoring network is equipped with self-adaptive optimization capability, and is capable of proactively filling in a monitoring blind zone to accurately cover mutated seepage channels or subsidence zones, thereby significantly improving a detection resolution and overall monitoring reliability of a complex underground catastrophic process.

In some embodiments, the method includes: for each of the plurality of monitoring holes, determining a grouting parameter of the monitoring hole based on a pressure change magnitude and the pressure change rate obtained by performing the water injection pressure monitoring, the grouting parameter including a grouting flow rate, a grout concentration, a start-up pressure, and a start-up period; controlling a grouting pump to pump the grout from a grout storage tank into the monitoring hole during the start-up period at the start-up pressure and the grouting flow rate based on the grouting parameter, and controlling the grouting pump to grout at the grouting pressure and the grouting flow rate determined by the second requirement after the start-up period.

In some embodiments, the processor may construct the pressure change magnitude and the pressure change rate as a third vector, and the grouting parameter is obtained by querying a third vector database. The third vector database may include a plurality of reference third vectors and corresponding labels. The processor may use the historical data without problems after grouting (e.g., problems such as a huge pressure change in the monitoring hole, cracks in the monitoring hole) as sample data, construct the pressure change magnitude and pressure change rate in the sample data as the reference third vector, and label the grouting parameter that actually correspond to the sample data as a label of the reference third vector.

At the start of grouting, fractures in the formation may be partially clogged with debris or clay, or the fractures may be very small. At this point, a relatively “mild” start-up pressure is needed to first wet a fracture surface, flush out a soft plug, and allow the grout to initially penetrate for a subsequent full filling to open a way. This stage is prone to problems such as “premature sealing” or “bridge plugging”, so a process of real-time monitoring and determining the grouting parameter may be used.

The grout storage tank refers to a container used to store the grout.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by dynamically calculating and controlling a flow rate, a concentration, and a pressure parameter of the grouting based on real-time pressure changes, the refinement and intelligence of the grouting process are realized. The adaptive grouting strategy ensures that the grout is injected into the fracture with the most appropriate parameters, significantly improving the sealing efficiency and treatment effect, and avoiding grout waste.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: obtaining a grout concentration in the grout storage tank in real time via a concentration sensor; in response to determining that the grout concentration in the grout storage tank does not meet a grout concentration required by the grouting parameter, prior to the start-up period, determining, based on the grout concentration in the grout storage tank and the grout concentration of the grouting parameter, an opening degree of a dilution valve or an opening degree of a weighting valve; and controlling the opening degree of the dilution valve connected to a dilute liquid tank to inject dilute liquid, or controlling the opening degree of the weighting valve connected to a weighting liquid tank to inject weighting liquid.

The diluent liquid tank refers to a container that internally stores liquid (i.e., the diluent liquid) used to dilute the grout. The diluent liquid is a solvent for the grout, for example, water.

The weighting liquid tank refers to a container that internally stores concentrated grout or additives (i.e., a solute portion of the grout) used to increase the grout concentration or grout density. For example, the weighting liquid tank includes a thick grout of high-grade cement, a highly concentrated bentonite suspension, or a specialized chemical thickener solution.

The diluent liquid tank (storing solvents) is used to reduce the grout concentration, and the weighting liquid tank (storing solutes or concentrates) is used to increase the grout concentration.

In some embodiments, the processor may determine the opening degree of the dilution valve or the opening degree of the weighting valve based on the grout concentration in the storage tank and the grout concentration of the grouting parameter.

The dilution valve is used to control the opening and closing of the grout storage tank and the diluent liquid tank. The weighting valve is used to control the opening and closing of the grout storage tank and the weighting liquid tank.

The processor may compare the grout concentration in the grout storage tank with the grout concentration of the grouting parameter (i.e., a target value). In response to determining that the grout concentration in the grout storage tank is higher than the target value, the processor may calculate a volume of the diluent liquid to be added and look up a preset opening table to obtain the opening degree of the dilution valve. In response to determining that the grout concentration in the grout storage tank is lower than the target value, the processor may calculate a volume of the weighting liquid to be added and look up a preset opening table to obtain the opening degree of the weighting valve. The preset opening table may include diluent volumes or weighting liquid volumes, with corresponding valve opening degrees.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, by automatically adjusting and precisely controlling the grout concentration in the grout storage tank prior to the grouting, it ensures that material properties of the injected grout are always in line with a design formula, and guarantees a key property of a grout material, such as a strength and a durability of the grout material from a source, which is an important foundation for effective treatment and long-term stability.

