A refrigeration cycle is a refrigeration cycle using a mixed refrigerant which is a flammable refrigerant and which contains at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), and includes a compressor (1), a heat-source-side heat exchanger (3), an expansion mechanism (4), a use-side heat exchanger (2), and a decompression mechanism (7). The decompression mechanism (7) decompresses, between an inlet and an outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger (3), the mixed refrigerant flowing through the heat-source-side heat exchanger (3) that functions as an evaporator.
Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction solidification of gases
Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
F25B9/00IPC
Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a refrigeration cycle.
BACKGROUND ART
PTL 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 57-198968) discloses a refrigeration cycle using a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
In a refrigeration cycle using a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant, when a refrigerant is evaporated under a constant pressure in a heat-source-side heat exchanger, the capacity of heat exchange is not sufficiently provided.
Solution to Problem
A refrigeration cycle according to a first aspect is a refrigeration cycle using a mixed refrigerant which is a flammable refrigerant and which contains at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), and includes a compressor, a heat-source-side heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, a use-side heat exchanger, and a decompression mechanism. The decompression mechanism decompresses, between an inlet and an outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger, the mixed refrigerant flowing through the heat-source-side heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator.
In this case, when the refrigerant evaporates in the heat-source-side heat exchanger, the decompression mechanism decreases the pressure of the refrigerant in the middle. Accordingly, the difference in evaporation temperature between the inlet and the outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger generated when the refrigerant is evaporated under the constant pressure can be decreased. Consequently, the capacity of heat exchange can be ensured, and the performance of the refrigeration cycle can be increased.
A refrigeration cycle according to a second aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the first aspect, in which the decompression mechanism decompresses the mixed refrigerant flowing through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in accordance with a temperature gradient of the mixed refrigerant.
A refrigeration cycle according to a third aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which the heat-source-side heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section. The decompression mechanism is disposed between the first heat exchange section and the second heat exchange section.
A refrigeration cycle according to a fourth aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any one of the first aspect to the fourth aspect, in which the use-side heat exchanger is disposed in a use unit. The use-side heat exchanger includes a third heat exchange section located on a front-surface side of the use unit, and a fourth heat exchange section located on a rear-surface side of the use unit. An upper portion of the fourth heat exchange section is located near an upper portion of the third heat exchange section. The third heat exchange section extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward the front-surface side of the use unit. The fourth heat exchange section extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward the rear-surface side of the use unit. A capacity of a refrigerant flow path of the third heat exchange section is larger than a capacity of a refrigerant flow path of the fourth heat exchange section.
In this case, the capacity of the refrigerant flow path of the third heat exchange section located on the front-surface side of the use unit is larger than the capacity of the refrigerant flow path of the fourth heat exchange section. Accordingly, the third heat exchange section having a larger capacity of the refrigerant flow path exchanges more heat between the mixed refrigerant and the air on the front-surface side of the use unit of which the velocity of the air passing through the heat exchange section tends to be high.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 5th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 6th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 7th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 8th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),
the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 9th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43)
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 10th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 11th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments;
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 12th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to the 5th aspect, wherein, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments,
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 13th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 14th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 15th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′(0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 16th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein, the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′(0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′(0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to those of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 17th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene(HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
the line segment I is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 18th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 19th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and
the line segment UO is a straight line.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 20th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments;
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and
the line segment TL is a straight line.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 21st aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments;
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and
the line segment TP is a straight line.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (may also be referred to as a cooling capacity or a capacity) equal to those of R410A and classified with lower flammability (Class 2L) in the standard of The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 22nd aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 23rd aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
the line segment I is represented by coordinates
(0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 24th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′(0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 25th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 26th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
the line segment PS is a straight line.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
A refrigeration cycle according to a 27th aspect is the refrigeration cycle according to any of the 1st through 4th aspects, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.
In this refrigeration cycle, the capacity of heat exchange can be increased when a refrigerant having a sufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to that of R410A is used.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammability test.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connect these points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and line segments that connect these points to each other in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).
FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and line segments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.
FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connect the points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.
FIG. 16 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigeration cycle according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a vertical sectional view of a use unit.
FIG. 18 is a Mollier diagram indicating an operating state of the refrigeration cycle according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 19 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigeration cycle according to a second embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
(1) Definition of Terms
In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning; and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717), and the like.
In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising a refrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as to distinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”
In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearly drop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.
The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,” which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.
In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.
In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lower flammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case of formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in the present specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability” means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the most flammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation for flammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage test during storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammability classification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 is determined to classified as be “Class 2L.”
In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % or more” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit (RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the air in consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing the risk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed space where humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentration among the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivation limit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which are respectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and 7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.
In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolute value of the difference between the initial temperature and the end temperature in the phase change process of a composition containing the refrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of a refrigerant system.
(2) Refrigerant
(2-1) Refrigerant Component
Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of these refrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.
(2-2) Use of refrigerant
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferably used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.
The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for use as an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407C and R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.
(3) Refrigerant Composition
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1 mass %.
(3-1) Water
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.
(3-2) Tracer
A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.
The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure is selected as the tracer.
Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N20). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.
The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerant composition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.
(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.
Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.
(3-4) Stabilizer
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.
The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.
Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.
Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.
Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.
Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.
Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.
The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor
The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.
The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.
Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.
The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.
(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid
The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.
(4-1) Refrigeration Oil
The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.
The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.
A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.
The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.
(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent
The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.
The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.
Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.
(5) Various Refrigerants
Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used in the present embodiment, will be described in detail.
In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A, refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is each independent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, the number of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are all independent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B, the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. For example, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the first embodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from each other.
(5-1) Refrigerant A
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprising HFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. This refrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3,
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CG);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lower flammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),
the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CJ);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments;
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has a condensation temperature glide of 1C or less.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments,
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more furthermore, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O and h);
the line segment dg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),
point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or
on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);
the line segment lg is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
the line segments hi and il are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:
point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),
point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);
the line segment de is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0064z2−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z2+0.1565z+34.499, z), and
the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect the following 4 points:
point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),
point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),
point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and
point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),
or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);
the line segment le is represented by coordinates (0.0047y2−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y2+0.5177y+12.402),
the line segment ef is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z2−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z2+0.0825z+43.308, z), and
the line segments fi and il are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect the following 4 points:
point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),
point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the line segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);
the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0052y2−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y2+0.5588y+6.615),
the line segment be is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z2−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:
point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),
point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and
point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),
or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;
the line segment kb is represented by coordinates (0.0052y2−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y2+0.5588y+6.615),
the line segment bj is represented by coordinates (−0.0032z2−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z2+0.1791z+22.407, z), and
the line segment jk is a straight line.
When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant A)
The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited to the Examples.
The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerant R410A (R32=500/a/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions each comprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-123, and R1234yf was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL of HFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, and the LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013.
Evaporating temperature: C
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5 K
Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 700A
Tables to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE 1
Comp.
Comp.
Example
Comp.
Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Example
2
Example
Ex. 4
Item
Unit
Ex. 1
O
A
1
A′
3
B
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
100.0
68.6
49.0
30.6
14.1
0.0
HFO-1123
mass %
0.0
0.0
14.9
30.0
44.8
58.7
R1234yf
mass %
0.0
31.4
36.1
39.4
41.1
41.3
GWP
—
2088
1
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative to 410A)
100
99.7
100.0
98.6
97.3
96.3
95.5
Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to 410A)
100
98.3
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
85.0
Condensation glide
° C.
0.1
0.00
1.98
3.36
4.46
5.15
5.35
Discharge pressure
% (relative to 410A)
100.0
99.3
87.1
88.9
90.6
92.1
93.2
RCL
g/m3
—
30.7
37.5
44.0
52.7
64.0
78.6
TABLE 2
Comp.
Example
Comp.
Comp.
Example
Comp.
Ex. 5
Example
5
Example
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
7
Ex. 8
Item
Unit
C
4
C′
6
D
E
E′
F
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
32.9
26.6
19.5
10.9
0.0
58.0
23.4
0.0
HFO-1123
mass %
67.1
68.4
70.5
74.1
80.4
42.0
48.5
61.8
R1234yf
mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
19.6
0.0
28.1
38.2
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative to 410A)
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
95.0
95.0
95.0
Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to 410A)
107.4
105.2
102.9
100.5
97.9
105.0
92.5
86.9
Condensation glide
° C.
0.16
0.52
0.94
1.42
1.90
0.42
3.16
4.80
Discharge pressure
% (relative to 410A)
119.5
117.4
115.3
113.0
115.9
112.7
101.0
95.8
RCL
g/m3
53.5
57.1
62.0
69.1
81.3
41.9
46.3
79.0
TABLE 3
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Ex. 9
8
9
10
11
12
Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N′
K
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3
HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4
R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative to 410A)
93.8
95.0
96.1
97.9
99.1
99.5
Refrigerating capacity ratio
% (relative to 410A)
106.2
104.1
101.6
95.0
88.2
85.0
Condensation glide
° C.
0.31
0.57
0.81
1.41
2.11
2.51
Discharge pressure
% (relative to 410A)
115.8
111.9
107.8
99.0
91.2
87.7
RCL
g/m3
46.2
42.6
40.0
38.0
38.7
39.7
TABLE 4
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Item
Unit
L
M
Q
R
S
S′
T
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
63.1
60.3
62.8
49.8
62.6
50.0
35.8
HFO-1123
mass %
31.9
6.2
29.6
42.3
28.3
35.8
44.9
R1234yf
mass %
5.0
33.5
7.6
7.9
9.1
14.2
19.3
GWP
—
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
99.4
96.4
95.0
96.6
95.8
95.0
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
101.6
85.0
100.2
101.7
99.4
98.1
96.7
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
0.81
2.58
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.55
2.07
glide
Discharge
% (relative
107.8
87.9
106.0
109.6
105.0
105.0
105.0
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
40.0
40.0
40.0
44.8
40.0
44.4
50.8
TABLE 5
Comp.
