232198 ⎘
Details of connection covered by , not provided for in its groups Applications of wireless loudspeakers or wireless microphones
A HEARING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING IF THE HEARING DEVICE IS WORN BY A USER
#302AUDIO-BASED NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION
#303SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AUTHENTICATING AND CALIBRATING PASSIVE SPEAKERS WITH A GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
#304WIRELESS HEADSET
#305SOUND SYSTEM
#306CONTROL METHOD OF CEILING MICROPHONE
#307OWS EARPHONE WITH ANC FUNCTION
#308Dynamic Earbud Profile
#309EARPHONE WITHOUT COVERING AN EAR CANAL
#310WEARABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPRISING MICROPHONE MODULE
#311FIRST ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR RECEIVING POWER FROM SECOND ELECTRONIC DEVICE, METHOD THEREFOR, AND SECOND ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR TRANSMITTING POWER TO FIRST ELECTRONIC DEVICE
#312COVERT SPORTS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
#313ENVIRONMENT-CONTROLLED PET SHELTER
#314SPEAKER SELECTION IN CALLING AND CONFERENCING
#315HEARING AID DEVICE
#316HEADPHONE DEVICE COUPLED TO WIRELESS EARPHONES, OPERATING METHOD THEREFOR, AND WIRELESS EARPHONES
#317IN-EAR WIRELESS DEVICE
#318EAR BUD ACTIVE USE CHARGING SYSTEM AND METHOD
#319MODULAR COMMUNICATION DEVICE
#320TWS EARPHONE ASSEMBLY CAPABLE OF SELECTIVELY EXECUTING TES TREATMENT FUNCTION
#321VOLUME CONTROL SYSTEM AND VOLUME CONTROL METHOD
#322DISPLAY DEVICE
#323LOUDSPEAKER APPARATUS
#324LOW-LATENCY WIRELESS AUDIO STREAMING
#325SECURE CHARGING CASE FOR WIRELESS EARBUDS
#326IN-EAR HEADPHONE
#327Battery Configuration for Directing Relative H-field Distributions
#328NEXT Microphone
#329BLUETOOTH DATA FORWARDING
#330DOCK FOR A CRADLE FOR EARBUDS
#331MICROPHONE ANTENNA SYSTEM INCLUDING WINDSHIELD STRUCTURE
#332Headset Communication System
#333CORE MODULES AND EARPHONES
#334ULTRASONIC PROXIMITY SENSORS, AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS
#335A personal audio unit and manufacturing method thereof
#336Hearing Sensitivity Acquisition Methods and Devices
#337DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEM AND METHOD
#338PORTABLE MAGNETIC WIRELESS SPEAKER SYSTEM
#339HEADSET SYSTEM FOR TRAINING, HEADSET ADAPTER AND OPERATION METHOD THEREOF
#340SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PAIRING A HEARING DEVICE AND AN APPLIANCE
#341SYSTEM FOR LOCATING AN AUDIO EVENT
#342WIRELESS EARPHONE AND A MOBILE PHONE
#343WIRELESS EARPHONE
#344DYNAMIC PORTABLE SPEAKER GROUPING
#345Method and system for providing assistive listening
#346WIRELESS AUDIO RECEIVING DEVICE, WIRELESS AUDIO TRANSMITTING DEVICE, AND WIRELESS AUDIO SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME
#347MAGNETIC EARPHONES HOLDER
#348MODULAR EAR-CUP AND EAR-BUD
#349AUDIO PROCESSING PLUG-IN EFFECTS FOR VEHICLES AND ASSOCIATED USER INTERFACE
#350DYNAMIC CONFIGURATION AND CONTROL OF A SPEAKER-LIGHT ARRAY
#351Wireless Transmission to Satellites for Multichannel Audio System
