ClassID:

159473

F25B2500/01 - CPC Classification

Classification description:

Problems to be solved Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size

Recent Application in this class:
#1
20260002715
2026-01-01

MANIFOLD

#2
20260002714
2026-01-01

CASCADE REFRIGERANT LINE SET

#3
20250271181
2025-08-28

CRYOGENIC COOLING SYSTEM

#4
20250207834
2025-06-26

CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM MINIMUM COMPRESSOR SPEED BASED ON REFRIGERANT LINE DIAMETER

#5
20240344743
2024-10-17

Cryogenic cooling system

#6
20240318743
2024-09-26

ELECTRIC EXPANSION VALVE

#7
20240230112
2024-07-11

AIR CONDITIONER INDOOR UNIT AND AIR CONDITIONER

#8
20230406067
2023-12-21

THERMAL CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE

#9
20230175784
2023-06-08

Device for use in refrigeration or heat pump system, and refrigeration or heat pump system

#10
20230160614
2023-05-25

Air conditioning device

#11
20220333859
2022-10-20

Refrigeration device and system

#12
20220333828
2022-10-20

Refrigeration device and facility

#13
20220282894
2022-09-08

Liquid receiver, and vehicle-use air conditioning device condenser including the liquid receiver

#14
20220113063
2022-04-14

Variable geometry ejector for cooling applications and cooling system comprising the variable geometry ejector

#15
20220049879
2022-02-17

Vapor compression system

#16
20220042729
2022-02-10

Electric expansion valve

#17
20220042724
2022-02-10

Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle apparatus

#18
20210003325
2021-01-07

Refrigeration cycle apparatus

#19
20200343430
2020-10-29

Thermoelectric power generation device

#20
20200256603
2020-08-13

Suction conduit flow control for lubricant management

#21
20200203790
2020-06-25

System for controlling the temperature of an electrical energy storage device

#22
20200166253
2020-05-28

Heat exchanger, and refrigeration cycle apparatus

#23
20200149828
2020-05-14

Refrigerant distributor, heat exchanger, and refrigeration cycle apparatus

#24
20200030715
2020-01-30

Drain valve and valve arrangement

#25
20200018502
2020-01-16

Air conditioner selection system

#26
20200009693
2020-01-09

Air conditioner

#27
20190293355
2019-09-26

Microchannel-type aluminum heat exchanger and method of manufacturing the same

#28
20190226733
2019-07-25

Refrigerator

#29
20190212040
2019-07-11

CONVERGING SUCTION LINE FOR COMPRESSOR

#30
20190203988
2019-07-04

Heat source unit for refrigeration apparatus

#31
20190203985
2019-07-04

Channeled condenser ballast

#32
20190178543
2019-06-13

Accumulator and oil separator

#33
20190178540
2019-06-13

LIQUID CHILLER SYSTEM WITH EXTERNAL EXPANSION VALVE

#34
20190170374
2019-06-06

Air conditioner

#35
20190162454
2019-05-30

Air-conditioning apparatus

#36
20190137154
2019-05-09

Collective device for switching refrigerant flow

#37
20190137121
2019-05-09

Compact dehumidifier

#38
20190128623
2019-05-02

Heat exchanger and refrigeration cycle apparatus having heat exchanger

#39
20190086130
2019-03-21

Refrigeration circuit

#40
20190086126
2019-03-21

Apparatus for heat transfer, utilizing the Joule Thomson (JT) effect, for crowning upon heat-emitting devices

#41
20190072302
2019-03-07

SORPTION HEAT TRANSFER MODULE

#42
20190072300
2019-03-07

Thermoelectric heat pump type air conditioner

#43
20190056153
2019-02-21

Method and apparatus for control of fluid temperature and flow

#44
20190027671
2019-01-24

Thermoelectric conversion element and thermoelectric conversion module

#45
20190011186
2019-01-10

Evaporator fins in contact with end bracket

#46
20180363962
2018-12-20

Economizer and refrigeration system having the same

#47
20180356135
2018-12-13

Internal temperature adjusting device

#48
20180328632
2018-11-15

Heat pump system

#49
20180313550
2018-11-01

Air conditioner

#50
20180274831
2018-09-27

Converging suction line for compressor

#51
20180266740
2018-09-20

Drain valve and valve arrangement

#52
20180259226
2018-09-13

Air conditioner

#53
20180224167
2018-08-09

Small refrigerant receiver for use with thermostatic expansion valve refrigeration system