Example
Example
Ex. 10
20
21
Item
Unit
G
H
I
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
14.0
0.0
R1234yf
mass %
0.0
14.0
28.0
GWP
—
1
1
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.6
98.2
99.9
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
103.1
95.1
86.6
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
0.46
1.27
1.71
glide
Discharge
% (relative
108.4
98.7
88.6
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
37.4
37.0
36.6
TABLE 6
Comp.
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
22
23
24
25
26
Ex. 13
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
% (relative
91.4
92.0
92.8
93.7
94.7
95.8
96.9
98.0
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
105.7
105.5
105.0
104.3
103.3
102.0
100.6
99.1
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
0.40
0.46
0.55
0.66
0.75
0.80
0.79
0.67
glide
Discharge
% (relative
120.1
118.7
116.7
114.3
111.6
108.7
105.6
102.5
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
71.0
61.9
54.9
49.3
44.8
41.0
37.8
35.1
TABLE 7
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 14
27
28
29
30
31
32
Ex. 15
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
HFO-1123
mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
R1234yf
mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
% (relative
91.9
92.5
93.3
94.3
95.3
96.4
97.5
98.6
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
103.2
102.9
102.4
101.5
100.5
99.2
97.8
96.2
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
0.87
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.18
1.18
1.09
0.88
glide
Discharge
% (relative
116.7
115.2
113.2
110.8
108.1
105.2
102.1
99.0
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
70.5
61.6
54.6
49.1
44.6
40.8
37.7
35.0
TABLE 8
Comp.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 16
33
34
35
36
37
38
Ex. 17
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
HFO-1123
mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
R1234yf
mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
% (relative
92.4
93.1
93.9
94.8
95.9
97.0
98.1
99.2
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
100.5
100.2
99.6
98.7
97.7
96.4
94.9
93.2
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
1.41
1.49
1.56
1.62
1.63
1.55
1.37
1.05
glide
Discharge
% (relative
113.1
111.6
109.6
107.2
104.5
101.6
98.6
95.5
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
70.0
61.2
54.4
48.9
44.4
40.7
37.5
34.8
TABLE 9
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
HFO-1123
mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
93.0
93.7
94.5
95.5
96.5
97.6
98.7
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
97.7
97.4
96.8
95.9
94.7
93.4
91.9
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.03
2.09
2.13
2.14
2.07
1.91
1.61
glide
Discharge
% (relative
109.4
107.9
105.9
103.5
100.8
98.0
95.0
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
69.6
60.9
54.1
48.7
44.2
40.5
37.4
TABLE 10
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
R1234yf
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
93.6
94.3
95.2
96.1
97.2
98.2
99.3
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
94.8
94.5
93.8
92.9
91.8
90.4
88.8
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.71
2.74
2.73
2.66
2.50
2.22
1.78
glide
Discharge
% (relative
105.5
104.0
102.1
99.7
97.1
94.3
91.4
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
69.1
60.5
53.8
48.4
44.0
40.4
37.3
TABLE 11
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
53
54
55
56
57
58
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
94.3
95.0
95.9
96.8
97.8
98.9
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
91.9
91.5
90.8
89.9
88.7
87.3
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
3.46
3.43
3.35
3.18
2.90
2.47
glide
Discharge
% (relative
101.6
100.1
98.2
95.9
93.3
90.6
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
68.7
60.2
53.5
48.2
43.9
40.2
TABLE 12
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comp.
Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
Ex. 18
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
HFO-1123
mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
R1234yf
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
95.0
95.8
96.6
97.5
98.5
99.6
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
88.9
88.5
87.8
86.8
85.6
84.1
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
4.24
4.15
3.96
3.67
3.24
2.64
glide
Discharge
% (relative
97.6
96.1
94.2
92.0
89.5
86.8
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
68.2
59.8
53.2
48.0
43.7
40.1
TABLE 13
Example
Example
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Unit
64
65
Ex. 19
Ex. 20
Ex. 21
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
R1234yf
mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
95.9
96.6
97.4
98.3
99.2
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
85.8
85.4
84.7
83.6
82.4
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
5.05
4.85
4.55
4.10
3.50
glide
Discharge
% (relative
93.5
92.1
90.3
88.1
85.6
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
67.8
59.5
53.0
47.8
43.5
TABLE 14
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
HFO-1123
mass %
41.0
39.0
37.0
33.0
41.0
39.0
37.0
35.0
R1234yf
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
% (relative
95.1
95.3
95.6
96.0
95.1
95.4
95.6
95.8
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
102.8
102.6
102.3
101.8
101.9
101.7
101.5
101.2
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
0.78
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.95
glide
Discharge
% (relative
110.5
109.9
109.3
108.1
109.7
109.1
108.5
107.9
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
43.2
42.4
41.7
40.3
43.9
43.1
42.4
41.6
TABLE 15
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
60.0
62.0
61.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
HFO-1123
mass %
33.0
31.0
29.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
34.0
32.0
R1234yf
mass %
7.0
7.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
14.0
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.5
96.4
96.6
96.8
96.0
96.2
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
100.9
100.7
99.1
98.4
98.1
97.8
98.0
97.7
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
0.95
0.95
1.18
1.34
1.33
1.32
1.53
1.53
glide
Discharge
% (relative
107.3
106.7
104.9
104.4
103.8
103.2
104.7
104.1
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
40.9
40.3
40.5
41.5
40.8
40.1
43.6
42.9
TABLE 16
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
HFO-1123
mass %
30.0
28.0
26.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
R1234yf
mass %
14.0
14.0
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.6
96.9
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.7
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
97.5
97.2
96.9
97.3
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.3
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.72
1.72
1.71
1.69
1.67
glide
Discharge
% (relative
103.5
102.9
102.3
104.3
103.8
103.2
102.7
102.1
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
42.1
41.4
40.7
45.2
44.4
43.6
42.8
42.1
TABLE 17
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
58.0
60.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
R1234yf
mass %
16.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
GWP
—
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.9
97.1
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.3
96.5
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
96.1
95.8
96.8
96.6
96.4
96.2
95.9
95.7
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
1.65
1.63
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88
glide
Discharge
% (relative
101.5
100.9
104.5
103.9
103.4
102.9
102.3
101.8
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
41.4
40.7
47.8
46.9
46.0
45.1
44.3
43.5
TABLE 18
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
36.0
38.0
42.0
44.0
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0
38.0
36.0
R1234yf
mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
95.1
95.3
95.7
95.9
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
95.4
95.2
94.9
94.6
96.3
96.1
95.7
95.4
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.77
2.14
2.14
2.13
2.12
glide
Discharge
% (relative
101.2
100.6
100.0
99.5
104.5
104.0
103.0
102.5
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
42.7
42.0
41.3
40.6
50.7
49.7
47.7
46.8
TABLE 19
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
34.0
36.0
HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
44.0
42.0
R1234yf
mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.0
22.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.3
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
95.1
95.3
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
95.2
95.0
94.5
94.2
94.0
93.7
95.3
95.1
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.11
2.09
2.05
2.02
1.99
1.95
2.37
2.36
glide
Discharge
% (relative
101.9
101.4
100.3
99.7
99.2
98.6
103.4
103.0
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
45.9
45.0
43.4
42.7
41.9
41.2
51.7
50.6
TABLE 20
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
94.9
94.7
94.5
94.3
94.0
93.8
93.6
93.3
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.21
glide
Discharge
% (relative
102.5
102.0
101.5
101.0
100.4
99.9
99.4
98.8
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
49.6
48.6
47.6
46.7
45.8
45.0
44.1
43.4
TABLE 21
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
HFO-1123
mass %
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
R1234yf
mass %
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.9
95.2
95.4
95.6
95.8
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
93.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
94.3
94.1
93.9
93.7
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.18
2.14
2.09
2.04
2.61
2.60
2.59
2.58
glide
Discharge
% (relative
98.2
97.7
97.1
96.5
102.4
101.9
101.5
101.0
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
42.6
41.9
41.2
40.5
52.7
51.6
50.5
49.5
TABLE 22
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.0
96.2
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
93.5
93.3
93.1
92.8
92.6
92.4
92.1
91.8
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.33
glide
Discharge
% (relative
100.5
100.0
99.5
98.9
98.4
97.9
97.3
96.8
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
48.5
47.5
46.6
45.7
44.9
44.1
43.3
42.5
TABLE 23
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
R1234yf
mass %
24.0
24.0
24.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
95.3
95.5
95.7
95.9
96.1
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
91.6
91.3
91.0
93.2
93.1
92.9
92.7
92.5
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.28
2.22
2.16
2.86
2.85
2.83
2.81
2.79
glide
Discharge
% (relative
96.2
95.6
95.1
101.3
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.4
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
41.8
41.1
40.4
53.7
52.6
51.5
50.4
49.4
TABLE 24
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
HFO-1123
mass %
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
92.1
91.9
91.6
91.4
91.2
90.9
90.6
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.67
2.63
2.59
2.53
2.48
glide
Discharge
% (relative
99.0
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.8
95.3
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
48.4
47.4
46.5
45.7
44.8
44.0
43.2
42.5
TABLE 25
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
HFO-1123
mass %
18.0
16.0
14.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
R1234yf
mass %
26.0
26.0
26.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
97.9
98.2
98.4
95.6
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.3
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
90.3
90.1
89.8
92.1
91.9
91.7
91.5
91.3
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.42
2.35
2.27
3.10
3.09
3.06
3.04
3.01
glide
Discharge
% (relative
94.7
94.1
93.6
99.7
99.3
98.8
98.4
97.9
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
41.7
41.0
40.3
53.6
52.5
51.4
50.3
49.3
TABLE 26
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
HFO-1123
mass %
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
28.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
91.1
90.9
90.7
90.4
90.2
89.9
89.7
89.4
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.98
2.94
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.75
2.68
2.62
glide
Discharge
% (relative
97.4
96.9
96.4
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.3
93.8
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
48.3
47.4
46.4
45.6
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.4
TABLE 27
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
56.0
58.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
42.0
HFO-1123
mass %
16.0
14.0
12.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
28.0
R1234yf
mass %
28.0
28.0
28.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
98.2
98.4
98.6
96.1
96.2
96.4
96.6
97.0
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
89.1
88.8
88.5
90.7
90.5
90.3
90.1
89.7
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
2.54
2.46
2.38
3.32
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.14
glide
Discharge
% (relative
93.2
92.6
92.1
97.7
97.3
96.8
96.4
95.4
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
41.7
41.0
40.3
52.4
51.3
50.2
49.2
47.3
TABLE 28
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
44.0