#352HEADSET SUPPORTING RADIO FREQUENCY BROADCAST SIGNALS AND BLUETOOTH AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS
#353HEARING AID FOR LEISURE SPORTS
#354DISPLAY DEVICE AND VOLUME ADJUSTMENT METHOD
#355REMOVABLE POWER SOURCE MODULE FOR CUSTOM HEARING INSTRUMENTS
#356LOUDSPEAKER DEVICE
#357ELECTRONIC DEVICES
#358HEADPHONE WITH TOUCHSCREEN
#359IN-EAR WIRELESS DEVICE
#360SCALABLE MULTIUSER AUDIO SYSTEM AND METHOD
#361METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPECTRAL EXPANSION OF AN AUDIO SIGNAL
#362Earpiece advisor
#363METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HEADBAND GESTURE SENSING WITH ANALOG PRESSURE SENSOR FOR A WIRELESS HEADSET DEVICE
#364CHARGING CASE AND EARPHONE ASSEMBLY
#365SPEAKER SYSTEM FOR BATH AND SHOWER ENVIRONMENTS
#366SPEAKER AND SHOWER
#367ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONFIGURING EXTENDED DISPLAY OF ELECTRONIC DEVICE
#368SPORTING EVENT TELEVISION BROADCAST EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEM
#369WIRELESS EARBUD COMPRISING ANTENNA
#370HEARING DEVICE AND METHOD OF PROVIDING BROADCASTED AUDIO STREAM
#371SMART NOISE POLLUTION REDUCTION OF BLUETOOTH BASED DEVICES
#372HEADPHONES
#373CAPACITIVE IN EAR DETECT ON EARPHONES
#374TRANSMITTING MESSAGES TO A DISPLAY DEVICE BASED ON DETECTED AUDIO OUTPUT
#375BROADCAST TECHNIQUES FOR MULTI-CHANNEL HOME THEATER
#376SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF DISTRIBUTING AND PLAYING BACK LOW-FREQUENCY AUDIO CONTENT
#377DUAL BAND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS FOR MULTIPLE CONCURRENT AUDIO STREAMS
#378LISTENING APPARATUS, CONTROL METHOD OF LISTENING APPARATUS, AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM
#379WEARABLE SPEAKER
#380Playback Device with Conforming Capacitive Touch Sensor Assembly
#381Shielded case for wireless earpieces
#382SWAPPING ROLES BETWEEN UNTETHERED WIRELESSLY CONNECTED DEVICES
#383ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING NOISE CANCELLING FUNCTION OF WIRELESS AUDIO DEVICE IN ELECTRONIC DEVICE
#384DATA PROCESSING AND ELECTRONICS MANAGEMENT IN MULTI-ZONE AUDIO AMPLIFIERS
#385IMMERSIVE STORYTELLING SLEEP TENT
#386Wireless Earpiece with a Passive Virtual Assistant
#387CONTROL AND USER INTERFACE FEATURES OF MULTI-ZONE AUDIO AMPLIFIERS
#388Electronic Devices for Focused Listening
#389PERIPHERAL DEVICE SLOT SELECTION FOR MICROPHONE DATA
#390SPATIAL AUDIO NAVIGATION
#391IMMERSIVE STORYTELLING SLEEP TENT
#392Method and System for Selective Audio Playback on A Loudspeaker and A Headset
#393METHOD, DEVICE, AND SYSTEM OF AN EARPHONE HAVING INCREASED COMFORT THROUGH EXTERNAL-FACING CHARGING CONNECTIONS, ENHANCED CONTROLS THROUGH DIRECTION AND/OR MOTION EVALUATION, AND/OR ACCURATE PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURE EXTRACTION THROUGH AUDIO-MOTION SENSOR CORRELATION
#394LOW-LATENCY HOST-SYNCHRONIZED RECEIVER OF A WIRELESS AUDIO SYSTEM
#395BLUETOOTH SPEAKER TABLE LAMP WITH ESSENTIAL OIL AROMATHERAPY
#396Clock Synchronization and Latency Reduction in an Audio WMAS
#397WIRELESS BLUETOOTH EARPHONE COMPRISING REPLACEABLE BATTERY
#398EEG Monitoring Headphones and Headsets
