112403 ⎘
Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds; Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats; Fatty acid esters Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
ACIDOPHILIC FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM STRAINS, METHODS OF THEIR PRODUCTION AND METHODS OF THEIR USE
#2METHOD FOR OBTAINING A LYOPHILISED ENZYMATIC PREPARATION AND ITS USES IN SYNTHESIS REACTIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ESTOLIDE-TYPE BIOLUBRICANTS, BIODIESEL AND POLYOL-ESTERS-TYPE BIOLUBRICANTS
#3PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID ALKYL ESTERS
#4Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products
#5USE OF OXYHYDROGEN MICROORGANISMS FOR NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON CAPTURE AND CONVERSION OF INORGANIC AND/OR Cl CARBON SOURCES INTO USEFUL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
#6MICROBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF SHORT FATTY ACIDS AND USES THEREOF
#7ENGINEERING OF RHIZOPUS ORYZAE LIPASE TO INCREASE ITS THERMOSTABILITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STRUCTURED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS
#8METHOD OF MAKING A MICROBIAL FATTY ACID AND FATTY ACID BUTYL ESTER USING A HYBRID BIOSOLVENT WASHING/EXTRACTION PROCESS AND MICROBIAL LIPID OIL AND HYDROPHOBIC BIOHYDROCARBON AS A LIQUID FUEL INTERMEDIARY
#9COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR ENHANCING PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND/OR LIPID PRODUCTION OF MICROORGANISMS
#10Process and System for Producing Pulp, Energy, and Bioderivatives from Plant-Based and Recycled Materials
#11Process and System for Producing Pulp, Energy, and Bioderivatives from Plant-Based and Recycled Materials
#12RECOMBINANT ALGAE HAVING HIGH LIPID PRODUCTIVITY
#13TWO-STAGE PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OIL FROM MICROALGAE
#14FATTY ACID ESTERIFICATION PROCESS
#15METHODS OF PRODUCING LOW CLOUD POINT BIODIESEL FROM COCOA BUTTER
#16HIGH PRODUCTIVITY ALGAL MUTANTS HAVING REDUCED PHOTOSYNTHETIC ANTENNA
#17Conversion of lignin into bioplastics and lipid fuels
#18ENGINEERED CYANOBACTERIA WITH ENHANCED UV TOLERANCE
#19ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION OF OIL
#20FEED CONTROL IN CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO HYDROCARBON FUELS AND CHEMICALS
#21SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SUGAR STREAM USING MEMBRANE FILTRATION
#22Enzyme addition to omega 3 fermentation broth for the reduction of oligosaccharides through sterilized dextrose solution
#23Method for retrofitting an existing plant with a bran fractionation process
#24SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING A SUGAR STREAM
#25Use of oxyhydrogen microorganisms for non-photosynthetic carbon capture and conversion of inorganic and/or C1 carbon sources into useful organic compounds
#26ENZYMATIC OR NON-ENZYMATIC BIODIESEL POLISHING PROCESS
#27CIRCULAR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS FROM ALGAL BIOMASS AND ATMOSPHERIC CARBON REMOVAL WITH LONG-LIVED STORAGE USING ALGAE RESIDUAL BIOMASS USING PACKING AND SPREADED SINKAGE
#28PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING BIOFUELS WITH REDUCED CARBON INTENSITY
#29Methods And Compositions For Producing Hydrocarbons
#30Use of ethanologens in biofuel production
#31mutant strain for expressing exogenous gene
#32Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products
#33SEMI-BIOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTION OF FATTY ALCOHOLS AND FATTY ALDEHYDES
#34Recombinant algae having high lipid productivity
#35MICROBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF SHORT FATTY ACIDS AND USES THEREOF
#36CONTINUOUS BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS PROCESS BY TRANSESTERIFICATION WITH SUPERCRITICAL METHANOL
#37Use of marine algae for co-producing alkenones, alkenone derivatives, and co-products
#38ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES
#39SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SUGAR STREAM USING MEMBRANE FILTRATION
#40Systems and methods for producing a sugar stream
#41Systems and methods for producing a sugar stream
#42METHOD OF ENHANCING LIPID PRODUCTION IN ALGAE AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
#43Method of adjusting the pH of a pretreatment solution using carbon dioxide useful for integrating saccharification and fermentation of a biomass
#44Bioprocess and microbe engineering for total carbon utilization in biofuel production
#45Process for producing esters and biolubricants, catalysed by fermented solid
#46High productivity algal mutants having reduced photosynthetic antenna