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
HFO-1123
mass %
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
R1234yf
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
98.0
98.3
98.5
98.7
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
89.4
89.2
89.0
88.7
88.4
88.2
87.9
87.6
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
3.08
3.03
2.97
2.90
2.83
2.75
2.66
2.57
glide
Discharge
% (relative
94.9
94.4
93.9
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.7
91.1
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
46.4
45.5
44.7
43.9
43.1
42.3
41.6
40.9
TABLE 29
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
HFO-1123
mass %
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.2
96.3
96.5
96.7
96.9
97.1
97.3
97.5
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
89.6
89.5
89.3
89.1
88.9
88.7
88.4
88.2
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
3.60
3.56
3.52
3.48
3.43
3.38
3.33
3.26
glide
Discharge
% (relative
96.6
96.2
95.7
95.3
94.8
94.3
93.9
93.4
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
53.4
52.3
51.2
50.1
49.1
48.1
47.2
46.3
TABLE 30
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
HFO-1123
mass %
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
R1234yf
mass %
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
98.5
98.7
98.9
99.2
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
88.0
87.7
87.5
87.2
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.0
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
3.20
3.12
3.04
2.96
2.87
2.77
2.66
2.55
glide
Discharge
% (relative
92.8
92.3
91.8
91.3
90.7
90.2
89.6
89.1
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
45.4
44.6
43.8
43.0
42.3
41.5
40.8
40.2
TABLE 31
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
32.0
34.0
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
HFO-1123
mass %
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
96.5
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.6
97.8
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
88.4
88.2
88.0
87.8
87.6
87.4
87.2
87.0
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
3.84
3.80
3.75
3.70
3.64
3.58
3.51
3.43
glide
Discharge
% (relative
95.0
94.6
94.2
93.7
93.3
92.8
92.3
91.8
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
53.3
52.2
51.1
50.0
49.0
48.0
47.1
46.2
TABLE 32
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
46.0
48.0
50.0
52.0
54.0
30.0
32.0
34.0
HFO-1123
mass %
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
R1234yf
mass %
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.8
96.8
96.9
97.1
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
86.7
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.6
87.2
87.0
86.8
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
3.36
3.27
3.18
3.08
2.97
4.08
4.03
3.97
glide
Discharge
% (relative
91.3
90.8
90.3
89.7
89.2
93.4
93.0
92.6
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
45.3
44.5
43.7
42.9
42.2
53.2
52.1
51.0
TABLE 33
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
36.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
46.0
30.0
32.0
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
32.0
30.0
R1234yf
mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
38.0
38.0
GWP
—
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.3
97.1
97.2
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
86.6
86.4
86.2
85.9
85.7
85.5
85.9
85.7
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation
° C.
3.91
3.84
3.76
3.68
3.60
3.50
4.32
4.25
glide
Discharge
% (relative
92.1
91.7
91.2
90.7
90.3
89.8
91.9
91.4
pressure
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
49.9
48.9
47.9
47.0
46.1
45.3
53.1
52.0
TABLE 34
Item
Unit
Example 226
Example 227
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
34.0
36.0
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
26.0
R1234yf
mass %
38.0
38.0
GWP
—
2
2
COP ratio
% (relative
97.4
97.6
to 410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
85.6
85.3
capacity ratio
to 410A)
Condensation glide
° C.
4.18
4.11
Discharge pressure
% (relative
91.0
90.6
to 410A)
RCL
g/m3
50.9
49.8
These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment CO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3,
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by the least square method.
The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by the least square method.
The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by the least square method.
The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by the least square method.
Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE, EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2), and
the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x2 0.2393x+36.475), and
the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,
the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, by the least square method.
The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, by the least square method.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m3 or more.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123 and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a temperature glide of 1° C. or less.
The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the line segment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has a discharge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.
In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, and suppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, the composition preferably contains R1234yf.
Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixed formulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to a sample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenon lamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimating lens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration as the initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.
TABLE 35
Item
Unit
G
H
I
WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
9.6
0.0
R1234yf
mass %
0.0
18.4
28.0
Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
TABLE 36
Item
Unit
J
P
L
N
N'
K
WCF
HFO-1132
mass %
47.1
55.8
63.1
68.6
65.0
61.3
(E)
HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
42.0
31.9
16.3
7.7
5.4
R1234yf
mass %
0.0
2.2
5.0
15.1
27.3
33.3
Leak condition
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
that results in WCFF
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping,
−40° C., 92%
−40° C., 90%
−40° C., 90%
−40° C., 66%
−40° C., 12%
−40° C., 0%
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
liquid
liquid
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
phase side
phase side
side
side
side
side
WCFF
HFO-1132
mass %
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
72.0
(E)
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
17.8
17.4
13.6
12.3
9.8
R1234yf
mass %
0.0
10.2
10.6
14.4
15.7
18.2
Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
9
9
8 or less
velocity (WCF)
Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
velocity (WCFF)
The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in a proportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.
The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base,
when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NK connecting the following 6 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)
point N′(65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, and a WCFF lower flammability.
In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91).
The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, by the least square method.
The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining an approximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, by the least square method.
(5-2) Refrigerant B
The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is
a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant, or
a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., (1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficiently low GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and is determined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.
When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability is further improved.
The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75 mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant B)
The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which were calculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption
For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
TABLE 37
Comparative
Comparative
Example 2
Comparative
Example 1
HFO-
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
R410A
1132E
Example 3
1
2
3
4
5
4
HFO-1132E
mass %
—
100
80
72
70
68
65
62
60
(WCF)
HFO-1123
mass %
0
20
28
30
32
35
38
40
(WCF)
GWP
—
2088
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
%
100
99.7
97.5
96.6
96.3
96.1
95.8
95.4
95.2
(relative
to R410A)
Refrigerating
%
100
98.3
101.9
103.1
103.4
103.8
104.1
104.5
104.8
capacity
(relative
ratio
to R410A)
Discharge
Mpa
2.73
2.71
2.89
2.96
2.98
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06
pressure
Burning
cm/sec
Non-
20
13
10
9
9
8
8 or
8 or less
velocity
flammable
less
(WCF)
TABLE 38
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
10
Item
Unit
5
6
Example 7
Example 8
Example 9
7
8
9
HFO-1123
HFO-1132E
mass %
50
48
47.1
46.1
45.1
43
40
25
0
(WCF)
HFO-1123
mass %
50
52
52.9
53.9
54.9
57
60
75
100
(WCF)
GWP
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
COP ratio
%
94.1
93.9
93.8
93.7
93.6
93.4
93.1
91.9
90.6
(relative
to
R410A)
Refrigerating
%
105.9
106.1
106.2
106.3
106.4
106.6
106.9
107.9
108.0
capacity
(relative
ratio
to
R410A)
Discharge
Mpa
3.14
3.16
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.20
3.21
3.31
3.39
pressure
Leakage test
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
—
conditions (WCFF)
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
90%
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
side
side
side
side
side
HFO-1132E
mass %
74
73
72
71
70
67
63
38
—
(WCFF)
HFO-1123
mass %
26
27
28
29
30
33
37
62
(WCFF)
Burning
cm/sec
8 or less
8 or less
8 or
8 or
8 or
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
5
velocity
less
less
less
(WCF)
Burning
cm/sec
11
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
8.5
8 or less
8 or less
velocity
(WCFF)
ASHRAE flammability
2
2
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
classification
The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A. Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having a low GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further, surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.
(5-3) Refrigerant C
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has a coefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.
Requirements
Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′(0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCF lower flammability.
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′(0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0341a−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05) and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to the ASHRAE standard.
When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure further contains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, the refrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.02a2−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a2+2.46a+6.6),
point b′(−0.008a2−1.38a+56, 0.018a2−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a2+1.91a+17.7),
point c (−0.016a2+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a2−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c);
if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0244a2−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a2+2.5695a+5.944),
point b′ (0.1161a2−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a2−0.3399a+24.8, −0.1301a2+2.3358a+15.451),
point c (−0.0161a2+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a2−1.02a+22.4, 0), and
point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c); or
if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines that connect the following 4 points:
point a (0.0161a2−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a2+2.3535a+7.258),
point b′(−0.0435a2−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a2+1.8991a−0.0661, 0.0739a2−1.8556a+49.6601),
point c (−0.0161a2+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a2−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and
point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and point c). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is defined as a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are both achieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and an approximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to the present disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may comprise HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant C)
The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained. Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Superheating temperature: 5 K
Subcooling temperature: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratios relative to R410A.
The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the following formula.
COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption
TABLE 39
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 1
Item
Unit
Ex. 1
A
B
C
D′
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
R410A
68.6
0.0
32.9
0.0
72.0
72.0
47.1
61.7
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
58.7
67.1
75.4
28.0
0.0
52.9
5.9
R1234yf
Mass %
31.4
41.3
0.0
24.6
0.0
28.0
0.0
32.4
R32
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GWP
—
2088
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
COP ratio
% (relative to
100
100.0
95.5
92.5
93.1
96.6
99.9
93.8
99.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
100
85.0
85.0
107.4
95.0
103.1
86.6
106.2
85.5
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 40
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Ex. 9
Ex. 10
Ex. 11
Ex. 12
Ex. 13
Ex. 14
Ex. 15
Ex. 2
Item
Unit
A
B
C
D
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132
Mass %
55.3
0.0
18.4
0.0
60.9
60.9
40.5
47.0
(E)
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
47.8
74.5
83.4
32.0
0.0
52.4
7.2
R1234yf
Mass %
37.6
45.1
0.0
9.5
0.0
32.0
0.0
38.7
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
50
50
49
49
49
50
49
50
COP ratio
%
99.8
96.9
92.5
92.5
95.9
99.6
94.0
99.2
(relative to
R410A)
Refrigerating
%
85.0
85.0
110.5
106.0
106.5
87.7
108.9
85.5
capacity ratio
(relative to
R410A)
TABLE 41
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
16
17
18
19
20
21
Ex. 3
Item
Unit
A
B
C = D′
G
I
J
K'
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
48.4
0.0
0.0
55.8
55.8
37.0
41.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
42.3
88.9
33.1
0.0
51.9
6.5
R1234yf
Mass %
40.5
46.6
0.0
0.0
33.1
0.0
41.4
R32
Mass %
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
GWP
—
77
77
76
76
77
76
77
COP ratio
%
99.8
97.6
92.5
95.8
99.5
94.2
99.3
(relative
to R410A)
Refrigerating
%
85.0
85.0
112.0
108.0
88.6
110.2
85.4
capacity ratio
(relative
to R410A)
TABLE 42
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 22
Comp. Ex. 23
Comp. Ex. 24
Comp. Ex. 25
26
Ex. 4
Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
42.8
0.0
52.1
52.1
34.3
36.5
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
37.8
33.4
0.0
51.2
5.6
R1234yf
Mass %
42.7
47.7
0.0
33.4
0.0
43.4
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
100
100
99
100
99
100
COP ratio
% (relative to
99.9
98.1
95.8
99.5
94.4
99.5
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
85.0
109.1
89.6
111.1
85.3
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 43
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 27
Comp. Ex. 28
Comp. Ex. 29
Comp. Ex. 30
31
Ex. 5
Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
37.0
0.0
48.6
48.6
32.0
32.5
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
33.1
33.2
0.0
49.8
4.0
R1234yf
Mass %
44.8
48.7
0.0
33.2
0.0
45.3
R32
Mass %
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
GWP
—
125
125
124
125
124
125
COP ratio
% (relative to
100.0
98.6
95.9
99.4
94.7
99.8
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
85.0
110.1
90.8
111.9
85.2
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 44
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex. 32
33
Comp. Ex. 34
Comp. Ex. 35
Comp. Ex. 36
Ex. 6
Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
31.5
0.0
45.4
45.4
30.3
28.8
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
28.5
32.7
0.0
47.8
2.4
R1234yf
Mass %
46.6
49.6
0.0
32.7
0.0
46.9
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
150
150
149
150
149
150
COP ratio
% (relative to
R410A)
100.2
99.1
96.0
99.4
95.1
100.0
Refrigerating
% (relative to
capacity ratio
R410A)
85.0
85.0
111.0
92.1
112.6
85.1
TABLE 45
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
37
38
39
40
41
42
Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
24.8
0.0
41.8
41.8
29.1
24.8
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
22.9
31.5
0.0
44.2
0.0
R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
50.4
0.0
31.5
0.0
48.5
R32
Mass %
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.7
GWP
—
182
182
181
182
181
182
COP ratio
% (relative to
100.4
99.8
96.3
99.4
95.6
100.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
85.0
111.9
93.8
113.2
85.0
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 46
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
43
44
45
46
47
48
Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
21.3
0.0
40.0
40.0
28.8
24.3
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
19.9
30.7
0.0
41.9
0.0
R1234yf
Mass %
49.4
50.8
0.0
30.7
0.0
46.4
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
200
200
198
199
198
200
COP ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.1
96.6
99.5
96.1
100.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
85.0
112.4
94.8
113.6
86.7
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 47
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
49
50
51
52
53
54
Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
12.1
0.0
35.7
35.7
29.3
22.5
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
11.7
27.6
0.0
34.0
0.0
R1234yf
Mass %
51.2
51.6
0.0
27.6
0.0
40.8
R32
Mass %
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.7
GWP
—
250
250
248
249
248
250
COP ratio
% (relative to
101.2
101.0
96.4
99.6
97.0
100.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
85.0
113.2
97.6
113.9
90.9
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 48
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
55
56
57
58
59
60
Item
Unit
A
B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
3.8
0.0
32.0
32.0
29.4
21.1
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
3.9
23.9
0.0
26.5
0.0
R1234yf
Mass %
52.1
52.0
0.0
23.9
0.0
34.8
R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
GWP
—
300
300
298
299
298
299
COP ratio
% (relative to
101.8
101.8
97.9
99.8
97.8
100.5
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
85.0
113.7
100.4
113.9
94.9
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 49
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
61
62
63
64
65
Item
Unit
A = B
G
I
J
K′
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
0.0
30.4
30.4
28.9
20.4
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
21.8
0.0
23.3
0.0
R1234yf
Mass %
52.2
0.0
21.8
0.0
31.8
R32
Mass %
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
GWP
—
325
323
324
323
324
COP ratio
% (relative to
102.1
98.2
100.0
98.2
100.6
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
113.8
101.8
113.9
96.8
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 50
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
66
Ex. 7
Ex. 8
Ex. 9
10
11
12
13
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
82.9
77.9
72.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
COP ratio
% (relative to
92.4
92.6
92.8
93.1
93.4
93.7
94.1
94.5
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
108.4
108.3
108.2
107.9
107.6
107.2
106.8
106.3
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 51
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
14
15
16
17
67
18
19
20
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
72.9
67.9
62.9
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
COP ratio
% (relative to
95.0
95.4
95.9
96.4
96.9
93.0
93.3
93.6
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
105.8
105.2
104.5
103.9
103.1
105.7
105.5
105.2
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 52
Item
Unit
Ex. 21
Ex. 22
Ex. 23
Ex. 24
Ex. 25
Ex. 26
Ex. 27
Ex. 28
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.9
94.2
94.6
95.0
95.5
96.0
96.4
96.9
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
104.9
104.5
104.1
103.6
103.0
102.4
101.7
101.0
capacity ratio
TABLE 53
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
68
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
17.9
67.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.4
93.5
93.8
94.1
94.4
94.8
95.2
95.6
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
100.3
102.9
102.7
102.5
102.1
101.7
101.2
100.7
capacity ratio
TABLE 54
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
36
37
38
39
69
40
41
42
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
62.9
57.9
52.9
R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.0
96.5
97.0
97.5
98.0
94.0
94.3
94.6
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
100.1
99.5
98.9
98.1
97.4
100.1
99.9
99.6
capacity ratio
TABLE 55
Item
Unit
Ex. 43
Ex. 44
Ex. 45
Ex. 46
Ex. 47
Ex. 48
Ex. 49
Ex. 50
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.0
95.3
95.7
96.2
96.6
97.1
97.6
98.1
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
99.2
98.8
98.3
97.8
97.2
96.6
95.9
95.2
capacity ratio
TABLE 56
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
70
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
57.9
52.9
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
49
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.6
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5
95.9
96.3
96.8
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
94.4
97.1
96.9
96.7
96.3
95.9
95.4
94.8
capacity ratio
TABLE 57
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
58
59
60
61
71
62
63
64
HFO-1132(E)
Mass%
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
HFO-1123
Mass%
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
R1234yf
Mass%
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
R32
Mass%
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
97.2
97.7
98.2
98.7
99.2
95.2
95.5
95.8
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
94.2
93.6
92.9
92.2
91.4
94.2
93.9
93.7
capacity ratio
TABLE 58
Item
Unit
Ex. 65
Ex. 66
Ex. 67
Ex. 68
Ex. 69
Ex. 70
Ex. 71
Ex. 72
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
7.9
2.9
R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.2
96.6
97.0
97.4
97.9
98.3
98.8
99.3
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
93.3
92.9
92.4
91.8
91.2
90.5
89.8
89.1
capacity ratio
TABLE 59
Item
Unit
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79
Ex. 80
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
47.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
12.9
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.1
98.5
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
91.1
90.9
90.6
90.2
89.8
89.3
88.7
88.1
capacity ratio
TABLE 60
Item
Unit
Ex. 81
Ex. 82
Ex. 83
Ex. 84
Ex. 85
Ex. 86
Ex. 87
Ex. 88
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
7.9
2.9
42.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.0
99.4
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.6
98.0
98.4
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
87.4
86.7
88.0
87.8
87.5
87.1
86.6
86.1
capacity ratio
TABLE 61
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 72
Ex. 73
Ex. 74
Ex. 75
Ex. 76
Ex. 77
Ex. 78
Ex. 79
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9
37.9
32.9
27.9
22.9
17.9
R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
98.8
99.2
99.6
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.7
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.5
84.9
84.2
84.9
84.6
84.3
83.9
83.5
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 62
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 80
Ex. 81
Ex. 82
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
12.9
7.9
2.9
R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0
R32
Mass %
7.1
7.1
7.1
GWP
—
50
50
50
COP ratio
% (relative
99.1
99.5
99.9
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
82.9
82.3
81.7
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 63
Item
Unit
Ex. 89
Ex. 90
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95
Ex. 96
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
70.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
93.7
93.9
94.1
94.4
94.7
95.0
95.4
95.8
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
110.2
110.0
109.7
109.3
108.9
108.4
107.9
107.3
capacity ratio
TABLE 64
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
97
83
98
99
100
101
102
103
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
30.5
25.5
65.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
40.5
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
96.2
96.6
94.2
94.4
94.6
94.9
95.2
95.5
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
106.6
106.0
107.5
107.3
107.0
106.6
106.1
105.6
capacity ratio
TABLE 65
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
104
105
106
84
107
108
109
110
HF0-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
HF0-1123
Mass %
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
60.5
55.5
50.5
45.5
R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.9
96.3
96.7
97.1
94.6
94.8
95.1
95.4
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
105.1
104.5
103.8
103.1
104.7
104.5
104.1
103.7
capacity ratio
TABLE 66
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
111
112
113
114
115
85
116
117
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
55.5
50.5
R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.7
96.0
96.4
96.8
97.2
97.6
95.1
95.3
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
103.3
102.8
102.2
101.6
101.0
100.3
101.8
101.6
capacity ratio
TABLE 67
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Item
Unit
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
86
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
COP ratio
% (relative to R410A)
95.6
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.9
97.3
97.7
98.2
Refrigerating
% (relative to R410A)
101.2
100.8
100.4
99.9
99.3
98.7
98.0
97.3
capacity ratio
TABLE 68
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
50.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
COP ratio
% (relative to
95.6
95.9
96.1
96.4
96.7
97.1
97.5
97.9
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
98.9
98.6
98.3
97.9
97.4
96.9
96.3
95.7
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 69
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
133
87
134
135
136
137
138
139
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
55.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
45.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
99
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.3
98.7
96.2
96.4
96.7
97.0
97.3
97.7
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
95.0
94.3
95.8
95.6
95.2
94.8
94.4
93.8
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 70