#54
20180164038
2018-06-14

Evaporator fins in contact with end bracket

#55
20180149394
2018-05-31

Liquid chiller system

#56
20180135893
2018-05-17

Turbo refrigeration apparatus

#57
20180073784
2018-03-15

Heat pump with interleaved evaporator/condenser arrangement

#58
20180051920
2018-02-22

Discharge gas manifold for use with multiple compressors

#59
20170356678
2017-12-14

Miniature low-vibration active cooling system with conical rotary compressor

#60
20170343246
2017-11-30

CLOSED CYCLE CRYOGEN RECIRCULATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

#61
20170328614
2017-11-16

Heat exchange apparatus and air conditioner using same

#62
20170328603
2017-11-16

Refrigeration system including micro compressor-expander thermal units

#63
20170321935
2017-11-09

Compressor module

#64
20170299284
2017-10-19

Refrigerant diverter

#65
20170284707
2017-10-05

ABSORPTION CHILLER

#66
20170276410
2017-09-28

Heat exchanger and air conditioner comprising the heat exchanger

#67
20170268809
2017-09-21

Flash tank and air conditioner having the same

#68
20170234585
2017-08-17

Refrigerant cooling and lubrication system with refrigerant vapor vent line

#69
20170191714
2017-07-06

Vapor compression system

#70
20170191713
2017-07-06

Vapor compression system

#71
20170191201
2017-07-06

Vapor-liquid separator and clothes treating apparatus having the same

#72
20170184331
2017-06-29

Oil separator

#73
20170176074
2017-06-22

Suction conduit flow control for lubricant management

#74
20170176065
2017-06-22

HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE

#75
20170176064
2017-06-22

Heat exchanger with water box

#76
20170176063
2017-06-22

Heat exchanger for a vapor compression system

#77
20170167766
2017-06-15

Outdoor heat exchanger and air conditioner comprising the same

#78
20170159660
2017-06-08

Compression device

#79
20170146272
2017-05-25

Refrigerant cooling and lubrication system with refrigerant source access from an evaporator