#399Wooden or other dielectric capacitive touch interface and loudspeaker having same
#400LOCATION-BASED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INITIATING WIRELESS DEVICE ACTION
#401WIRELESS INTER-ROOM COORDINATION OF AUDIO PLAYBACK
#402Passive Speaker Authentication
#403EARBUDS
#404EARPHONE, ASSEMBLY JIG, AND EARPHONE MANUFACTURING METHOD
#405WEARABLE DEVICE
#406CHARGING DEVICE FOR NECK HANGING TWS EARPHONES
#407AUDIO SHARING METHOD, USER DEVICE AND AUDIO PLAYING DEVICE
#408WIRELESS EARBUD COMPRISING AN IMPROVED EARBUD CUSHION SYSTEM PROVIDING A CONTROLLABLE FASTENING MECHANISM INSIDE AN EAR CANAL
#409Method and system for streaming a multichannel audio signal to a binaural hearing system
#410AUDIO DATA PROCESSING METHOD AND APPARATUS
#411WIRELESS SOUND DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF
#412Display System Based On Controllable Broadcast Audio
#413VOICE-CONTROLLED ELECTRONIC DEVICE
#414Intelligent music lamp string
#415HEADREST APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING SURROUND SOUND EXPERIENCE
#416A SPEAKER SYSTEM
#417SMART ROUTING FOR AUDIO OUTPUT DEVICES
#418AUDIO PLAYBACK METHOD AND DEVICE
#419WIRELESS EARPHONES AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF, COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND STORAGE MEDIUM
#420WEARABLE DEVICE, SOUND PICKUP METHOD, AND APPARATUS
#421SOUND DEVICE
#422EARPHONE BOX-ENTERING DETECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS, AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM
#423ACOUSTIC OUTPUT APPARATUS
#424HEADSET WITH INTERNAL GIMBAL
#425AUDIO SYSTEM FOR MRI
#426WIRELESS CHARGER FOR PLAYBACK DEVICES
#427CHARGING CIRCUIT INCLUDING SWITCHING CONVERTER, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME
#428Wireless audio data transmission method and related device
#429ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SYNCHRONIZATION WITH ANOTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICE IN WIRELESS ENVIRONMENT
#430WIRELESS EARPHONE ASSEMBLY
#431ACOUSTIC OUTPUT APPARATUS AND METHODS THEREOF
#432SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTING AND PROVIDING ZONE-SPECIFIC MEDIA
#433Determination and Compensation of Radio Frequency Signal Attenuation
#434BLUETOOTH EARHOOK MICROPHONE APPARATUS AND NOTIFICATION METHOD THEREOF
#435HEARING AID AND COCHLEAR IMPLANT WIRELESS SYSTEM
#436LOUDSPEAKER BOX WITH FLOATING DISPLAY
#437Content Mixing
#438SPEAKER DEVICE
#439EarBuds Wireless Device and System Thereof
#440BELT-PACK
#441NOISE REDUCING TWS EARPHONE WITH MULTI-SPEAKERS
#442WIRELESS HEADPHONE SET AND CONTROL METHOD FOR WIRELESS HEADPHONE SET
#443ACOUSTIC OUTPUT APPARATUS
#444SILENT INTRAORAL SPEECH SENSING WITH AUDIO FEEDBACK
#445Smart Headphones with User Authentication
#446WIRELESS AUDIO RECEIVING DEVICE, WIRELESS AUDIO TRANSMITTING DEVICE, AND WIRELESS AUDIO SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME
#447BLUETOOTH AUDIO PLAYBACK METHOD, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND STORAGE MEDIUM
#448MICROPHONE HEAD CONNECTOR ADAPTER
#449METHODS AND APPARATUS TO MONITOR A MEDIA PRESENTATION