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
40.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.1
98.5
98.9
96.8
97.0
97.3
97.6
97.9
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
93.3
92.6
92.0
92.8
92.5
92.2
91.8
91.3
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 71
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
15.5
10.5
5.5
35.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.3
98.7
99.1
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.3
98.6
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
90.8
90.2
89.6
89.6
89.4
89.0
88.6
88.2
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 72
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Item
Unit
156
157
158
159
160
88
89
90
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
10.5
5.5
30.5
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5
R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.9
99.3
98.1
98.4
98.7
98.9
99.3
99.6
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
87.6
87.1
86.5
86.2
85.9
85.5
85.0
84.5
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 73
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 91
Ex. 92
Ex. 93
Ex. 94
Ex. 95
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
25.5
20.5
15.5
10.5
5.5
R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
R32
Mass %
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
GWP
—
100
100
100
100
100
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.9
99.1
99.4
99.7
100.0
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
83.3
83.0
82.7
82.2
81.8
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 74
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
HFO-
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
1132(E)
HFO-
Mass %
63.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1
1123
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
COP ratio
% (relative to
94.8
95.0
95.2
95.4
95.7
95.9
96.2
96.6
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
111.5
111.2
110.9
110.5
110.0
109.5
108.9
108.3
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 75
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
96
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
58.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
COP ratio
% (relative to
96.9
95.3
95.4
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.4
96.7
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
107.7
108.7
108.5
108.1
107.7
107.2
106.7
106.1
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 76
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
176
97
177
178
179
180
181
182
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
53.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1
R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.0
97.4
95.7
95.9
96.1
96.3
96.6
96.9
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
ratio
R410A)
105.5
104.9
105.9
105.6
105.3
104.8
104.4
103.8
TABLE 77
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
183
184
98
185
186
187
188
189
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
48.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1
R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.2
97.5
97.9
96.1
96.3
96.5
96.8
97.1
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.3
102.6
102.0
103.0
102.7
102.3
101.9
101.4
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 78
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
190
191
192
99
193
194
195
196
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
43.1
38.1
33.1
28.1
R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
149
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.3
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
100.9
100.3
99.7
99.1
100.0
99.7
99.4
98.9
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 79
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
197
198
199
200
100
201
202
203
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
38.1
33.1
28.1
R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
149
149
149
149
149
150
150
150
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.6
97.9
98.2
98.5
98.9
97.1
97.3
97.6
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
98.5
97.9
97.4
96.8
96.1
97.0
96.7
96.3
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 80
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
33.1
28.1
23.1
R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.8
98.1
98.4
98.7
99.1
97.7
97.9
98.1
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
95.9
95.4
94.9
94.4
93.8
93.9
93.6
93.3
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 81
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
28.1
23.1
18.1
13.1
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.4
98.7
99.0
99.3
98.3
98.5
98.7
99.0
R410A)
Refrigerating capacity
% (relative to
92.9
92.4
91.9
91.3
90.8
90.5
90.2
89.7
ratio
R410A)
TABLE 82
Comp.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Item
Unit
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
101
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
8.1
3.1
23.1
18.1
13.1
8.1
3.1
18.1
R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
COP ratio
% (relative to
99.3
99.6
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.6
99.9
99.6
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
89.3
88.8
87.6
87.3
87.0
86.6
86.2
84.4
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 83
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 102
Ex. 103
Ex. 104
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
13.1
8.1
3.1
R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
50.0
50.0
R32
Mass %
21.9
21.9
21.9
GWP
—
150
150
150
COP ratio
% (relative
99.8
100.0
100.2
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
84.1
83.8
83.4
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 84
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Item
Unit
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
105
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
55.7
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
COP ratio
% (relative to
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.6
96.8
97.1
97.3
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.2
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
110.2
109.6
109.0
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 85
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Item
Unit
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
106
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
50.7
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
COP ratio
% (relative to
96.3
96.4
96.6
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.5
97.8
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
109.4
109.2
108.8
108.4
107.9
107.4
106.8
106.2
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 86
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Item
Unit
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
107
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
COP ratio
% (relative to
96.7
96.8
97.0
97.2
97.4
97.7
97.9
98.2
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
106.6
106.3
106.0
105.5
105.1
104.5
104.0
103.4
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 87
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Item
Unit
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
108
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
40.7
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
R1234yf
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.1
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.7
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.7
103.4
103.0
102.6
102.2
101.6
101.1
100.5
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 88
Item
Unit
Ex. 255
Ex. 256
Ex. 257
Ex. 258
Ex. 259
Ex. 260
Ex. 261
Ex. 262
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
10.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
35.7
30.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
30.7
R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.6
97.7
97.9
98.1
98.4
98.6
98.9
98.1
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
100.7
100.4
100.1
99.7
99.2
98.7
98.2
97.7
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 89
Item
Unit
Ex. 263
Ex. 264
Ex. 265
Ex. 266
Ex. 267
Ex. 268
Ex. 269
Ex. 270
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
25.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
25.7
20.7
15.7
R1234yf
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
199
199
199
199
199
200
200
200
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.6
98.7
98.9
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
97.4
97.1
96.7
96.2
95.7
94.7
94.4
94.0
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 90
Item
Unit
Ex. 271
Ex. 272
Ex. 273
Ex. 274
Ex. 275
Ex. 276
Ex. 277
Ex. 278
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
30.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
10.7
5.7
20.7
15.7
10.7
5.7
15.7
10.7
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
COP ratio
% (relative to
99.2
99.4
99.1
99.3
99.5
99.7
99.7
99.8
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
93.6
93.2
91.5
91.3
90.9
90.6
88.4
88.1
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 91
Ex.
Ex.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Unit
279
280
Ex. 109
Ex. 110
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
5.7
10.7
5.7
5.7
R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
50.0
50.0
55.0
R32
Mass %
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3
GWP
—
200
200
200
200
COP ratio
% (relative
100.0
100.3
100.4
100.9
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
87.8
85.2
85.0
82.0
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 92
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 281
Ex. 282
Ex. 283
Ex. 284
Ex. 285
Ex. 111
Ex. 286
Ex. 287
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
40.9
35.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
35.9
30.9
R1234yf
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
GWP
—
298
298
298
298
298
298
299
299
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.8
97.9
97.9
98.1
98.2
98.4
98.2
98.2
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.5
112.3
111.9
111.6
111.2
110.7
109.8
109.5
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 93
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 288
Ex. 289
Ex.290
Ex. 112
Ex. 291
Ex. 292
Ex. 293
Ex. 294
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
25.0
3 0.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
30.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
R1234yf
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
COP ratio
% (relative to
98.3
98.5
98.6
98.8
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.9
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
109.2
108.8
108.4
108.0
107.0
106.7
106.4
106.0
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 94
Comp.
Item
Unit
Ex. 295
Ex. 113
Ex. 296
Ex. 297
Ex. 298
Ex. 299
Ex. 300
Ex. 301
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
35.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
10.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
10.9
5.9
25.9
20.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
20.9
R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
COP ratio
% (relative to
99.0
99.2
99.0
99.0
99.2
99.3
99.4
99.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
105.6
105.2
104.1
103.9
103.6
103.2
102.8
101.2
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 95
Item
Unit
Ex. 302
Ex. 303
Ex. 304
Ex. 305
Ex. 306
Ex. 307
Ex. 308
Ex. 309
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
15.0
20.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
15.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
15.9
10.9
5.9
15.9
10.9
5.9
10.9
5.9
R1234yf
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
R32
Mass %
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
44.1
GWP
—
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
299
COP ratio
% (relative to
99.5
99.6
99.7
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.3
100.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
101.0
100.7
100.3
98.3
98.0
97.8
95.3
95.1
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 96
Item
Unit
Ex. 400
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
HFO-1123
Mass %
5.9
R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
R32
Mass %
44.1
GWP
—
299
COP ratio
% (relative
100.7
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
92.3
capacity ratio
to R410A)
The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516) and point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801);
if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695) and point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207) and point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05).
Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more form a curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and that extends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, or on the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.
Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if 0<a<11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, a straight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are in the entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% or more.
In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. In FIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where the COP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10 mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′(0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate line and a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % was defined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) was similarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting point C (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where the COP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and point D′ was defined as the straight line D′C.
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class 2L (lower flammability).”
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.
TABLE 97
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Comp. Ex.
