ClassID:

177703

G03G15/0887 - CPC Classification

Classification description:

Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer; Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer Arrangements for conveying and conditioning developer in the developing unit, e.g. agitating, removing impurities or humidity

Sub-classes:
Recent Application in this class:
#1
20260023336
2026-01-22

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#2
20250370379
2025-12-04

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#3
20250164922
2025-05-22

DEVELOPING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

#4
20250102954
2025-03-27

CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#5
20250102952
2025-03-27

CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#6
20250044721
2025-02-06

CARTRIDGE USED IN IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#7
20250013172
2025-01-09

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#8
20240427262
2024-12-26

TONER CONTAINER AND IMAGE FORMING SYSTEM

#9
20240345518
2024-10-17

CONTROL OF DRIVE UNIT ACCORDING TO DETECTION OF AMOUNT OF TONER IN TONER REFILL CARTRIDGE

#10
20240316953
2024-09-26

MEDIUM PROCESSING APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING SYSTEM INCORPORATING SAME

#11
20240176271
2024-05-30

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#12
20240176270
2024-05-30

DEVELOPING DEVICE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#13
20240004328
2024-01-04

Image forming apparatus and cartridge

#14
20230400796
2023-12-14

Toner container and image forming apparatus

#15
20230375957
2023-11-23

Image formation apparatus

#16
20230367241
2023-11-16

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#17
20230324829
2023-10-12

Toner container and image forming system

#18
20230314982
2023-10-05

Cartridge used in image forming apparatus

#19
20230305441
2023-09-28

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#20
20230259051
2023-08-17

Developer conveying mechanism, and developing device and image forming apparatus provided therewith

#21
20230259050
2023-08-17

Techniques and mechanisms for supplying toner to an image forming apparatus

#22
20230205126
2023-06-29

Image forming apparatus

#23
20230083576
2023-03-16

Toner classification apparatus and toner production method

#24
20230082471
2023-03-16

TONER PROCESSING APPARATUS AND TONER PRODUCTION METHOD

#25
20230067852
2023-03-02

Developer supplying apparatus that communicates with wireless tag, image forming apparatus, and developer storage container

#26
20230062417
2023-03-02

CARTRIDGE INCLUDING DEVELOPING DEVICE AND TONER CONTAINER BETWEEN WHICH TONER CAN BE CIRCULATED

#27
20220404739
2022-12-22

Toner cartridge and image forming apparatus including a screw to convey toner in the cartridge, an elastic member to loosen the toner, and a means to discharge toner together with air to the outside of the cartridge

#28
20220373928
2022-11-24

Developing device having a partition member and image forming apparatus

#29
20220373927
2022-11-24

Developing device and image forming apparatus with separately driven elements

#30
20220350274
2022-11-03

Image forming apparatus including brush for surface of developer supplying member

#31
20220350270
2022-11-03

Image forming apparatus and image forming system

#32
20220317595
2022-10-06

Toner container including a rotatable container body, a gear, and a held portion

#33
20220308497
2022-09-29

Powder transport device, powder container, powder supply device, and powder utilization apparatus

#34
20220291608
2022-09-15

Image forming apparatus

#35
20220269192
2022-08-25

Cartridge used in image forming apparatus

#36
20220146962
2022-05-12

CARRIER LIQUID FILTRATION UTILIZING ELECTRIC FIELDS

#37
20220137529
2022-05-05

Toner container information acquiring method, toner container sorting method, toner container pulverizing method, toner container processing method, and toner container manufacturing method

#38
20220128936
2022-04-28

Image forming apparatus that adds a predetermined image to a region with a variable width that is equal to or less than a width of a heat generating region

#39
20220082961
2022-03-17

DEVELOPER SUPPLY CONTAINER AND DEVELOPER SUPPLYING SYSTEM

#40
20220026829
2022-01-27

Image forming apparatus with mechanism for supplying the image forming apparatus with toner