#80
20170102010
2017-04-13

Ejector using swirl flow

#81
20170089620
2017-03-30

Refrigerant cooling and lubrication system

#82
20170074565
2017-03-16

Surged heat pump systems and methods of defrosting an evaporator

#83
20170067675
2017-03-09

ACCUMULATOR AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS

#84
20170059217
2017-03-02

Liquid chiller system

#85
20170059213
2017-03-02

Refrigeration system including micro compressor-expander thermal units

#86
20170059211
2017-03-02

Miniature low-vibration active cooling system with conical rotary compressor

#87
20170038106
2017-02-09

Throttle device

#88
20170016657
2017-01-19

Accumulator

#89
20160377332
2016-12-29

Refrigerant channel switching unit

#90
20160348951
2016-12-01

Heat exchanger

#91
20160320105
2016-11-03

Heat pump apparatus

#92
20160313038
2016-10-27

External separator

#93
20160313034
2016-10-27

Adsorber and adsorption refrigerator

#94
20160298889
2016-10-13

Expansion valve with a two-step variable orifice area

#95
20160290692
2016-10-06

Caulking fixation type power element and expansion valve using the same

#96
20160282023
2016-09-29

Refrigerant distribution device and cooling apparatus

#97
20160252288
2016-09-01

Refrigerator

#98
20160238294
2016-08-18

Refrigeration circuit with oil separation

#99
20160231037
2016-08-11

Expansion valve and pipe mounting structure thereof

#100
20160223233
2016-08-04

Expansion valve

#101
20160216016
2016-07-28

Ejector having an atomization mechanism and heat pump apparatus

#102
20160201957
2016-07-14

Expansion valve with a variable orifice area

#103
20160201661
2016-07-14

Sealed compressor and freezer device or refrigerator equipped with same

#104
20160195317
2016-07-07

Expansion valve comprising a stop element

#105
20160195310
2016-07-07

Device for improving the efficiency of a heat exchange system

#106
20160187049
2016-06-30

Air-Conditioning apparatus

#107
20160178242
2016-06-23

Apparatus for improving the efficiency of a heat exchange system

#108
20160169236
2016-06-16

Turbo compressor and turbo refrigerator

#109
20160146521
2016-05-26

Refrigeration cycle apparatus

#110
20160138835
2016-05-19

Turbo refrigerator

#111
20160116190
2016-04-28

Turbo refrigerator

#112
20160040916
2016-02-11

Condenser

#113
20160025396
2016-01-28

Refrigeration circuit control system

#114
20160010913
2016-01-14

Surged heat pump systems and methods

#115
20150360543
2015-12-17

Refrigerant circuit for a vehicle air-conditioning system and method of air-conditioning a vehicle interior

#116
20150354863
2015-12-10

Refrigerant cooling and lubrication system with refrigerant vapor vent line

#117
20150345842
2015-12-03

Air conditioner

#118
20150330681
2015-11-19

Evaporator

#119
20150316325
2015-11-05

Low pressure chiller

#120
20150292758
2015-10-15

Air-conditioning apparatus and method of designing same

#121
20150241093
2015-08-27

Water heater appliances and methods for operating same

#122
20150192328
2015-07-09

Method and apparatus for control of fluid temperature and flow

#123
20150184954
2015-07-02

Plate heat exchanger

#124
20150184901
2015-07-02

One-piece part including a magnetocaloric material including an alloy including iron and silicon and at least one lanthanide, and method for manufacturing said one-piece part

#125
20150184900
2015-07-02

One-piece part including a magnetocaloric material not including an alloy including iron and silicon and a lanthanide, and heat generator including said part

#126
20150176864
2015-06-25

Air-conditioning apparatus

#127
20150143831
2015-05-28

Refrigeration devices including temperature-controlled container systems

#128
20150137512
2015-05-21

Connection pipe and methods of manufacturing and using a connection pipe for an evaporator of a refrigeration device

#129
20150118538
2015-04-30

Refrigerant distributor for a hybrid or electric vehicle, and refrigerant circuit having a refrigerant distributor

#130
20150107288
2015-04-23

Removal device for a fluid

#131
20150096315
2015-04-09

Flash tank economizer for two stage centrifugal water chillers

#132
20150075214
2015-03-19

Liquefier for a heat pump and heat pump

#133
20150033791
2015-02-05

Ejector

#134
20150013368
2015-01-15

Expansion valve for a refrigeration cycle

#135
20140373569
2014-12-25

Refrigerating cycle device

#136
20140360221
2014-12-11

Circular evaporating coil with backward inclined blower wheel with a vertical axis rotatable discharge shroud

#137
20140345318
2014-11-27

Ejector-type refrigeration cycle device

#138
20140338367
2014-11-20

Cryogenic refrigerator

#139
20140318165
2014-10-30

Refrigeration apparatus for executing a pump down

#140
20140298849
2014-10-09

Discharge manifold for use with multiple compressors

#141
20140116073
2014-05-01

Method for operating an adsorption compressor and adsorption compressor for use in said method

#142
20140109609
2014-04-24

Drainage structure for corrugated-fin heat exchanger

#143
20140109604
2014-04-24

Ejector mixer

#144
20140054016
2014-02-27

Condenser

#145
20140026596
2014-01-30

Cryogenic refrigerator

#146
20140020419
2014-01-23

Component for solar adsorption refrigeration system and method of making such component

#147
20140000300
2014-01-02

Cooling system and cooling method

#148
20130305776
2013-11-21

Ejector having nozzles and diffusers imparting tangential velocities on fluid flow

#149
20130263612
2013-10-10

Refrigeration system

#150
20130255294
2013-10-03

Charge Port For Microchannel Heat Exchanger Systems

#151
20130233013
2013-09-12

Air conditioner with grooved inner heat exchanger tubes and grooved outer heat exchanger tubes

#152
20130225059
2013-08-29

Method and apparatus for control of fluid temperature and flow

#153
20130219953
2013-08-29

Coolant condenser assembly

#154
20130206379
2013-08-15

Air conditioner

#155
20130199766
2013-08-08

Air conditioner with grooved inner heat exchanger tubes and grooved outer heat exchanger tubes