Item
6
13
19
24
29
34
WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4
%
HFO-1123
Mass
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7
%
R1234yf
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
%
R32
Mass
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9
%
Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
TABLE 98
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Ex. 39
Ex. 45
Ex. 51
Ex. 57
Ex. 62
WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4
HFO-1123
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8
R1234yf
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0
R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8
Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
TABLE 99
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Ex. 7
Ex. 14
Ex. 20
Ex. 25
Ex. 30
Ex. 35
WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass
72.0
60.9
55.8
52.1
48.6
45.4
%
HFO-1123
Mass
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
%
R1234yf
Mass
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.2
32.7
%
R32
Mass
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9
%
Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
TABLE 100
Item
Comp. Ex. 40
Comp. Ex. 46
Comp. Ex. 52
Comp. Ex. 58
Comp. Ex. 63
WCF
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
41.8
40
35.7
32
30.4
HFO-1123
Mass %
0
0
0
0
0
R1234yf
Mass %
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.9
21.8
R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8
Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
TABLE 101
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Ex. 8
Ex. 15
Ex. 21
Ex. 26
Ex. 31
Ex. 36
WC
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
47.1
40.5
37.0
34.3
32.0
30.3
F
HFO-1123
Mass %
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.2
49.8
47.8
R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
R32
Mass %
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9
Leak condition
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
that results
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
Ship-
in WCFF
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
ping
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
liquid
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
side
side
side
side
side
side
WC
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
62.4
56.2
50.6
45.1
40.0
FF
(E)
HFO-1123
Mass %
28.0
31.6
33.0
33.4
32.5
30.5
R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.4
0.0
0.0
R32
Mass %
0.0
50.9
10.8
16.0
22.4
29.5
Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
velocity
(WCF)
Burning
velocity
(WCFF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
TABLE 102
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Ex. 41
Ex. 47
Ex. 53
Ex. 59
Ex. 64
WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.4
28.9
HFO-1123
Mass %
44.2
41.9
34.0
26.5
23.3
R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8
Leak condition
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
that
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
results in
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
WCFF
92%
92%
92%
90%
86%
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
liquid
liquid
liquid
gas
gas
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
side
side
side
side
side
WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
34.6
32.2
27.7
28.3
27.5
F
HFO-1123
Mass %
26.5
23.9
17.5
18.2
16.7
R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
R32
Mass %
38.9
43.9
54.8
53.5
55.8
Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8.3
9.3
9.6
velocity (WCF)
Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
velocity
(WCFF)
TABLE 103
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Ex. 9
Ex. 16
Ex. 22
Ex. 27
Ex. 32
Ex. 37
WCF
HFO-1132
Mass
61.7
47.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
28.8
(E)
%
HFO-1123
Mass
5.9
7.2
6.5
5.6
4.0
2.4
%
R1234yf
Mass
32.4
38.7
41.4
43.4
45.3
46.9
%
R32
Mass
0.0
7.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
21.9
%
Leak condition
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
that results in
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
0%
0%
0%
92%
0%
0%
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
gas
gas
gas
liquid
gas
gas
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
side
side
side
side
side
side
WCF
HFO-1132
Mass
72.0
56.2
50.4
46.0
42.4
39.1
F
(E)
%
HFO-1123
Mass
10.5
12.6
11.4
10.1
7.4
4.4
%
R1234yf
Mass
17.5
20.4
21.8
22.9
24.3
25.7
%
R32
Mass
0.0
10.8
16.3
21.0
25.9
30.8
%
Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
velocity
(WCF)
Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
velocity
(WCFF)
TABLE 104
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Comp.
Item
Ex. 42
Ex. 48
Ex. 54
Ex. 60
Ex. 65
WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
24.8
24.3
22.5
21.1
20.4
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
R1234yf
Mass %
48.5
46.4
40.8
34.8
31.8
R32
Mass %
26.7
29.3
36.7
44.1
47.8
Leak condition that
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
Storage/
results in
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
Shipping
WCFF
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
gas phase
side
side
side
side
side
WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
35.3
34.3
31.3
29.1
28.1
F
HFO-1123
Mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
R1234yf
Mass %
27.4
26.2
23.1
19.8
18.2
R32
Mass %
37.3
39.6
45.6
51.1
53.7
Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
(WCF)
Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
(WCFF)
The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a<11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a<26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a<36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) and point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I (0.0061a2 0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098).
Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table 106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.
TABLE 105
Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R23 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7
R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8
HFO-
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4
1132(E)
HFO-
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5
31.5
30.7
27.6
27.6
23.9
21.8
1123
R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R32
a
a
a
a
a
HFO-
0.026a2 −
0.02a2 −
0.0135a2 −
0.0111a2 −
0.0061a2 −
1132(E)
1.7478a +
1.6013a +
1.4068a +
1.3152a +
0.9918a +
Approx-
72.0
71.105 −
69.727
68.986
63.902
imate
expres-
sion
HFO-
−0.026a2 +
0.02a2 +
−0.0135a2 +
−0.0111a2 +
−0.0061a2 −
1123
0..7478a +
0..6013a +
0.4068a +
0.3152a +
0.0082a +
Approx-
28.0
28.895
30.273
31.014
36.098
imate
expres-
sion
R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
TABLE 106
Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7
R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8
HFO-
72.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
52.1
48.6
48.6
45.4
41.8
41.8
40.0
35.7
35.7
32.0
30.4
1132(E)
HFO-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1123
R1234yf
28.0
32.0
33.1
33.1
33.4
33.2
33.2
32.7
31.5
31.5
30.7
23.6
23.6
23.5
21.8
R32
a
a
a
x
x
HFO-
0.026a2 −
0.02a2 −
0.0135a2 −
0.0111a2 −
0.0061a2 −
1132(E)
1.7478a + 72.0
1.6013a + 71.105
1.4068a + 69.727
1.3152a + 68.986
0.9918a + 63.902
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
HFO-
0
0
0
0
0
1123
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
R1234yf
−0.026a2 +
−0.02a2 +
−0.0135a2 +
−0.0111a2 +
−0.0061a2 −
Approxi-
0.7478a + 28.0
0.6013a + 28.895
0.4068a + 30.273
0.3152a + 31.014
0.0082a + 36.098
mate
expres-
sion
The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant is determined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammability classification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)” in the following cases:
When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a<11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and point K′(0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a<26.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a<36.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′(−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0) and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).
Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line that connects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 and extends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table 108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.
TABLE 107
Item
1.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 > 26.7
47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7
R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8
HFO-
47.1
40.5
37
37.0
34.3
32.0
32.0
30.3
29.1
29.1
28.8
29.3
29.3
29.4
28.9
1132(E)
HFO-
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.9
51.2
49.8
49.8
47.8
44.2
44.2
41.9
34.0
34.0
26.5
23.3
1123
R1234yf
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R32
a
a
a
a
a
HFO-
0.0049a2 −
0.0243a2 −
0.0246a2 −
0.0183a2 −
−0.0134a2 +
1132(E)
0.9645a + 47.1
1.4161a + 49.725
1.4476a + 50.184
1.1399a + 46.493
1.0956a + 7.13
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
HFO-
−0.0049a2 −
−0.0243a2 +
−0.0246a2 +
−0.0183a2 +
0.0134a2 −
1123
0.0355a + 52.9
0.4161a + 50.275
0.4476a + 49.816
0.1399a + 53.507
2.0956a + 92.87
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
R1234yf
Approx-
0
0
0
0
0
imate
expres-
sion
TABLE 108
Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7
R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8
HFO-
61.7
47.0
41.0
41.0
36.5
32.5
32.5
28.8
24.8
24.8
24.3
22.5
22.5
21.1
20.4
1132(E)
HFO-
5.9
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.0
4.0
2.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1123
R1234yf
32.4
38.7
41.4
41.4
43.4
45.3
45.3
46.9
48.5
48.5
46.4
40.8
40.8
34.8
31.8
R32
x
x
x
x
x
HFO-
0.0514a2 −
0.0341a2 −
0.0196a2 −
−0.0051a2 −
−1.892a +
1132(E)
2.4353a + 61.7
2.1977a + 61.187
1.7863a + 58.515
0.0929a + 25.95
29.443
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
HFO-
−0.0323a2 +
−0.0236a2 +
−0.0079a2 −
0
0
1123
0.4122a + 5.9
0.34a + 5.636
0.1136a + 8.702
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
R1234yf
−0.0191a2 +
−0.0105a2 +
−0.0117a2 +
0.0051a2 −
0.892a +
Approx-
1.0231a + 32.4
0.8577a + 33.177
0.8999a + 32.783
1.0929a + 74.05
70.557
imate
expres-
sion
FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass %, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7 mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %, respectively.
Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner according to approximate calculation.
Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 109).
TABLE 109
Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7
46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7
R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8
HFO-
68.6
55.3
48.4
48.4
42.8
37
37
31.5
24.8
24.8
21.3
12.1
12.1
3.8
0
1132(E)
HFO-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1123
R1234yf
31.4
37.6
40.5
40.5
42.7
44.8
44.8
46.6
48.5
48.5
49.4
51.2
51.2
52.1
52.2
R32
a
a
a
a
a
HFO-
0.0134a2 −
0.0112a2 −
0.0107a2 −
0.0103a2 −
0.0085a2 −
1132(E)
1.9681a + 68.6
1.9337a + 68.484
1.9142a + 68.305
1.9225a + 68.793
1.8102a + 67.1
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
HFO-
0
0
0
0
0
1123
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
R1234yf
−0.0134a2 +
−0.0112a2 +
−0.0107a2 +
−0.0103a2 +
−0.0085a2 +
Approx-
0.9681a + 31.4
0.9337a + 31.516
0.9142a + 31.695
0.9225a + 31..207
0.8102a + 32.9
imate
expres-
sion
Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of the following five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 110).
TABLE 110
Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1
26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2
36.7 ≥R32 ≥26.7
46.7 ≥R32 ≥36.7
R32
0
7.1
11.1
11.1
14.5
18.2
18.2
21.9
26.7
26.7
29.3
36.7
36.7
44.1
47.8
HFO-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1132(E)
HFO-
58.7
47.8
42.3
42.3
37.8
33.1
33.1
28.5
22.9
22.9
19.9
11.7
11.8
3.9
0
1123
R1234yf
41.3
45.1
46.6
46.6
47.7
48.7
48.7
49.6
50.4
50.4
50.8
51.6
51.5
52.0
52.2
R32
a
a
a
a
a
HFO-
0
0
0
0
1132(E)
Approx-
0
imate
expres-
sion
HFO-
0.0144a2 −
0.0075a2 −
0.009a2 −
0.0046a2 −
0.0012a2 −
1123
1.6377a + 58.7
1.5156a + 58.199
1.6045a + 59.318
1.41a + 57.286
1.1659a + 52.95
Approx-
imate
expres-
sion
R1234yf
−0.0144a2 +
−0.0075a2 +
−0.009a2 +
−0.0046a2 +
−0.0012a2 +
Approx-
0.6377a + 41.3
0.5156a + 41.801
0.6045a + 40.682
0.41a + 42.714
0.1659a + 47.05
imate
expres-
sion
Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 111).
