Patents-Review.com
ClassID:

148754 ⎘

F16D2065/1328 - CPC Classification

Classification description:

Parts or details; Braking members; Mounting thereof; Parts or details of discs or drums; Structure internal cavities, e.g. cooling channels

Recent Application in this class:
#1
20260126089
2026-05-07

Multipart Brake Disc, Friction Disc Ring Part, Securing Element, and Method for Producing a Brake Disc

 #2
20260110344
2026-04-23

BRAKE DRUM WITH INTERNALLY ARRANGED COOLING CHANNELS

 #3
20260085734
2026-03-26

BRAKE DISC ARRANGEMENT WITH ANGLED WALL PORTIONS

 #4
20260016059
2026-01-15

BRAKE ROTOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

 #5
20260009432
2026-01-08

BRAKE MODULE FOR A VEHICLE FLAP DRIVE SYSTEM, AND VEHICLE FLAP DRIVE SYSTEM

 #6
20250369495
2025-12-04

VENTILATED BRAKE DISC

 #7
20250303851
2025-10-02

COOLING SYSTEM FOR IN-WHEEL MOTOR ASSEMBLY

 #8
20250224008
2025-07-10

BRAKE DISC

 #9
20250215946
2025-07-03

Brake Rotor With Working Surface Inserts

 #10
20250116305
2025-04-10

BRAKE ELEMENT CARRIER BODY; BRAKE DISK OR BRAKE DRUM; METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BRAKE ELEMENT CARRIER BODY

 #11
20250116304
2025-04-10

BRAKING DEVICE

 #12
20250109774
2025-04-03

BRAKING DEVICE

 #13
20250102028
2025-03-27

CORROSION AND WEAR-RESISTANT BRAKE DISC AND RELATED METHODS

 #14
20250035175
2025-01-30

BRAKE ELEMENT FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BRAKE ELEMENT

 #15
20250027549
2025-01-23

WHEEL-MOUNTED BRAKE DISC FOR RAIL VEHICLES

 #16
20250012333
2025-01-09

DISC BRAKE ARRANGEMENT AND BRAKE DUST PARTICLE FILTER

 #17
20240369116
2024-11-07

BRAKE ELEMENT FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A BRAKE ELEMENT

 #18
20240352985
2024-10-24

IMPROVISED DISC BRAKE ROTOR

 #19
20240229880
2024-07-11

BRAKING BAND OF A DISC FOR DISC BRAKE OF VENTILATED TYPE

 #20
20240218910
2024-07-04

WET DISK BRAKE WITH EXTERNAL OILING

 #21
20240200625
2024-06-20

SHAPED MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

 #22
20240191761
2024-06-13

BRAKE ASSEMBLY INCLUDING EXPANDABLE ROTOR

 #23
20240133436
2024-04-25

BRAKING BAND OF A DISC FOR DISC BRAKE OF VENTILATED TYPE

 #24
20240003394
2024-01-04

Composites and methods of forming composites having friction and wear plugs

 #25
20230400076
2023-12-14

BRAKE DISC

 #26
20230323928
2023-10-12

Ventilated brake disc

 #27
20230272828
2023-08-31

DISK BRAKE DEVICE AND BRAKE PAD

 #28
20230235798
2023-07-27

BRAKE ASSEMBLY WITH THERMAL FUSE

 #29
20230204082
2023-06-29

DRUM BRAKE CONSISTING OF TWO OR MORE PARTS CONNECTED BY ISOLATING MATERIAL

 #30
20230184304
2023-06-15

BRAKE DISK WITH PROTRUSIONS

 #31
20230141095
2023-05-11

Brake disc and a vehicle

 #32
20230043908
2023-02-09

Anti-lock sensor ring, disk brake band and assembly

 #33
20230035715
2023-02-02

DISK BRAKE DISK, DISK BRAKE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD

 #34
20230008271
2023-01-12

Ventilated brake rotor

 #35
20220371558
2022-11-24

Fan to decelerate vehicle and provide cooling to friction brakes

 #36
20220364619
2022-11-17

Internally ventilated rotor

 #37
20220364616
2022-11-17

Braking band of a disc for disc brake of ventilated type

 #38
20220333655
2022-10-20

Suspension device of a motor-vehicle wheel

 #39
20220324256
2022-10-13

Axle assembly

 #40
20220290729
2022-09-15

Braking band of a disc for disc brake of ventilated type

 #41
20220275843
2022-09-01

Braking band of a disc for disc brake of ventilated type

 #42
20220260123
2022-08-18

Braking band of a disk for a disk brake of the ventilated type

 #43
20220228633
2022-07-21

Brake drum

 #44
20220196091
2022-06-23

Brake disc

 #45
20220196090
2022-06-23

Brake rotors for bicycles

 #46
20220178411
2022-06-09

Vehicle brake disc

 #47
20220145954
2022-05-12

ELECTRIC WHEEL DRIVE UNIT FOR DRIVING A WHEEL OF A MOTOR VEHICLE

 #48
20220099150
2022-03-31

BRAKE DISC ASSEMBLY AND METHOD

 #49
20220099149
2022-03-31

Pot-shaped composite brake rotor for motor vehicles

 #50
20220055875
2022-02-24

Systems for a braking assembly in a motor housing

 #51
20220042564
2022-02-10

Braking band of a disc for disc brake of ventilated type

 #52
20220018411
2022-01-20

Brake disc assembly with segments

 #53
20220018409
2022-01-20

Brake rotor with working surface inserts

 #54
20220001693
2022-01-06

Brake disc arrangement

 #55
20210387606
2021-12-16

System and method for cooling the brakes of landing gear of an aircraft

 #56
20210356007
2021-11-18

Brake rotor

 #57
20210348662
2021-11-11

Commercial Vehicle Brake Rotor

 #58
20210341024
2021-11-04

Composite brake disc for a vehicle disc brake

 #59
20210246955
2021-08-12

Bremsscheibe (brake disc)

 #60
20210239171
2021-08-05

Composites and methods of forming composites having friction and wear plugs

 #61
20210180659
2021-06-17

Braking band of a disc brake disc

 #62
20210146722
2021-05-20

Brake assemblies having a wheel hub, brake disc, and spacers

 #63
20210095732
2021-04-01

Full carbon-ceramic axle-mounted brake disc

 #64
20210062881
2021-03-04

Ventilated type brake disc rotor

 #65
20210039435
2021-02-11

Hub and rotor assembly

 #66
20210010552
2021-01-14

Braking band of a disc for a disc brake of the ventilated type

 #67
20210010550
2021-01-14

Brake disc assembly for a disc brake of a motor vehicle, and method

 #68
20200407009
2020-12-31

Bicycle disc brake rotors

 #69
20200370613
2020-11-26

Braking band of a disc for disc brake

 #70
20200347897
2020-11-05

Method for producing a brake disc, and brake disc

 #71
20200325947
2020-10-15

Designing lattice structures for heat dissipation devices

 #72
20200325946
2020-10-15

Brake disc for a disc brake and method

 #73
20200300318
2020-09-24

Ventilated braking band, assembly of ventilated brake disc and method of ventilation

 #74
20200278004
2020-09-03

Rotor assembly for a disc brake system

 #75
20200224739
2020-07-16

Three-dimensional printed disc brake rotor

 #76
20200217378
2020-07-09

Air cooling of disc brake unit by longitudinal vortex generator

 #77
20200217377
2020-07-09

Braking device

 #78
20200191214
2020-06-18

Brake disc

 #79
20200171879
2020-06-04

Wheel disc brake assembly

 #80
20200141460
2020-05-07

Brake disc and method for producing a brake disc

 #81
20200132146
2020-04-30

Brake disc with (Longitudinal Vortex Generator)

 #82
20200096066
2020-03-26

Tone ring and attachment structure

 #83
20200088254
2020-03-19

Brake disc

 #84
20200056670
2020-02-20

Disc brake, cooling control system thereof, and vehicle

 #85
20200056669
2020-02-20

Hub motor

 #86
20200049207
2020-02-13

Frictional piece

 #87
20200049206
2020-02-13

Frictional piece

 #88
20190383340
2019-12-19

Multi-piece rotor for use with an electric wheel end drive motor

 #89
20190353216
2019-11-21

Braking band of a disc for disc brake of ventilated type

 #90
20190345999
2019-11-14

Brake dust cover

 #91
20190323277
2019-10-24

Brake module for a drive system, drive system and production method for a brake module