#156
20130199765
2013-08-08

Air conditioner

#157
20130199764
2013-08-08

Refrigerant guiding pipe and heat exchanger having refrigerant guiding pipe

#158
20130192808
2013-08-01

Refrigerant guiding pipe and heat exchanger having refrigerant guiding pipe

#159
20130192285
2013-08-01

Refrigerator

#160
20130180268
2013-07-18

Low refrigerant volume condenser for hydrocarbon refrigerant and ice making machine using same

#161
20130174589
2013-07-11

Surged heat pump systems

#162
20130139539
2013-06-06

Air-conditioning apparatus

#163
20130087204
2013-04-11

Pressure correcting distributor for heating and cooling systems

#164
20130086925
2013-04-11

Cryogenic refrigerator

#165
20130067936
2013-03-21

Cryogenic refrigerator

#166
20130036761
2013-02-14

DAMPER STRUCTURE OF ADSORPTION TYPE REFRIGERATOR

#167
20130014540
2013-01-17

Heat exchange device and communication tube used in the same

#168
20130000348
2013-01-03

EJECTOR, MOTIVE FLUID FOAMING METHOD, AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS

#169
20120318894
2012-12-20

Ejector

#170
20120297800
2012-11-29

Supersonic Cooling Nozzle Inlet

#171
20120285185
2012-11-15

Refrigeration storage in a refrigerant vapor compression system

#172
20120234023
2012-09-20

CRYOGENIC REFRIGERATOR

#173
20120227946
2012-09-13

Condenser having a refrigerant reservoir assembly containing a desiccant bag

#174
20120198876
2012-08-09

Refrigeration system

#175
20120151888
2012-06-21

Oil separator

#176
20120118005
2012-05-17

AIR-CONDITIONING APPARATUS

#177
20120085124
2012-04-12

JET PUMP AND AIR CONDITIONER

#178
20120085123
2012-04-12

REFRIGERATION MODULE AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

#179
20120074130
2012-03-29

MAGNETOCALORIC HEAT APPLIANCE COMPRISING A MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATOR

#180
20120067070
2012-03-22

LOW TEMPERATURE HEAT PUMP

#181
20120047940
2012-03-01

LOW CHARGE HEAT EXCHANGER IN A SEALED REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

#182
20120031586
2012-02-09

Condenser

#183
20120017636
2012-01-26

REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS

#184
20120006041
2012-01-12

Refrigerating device

#185
20110314852
2011-12-29

Air conditioner with electromagnetic induction heating unit

#186
20110314850
2011-12-29

THIN-WALLED SELF-SUPPORTING CUBOID VACUUM CONTAINER FOR SORPTION MACHINES, ESPECIALLY ADSORPTION MACHINES

#187
20110314841
2011-12-29

Heat pump and method of operation

#188
20110308270
2011-12-22

DUAL AIR CONDITIONER FOR VEHICLE

#189
20110259042
2011-10-27

Evaporator unit

#190
20110232326
2011-09-29

EVAPORATOR FOR A REFRIGERATOR

#191
20110219806
2011-09-15

REFRIGERATION APPLIANCE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SHELVES

#192
20110209494
2011-09-01

Direct expansion ammonia refrigeration system and a method of direct expansion ammonia refrigeration

#193
20110192184
2011-08-11

Air-conditioning apparatus and relay unit

#194
20110186277
2011-08-04

Condenser with first header tank and second header tank provided on one side of the condenser

#195
20110180235
2011-07-28

MICROSCALE HEAT OR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER SYSTEM

#196
20110167851
2011-07-14

Refrigerant cycle device with ejector

#197
20110155817
2011-06-30

EXPANSION VALVE

#198
20110154846
2011-06-30

Cooling apparatus condenser, and a cooling apparatus including the same

#199
20110139794
2011-06-16

Flash tank design and control for heat pumps

#200
20110132020
2011-06-09

Heat exchanger and heat pump device using the same

#201
20110126570
2011-06-02

COLD APPLIANCE

#202
20110113820
2011-05-19

HEAT TRANSFER TUBE FOR HEAT EXCHANGER, HEAT EXCHANGER, REFRIGERATING CYCLE APPARATUS, AND AIR CONDITIONER

#203
20110107789
2011-05-12

Liquefier for a heat pump and heat pump

#204
20110107787
2011-05-12

Vertically arranged heat pump and method of manufacturing the vertically arranged heat pump