TABLE 111
Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
R32
0
7.1
11.1
HFO-1132(E)
0
0
0
HFO-1123
75.4
83.4
88.9
R1234yf
24.6
9.5
0
R32
a
HFO-1132(E)
0
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123
0.0224a2 + 0.968a + 75.4
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
−0.0224a2 − 1.968a + 24.6
Approximate
expression
Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.
Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of the following by calculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained (Table 112).
TABLE 112
Item
11.1 ≥ R32 > 0
R32
0
7.1
11.1
HFO-1132(E)
32.9
18.4
0
HFO-1123
67.1
74.5
88.9
R1234yf
0
0
0
R32
a
HFO-1132(E)
−0.2304a2 − 0.4062a + 32.9
Approximate
expression
HFO-1123
0.2304a2 − 0.5938a + 67.1
Approximate
expression
R1234yf
0
Approximate
expression
(5-4) Refrigerant D
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e., a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);
the line segment I is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and
the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments;
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and
the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments;
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and
the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),
point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ac is represented by coordinates (0.0181y2−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y2+1.2288y+280.904);
the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y2+0.7y+28); and
the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:
point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),
point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),
point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and
point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ab is represented by coordinates (0.0181y2−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y2+1.2288y+28.904);
the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−1.7y+72, y, −0.02y2+0.7y+28); and
the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and
point j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),
or on these line segments;
the line segment gi is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y2+1.4583y+6.604); and
the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:
point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),
point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and
point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),
or on these line segments;
the line segment gh is represented by coordinates (0.02y2−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y2+1.4583y+6.604); and
the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A and a GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such as polymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.
The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant D)
The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limited to the Examples.
The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results.
TABLE 113
Compar-
ative
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
ple
Exam-
ple
Exam-
ple
ple 13
ple
12
ple
14
ple
16
Item
Unit
I
11
J
13
K
15
L
WCF
HFO-
Mass %
72
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32
28.9
1132
(E)
R32
Mass %
0
10
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
R1234yf
Mass %
28
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4
Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Velocity
(WCF)
TABLE 114
Compar-
ative
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
ple
Exam-
ple
Exam-
ple 14
ple
19
ple
21
ple
Item
Unit
M
18
W
20
N
22
WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.6
(E)
R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6
R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.8
Leak condition
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
that
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
results in
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
WCFF
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
on
on
on
on
on
on
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas
the gas
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
phase
side
side
side
side
side
side
WCF
HFO-1132
Mass %
72.0
57.8
48.7
43.6
40.6
34.9
(E)
R32
Mass %
0.0
9.5
17.9
24.2
28.7
38.1
R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.7
33.4
32.2
30.7
27.0
Burning
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
Velocity
(WCF)
Burning
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
Velocity
(WCFF)
TABLE 115
Example
Example
23
Example
25
Item
Unit
O
24
P
WCF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5
HFO-1123
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7
R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8
Leak condition that results
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
in WCFF
Shipping, −40° C.,
Shipping, −40° C.,
Shipping, −40° C.,
0% release,
0% release,
0% release,
on the gas
on the gas
on the gas
phase side
phase side
phase side
WCFF
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
31.4
29.2
27.1
HFO-1123
Mass %
45.7
51.1
56.4
R1234yf
Mass %
23.0
19.7
16.5
Burning Velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
(WCF)
Burning Velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
(WCFF)
The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connects point I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments that connect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lower flammability.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP) ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5 K
Degree of subcooling: 5 K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE 116
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
Compar-
ative
ative
ative
ative
ative
ative
ative
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
ple 2
ple 3
ple 4
ple 5
ple 6
ple 7
Item
Unit
ple 1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
HFO-
Mass %
R410A
81.6
0.0
63.1
0.0
48.2
0.0
1132
(E)
R32
Mass %
18.4
18.1
36.9
36.7
51.8
51.5
R1234yf
Mass %
0.0
81.9
0.0
63.3
0.0
48.5
GWP
—
2088
125
125
250
250
350
350
COP
% (relative
100
98.7
103.6
98.7
102.3
99.2
102.2
Ratio
to R410A)
Refriger-
% (relative
100
105.3
62.5
109.9
77.5
112.1
87.3
ating
to R410A)
Capacity
Ratio
TABLE 117
Compar-
Compar-
ative
Compar-
ative
Exam-
ative
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
ple 8
Exam-
ple 10
Exam-
ple 2
Exam-
ple 4
Item
Unit
C
ple 9
C
ple 1
R
ple 3
T
HFO-
Mass %
85.5
66.1
52.1
37.8
25.5
16.6
8.6
1132
(E)
R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.6
R1234yf
Mass %
14.5
23.9
29.7
34.6
37.7
39.2
39.8
GWP
—
1
69
125
188
250
300
350
COP
% (relative
99.8
99.3
99.3
99.6
100.2
100.8
101.4
Ratio
to R410A)
Refriger-
% (relative
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
ating
to R410A)
Capacity
Ratio
TABLE 118
Compar-
Compar-
ative
ative
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
Exam-
ple 11
Exam-
ple 6
Exam-
ple 8
ple 12
Exam-
ple 10
Item
Unit
E
ple 5
N
ple 7
U
G
ple 9
V
HFO-
Mass %
58.3
40.5
27.7
14.9
3.9
39.6
22.8
11.0
1132
(E)
R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.2
27.6
36.7
0.0
10.0
18.1
R1234yf
Mass %
41.7
49.5
54.1
57.5
59.4
60.4
67.2
70.9
GWP
—
2
70
125
189
250
3
70
125
COP
% (relative
100.3
100.3
100.7
101.2
101.9
101.4
101.8
102.3
Ratio
to R410A)
Refriger-
% (relative
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
ating
to R410A)
Capacity
Ratio
TABLE 119
Comparative
Example 13
Example 12
Example 14
Example 16
Example 17
Item
Unit
I
Example 11
J
Example 13
K
Example 15
L
Q
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
72.0
57.2
48.5
41.2
35.6
32.0
28.9
44.6
R32
Mass %
0.0
10.0
18.3
27.6
36.8
44.2
51.7
23.0
R1234yf
Mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.6
23.8
19.4
32.4
GWP
—
2
69
125
188
250
300
350
157
COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.5
99.6
99.8
100.1
99.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
Capacity
R410A)
86.6
88.4
90.9
94.2
97.7
100.5
103.3
92.5
Ratio
TABLE 120
Comparative
Example 14
Example 19
Example 21
Item
Unit
M
Example 18
W
Example 20
N
Example 22
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.6
39.2
32.4
29.3
27.7
24.5
R32
Mass %
0.0
5.0
10.0
14.5
18.2
27.6
R1234yf
Mass %
47.4
55.8
57.6
56.2
54.1
47.9
GWP
—
2
36
70
100
125
188
COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.5
100.9
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.4
R410A)
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
77.1
74.8
75.6
77.8
80.0
85.5
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 121
Example
Example
Example
23
Example
25
26
Item
Unit
O
24
P
S
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
22.6
21.2
20.5
21.9
R32
Mass %
36.8
44.2
51.7
39.7
R1234yf
Mass %
40.6
34.6
27.8
38.4
GWP
—
250
300
350
270
COP Ratio
% (relative
100.4
100.5
100.6
100.4
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
91.0
95.0
99.1
92.5
Capacity Ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 122
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 15
Example 16
Example 17
Example 18
Example 27
Example 28
Example 19
Example 20
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
R32
Mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
R1234yf
Mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
GWP
—
37
37
37
36
36
36
35
35
COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.4
102.6
101.6
100.8
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relativie to
56.4
63.3
69.5
75.2
80.5
85.4
90.1
94.4
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 123
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparativie
Item
Unit
Example 21
Example 22
Example 29
Example 23
Example 30
Example 24
Example 25
Example 26
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
R32
Mass %
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
R1234yf
Mass %
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
GWP
—
71
71
70
70
70
69
69
69
COP Ratio
% (relative to
103.1
102.1
101.1
100.4
99.8
99.5
99.2
99.1
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
61.8
68.3
74.3
79.7
84.9
89.7
94.2
98.4
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 124
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 27
Example 31
Example 28
Example 32
Example 33
Example 29
Example 30
Example 31
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
R32
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R1234yf
Mass %
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
GWP
—
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
102
COP Ratio
% (relative to
102.7
101.6
100.7
100.0
99.5
99.2
99.0
98.9
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
66.6
72.9
78.6
84.0
89.0
93.7
98.1
102.2
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 125
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 32
Example 33
Example 34
Example 35
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 39
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
R1234yf
Mass %
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
65.0
GWP
—
138
138
137
137
137
136
136
171
COP Ratio
% (relative to
102.3
101.2
100.4
99.7
99.3
99.0
98.8
101.9
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
71.0
77.1
82.7
88.0
92.9
97.5
101.7
75.0
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 126
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 34
Example 40
Example 41
Example 42
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 35
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0
50.0
GWP
—
171
171
171
170
170
170
205
205
COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.9
100.1
99.6
99.2
98.9
98.7
101.6
100.7
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
81.0
86.6
91.7
96.5
101.0
105.2
78.9
84.8
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 127
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 46
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 36
Example 37
Example 38
Example 50
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
R32
Mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
R1234yf
Mass %
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
GWP
—
204
204
204
204
239
238
238
238
COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.0
99.5
99.1
98.8
101.4
100.6
99.9
99.4
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
90.2
95.3
100.0
104.4
82.5
88.3
93.7
98.6
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 128
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
Example 39
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0
R32
Mass %
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
45.0
R1234yf
Mass %
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
45.0
GWP
—
237
237
272
272
272
271
271
306
COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.0
98.8
101.3
100.6
99.9
99.4
99.0
101.3
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.2
107.5
86.0
91.7
96.9
101.8
106.3
89.3
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 129
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 40
Example 41
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 42
Example 61
Example 62
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
R32