#47SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR ADDING PRE-FERMENTATION SEPARATED NON-FERMENTABLES TO A POST-FERMENTATION STREAM
#48Production Of Fatty Acids And Derivatives Thereof
#49Immobilized Enzyme Complexes and Related Methods
#50Two-stage process for producing oil from microalgae
#51Methods of producing omega-hydroxylated fatty acid derivatives
#52Cyanobacteria having improved photosynthetic activity
#53Methods and compositions for producing hydrocarbons
#54Biotechnological production of alcohols and derivatives thereof
#55Biological guard beds in conversion of biomass into hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals
#56Acetyl-CoA carboxylase variants
#57PROCESSING BIOMASS
#58LABYRINTHULOMYCETE STRAINS FOR PRODUCING DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
#59Efficient biomass carbon-based solid acid esterification catalyst for producing biodiesel
#60Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems
#61Compositions and methods for producing lipids and other biomaterials from grain ethanol stillage and stillage derivatives
#62Methods and products for production of wax esters
#63Production of algae-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids
#64Method for manufacturing biofuel
#65Enzyme processing of soybeans into intact oil bodies, protein bodies, and hydrolyzed carbohydrates
#66Pyruvate transporter
#67Screening method for high-efficiency biofuel-producing strains by dielectrophoretic method using vertical nano-gap electrodes
#68Process and system for producing pulp, energy, and bioderivatives from plant-based and recycled materials
#69Industrial Fatty Acid Engineering General System for Modifying Fatty Acids
#70Cyanobacteria having improved photosynthetic activity
#71Process for Growing Natural or Engineered High Lipid Accumulating Strain on Crude Glycerol and/or Other Sources of Waste Carbon for the Production of Oils, Fuels, Oleochemicals, and Other Valuable Organic Compounds
#72ALGAL CHLOROPLASTIC SRP54 MUTANTS
#73Composition and method for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, growth and/or lipid production of microorganisms
#74Production of fatty acid esters
#75Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products
#76HYDROCARBON-PRODUCING GENES AND METHODS OF THEIR USE
#77Methods and compositions for producing hydrocarbons
#78Enzymatic modification of oil
#79Acidophilic strains, methods of their production and methods of their use
#80ACIDOPHILIC FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM STRAINS, METHODS OF THEIR PRODUCTION AND METHODS OF THEIR USE
#81PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES
#82HIGH SALINITY TOLERANT MICROALGAE STRAINS, PRODUCTS DERIVED THEREFROM, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THE SAME
#83System and method for producing a sugar stream using membrane filtration
#84Reduction of Phospholipids in Phospholipid-Containing Oil Material
#85Process and system for producing pulp, energy, and bioderivatives from plant-based and recycled materials
#86Method of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems
#87Method for co-production and processing of biological energy sources by oil crops
#88Processing biomass
#89Biological oils and production and uses thereof
#90Use of marine algae for co-producing alkenones, alkenone derivatives, and co-products
#91Synthetic fusion gene and its use thereof
#92Biofuel generation
#93Semi-biosynthetic production of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes
#94Host Cells and Methods for Production of Isobutanol
#95Cyanobacteria having improved photosynthetic activity
#96Methods and devices for producing biodiesel and products obtained therefrom
#97Engineered cyanobacteria with enhanced lipid production
#98Device and method of producing ultra-low sulfur biodiesel
#99Engineered CO2-Fixing Chemotrophic Microorganisms Producing Carbon-Based Products and Methods of Using the Same
#100Recombinant for enhanced production of fatty acid derivatives
#101Microbial electrochemical cells and methods for producing electricity and bioproducts therein
#102Enzymatic transesterification/esterification processes employing lipases immobilized on hydrophobic resins in the presence of water solutions
#103Cellulase complex, and glycosidase hydrolases thereof, and methods of using thereof
#104MICROALGAE FERMENTATION USING CONTROLLED ILLUMINATION
#105CELLULOSIC BIOFUEL AND CO-PRODUCTS
#106Lipid biosynthesis and abiotic stress resilience in photosynthetic organisms
#107Industrial Fatty Acid Engineering General System for Modifying Fatty Acids
#108Systems and methods for producing a sugar stream
#109Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products
