Service synchronization in retain home path scenarios in a control plane network

System and method for virtual network topologies and VPN in multi-layer networks

Low cost gain clamped EDFA for TWDM passive optical network application

Transmission device

All-optical time slice switching method and system based on time synchronization

Optical drop device, optical drop method, and optical add device

Network design apparatus, network design method, and storage medium storing network design program

High frequency optical processing

Multiplexer with aptical add/drop

Optical processing device and optical processing method

Time multiplexed space switch

System and method for controlling a difference in optical phase and an optical signal transmitter

Method for providing high connectivity communications over a packet-switched optical ring network using composite packets

Fiber input power selection for probabilistically shaped signals in optical networks