 #92
20190285129
2019-09-19

VENTILATED BRAKE DISC

 #93
20190234473
2019-08-01

High performance disc brake rotor

 #94
20190219120
2019-07-18

Systems, devices, and methods for manufacturing carbon ceramic brake discs

 #95
20190195300
2019-06-27

Axle-mounted brake disk for a rail vehicle

 #96
20190162261
2019-05-30

Brake disc and method of producing the same

 #97
20190128350
2019-05-02

Devices and systems to prevent brake dust accumulation in drum brakes

 #98
20190113091
2019-04-18

Disc brake rotors with lattice structures

 #99
20190107160
2019-04-11

Vented brake disc

 #100
20190093719
2019-03-28

DISC BRAKES AND BRAKING SYSTEMS

 #101
20190085922
2019-03-21

Brake disk and method for producing a brake disk

 #102
20190078634
2019-03-14

Automobile having disc type hub motor

 #103
20190063526
2019-02-28

Ventilated braking band, ventilated brake disc and method of ventilation

 #104
20190056005
2019-02-21

Parking brake and anti-theft apparatus for vented disc brakes

 #105
20190054895
2019-02-21

Parking brake and anti-theft apparatus for cross-drilled brake systems

 #106
20190048950
2019-02-14

BICYCLE BRAKE DISC

 #107
20190032738
2019-01-31

Disc brake rotor

 #108
20190011004
2019-01-10

Brake rotor with decorative insert

 #109
20180372175
2018-12-27

Brake disc

 #110
20180340584
2018-11-29

Hub and rotor assembly

 #111
20180335100
2018-11-22

Brake rotor apparatus for use with vehicles

 #112
20180313417
2018-11-01

Tone ring and attachment structure

 #113
20180306260
2018-10-25

Ceramic preform and method

 #114
20180306259
2018-10-25

Brake disk for vehicles

 #115
20180298967
2018-10-18

Brake disc for a vehicle

 #116
20180298966
2018-10-18

Internally ventilated brake disk

 #117
20180298964
2018-10-18

Coulomb friction damped components and method for manufacturing same

 #118
20180283481
2018-10-04

Brake disc for motor-vehicle disc brakes

 #119
20180252282
2018-09-06

VEHICLE BRAKE ROTOR AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

 #120
20180231080
2018-08-16

Brake disc with symmetric groove pattern

 #121
20180200896
2018-07-19

Robot arm joint

 #122
20180180121
2018-06-28

Brake disc assembly

 #123
20180163802
2018-06-14

Ventilated brake disc

 #124
20180094684
2018-04-05

Brake dust cover

 #125
20180051761
2018-02-22

Brake disk having double cooling structure

 #126
20180023642
2018-01-25

Brake rotor assembly and a brake rotor weight

 #127
20170363163
2017-12-21

SEQUENTIAL ELECTROMECHANICAL BRAKE WITH ADVANCED EMERGENCY TRIPPING

 #128
20170292575
2017-10-12

Brake disc with coning-compensating arrangement

 #129
20170284489
2017-10-05

Bicycle disc brake rotor

 #130
20170227077
2017-08-10

Disc brake rotor adapter

 #131
20170191535
2017-07-06

Drum brake device and method of assembly

 #132
20170189990
2017-07-06

Metal matrix composite vehicle component and method

 #133
20170175835
2017-06-22

Surface ventilated disc brake rotor

 #134
20170152903
2017-06-01

Brake disc for a motor vehicle, brake system

 #135
20170138422
2017-05-18

Damped heatsink disk brake assembly

 #136
20170050624
2017-02-23

Vehicle brake cooling apparatus, and methods of use and manufacture thereof

 #137
20170037917
2017-02-09

Vehicle brake rotor and method of making same

 #138
20170002880
2017-01-05

Brake disk comprising cooling elements

 #139
20170002879
2017-01-05

Ventilated brake disc

 #140
20160339932
2016-11-24

Railway wheel with brake disc

 #141
20160333950
2016-11-17

Carbon ceramic brake disc and method for manufacturing the same

 #142
20160298709
2016-10-13

Ventilated brake rotors

 #143
20160298708
2016-10-13

Brake rotors with inclined posts

 #144
20160281806
2016-09-29

Brake disc with symmetric groove pattern

 #145
20160236658
2016-08-18

DISC FOR DISC BRAKES AND BRAKING SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH DISC