#450COMMUNICATIVE PET COLLAR DEVICE
#451ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPRISING GROUND STRUCTURE USING SPEAKER ASSEMBLY
#452BLUETOOTH SPEAKER NETWORKING SYSTEM AND INTERCONNECTION BROADCASTING METHOD THEREOF
#453AUDITORY DEVICE SOURCE DETECTION AND RESPONSE
#454Acoustic Earring
#455Acoustic Ear-Hook
#456Mobile System Including Base Station and Wireless Earbud
#457SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SYNCHRONIZING TRANSMISSION OF WIRELESS DATA
#458Ear Protector Device
#459OPEN EARPHONE
#460CELLULAR CHIPSET EMBEDDED UNDER SCALP
#461BELT AUDIO SYSTEM
#462AUDIO FOR PORTABLE AUDIO DEVICE VIA AN ACCESS POINT BASED ON BATTERY STATUS
#463HEADBORAD FOLD-OUT CONSOLE WITH HEIGHT-ADJUSTABLE SLIDING HINGE
#464Wireless Earpieces for Hub Communications
#465DYNAMIC AUDIO SPATIALIZATION
#466AUDIO SPEAKER COORDINATION SYSTEM
#467FORCE-ACTIVATED STYLUS
#468ACOUSTIC OUTPUT APPARATUS
#469WEARABLE DEVICE COMPRISING ANTENNA USING MICROPHONE GRILL
#470System and Method for Populating Electronic Medical Records with Wireless Earpieces
#471ACOUSTIC SEAT
#472PATCH-TYPE BONE CONDUCTION EARPHONE FOR AMPLIFYING AUDIO POWER
#473FRONT OF THE EAR HEARING DEVICE WITH BIOSENSORS
#474Personal audio unit and manufacturing method thereof
#475ELECTRONIC DEVICE INCLUDING SENSOR MODULE
#476SOUND PRODUCING DEVICES
#477SMART PHONE NETWORK FOR HEARING IMPAIRED
#478POWER TOOL SYSTEM
#479Synchronous Playback Of Media Content By Off-Net Portable Playback Devices
#480Consumer Device with Dual Wireless Links and Mixer
#481Bluetooth Stereo Speaker Hoverboard with Voice Control
#482HEARING EFFECT CALIBRATION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EARPHONE, AND DEVICE AND MEDIUM
#483SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SELECTIVELY POWERING TV REMOTE MICROPHONES
#484ACOUSTIC OUTPUT DEVICE
#485SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTING A CLOUD HOSTED DEVELOPMENT MODULE
#486DEVICE NETWORKING AND AUDIO CHANNEL CONFIGURATION METHOD, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE
#487Method and Apparatus for Communication Connection, Electronic Device, and Wireless Transmission System
#488Managing Earpieces For Presenting An Audio Stream
#489ACOUSTIC RECORDING DEVICE HAVING WI-FI TO MULTICAST AUDIO
#490PROTECTIVE, MULTIFUNCTION EARBUD SYSTEM
#491SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REMOTELY CONTROLLING LOCAL AUDIO DEVICES IN A VIRTUAL MULTITRACK RECORDING SYSTEM
#492SELECTABLE MAGNETIC CONTACTLESS SWITCH
#493Diversity Bluetooth System and Method
#494SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BROADCASTING AUDIO
#495CONTACT AND ACOUSTIC MICROPHONES FOR VOICE WAKE AND VOICE PROCESSING FOR AR/VR APPLICATIONS
#496WIRELESS AUDIO OUTPUT DEVICES
#497SPEAKER SYSTEM WITH EXCHANGEABLE ELECTRONIC UNIT
#498SYSTEMS AND METHODS INCLUDING WIRELESS DATA PACKET RETRANSMISSION SCHEMES
#499Measurement of Facial Muscle EMG Potentials for Predictive Analysis Using a Smart Wearable System and Method
#500TWS INCLUDING PLANAR SPEAKER INCORPORATING CIRCUIT-EMBEDDED VIBRATOR, DYNAMIC SPEAKER, AND MICROPHONE