It should be noted that the foregoing descriptions of process 100 are intended to be exemplary and illustrative only and do not limit the scope of application of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, various corrections and changes may be made to process 100 under the guidance of the present disclosure. However, these corrections and changes remain within the scope of the present disclosure.

The embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a device for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of an exemplary device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the device for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence includes a first module 310, a second module 320, a third module 330, and a fourth module 340.

The first module 310 may be configured to explore rock strata between a coal seam and a ground surface to determine basic data of the rock strata, the rock strata including a key stratum; the second module 320 may be configured to, in response to determining that the basic data meets a preset condition, set a plurality of monitoring holes on the ground surface based on a drilling position, bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes being located on a side of the key stratum in the rock strata away from the ground surface; the third module 330 may be configured to, in response to determining that the coal seam is mined, perform water injection pressure monitoring on at least one monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes within a preset range at intervals of a preset time, the preset range being determined according to a mining position of the coal seam; the fourth module 340 may be configured to, in response to determining that a pressure change of the water injection pressure monitoring performed on any monitoring hole of the plurality of monitoring holes meets a first requirement, perform grouting on the any monitoring hole until a grouting pressure of the any monitoring hole reaches a second requirement.

In some embodiments, the rock strata further include a quaternary aquifer and a weathered bedrock aquifer, and the second module 320 is further configured to: determine whether the rock strata form a water-conducting fracture zone due to mining; and in response to determining that the water-conducting fracture zone exists, determine whether the water-conducting fracture zone extends into the weathered bedrock aquifer, and whether the quaternary aquifer is capable of performing cross-flow recharge to the weathered bedrock aquifer to determine whether the basic data of the rock strata meets the preset condition.

In some embodiments, the grouting pressure of the grouting is less than a water-blocking pressure from a grouting position to the mining position, and greater than a vertical pressure from the grouting position to the ground surface.

In some embodiments, the rock strata further include a quaternary aquifer and a weathered bedrock aquifer; and the fourth module 340 is further configured to: adjust a grouting position of the any monitoring hole, and perform secondary grouting at an interface between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer.

In some embodiments, the rock strata further include a clayey aquitard, and the clayey aquitard is located between the quaternary aquifer and the weathered bedrock aquifer; the fourth module 340 is further configured to: adjust the grouting position to the clayey aquitard.

In some embodiments, a grouting pressure of the secondary grouting is less than a vertical pressure from the grouting position to the ground surface, and greater than a horizontal pressure and a fracture initiation pressure at the grouting position.

In some embodiments, the second module 320 is further configured to set at least one branch hole with a preset length along a ground surface extension direction at the bottoms of the plurality of monitoring holes.

For convenience of description, the above device is described in terms of function into various modules described separately. Of course, it is possible to implement the functions of the various modules in the same or multiple software and/or hardware when implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which may not be repeated herein.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include: a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input/output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, the memory 1020, the input/output interface 1030, and the communication interface 1040 are communicatively connected to each other within the device via the bus 1050.

The processor 1010 may be implemented by means of a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for executing a relevant program, for example, to realize a technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

The memory 1020 may be implemented in a form of read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or the like. The memory 1020 may store an operating system and other application programs, and in realizing the technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and called by the processor 1010 for execution.

The input/output interface 1030 is used to connect an input/output module to realize information input and output. Input/output modules may be configured as components in the device (not shown in the figure) or may be external to the device to provide appropriate functionality. An input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, various types of sensors, etc., and an output device may include a display, a loudspeaker, a vibrator, an indicator light, etc.

The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication interaction between the device and other devices. The communication module may realize communication by wired means (e.g., a USB, a network cable) or by wireless means (e.g., a mobile network, a WIFI, a Bluetooth).

The bus 1050 includes a pathway that transfers information between various components of the device, such as the processor 1010, the memory 1020, the input/output interface 1030, and the communication interface 1040.

It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, the memory 1020, the input/output interface 1030, the communication interface 1040, and the bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary to achieve proper operation. In addition, it may be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described apparatus may also include only components necessary to realize the embodiments of the present disclosure, and need not include all the components illustrated in the figures.