 #146
20160223036
2016-08-04

Ventilated brake disk for a motor vehicle

 #147
20160116010
2016-04-28

Method for making brake discs in fiber reinforced material and brake disc made with such method

 #148
20160076613
2016-03-17

Brake disc assembly for a wheel

 #149
20160017947
2016-01-21

Vented brake drum

 #150
20150354648
2015-12-10

Ventilated brake rotors

 #151
20150267768
2015-09-24

Brake disc for a vehicle with a wear indicator

 #152
20150267766
2015-09-24

Multi-plane brake rotor hat holes and method of making the same

 #153
20150267764
2015-09-24

Brake disk

 #154
20150247541
2015-09-03

Railway vehicle brake disc

 #155
20150167763
2015-06-18

Thermally compensating cast-in-place torsion joint with improved axial stiffness

 #156
20150083532
2015-03-26

Brake drum having cooling vents

 #157
20150021128
2015-01-22

Disc brake rotor for heavy-duty vehicles

 #158
20150015057
2015-01-15

Assembly connection flange and brake disc

 #159
20150014104
2015-01-15

Internally ventilated motor vehicle brake disc made of fibre composite material

 #160
20150001008
2015-01-01

System and method for brake disk assembly

 #161
20140374200
2014-12-25

Disk brake hub assembly

 #162
20140339027
2014-11-20

Assembled shaft brake disk

 #163
20140326550
2014-11-06

Brake disc

 #164
20140224602
2014-08-14

Brake disc for a disc brake of a motor vehicle

 #165
20140174863
2014-06-26

Brake disk assembly

 #166
20140158486
2014-06-12

Disc for a disc brake

 #167
20140151167
2014-06-05

Disc for a disc brake of the ventilated type

 #168
20140116822
2014-05-01

Brake disk assembly

 #169
20140102838
2014-04-17

Turbo drum for drum brakes

 #170
20140048361
2014-02-20

Brake disc for a land vehicle, and land vehicle, in particular with a brake disc of this type

 #171
20140014446
2014-01-16

Multi-chambered, liquid-cooled disc brake

 #172
20130327603
2013-12-12

Braking band and disc for a disc brake

 #173
20130327602
2013-12-12

Multi-plane brake rotor hat holes and method of making the same

 #174
20130306416
2013-11-21

Brake disc with symmetric groove pattern

 #175
20130284549
2013-10-31

Motorcycle brake disc rotor

 #176
20130284547
2013-10-31

Internally ventilated brake disk rotor

 #177
20130180808
2013-07-18

Liquid-cooled brake assembly with removable heat transfer insert

 #178
20130153344
2013-06-20

Composite disc rotor

 #179
20130146405
2013-06-13

BRAKE DISK

 #180
20130098717
2013-04-25

INTERNALLY VENTILATED BRAKE DISK

 #181
20130092486
2013-04-18

Axially and radially cooled brake disk with cover

 #182
20130075207
2013-03-28

BRAKE ROTOR AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME

 #183
20130048448
2013-02-28

Light-weight and sound-damped brake rotor and method of manufacturing the same

 #184
20130048447
2013-02-28

Mass reduction of brake rotors

 #185
20130043099
2013-02-21

Brake disc using different materials

 #186
20130037359
2013-02-14

BRAKE DISC USING TWO DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

 #187
20130008748
2013-01-10

FRICTION DISK HAVING AN ANTI-WEAR LAYER AND INTEGRATED WEAR INDICATION AND COMPOSITIONS OF THE ANTI-WEAR LAYER

 #188
20130001029
2013-01-03

Brake assembly having a mounting clip

 #189
20120312647
2012-12-13

Lightweight brake rotor and components with composite materials

 #190
20120255821
2012-10-11

Brake band for a ventilated disc brake

 #191
20120255820
2012-10-11

Segmented brake rotor with externally vented carrier

 #192
20120247884
2012-10-04

DISK BRAKE HUB ASSEMBLY

 #193
20120247883
2012-10-04

Disk brake hub assembly

 #194
20120247882
2012-10-04

Disk brake hub assembly

 #195
20120186919
2012-07-26

Molded Components Having a Visible Designer Feature and/or Improved Operational Properties via a Porous Preform