#41
20220019157
2022-01-20

Toner storage case, image forming apparatus

#42
20210373461
2021-12-02

Cartridge and image forming apparatus

#43
20210373460
2021-12-02

Toner cartridge for an image forming apparatus including a pump to discharge toner by putting air into the toner discharge chamber

#44
20210373459
2021-12-02

Sheet conveying apparatus, sheet cooling apparatus and image forming system

#45
20210364968
2021-11-25

Image forming apparatus and recording medium

#46
20210302874
2021-09-30

Image forming apparatus with a drive motor to drive a toner conveyance part and overcurrent prevention thereof

#47
20210181667
2021-06-17

Image forming apparatus with movable cam

#48
20210165357
2021-06-03

Image forming apparatus, paper conveyance method, and non-transitory computer readable medium using both speed and position control

#49
20210124284
2021-04-29

Image forming apparatus with a mechanism for supplying toner for forming an image, and method thereof

#50
20210063932
2021-03-04

Image forming apparatus having motor controller, paper conveyance method, and non-transitory computer readable medium

#51
20210055680
2021-02-25

Image forming device, developer stirring method and non-transitory recording medium

#52
20210033999
2021-02-04

Image forming apparatus having a fixing portion in which a heat generating region can be changed in a longitudinal directon of a heater

#53
20200379380
2020-12-03

Cleaning device and image forming apparatus

#54
20200354179
2020-11-12

Image forming apparatus to ensure workability in removing a sheet in a conveyance path

#55
20200310294
2020-10-01

DEVELOPING DEVICE, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#56
20200301351
2020-09-24

Image forming apparatus with rotation-controllable photosensitive drum and movable developing roller

#57
20200224002
2020-07-16

Conductive urethane foam and toner supply roller

#58
20200209780
2020-07-02

Cartridge used in image forming apparatus

#59
20200110350
2020-04-09

Developing device including a movable magnetic member and image forming apparatus therewith

#60
20200096924
2020-03-26

Image forming apparatus including a speed changing unit

#61
20200073298
2020-03-05

Image forming apparatus having air blowing on a sheet

#62
20200073281
2020-03-05

SHEET CONVEYING APPARATUS, DOCUMENT READING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#63
20200012212
2020-01-09

Toner stirring device and image forming apparatus

#64
20190377275
2019-12-12

Method and apparatus for reducing contamination in liquid electrophotographic printing

#65
20190294077
2019-09-26

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#66
20190227465
2019-07-25

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#67
20190227459
2019-07-25

Image forming apparatus

#68
20190219951
2019-07-18

Developing device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus incorporating same

#69
20190187588
2019-06-20

Developing apparatus

#70
20190163124
2019-05-30

Cooling unit for an image forming apparatus

#71
20190121259
2019-04-25

Toner case, image forming apparatus

#72
20190121258
2019-04-25

Toner container, image forming apparatus

#73
20190101849
2019-04-04

Developing apparatus and process cartridge

#74
20190086851
2019-03-21

Method for controlling density of image to be formed by image forming apparatus having developer and humidity sensors

#75
20190086835
2019-03-21

Image forming apparatus

#76
20190064702
2019-02-28

Toner container, image forming unit, and image forming apparatus

#77
20190064695
2019-02-28

Developing device having a bearing supported feeding screw

#78
20190033750
2019-01-31

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#79
20190011877
2019-01-10

Image forming apparatus

#80
20190011856
2019-01-10

Developer storage container and image forming apparatus including the same

#81
20180364633
2018-12-20

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#82
20180359380
2018-12-13

Image forming apparatus communicably connected to an external measurement device that measures a measurement image for a calibration operation, and a related image processing apparatus

#83
20180335717
2018-11-22

Image formation apparatus and image formation method

#84
20180314190
2018-11-01

Imaging apparatus and double-sided printing paper conveying unit thereof

#85
20180284650
2018-10-04

Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus

#86
20180259902
2018-09-13

Developing device, image forming apparatus, and airflow controlling device

#87
20180253030
2018-09-06

Image forming apparatus and developing device that conveys air to exhaust port

#88
20180253027
2018-09-06

Image forming apparatus and developer supply device with first and second transport members configured to transport developer at different speeds