#110BIOREFINERY SYSTEM, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
#111Method for combined preparation of biodiesel
#112Methods for oil degumming
#113Compositions and methods for producing lipids and other biomaterials from grain ethanol stillage and stillage derivatives
#114Methods and products for production of wax esters
#115Use of marine algae for co-producing alkenones, alkenone derivatives, and co-products
#116HORIZONTALLY INCLINED TROUGH REACTOR AND USES THEREFOR
#117Conversion of lignin into bioplastics and lipid fuels
#118High productivity algal mutants having reduced photosynthetic antenna
#119Enzymatic modification of oil
#120MICROALGAE FERMENTATION USING CONTROLLED ILLUMINATION
#121Combined anaerobic digester and GTL system and method of use thereof
#122Acidophilic fusarium oxysporum strains, methods of their production and methods of their use
#123Use of bacteriocin-producing ethanologens in biofuel production
#124METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR PRODUCING FATTY ALCOHOLS AND FATTY ALDEHYDES
#125Genes that improve tolerance to lignocellulosic toxins when overexpressed in yeast
#126Process and system for producing pulp, energy, and bioderivatives from plant-based and recycled materials
#127Microbiological production of short fatty acids and uses thereof
#128Nano Biofuel Production Processes: Using Nantechnology to Enhance Produciton fo Biofuels
#129Mutant Yeast Strain Capable of Degrading Cellobiose
#130System and process for adding pre-fermentation separated non-fermentables to a post-fermentation stream
#131Systems and methods for biological conversion of carbon dioxide pollutants into useful products
#132Adjusting the pH of a pretreatment solution using carbon dioxide useful for integrating saccharification and fermentation
#133Integration of a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide that catalyzes pyruvate to acetolactate conversion
#134Production of fatty acid derivatives
#135Enhanced production of fatty acid derivatives
#136Enzymatic removal of steryl glycosides
#137Heterotrophically cultivated recombinant microalgae
#138METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALKYL ESTERS
#139Production of fatty acids and derivatives thereof
#140Pretreatment process of lignocellulosic biomass
#141Pyrolysis of lignin
#142Methods and compositions for producing hydrocarbons
#143TWO-STAGE PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OIL FROM MICROALGAE
#144Use of nitric oxide or nitric oxide donor for inducing the production of triacylglycerols in microalgae
#145Thermally stable enzymes, compositions thereof and method of using same
#146Method of separating waste material
#147Engineered CO2-fixing chemotrophic microorganisms producing carbon-based products and methods of using the same
#148Biotechnological production of omega-functionalised carboxylic acids and esters thereof
#149Methods for producing biodiesel by recombinant lipase
#150Algal mutants with increased lipid productivity
#151Transformed having capability of producing biodiesel from carbon dioxide and method for producing biodiesel using the same
#152High salinity tolerant microalgae strains, products derived thereform, and methods of producing the same
#153Cyclic bioconversion processes and bioreactor assemblies
#154GENETICALLY MODIFIED FUNGI AND THEIR USE IN LIPID PRODUCTION
#155Process for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, wherein the hydrolysate is used for microbial hydrolase production
#156Production of fatty acid alkyl esters with caustic treatment
#157Use of enzymes which catalyze pyruvate synthesis from formate and acetyl-CoA and bacteria expressing same
#158Production of biofuel from tissue culture sources
#159Systems and methods for producing a sugar stream
#160Renewable diesel and jet fuel from microbial sources
#161SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION OF MIXED FATTY ESTERS
#162METHOD FOR PURIFYING STEARIDONIC ACID
#163Biological oils and production and uses thereof
#164Inhibitors of sterol metabolism for their use to accumulate triglycerides in microalgae, and methods thereof
#165Porous membrane having immobilized enzyme, porous membrane composite including the same, and preparation method thereof
#166PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES
#167COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE TRIGLYCERIDES
#168BIOREFINERY SYSTEM, METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
#169Green alga lipid-accumulating variant and use of the same
#170Thraustochytrid based process for treating waste effluents
#171Acetyl-CoA carboxylase variants
#172Yeast cell modified to overproduce fatty acid and fatty acid-derived compounds