 #196
20120175202
2012-07-12

Brake disc implemented as a casting and method of making same

 #197
20120168266
2012-07-05

Braking band and disc for a disc brake

 #198
20120152668
2012-06-21

BRAKE PLATE

 #199
20120138398
2012-06-07

Self-ventilated brake disc

 #200
20120125725
2012-05-24

Brake disc ventilated

 #201
20120073917
2012-03-29

DISC-ROTOR WITH A SEPARABLE ADAPTOR

 #202
20120061191
2012-03-15

Wet-running multiple disc brake and system

 #203
20120037467
2012-02-16

Brake disc pot for motor vehicles

 #204
20110290602
2011-12-01

INTERCONNECTION FOR CAST-IN-PLACE COMPONENTS

 #205
20110278115
2011-11-17

Brake disc arrangement for disc brakes

 #206
20110259684
2011-10-27

Internally ventilated brake disc

 #207
20110259683
2011-10-27

Disc brake assembly

 #208
20110259682
2011-10-27

Brake disk

 #209
20110209823
2011-09-01

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OF CERAMIC BRAKE DISK ROTOR WITH INTERNAL COOLING CHANNEL

 #210
20110162926
2011-07-07

BRAKE DISK HAVING A BRAKE DISK POT

 #211
20110162925
2011-07-07

Brake disk

 #212
20110139553
2011-06-16

Brake assembly or clutch unit for a motor vehicle

 #213
20110120820
2011-05-26

Shaft brake disc, in particular for a rail vehicle

 #214
20110108378
2011-05-12

Braking band of a disc for a ventilated-type disc brake

 #215
20110100774
2011-05-05

Brake disc and disc brake

 #216
20110056777
2011-03-10

Bimetallic brake rotor

 #217
20100331166
2010-12-30

CARBON/SILICON CARBIDE SYSTEM COMPOSITE MATERIAL

 #218
20100282552
2010-11-11

Brake disc having ribs arranged between two friction rings

 #219
20100258392
2010-10-14

Brake disk

 #220
20100236876
2010-09-23

BRAKE LINING FOR A SINGLE-DISK OR MULTI-DISK BRAKE

 #221
20100230221
2010-09-16

Ventilated brake disc

 #222
20100206675
2010-08-19

VENTILATED DISC ROTOR

 #223
20100206674
2010-08-19

Disc Brake Rotors with Tilted Vane Geometry

 #224
20100175955
2010-07-15

Brake disk

 #225
20100116603
2010-05-13

Rotor device and method of making same

 #226
20100101902
2010-04-29

Disc rotor

 #227
20100089710
2010-04-15

BRAKE DISK

 #228
20100084231
2010-04-08

Ventilated brake disc

 #229
20100025169
2010-02-04

Brake disk for a disk brake

 #230
20090321197
2009-12-31

Aerodynamic standoffs to air cool disc type auto brake rotors

 #231
20090314591
2009-12-24

Mechanically ventilated disc brake rotor

 #232
20090294228
2009-12-03

Disc rotor for disc brake

 #233
20090272610
2009-11-05

BRAKE DISK AND MODULAR SYSTEM

 #234
20090272609
2009-11-05

Venturi Nozzle Aerodynamic Vent Design

 #235
20090260933
2009-10-22

Brake disc

 #236
20090211856
2009-08-27

PERFORMANCE DISC BRAKE SYSTEM

 #237
20090173585
2009-07-09

Brake rotor with embedded loose-mass damper system

 #238
20090095582
2009-04-16

Internally ventilated brake disk for disk brakes

 #239
20090078527
2009-03-26

Clutch for a transmission

 #240
20090078515
2009-03-26

Lightweight brake rotor and components with composite materials

 #241
20090071779
2009-03-19

Damped part with insert

 #242
20090065320
2009-03-12

Coupling assembly

 #243
20090057077
2009-03-05

Ventilated brake disk and method

 #244
20090032344
2009-02-05

Liquid-Cooled Disc Brakes

 #245
20090022938
2009-01-22

Method of manufacturing a damped part

 #246
20090020379
2009-01-22

Low mass multi-piece sound dampened article

 #247
20090020376
2009-01-22

Wheel carrier for vehicles with a disc brake

 #248
20090000884
2009-01-01

BRAKE ROTOR

 #249