#89
20180224769
2018-08-09

Developing apparatus having developer distribution control

#90
20180181027
2018-06-28

Toner case and image forming apparatus

#91
20180181026
2018-06-28

Toner case and image forming apparatus

#92
20180164728
2018-06-14

Image forming apparatus

#93
20180164715
2018-06-14

Image forming apparatus and toner case

#94
20180157204
2018-06-07

Image forming apparatus

#95
20180150026
2018-05-31

Image forming apparatus that cools inside of apparatus

#96
20180143560
2018-05-24

Image forming apparatus, image forming method and non-transitory computer-readable recording medium encoded with image forming program

#97
20180129150
2018-05-10

Unit having a developer conveying member and a filter for a chamber

#98
20180129149
2018-05-10

Stirring/conveying member, and developing device and image forming apparatus therewith

#99
20180081299
2018-03-22

Developing device including a capturing member and image forming apparatus

#100
20180067418
2018-03-08

Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus having developer movement apparatus

#101
20180059616
2018-03-01

Paper humidifier and image forming system

#102
20180059582
2018-03-01

Image forming apparatus and carrier separating device

#103
20180059573
2018-03-01

Developing device and image forming apparatus including a regulating member

#104
20180032025
2018-02-01

Cleaning device and image forming apparatus

#105
20180024467
2018-01-25

Developer case and image forming apparatus including the same

#106
20180017890
2018-01-18

Developing device with spaces between toner supply port and development housing disposed to prevent aggregation of toner and image forming apparatus provided with same

#107
20180017887
2018-01-18

Developing device and image forming apparatus provided with same

#108
20180017882
2018-01-18

Method and apparatus for reducing contamination in liquid electrophotographic printing

#109
20180011424
2018-01-11

Developing device and image forming apparatus including the same

#110
20170357184
2017-12-14

Developing device, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus having developer supply member passing through developing opening

#111
20170357183
2017-12-14

Toner container including joint coupled with image forming apparatus

#112
20170357178
2017-12-14

Toner container, image forming apparatus

#113
20170343928
2017-11-30

Developing apparatus

#114
20170299983
2017-10-19

Developer supply container and developer supplying system

#115
20170285520
2017-10-05

Developing apparatus and process cartridge

#116
20170285519
2017-10-05

Driving mechanism that controls state of motion conversion mechanism in desired state, and image forming apparatus including the same

#117
20170227889
2017-08-10

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#118
20170227866
2017-08-10

Magnetic carrier, two-component developer, replenishing developer, and image-forming method

#119
20170212448
2017-07-27

Developing device including exhaust passage and blocking member and image forming apparatus

#120
20170115606
2017-04-27

Image forming apparatus having reverse developer feeding

#121
20170115601
2017-04-27

CHARGED POWDER SUPPLY DEVICE

#122
20170108801
2017-04-20

Feeding device

#123
20170045842
2017-02-16

Developer-supplying container

#124
20170023881
2017-01-26

Developing device including a toner receiving member vibrated by a vibration generation device, and image forming apparatus including the same

#125
20160306294
2016-10-20

Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus having opposite direction developer conveying portions

#126
20160131996
2016-05-12

Image forming apparatus and developer supply method

#127
20160070205
2016-03-10

Developing device, visible-image-forming device, and image forming apparatus

#128
20160062272
2016-03-03

Image forming apparatus

#129
20160018759
2016-01-21

DEVELOPER CONVEYING DEVICE, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#130
20160016179
2016-01-21

Powder purging apparatus and method

#131
20150331360
2015-11-19

Transporting apparatus, developing apparatus and image forming apparatus

#132
20150316872
2015-11-05

Method to operate a printer given exchange of a reservoir

#133
20150277287
2015-10-01

Image forming apparatus

#134
20150227082
2015-08-13

Developer container, image forming unit and image forming apparatus

#135
20150212451
2015-07-30

Developing device, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus having developer supply member passing through the developing opening