#501ANTENNA DESIGNS FOR HEARING INSTRUMENTS
#502EARPHONE APPARATUS AND WEARING DETECTION METHOD
#503Systems and Methods for Control of an Acoustic Environment
#504POWER MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTED AUDIO PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR PLAYBACK DEVICES
#505DUAL PORT CONSTRAINED ACOUSTIC VOLUME
#506EARBUDS COUPLED TO SMART GLASSES
#507METHOD, DEVICE, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CONTROLLING AND MANAGING STATE OF PERIPHERAL DEVICE IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, AND RECORDING MEDIUM THEREFOR
#508ELECTRONIC FURNITURE SYSTEMS WITH INTEGRATED INDUCTION CHARGER
#509AUDIO PROCESSING METHOD AND APPARATUS
#510Wireless Surround Sound System With Common Bitstream
#511HEARING DEVICE COMPRISING A PARTITION
#512Spatial Antenna Diversity Techniques
#513TRANSLATOR FOR ACCESS TO SMART LOCKS
#514Media Sharing Community
#515IMAGE PICKUP APPARATUS HAVING MICROPHONES
#516Assistive listening device and system and method for providing hearing assistance
#517Wireless Earbud Charging
#518Bistable hinge for portable wireless listening device case
#519WEARABLE DEVICE
#520MAGNETIC FIELD AUDIO LOOP FOR SWIMMING POOLS
#521Cake decoration system with finger controller
#522Outdoor Speaker System
#523MAGNETIC EARPHONES HOLDER
#524METHODS, ELECTRONIC DEVICES, AND READABLE STORAGE MEDIUMS FOR DETECTION
#525Sound Amplifier System with Speaker Selection
#526Playback Device Grouping
#527DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EXPANDING 7-CHANNEL AUDIO BY USING RADIO TRANSMISSION
#528Method and system for acoustic communication of data
#529ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR
#530Systems and methods for coordinated playback of analog and digital media content
#531WIRELESS AUDIO SYSTEM
#532AUDIO PROCESSING SYSTEM AND AUDIO PROCESSING METHOD
#533SPEAKER SYSTEM FOR AN IN-THE-EAR HEARING DEVICE
#534DEFORMABLE STRUCTURE, WEARABLE DEVICE, AND WEARABLE DEVICE USAGE METHOD
#535Headset With Improved Headband And Method For Manufacturing The Headset
#536EAR-WORN ELECTRONIC DEVICE INCORPORATING GESTURE CONTROL SYSTEM USING FREQUENCY-HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSMISSION
#537Headphone Interaction with Media Playback System
#538ACOUSTIC OUTPUT DEVICE AND COMPONENTS THEREOF
#539APPARATUS FOR AUDIO TRANSMISSION FOR A SPORTS FIELD
#540PORTABLE SPEAKER WITH AUTOMATIC DETECTING INPUT CHANNEL
#541AIR FLOW CONTROL VALVE STRUCTURE FOR AUDIO DEVICE
#542Hearable with On-Head Detection using a Single Optical Sensor
#543CHARGING CASE FOR WIRELESS EARBUDS AND WIRELESS EARBUD ASSEMBLY
#544METHOD FOR SENSING WEARING OF ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE
#545WIRELESS AUDIO STREAMING SYSTEM FOR SWIMMERS AND UNDER WATER APPLICATIONS
#546ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE SUPPRESSION METHOD
#547WIRELESS EARPHONE CASE WITH ANTI-LOSS FUNCTION FOR SMARTPHONE
#548Techniques to reduce time to music for a playback device
#549ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR TINNITUS MANAGEMENT, AND OPERATING METHOD THEREFOR