20080302615
2008-12-11

Ventilated brake disc and corresponding vehicle

 #250
20080296105
2008-12-04

Tension control system for a web of material

 #251
20080289918
2008-11-27

Internally vented brake disk with improved heat dissipation

 #252
20080164110
2008-07-10

Brake disc rings with perforation holes

 #253
20080156600
2008-07-03

Backing plate and method of making

 #254
20080142319
2008-06-19

BRAKE ROTOR HAVING CORRUGATED FIN STRUCTURE

 #255
20080135359
2008-06-12

BRAKE ROTOR WITH CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE FRICTION SURFACE PLATES

 #256
20080099301
2008-05-01

Clutch for a transmission

 #257
20080087518
2008-04-17

Clutch for a transmission

 #258
20080067018
2008-03-20

Brake disk

 #259
20080017460
2008-01-24

Internally ventilated disc brake

 #260
20080010806
2008-01-17

Method and tools for the production of a braking band for a brake disk

 #261
20070284200
2007-12-13

Brake disc assembly and method of construction

 #262
20070261929
2007-11-15

Aerodynamic vented rotor

 #263
20070246314
2007-10-25

Disc for a Disc Brake

 #264
20070199778
2007-08-30

Vented disc brake rotor

 #265
20070181390
2007-08-09

Air-cooled brake rotor system

 #266
20070119667
2007-05-31

Rotor assembly and method

 #267
20070107999
2007-05-17

Ventilated disk rotor and method of manufacturing the same

 #268
20070029146
2007-02-08

Rear disc brake plate assembling device

 #269
20070023242
2007-02-01

Composite brake disk

 #270
20060260889
2006-11-23

Disc brake

 #271
20060243547
2006-11-02

Brake disc, particularly an internally ventilated brake disc

 #272
20060243546
2006-11-02

Ventilated disc braking band for a disc brake

 #273
20060225970
2006-10-12

Drum brake

 #274
20060219500
2006-10-05

Vented disc brake rotor

 #275
20060175160
2006-08-10

Interface disc for a torque and/or rotational control apparatus

 #276
20060175159
2006-08-10

Method for the production of a brake disk and brake disk

 #277
20060086579
2006-04-27

Disc brake rotor

 #278
20060086578
2006-04-27

Divided disk brake arrangement

 #279
20060076200
2006-04-13

Coulomb friction damped disc brake rotors

 #280
20060061011
2006-03-23

Orientated carbon nanotube composite, process for producing orientated carbon nanotube, and, produced using orientated carbon nanotube composite, pneumatic tire, wheel for vehicle, tire wheel assembly and disk brake

 #281
20060037820
2006-02-23

Drum furnished with ventilation means, and brake furnished with such a drum

 #282
20050284712
2005-12-29

Disk-brake disk

 #283
20050279595
2005-12-22

Refrigerant-cooled rotor

 #284
20050269174
2005-12-08

Center mount two piece brake rotor

 #285
20050269173
2005-12-08

Apparatus for controlling the coning in a brake rotor

 #286
20050263358
2005-12-01

Hatless brake rotor

 #287
20050217948
2005-10-06

Cast brake disc

 #288
20050183909
2005-08-25

Disc brake rotor assembly and method for producing same

 #289
20050173204
2005-08-11

Brake disk/hub combination and intermediate elements for a brake disk/hub combination

 #290
20050145453
2005-07-07

Disk brake

 #291
20050145447
2005-07-07

Energy converting brake system

 #292
20050126870
2005-06-16

Assembly comprised of a brake disk with a hub

 #293
20050126869
2005-06-16

Disk type brake structure

 #294
20050051393
2005-03-10

Internally-ventilated brake disks with improved cooling

 #295
20050029060
2005-02-10

Brake disc for a disc brake

 #296
15591988
2018-07-24

Brake disc structure