#136
20150185664
2015-07-02

Toner replenishment mechanism with simple constitution, image forming apparatus with toner replenishment mechanism, and toner replenishment control method

#137
20150139696
2015-05-21

Developing device

#138
20150139671
2015-05-21

Developer pump with restricted detection time and image forming device

#139
20150139669
2015-05-21

Image forming apparatus and image forming system with cartridge capacity dependent transport force

#140
20150117907
2015-04-30

Cartridge and lid member for cartridge

#141
20150063878
2015-03-05

Agitating mechanism, toner container, and image forming apparatus

#142
20150030354
2015-01-29

Development device, and image forming apparatus

#143
20150016848
2015-01-15

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#144
20140376970
2014-12-25

Development device, and process cartridge and image forming apparatus including same

#145
20140356032
2014-12-04

DEVELOPING ROLLER, DEVELOPING DEVICE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#146
20140248061
2014-09-04

Developer replenishing device to transport developer from developer container, image forming apparatus including same, and conveyance device to transport powder or fluid from container

#147
20140233984
2014-08-21

Development device including a removable seal to seal a supplied-developer and/or a collected-developer communicating area

#148
20140212166
2014-07-31

Developer container with sealing member having a plurality of holes and rotatable member having a plurality of projections contactable with the sealing member

#149
20140199097
2014-07-17

Toner delivery system for a shake-free toner cartridge

#150
20140169838
2014-06-19

DEVELOPER SUPPLY CONTAINER AND DEVELOPER SUPPLYING SYSTEM

#151
20140161490
2014-06-12

Development device and image forming apparatus including the same

#152
20140147174
2014-05-29

Developer case and image forming apparatus

#153
20140105652
2014-04-17

Powder accommodation container, image forming apparatus and manufacturing method of the image forming apparatus

#154
20140105651
2014-04-17

Powder accommodation container, image forming apparatus and manufacturing method of the image forming apparatus

#155
20130322929
2013-12-05

Powder accommodation container and image forming apparatus

#156
20130259537
2013-10-03

Powder accommodation container, image forming apparatus and manufacturing method of the image forming apparatus

#157
20130259497
2013-10-03

Image formation apparatus and method of adjusting developer discard amount for the same

#158
20130230333
2013-09-05

Image forming apparatus

#159
20130170873
2013-07-04

Toner delivery system for a shake-free toner cartridge

#160
20130064560
2013-03-14

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS HAVING STABLE IMAGE DENSITY

#161
20130051881
2013-02-28

COMBINED WASTE COLLECTION AND TONING STATION

#162
20130051862
2013-02-28

ANGLED MAGNETIC AUGER FOR A DEVELOPER STATION

#163
20130051861
2013-02-28

ANGLED MAGNETIC AUGER FOR A DEVELOPER STATION

#164
20130045029
2013-02-21

Development device, and process cartridge and image forming apparatus including same in which an angle formed using an end face of a buffer area is smaller than an angle of twist of a spiral blade

#165
20130017000
2013-01-17

Electrophotographic developer toner replenishment apparatus

#166
20120251140
2012-10-04

Image forming apparatus, stirring unit and process cartridge

#167
20120189355
2012-07-26

Image forming apparatus

#168
20120189350
2012-07-26

Development device, developer container, and image forming apparatus

#169
20120177390
2012-07-12

Image forming unit and apparatus that performs stand-by charging of toner

#170
20120163872
2012-06-28

Developing device, image forming apparatus, developer agitating and conveying method

#171
20120155892
2012-06-21

Image forming apparatus with developing device, sensor, and controller

#172
20120134720
2012-05-31

Developer supply container and developer supplying system

#173
20120134719
2012-05-31

Developer supply container including projection for regulating mounting attitude

#174
20120134718
2012-05-31

Developer supply container and developer receiving apparatus

#175
20120134717
2012-05-31

Developer supply container including a portion for regulating mounting attitude thereof