#205
20110100605
2011-05-05

Cooling device and system

#206
20110079040
2011-04-07

REFRIGERATING CYCLE DEVICE AND AIR CONDITIONER

#207
20110061845
2011-03-17

HEAT EXCHANGER

#208
20110061423
2011-03-17

Ejector

#209
20110056669
2011-03-10

Heat Transfer Device

#210
20110048063
2011-03-03

Component for solar adsorption refrigeration system and method of making such component

#211
20110041528
2011-02-24

COOLER DISTRIBUTOR FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER

#212
20110035062
2011-02-10

Refrigeration apparatus and method for controlling the same

#213
20110030403
2011-02-10

Heat exchanger unit

#214
20110017438
2011-01-27

Multi-channel heat exchanger with improved uniformity of refrigerant fluid distribution

#215
20110011118
2011-01-20

REFRIGERATOR

#216
20110011106
2011-01-20

REFRIGERATOR

#217
20110011105
2011-01-20

Oil separator

#218
20110001413
2011-01-06

Refrigerator and hinge assembly of the same

#219
20100326640
2010-12-30

Double-wall-tube heat exchanger

#220
20100307190
2010-12-09

Refrigeration system

#221
20100281913
2010-11-11

Refrigeration system

#222
20100252246
2010-10-07

HEAT EXCHANGER AND AIR CONDITIONER HAVING THE SAME AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF THE SAME

#223
20100251735
2010-10-07

REFRIGERATOR, AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING OPERATION OF THE SAME

#224
20100243223
2010-09-30

Evaporator

#225
20100237270
2010-09-23

Expansion valve

#226
20100236283
2010-09-23

Refrigerant Accumulator

#227
20100230082
2010-09-16

IN-LINE HEAT-EXCHANGER AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME

#228
20100229582
2010-09-16

Refrigeration System

#229
20100218925
2010-09-02

Evaporator fins in contact with end bracket

#230
20100218550
2010-09-02

ACCUMULATOR

#231
20100218533
2010-09-02

Air conditioner with internally grooved heat exchanger tubes optimized for an indoor heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger

#232
20100206002
2010-08-19

Refrigeration circuit

#233
20100186935
2010-07-29

Heat exchanger

#234
20100186439
2010-07-29

Fluid machine and refrigeration cycle apparatus

#235
20100186434
2010-07-29

Automotive thermostatic expansion valve with reduced hiss

#236
20100180625
2010-07-22

Refrigerator related technology

#237
20100175422
2010-07-15

Dual evaporator unit with integrated ejector having refrigerant flow adjustability

#238
20100132400
2010-06-03

Unit for ejector-type refrigeration cycle, and refrigeration cycle device using the same

#239
20100132382
2010-06-03

Method and apparatus for orientation independent compression

#240
20100126212
2010-05-27

BINARY FLUID EJECTOR AND METHOD OF USE

#241
20100115987
2010-05-13

Evaporator

#242
20100096016
2010-04-22

Method and apparatus for control of fluid temperature and flow

#243
20100089550
2010-04-15

Process and apparatus for transferring heat from a first medium to a second medium

#244
20100083691
2010-04-08

Refrigeration capacity banking for thermal cycling

#245
20100065770
2010-03-18

Expansion valve, in particular for a cooling-medium system

#246
20100064712
2010-03-18

Refrigerated display merchandiser with microchannel evaporator oriented to reliably remove condensate

#247
20100037642
2010-02-18

COMPRESSOR CAPACITY CONTROL OPERATION MECHANISM AND AIR CONDITIONER PROVIDED WITH SAME

#248
20100024454
2010-02-04

Refrigeration apparatus with reduced constraints on placement of utilization unit relative to heat source unit