#550Method and system for transmitting audio signals
#551Default Playback Device Designation
#552HEAD-MOUNTABLE FRAME, HEAD-MOUNTABLE BLUETOOTH HEADPHONE, AND HELMET
#553ACOUSTIC OUTPUT DEVICES
#554CONTROL DEVICE THAT PROVIDES TACTILE STIMULUS
#555DIGITAL SIGNATURE USING PHONOMETRY AND COMPILED BIOMETRIC DATA SYSTEM AND METHOD
#556Audio Output Device with Hardware Volume Control
#557Un-Tethered Wireless Audio System
#558MAGNETIC EARPHONES HOLDER
#559WIRELESS EARPIECE WITH SINGLE VENT
#560Audio System Equalizing
#561PATIENT RESPIRATORY MASK WITH INTEGRATED MICROPHONE AND METHOD OF PATIENT COMMUNICATION UTILIZING THE SAME
#562DISTRIBUTED AUDIO PROCESSING FOR AUDIO DEVICES
#563Force-Activated Earphone
#564Wooden or other dielectric capacitive touch interface and loudspeaker having same
#565SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BLUETOOTH ® CLONING AND SWITCHING SYSTEM AMONG PLURAL PAIRED INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES
#566TRUE WIRELESS HEADPHONES WITH IMPROVED USER INTERFACE TO AN EXPERIENTIAL ECO-SYSTEM AND RELATED DEVICES, METHODS, AND SYSTEMS
#567Audio Configuration
#568POWER MANAGEMENT IN LOW POWER WIRELESS LINK IN A HEARING AID SYSTEM
#569LOUDSPEAKER APPARATUS
#570EXTENDING ANTENNA EARTH PLANE
#571HEADPHONES
#572Power over ethernet (PoE) powered smart speaker
#573ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING LUMINANCE OF DISPLAY ON BASIS OF ANGLE FORMED WITH EARBUD, AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM
#574Electronic Device Audio Adjustment
#575EARPHONES AND EARPHONE SYSTEM
#576STEREO NETWORKING METHOD, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AUDIO DEVICE, AND STORAGE MEDIUM
#577Multi-modal audio processing
#578LOUDSPEAKER APPARATUS
#579Earpiece with GPS receiver
#580POWER MANAGEMENT OF THE MODULAR EAR-CUP AND EAR-BUD
#581AUDIO COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PROXIMATE DEVICES
#582DISPLAY DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD THEREFOR
#583DATA STREAM TRANSMISSION METHOD, DEVICE, COMMUNICATION APPARATUS, AND STORAGE MEDIUM
#584TRANSMISSION DEVICE, RECEPTION DEVICE, AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF
#585HIGH-PRECISION ALIGNMENT FEATURES FOR AUDIO TRANSDUCERS
#586DEVICE FOR EASILY ADDING A PORTABLE SPEAKER TO AN EXISTING AUTOMOBILE SOUND SYSTEM
#587SOUND PROVIDING METHOD USING EARPHONE SET AND EARPHONE SET
#588LOUDSPEAKER DEVICE
#589RINGED-SHAPED BIOMETRIC EARPIECE
#590SMART WIRELESS CAMERA EARPHONES
#591Wireless stereo headset with bidirectional diversity
#592TWO-WAY RADIO DEVICE FOR HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES
#593Method, device and computer program for controlling audio data in wireless communication system, and recording medium therefor
#594CONTROL AND CONFIGURATION FOR WIRELESS AUDIO DEVICES
#595BRAIN WAVE INDUCTION METHOD
#596SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WIRELESSLY CONNECTED AUDIOMETER HEADSETS, INTERFACE DEVICES, AND ADMINISTRATOR DEVICES
#597Spatial Audio Head Tracker
#598Binaural Rendering Interactions
#599Spatial Audio Head Tracker
#600Binaural Rendering Interactions