#176
20120051791
2012-03-01

Development device and image forming apparatus incorporating same

#177
20120014719
2012-01-19

Developing device and image forming apparatus having the developing device

#178
20120014718
2012-01-19

DEVELOPING DEVICE, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD

#179
20110311279
2011-12-22

Developing device and image formation apparatus

#180
20110311278
2011-12-22

Developer supply device and image forming apparatus having the same

#181
20110311261
2011-12-22

Development apparatus and image forming apparatus having the same

#182
20110236039
2011-09-29

Image forming apparatus and removable cartridge

#183
20110188880
2011-08-04

Cooling device and image forming apparatus including the same

#184
20110182610
2011-07-28

Development device and image forming apparatus

#185
20110176839
2011-07-21

Image forming unit and image forming apparatus

#186
20110142465
2011-06-16

DEVELOPING APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#187
20110103842
2011-05-05

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#188
20110091228
2011-04-21

Developing device, image forming apparatus, and image forming structure

#189
20110070539
2011-03-24

Electrostatic-image-developing toner, electrostatic image developer, image forming apparatus, and image forming method

#190
20110064461
2011-03-17

Photosensitive member cartridge, developer cartridge and process cartridge

#191
20110058824
2011-03-10

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#192
20110052219
2011-03-03

Image forming apparatus

#193
20110033208
2011-02-10

Developing device usable with image forming apparatus and developer delivery device thereof including a plurality of rotatable delivery members

#194
20110013943
2011-01-20

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#195
20100322672
2010-12-23

Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus provided with the same

#196
20100322671
2010-12-23

Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus provided with the same

#197
20100322670
2010-12-23

Developing device and image forming apparatus using the same

#198
20100278564
2010-11-04

Developer supply container and developer supplying system

#199
20100260510
2010-10-14

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#200
20100247154
2010-09-30

DEVELOPER STATION WITH AUGER SYSTEM

#201
20100232841
2010-09-16

Method for developing an electrostatic latent image

#202
20100232838
2010-09-16

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#203
20100202805
2010-08-12

Development device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

#204
20100196056
2010-08-05

Developing device, image forming apparatus, and cleaning method for the developing device

#205
20100183341
2010-07-22

DEVELOPING DEVICE, DEVELOPING METHOD, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

#206
20100124714
2010-05-20

DEVELOPING AGENT, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD

#207
20100098447
2010-04-22

Developing apparatus and image forming apparatus

#208
20100008701
2010-01-14

Image forming apparatus, developing device and developer discharge mechanism

#209
20090310985
2009-12-17

Image forming device having a trickle developing apparatus

#210
20090310984
2009-12-17

Developing apparatus and image forming machine

#211
20090290887
2009-11-26

Developing apparatus and image forming machine

#212
20090269098
2009-10-29

Developing device and image forming apparatus having the same

#213
20090180813
2009-07-16

Developer supplier, image forming apparatus, developer supplying method and image forming method

#214
20090175636
2009-07-09

Image forming apparatus with toner discharge method

#215
20090169248
2009-07-02

Photosensitive member cartridge, developer cartridge and process cartridge

#216
20090153921
2009-06-18

Image forming device and method for controlling toner temperature on photoreceptor when a toner image is exposed to light

#217
20090148193
2009-06-11

Developing device

#218
20090142107
2009-06-04

Development device, image forming apparatus and development method

#219
20090142105
2009-06-04

Image forming apparatus comprising a vibration applying member

#220
20090142078
2009-06-04

Image forming cartridge, image forming apparatus and toner cartridge

#221
20090136257
2009-05-28

Development device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

#222
20090129813
2009-05-21

Developer supply container and developer supplying system

#223
20090123174
2009-05-14

Image forming apparatus and image forming method including transporting developer using an airflow generator

#224
20090117481
2009-05-07

TONER FOR ONE-COMPONENT DEVELOPER

#225
20090080942
2009-03-26

Image forming device having a developing material case with a moving vibrating region