The electronic device of the above embodiments is used to implement the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence described in any of the embodiments of the present disclosure and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which may not be repeated herein.

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, the computer instructions being configured to cause the computer to perform the method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence as described in any embodiment of the present disclosure.

The computer-readable media of the embodiments of the present disclosure include permanent, removable and non-removable media, and may be used by any method or technique to implement information storage. The information may be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media for computers include, but are not limited to, phase-change random-access memory (PRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), other types of random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cartridge tapes, a magnetic tape disk storage, or any other non-transfer media that may be used to store information and may be accessed by the computing device.

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer program product that includes computer program instructions. In some embodiments, the computer program instructions may be executed by one or more processors of a computer to cause the computer and/or the processors to perform a method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. Corresponding execution subjects for each step in each embodiment of the corresponding method for synchronous treatment of water hazard and subsidence, the processor executing the corresponding step may be one that belongs to the corresponding execution subject. And the computer program product has the beneficial effect of the corresponding embodiment of the method, which will not be repeated here.

It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; combinations may also be made between the above embodiments or the technical features in the different embodiments in the context of the ideas of the present disclosure, and the steps may be realized in any order and there are different aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure, such as those above of many other variations, which for the sake of brevity they are not provided in detail.

Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and so as not to make the embodiments of the present disclosure difficult to understand, well-known power/ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the accompanying drawings provided. In addition, the devices may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid making the embodiments of the present disclosure difficult to understand, and also take into account the fact that the details regarding the manner in which these block diagram devices are implemented are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of the present disclosure are to be implemented (i.e., should be well within the understanding of those skilled in the art). Specific details (e.g., a circuit) are set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure; it may be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented without those specific details or with variations of those specific details. These descriptions should therefore be considered illustrative and not limiting.

While the present disclosure describing in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present disclosure, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may use the discussed embodiments.

The embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. As such, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, and the like made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure shall be included within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Having thus described the basic concepts, it may be rather apparent to those skilled in the art after reading this detailed disclosure that the foregoing detailed disclosure is intended to be presented by way of example only and is not limiting. Various alterations, improvements, and modifications may occur and are intended to those skilled in the art, though not expressly stated herein. These alterations, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested by this disclosure and are within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

Moreover, certain terminology has been used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the terms “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” and “some embodiments” mean that a particular feature, structure, or feature described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” in various portions of the present disclosure are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or features may be combined as suitable in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

Furthermore, the recited order of processing elements or sequences, or the use of numbers, letters, or other designations therefore, is not intended to limit the claimed processes and methods to any order except as may be specified in the claims. Although the above disclosure discusses through various examples what is currently considered to be a variety of useful embodiments of the disclosure, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that are within the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. For example, although the implementation of various parts described above may be embodied in a hardware device, it may also be implemented as a software only solution, e.g., an installation on an existing server or mobile device.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of embodiments of the present disclosure, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various embodiments. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, claimed subject matter may lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment.

In some embodiments, numbers describing the number of ingredients and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used for the description of the embodiments use the modifier “about”, “approximately”, or “substantially” in some examples. Unless otherwise stated, “about”, “approximately”, or “substantially” indicates that the number is allowed to vary by ±20%. Correspondingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the description and claims are approximate values, and the approximate values may be changed according to the required features of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should consider the prescribed effective digits and adopt the method of general digit retention. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm the breadth of the range in some embodiments of the present disclosure are approximate values, in specific embodiments, settings of such numerical values are as accurate as possible within a feasible range.

For each patent, patent application, patent application publication, or other materials cited in the present disclosure, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, documents, or the like, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated into the present disclosure as a reference. The application history documents that are inconsistent or conflict with the content of the present disclosure are excluded, and the documents that restrict the broadest scope of the claims of the present disclosure (currently or later attached to the present disclosure) are also excluded. It should be noted that if there is any inconsistency or conflict between the description, definition, and/or use of terms in the auxiliary materials of the present disclosure and the content of the present disclosure, the description, definition, and/or use of terms in the present disclosure is subject to the present disclosure.

Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in the present disclosure are only used to illustrate the principles of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other variations may also fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, as an example and not a limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be regarded as consistent with the teaching of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the embodiments introduced and described in the present disclosure explicitly.