#173Method for producing an oil or fat component and method for producing higher unsaturated fatty acid using algae
#174SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCTION OF MIXED FATTY ESTERS
#175Method for generating oil/fat component from chlamydomonas algae
#176Engineered microbes and methods for microbial oil overproduction from cellulosic materials
#177ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LIQUID FUEL GENERATOR
#178Compositions and methods for making and modifying oils
#179MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
#180Methods and devices for producing biodiesel and products obtained therefrom
#181Methods of producing omega-hydroxylated fatty acid derivatives
#182Integration of a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide that catalyzes pyruvate to acetolactate conversion
#183Fermentation process for the production of lipids
#184Cyanobacteria having improved photosynthetic activity
#185Biorefinery system, methods and compositions thereof
#186Methods and systems for biological coal-to-biofuels and bioproducts
#187Cellulosic biofuel
#188Xylose isomerase signature sequences
#189MICROOGANISMS WITH ALTERED FATTY ACID PROFILES FOR RENEWABLE MATERIALS AND BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION
#190Acidophilic fusarium oxysporum strains, methods of their production and methods of their use
#191Biorefinery system, methods and compositions thereof
#192ENZYMATIC TRANSESTERIFICATION/ESTERIFICATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES EMPLOYING LIPASES IMMOBILZED ON HYDROPHOBIC RESINS
#193Method for improving yield of enzymatic preparation of biodiesel from greases
#194Production of fatty acid alkyl esters
#195Enzymatic Chemical Processing in a Fiber Conduit Apparatus
#196Methods and compositions for producing fatty alcohols or fatty aldehydes
#197RECYCLING OF ENZYMES FROM BIOREACTORS
#198Process for the production of lipids from biomass
#199Polypeptides Having Chlorophyllase Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same
#200Continuous production of biodiesel fuel by enzymatic method
#201Isolated genes and transgenic organisms for producing biofuels
#202Recombinant microalgae including sucrose invertase and thioesterase
#203Xylose isomerases and their uses
#204Compositions and methods for modulating biomass productivity
#205Engineered microbes and methods for microbial oil production
#206Use of marine algae for co-producing alkenones, alkenone derivatives, and co-products
#207Lipase in short-chain esterification of fatty acids
#208Integrated ethanol and biodiesel facility
#209Microbial conversion of methane
#210Porous membrane having immobilized enzyme, porous membrane composite including the same, and preparation method thereof
#211Biotransformation using genetically modified
#212Genetically engineered microorganisms that metabolize xylose
#213PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM GLYCERINE
#214Methods and compositions for producing hydrocarbons
#215METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT OF A FEEDSTOCK
#216MOBILE PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING BIODIESEL FUEL FROM WASTE OILS
#217Genetically modified organism for the production of lipids
#218Process for producing lipids suitable for biofuels
#219INTEGRATED BIODIESEL PROCESS
#220PHYTOPHTHORA PHOSPHOLIPASE C
#221Method for Producing Biodiesel Using Microorganisms Without Drying Process
#222Lipid Production
#223Method and system for processing a biomass for producing biofuels and other products
#224ALGAE STRAIN FOR BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION
#225Enzyme promoted COcapture integrated with algae production and apparatus therefor
#226SUPPRESSION OF TLA2-CpFTSY GENE EXPRESSION FOR IMPROVED SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY IN ALGAE
#227Process of production of renewable chemicals and biofuels from seaweeds
#228Nucleic acids useful in the manufacture of oil
#229Renewable fuels produced from oleaginous microorganisms
#230Variant thioesterases and methods of use
#231COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING BETA-HYDROXY FATTY ACID ESTERS
#232Production of biofuel from tissue culture sources
#233Cell-free system for converting methane into fuel and chemical compounds
#234Compositions and methods for making and modifying oils
#235Enzymatic transesterification/esterification processes employing lipases immobilized on hydrophobic resins in the presence of water solutions
#236BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH THE AID OF AN ALKL GENE PRODUCT
#237Xylose isomerases and their uses
#238Renewable diesel and jet fuel from microbial sources
#239Amphipathic peptide-lipase conjugate having advanced lipase activity and use thereof