#226
20090080941
2009-03-26

Image forming device having developing material case and a vibrator for vibrating carrying electrodes and controller for changing the frequency of vibration

#227
20090003889
2009-01-01

Developer unit, process device and image forming apparatus

#228
20080279583
2008-11-13

Photosensitive member cartridge, developer cartridge and process cartridge

#229
20080240792
2008-10-02

Developing device and image forming apparatus equipped with the same

#230
20080240790
2008-10-02

Developing device and developer cartridge

#231
20080232849
2008-09-25

Image forming method

#232
20080219709
2008-09-11

Toner metering apparatus

#233
20080212988
2008-09-04

Image forming apparatus including a toner discharge operation

#234
20080193170
2008-08-14

Developing unit having developer feeding plate and image forming apparatus having the same

#235
20080193168
2008-08-14

Image forming apparatus and developer supplying device to improve printing quality

#236
20080175626
2008-07-24

Developing device, process unit, and image forming apparatus which prevents ingrass of the developing agent in the vicinity of the developing member

#237
20080170882
2008-07-17

Photosensitive member cartridge, developer cartridge and process cartridge

#238
20080145067
2008-06-19

Image forming apparatus and detachable developer container with wireless communication therebetween

#239
20080138116
2008-06-12

Developer purification station or structure

#240
20080063434
2008-03-13

Developing-agent container, method of manufacturing developing-agent container, developing-agent supplying device, and image forming apparatus

#241
20070280738
2007-12-06

Image forming apparatus having developer with opposite polarity particles

#242
20070253721
2007-11-01

Image forming apparatus and image forming method

#243
20070212122
2007-09-13

Development apparatus, image forming apparatus and development method

#244
20070206973
2007-09-06

Image forming apparatus, method for forming an image, computer-readable storage medium, and computer system

#245
20070086809
2007-04-19

Toner container, and image forming apparatus

#246
20070047982
2007-03-01

Image forming apparatus, method for forming an image, computer-readable storage medium, and computer system

#247
20070003313
2007-01-04

Image forming apparatus with flexible tube for cooling air and guide channel for flexible tube

#248
20060269331
2006-11-30

Dry ink developer station warmer for improved dry ink charge control and dry ink concentration stability

#249
20060177241
2006-08-10

Image forming apparatus and removable cartridge

#250
20060133859
2006-06-22

Developing device using specific charging unit for charging toner and image forming device adopting the same

#251
20060029423
2006-02-09

Photosensitive member cartridge, developer cartridge and process cartridge with at least one engaging portion

#252
20060029422
2006-02-09

Photosensitive member cartridge, developer cartridge and process cartridge that are capable of being attachable/detachable using at least one projecting portion

#253
20060029421
2006-02-09

Developer cartridge structured to have a predetermined distance between a first axis and a second axis

#254
20060029420
2006-02-09

Developer cartridge with an extension portion

#255
20060029419
2006-02-09

Attachable/detachable guiding member, developer cartridge including attachable/detachable guiding member and process cartridge including attachable/detachable guiding member

#256
20060029418
2006-02-09

Photosensitive member cartridge, developer cartridge and process cartridge

#257
20050265751
2005-12-01

Developing device, process cartridge and image forming apparatus loaded therewith

#258
20050207794
2005-09-22

Image forming apparatus and toner stirring method

#259
20050207793
2005-09-22

Image forming apparatus

#260
20050084280
2005-04-21

Heating system for a developer housing

#261
20050001897
2005-01-06

Color image formation apparatus

#262
17411646
2022-06-07

Powder transporting device and image forming apparatus

#263
17133710
2022-03-22

Image forming apparatus with improved development

#264
15715662
2018-08-07

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#265
14887759
2016-10-04

Developing device and image forming apparatus

#266
14887719
2016-07-12

Image forming apparatus with transport devices having differing configurations

#267
14845724
2016-07-26

Image forming apparatus, image forming method, and non-transitory computer readable medium

#268
14810573
2016-07-05

Developing device including a first transport path and a second transport path including a plurality of flow paths and image forming apparatus