#249
20100018246
2010-01-28

Internal heat exchanger assembly

#250
20090320500
2009-12-31

Cooling apparatus for electronic device

#251
20090314022
2009-12-24

Refrigerant flow divider

#252
20090301112
2009-12-10

Direct expansion ammonia refrigeration system and a method of direct expansion ammonia refrigeration

#253
20090294097
2009-12-03

Method and Apparatus for Heating or Cooling

#254
20090283247
2009-11-19

Evaporator unit

#255
20090272137
2009-11-05

Oil return for a direct exchange geothermal heat pump

#256
20090249825
2009-10-08

Chemical heat pump working with a hybrid substance

#257
20090249810
2009-10-08

EVAPORATOR

#258
20090242810
2009-10-01

Pressure control valve

#259
20090241591
2009-10-01

Heat converter for condensation and refrigeration system using the same

#260
20090241577
2009-10-01

Chiller unit, refrigeration system having chiller unit and air conditioner having chiller unit

#261
20090232665
2009-09-17

Ejector

#262
20090229304
2009-09-17

Ejector device and refrigeration cycle apparatus using the same

#263
20090218077
2009-09-03

Air-conditioner with multi-stage compressor and phase separator

#264
20090217687
2009-09-03

Refrigeration system

#265
20090211294
2009-08-27

FROZEN PRODUCT MACHINE

#266
20090188276
2009-07-30

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

#267
20090188270
2009-07-30

Ultra-low temperature freezer, refrigeration system and vacuum apparatus

#268
20090178418
2009-07-16

Refrigerator and/or freezer

#269
20090173478
2009-07-09

FROST TOLERANT FINS

#270
20090173102
2009-07-09

Condenser

#271
20090145152
2009-06-11

Refrigerant piping unit and method of manufacturing pipe for the same

#272
20090126398
2009-05-21

Refrigeration Apparatus

#273
20090120125
2009-05-14

Refrigerating device comprising tubular evaporators

#274
20090120109
2009-05-14

Actuating Device for Self Cooling Packaging

#275
20090107171
2009-04-30

Evaporator unit having tank provided with ejector nozzle

#276
20090107164
2009-04-30

Refrigerant accumulation and oil recovery device for refrigerant fluid recovery/regeneration/recharging systems

#277
20090100849
2009-04-23

AIR CONDITIONER

#278
20090100848
2009-04-23

Electronic device cooling system and electronic device cooling apparatus

#279
20090084130
2009-04-02

Oil-returning device and accumulator

#280
20090084129
2009-04-02

HEAT EXCHANGER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE APPARATUS HAVING THE SAME

#281
20090071188
2009-03-19

Oil separator and refrigerant compressor having the same

#282
20090065173
2009-03-12

Direct exchange heating/cooling system

#283
20090064709
2009-03-12

Dual compressor air conditioning system with oil level regulation

#284
20090064708
2009-03-12

Oil separator for air conditioner

#285
20090064691
2009-03-12

Goods presentation refrigerator with air flow provisions for preventing condensation on door

#286
20090013704
2009-01-15

Two-stage decompression ejector and refrigeration cycle device

#287
20090007571
2009-01-08

Peltier cooling systems with high aspect ratio

#288
20080314557
2008-12-25

Thermoelectric device and heat sink assembly with reduced edge heat loss

#289
20080314075
2008-12-25

Collection container for a heat exchanger and associated heat exchanger

#290
20080307815
2008-12-18

Foul-Resistant Finned Tube Condenser

#291
20080302131
2008-12-11

Evaporator

#292
20080296002
2008-12-04

Heat exchanger core, heat exchanger, and evaporator of refrigeration cycle apparatus

#293
20080282730
2008-11-20

Heat exchanger module

#294
20080282727
2008-11-20

Coolant Collection Comprising a Filterdryer Unit

#295
20080282717
2008-11-20

Expansion valve having a grooved valve member and refrigeration device including the same

#296
20080282713
2008-11-20

Oil Management System

#297
20080271479
2008-11-06

Refrigerant evaporator

#298
20080264097
2008-10-30

Unit for ejector type refrigeration cycle

#299
20080256970
2008-10-23

More energy efficient cooling system by utilizing defrosting water

#300
20080251742
2008-10-16

Pressure Control Valve