#240Method for producing a lipid in a fermentation process
#241BIOREACTORS CIRCULATION APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD
#242Method for preparing biodiesel
#243Fatty acid esterification process
#244PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERMENTATION PRODUCTS
#245Production of fatty alcohols with fatty alcohol forming acyl-CoA reductases (FAR)
#246ENGINE WORTHY FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER (BIODIESEL) FROM NATURALLY OCCURING MARINE MICROALGAL MATS AND MARINE MICROALGAE CULTURED IN OPEN SALT PANS TOGETHER WITH VALUE ADDITION OF CO-PRODUCTS
#247Fractionation of oil-bearing microbial biomass
#248Biodiesel production
#249METHOD FOR REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES
#250Nano biofuel production processes: using nantechnology to enhance production fo biofuels
#251PRODUCT OF FATTY ACID ESTERS FROM BIOMASS POLYMERS
#252Algae having intracellular lipid particles and high lipid content
#253Method for farming ascidians
#254Esterification Process
#255Biorefinery system, methods and compositions thereof
#256Methods for Harvesting and Processing Biomass
#257IMMOBILIZED INTERFACIAL ENZYMES OF IMPROVED AND STABILIZED ACTIVITY
#258Engineered microbes and methods for microbial oil overproduction from cellulosic materials
#259Recombinant microorganisms that make biodiesel
#260Tailored oils
#261CORE-SHELL MAGNETIC COMPOSITE AND APPLICATION ON PRODUCING BIODIESEL USING THE SAME
#262Transgenic Algae with Enhanced Oil Expression
#263Recombinant microalgae cells producing novel oils
#264Process for preparing biodiesel from renewable oil and fat catalyzed by lipase with online dehydration
#265Ethanol production in microorganisms
#266Production of fatty acids and derivatives thereof
#267Algae Biofuel Carbon Dioxide Distribution System
#268HETEROGENEOUS ENZYMATIC CATALYST, PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME AND USE FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS
#269METHODS AND PRODUCTS FOR PRODUCTION OF WAX ESTERS (U.S. NATIONAL PHASE)
#270MICROALGAE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION SYSTEM
#271METHOD OF PRODUCING BIOFUEL, BIODIESEL, AND OTHER VALUABLE CHEMICALS
#272Enzymatic modification of oil
#273Biological reduction of carbon dioxide pollutants systems and methods
#274Integrated process for the production of oil bearing for lipid extraction utilizing by-products of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) production
#275CO-PRODUCTS FROM BIOFUEL PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND METHODS OF MAKING
#276Biological Oils for Use in Compression Engines and Methods for Producing Such Oils
#277METHOD FOR PRODUCING OIL-RICH MICROALGAE AS FEEDSTOCK FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
#278Methods and compositions for the recombinant biosynthesis of fatty acids and esters
#279Purification methods and systems related to renewable materials and biofuels production
#280Genetically modified fungi and their use in lipid production
#281Industrial fatty acid engineering general system for modifying fatty acids
#282Production method for biofuel
#283PROCESS FOR OBTAINING FATTY ACID ALKYL ESTERS FROM LIPIDS IN A MEMBRANE CONTACTOR
#284Fermentation process
#285Host Cells and Methods for Producing Fatty Acid
#286COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PROMOTING FATTY ACID PRODUCTION IN PLANTS
#287Enzymatic transesterification/esterification processes employing lipases immobilized on hydrophobic resins in the presence of water solutions
#288Production of fatty alcohols with fatty alcohol forming acyl-CoA reductases (FAR)
#289Method for capture carbon and storage (CCS process) from coal fuel gas and the storage as biofuels: oil, gasoline, biodiesel, jet fuel, ethanol, and methane
#290PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL ESTERS IN SITU USING ALCOHOLS AND FATTY ACIDS PRODUCED BY MICROORGANISMS
#291Methods and compositions for producing alkanes and alkenes
#292Chemicals Produced from Oil-Bearing Microbial Biomass
#293Modified lipids produced from oil-bearing microbial biomass and oils
#294Secretion of fatty acids by photosynthetic microorganisms
#295Genetically engineered microorganisms that metabolize xylose
#296Methods, Biological Oils, Biofuels, Units, and Organisms Related to Use in Compression Engines
#297Enzymatic production of alcohol esters for recovery of diols produced by fermentation
#298Production of Cellulases and Hemicellulases in Algal Biofuel Feedstocks
#299Process for biodiesel production from a yeast strain
#300Three dimensional porous polymeric structure having a pore-size range of 1/10 to 10 times the average pore size