Mass %
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
GWP
—
305
305
305
304
339
339
339
338
COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.0
99.5
99.1
101.3
100.6
100.0
99.5
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
94.9
100.0
104.7
109.2
92.4
97.8
102.9
107.5
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 130
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 43
Example 44
Example 45
Example 46
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
56.0
59.0
62.0
65.0
R32
Mass %
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
GWP
—
373
372
372
372
22
22
22
22
COP Ratio
% (relative to
101.4
100.7
100.1
99.6
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
95.3
100.6
105.6
110.2
81.7
83.2
84.6
86.0
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 131
Item
Unit
Example 47
Example 48
Example 49
Example 50
Example 51
Example 52
Example 53
Example 54
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
49.0
52.0
55.0
58.0
61.0
43.0
46.0
49.0
R32
Mass %
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
R1234yf
Mass %
45.0
42.0
39.0
36.0
33.0
48.0
45.0
42.0
GWP
—
43
43
43
43
42
63
63
63
COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.2
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.7
100.3
100.1
99.9
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.9
82.4
83.9
85.4
86.8
80.4
82.0
83.5
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 132
Item
Unit
Example 55
Example 56
Example 57
Example 58
Example 59
Example 60
Example 61
Example 62
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
52.0
55.0
58.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
50.0
R32
Mass %
9.0
9.0
9.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
R1234yf
Mass %
39.0
36.0
33.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0
GWP
—
63
63
63
83
83
83
83
83
COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.8
99.7
99.6
100.3
100.1
100.0
99.8
99.7
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
85.0
86.5
87.9
80.4
82.0
83.5
85.1
86.6
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 133
Item
Unit
Example 63
Example 64
Example 65
Example 66
Example 67
Example 68
Example 69
Example 70
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
53.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
48.0
51.0
R32
Mass %
12.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R1234yf
Mass %
35.0
52.0
49.0
46.0
43.0
40.0
37.0
34.0
GWP
—
83
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
COP Ratio
% (relative to
99.6
100.5
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.6
99.5
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
88.0
80.3
81.9
83.5
85.0
86.5
88.0
89.5
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 134
Item
Unit
Example 71
Example 72
Example 73
Example 74
Example 75
Example 76
Example 77
Example 78
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
44.0
47.0
36.0
R32
Mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
3.0
R1234yf
Mass %
53.0
50.0
47.0
44.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
61.0
GWP
—
124
124
124
124
124
123
123
23
COP Ratio
% (relative to
100.6
100.3
100.1
99.9
99.8
99.6
99.5
101.3
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
80.6
82.2
83.8
85.4
86.9
88.4
89.9
71.0
Capacity
R410A)
Ratio
TABLE 135
Item
Unit
Example 79
Example 80
Example 81
Example 82
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
39.0
42.0
30.0
33.0
R32
Mass %
3.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
R1234yf
Mass %
58.0
55.0
64.0
61.0
GWP
—
23
23
43
43
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
101.1
100.9
101.5
101.3
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
72.7
74.4
70.5
72.2
Ratio
R410A)
Example 83
Example 84
Example 85
Example 86
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
36.0
26.0
29.0
32.0
R32
Mass %
6.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
R1234yf
Mass %
58.0
65.0
62.0
59.0
GWP
—
43
64
64
63
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
101.0
101.6
101.3
101.1
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
73.9
71.0
72.8
74.5
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 136
Item
Unit
Example 87
Example 88
Example 89
Example 90
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
R32
Mass %
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
R1234yf
Mass %
67.0
64.0
61.0
58.0
GWP
—
84
84
84
84
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
101.8
101.5
101.2
101.0
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
70.8
72.6
74.3
76.0
Ratio
R410A)
Example 91
Example 92
Example 93
Example 94
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
16.0
19.0
22.0
25.0
R32
Mass %
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
R1234yf
Mass %
69.0
66.0
63.0
60.0
GWP
—
104
104
104
104
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
102.1
101.8
101.4
101.2
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
70.4
72.3
74.0
75.8
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 137
Item
Unit
Example 95
Example 96
Example 97
Example 98
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
28.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
R32
Mass %
15.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
R1234yf
Mass %
57.0
70.0
67.0
64.0
GWP
—
104
124
124
124
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.9
102.2
101.9
101.6
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
77.5
70.5
72.4
74.2
Ratio
R410A)
Example 99
Example 100
Example 101
Example 102
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
27.0
25.0
R32
Mass %
18.0
18.0
18.0
21.0
R1234yf
Mass %
61.0
58.0
55.0
54.0
GWP
—
124
124
124
144
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
101.3
101.0
100.7
100.7
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
76.0
77.7
79.4
80.7
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 138
Item
Unit
Example 103
Example 104
Example 105
Example 106
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
21.0
24.0
17.0
20.0
R32
Mass %
24.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
R1234yf
Mass %
55.0
52.0
56.0
53.0
GWP
—
164
164
185
185
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.9
100.6
101.1
100.8
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
80.8
82.5
80.8
82.5
Ratio
R410A)
Example 107
Example 108
Example 109
Example 110
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
23.0
13.0
16.0
19.0
R32
Mass %
27.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
R1234yf
Mass %
50.0
57.0
54.0
51.0
GWP
—
184
205
205
205
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.6
101.3
101.0
100.8
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
84.2
80.7
82.5
84.2
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 139
Item
Unit
Example 111
Example 112
Example 113
Example 114
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
22.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
R32
Mass %
30.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
R1234yf
Mass %
48.0
58.0
55.0
52.0
GWP
—
205
225
225
225
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.5
101.6
101.3
101.0
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
85.9
80.5
82.3
84.1
Ratio
R410A)
Example 115
Example 116
Example 117
Example 118
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
18.0
21.0
8.0
12.0
R32
Mass %
33.0
33.0
36.0
36.0
R1234yf
Mass %
49.0
46.0
56.0
52.0
GWP
—
225
225
245
245
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.8
100.5
101.6
101.2
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
85.8
87.5
82.0
84.4
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 140
Item
Unit
Example 119
Example 120
Example 121
Example 122
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
15.0
18.0
21.0
42.0
R32
Mass %
36.0
36.0
36.0
25.0
R1234yf
Mass %
49.0
46.0
43.0
33.0
GWP
—
245
245
245
170
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
101.0
100.7
100.5
99.5
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
86.2
87.9
89.6
92.7
Ratio
R410A)
Example 123
Example 124
Example 125
Example 126
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
39.0
34.0
37.0
30.0
R32
Mass %
28.0
31.0
31.0
34.0
R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
35.0
32.0
36.0
GWP
—
191
211
211
231
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.5
99.8
99.6
99.9
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
93.4
93.0
94.5
93.0
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 141
Item
Unit
Example 127
Example 128
Example 129
Example 130
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
33.0
36.0
24.0
27.0
R32
Mass %
34.0
34.0
37.0
37.0
R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
30.0
39.0
36.0
GWP
—
231
231
252
251
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.8
99.6
100.3
100.1
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
94.5
96.0
91.9
93.4
Ratio
R410A)
Example 131
Example 132
Example 133
Example 134
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
30.0
33.0
23.0
26.0
R32
Mass %
37.0
37.0
40.0
40.0
R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
30.0
37.0
34.0
GWP
—
251
251
272
272
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
99.9
99.8
100.4
100.2
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
95.0
96.5
93.3
94.9
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 142
Item
Unit
Example 135
Example 136
Example 137
Example 138
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
29.0
32.0
19.0
22.0
R32
Mass %
40.0
40.0
43.0
43.0
R1234yf
Mass %
31.0
28.0
38.0
35.0
GWP
—
272
271
292
292
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.0
99.8
100.6
100.4
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
96.4
97.9
93.1
94.7
Ratio
R410A)
Example 139
Example 140
Example 141
Example 142
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
25.0
28.0
31.0
18.0
R32
Mass %
43.0
43.0
43.0
46.0
R1234yf
Mass %
32.0
29.0
26.0
36.0
GWP
—
292
292
292
312
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.2
100.1
99.9
100.7
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
96.2
97.8
99.3
94.4
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 143
Item
Unit
Example 143
Example 144
Example 145
Example 146
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
21.0
23.0
26.0
29.0
R32
Mass %
46.0
46.0
46.0
46.0
R1234yf
Mass %
33.0
31.0
28.0
25.0
GWP
—
312
312
312
312
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
100.5
100.4
100.2
100.0
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
96.0
97.0
98.6
100.1
Ratio
R410A)
Example 147
Example 148
Example 149
Example 150
HFO-1132 (E)
Mass %
13.0
16.0
19.0
22.0
R32
Mass %
49.0
49.0
49.0
49.0
R1234yf
Mass %
38.0
35.0
32.0
29.0
GWP
—
332
332
332
332
COP Ratio
% (relative to R410A)
101.1
100.9
100.7
100.5
Refrigerating Capacity
% (relative to
93.5
95.1
96.7
98.3
Ratio
R410A)
TABLE 144
Item
Unit
Example 151
Example 152
HFO-1132(E)
Mass %
25.0
28.0
R32
Mass %
49.0
49.0
R1234yf
Mass %
26.0
23.0
GWP
—
332
332
COP Ratio
% (relative
100.3
100.1
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
99.8
101.3
Capacity Ratio
to R410A)
The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments U, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),
the line segment U is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0),
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7), and
the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4),
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02),
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4), and
the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments,
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488),
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365), and
the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments,
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235),
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874),
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512),
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324), and
the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.
The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments,
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9),
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874), and
the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.
(5-5) Refrigerant E
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-123), and difluoromethane (R32).
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has various properties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e., a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and a sufficiently low GWP.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′(0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
the line segment I is represented by coordinates
(0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
the line segment MP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment HR is represented by coordinates
(−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z),
the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates
(−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and
the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
the line segment DU is represented by coordinates
(−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z),
the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z), and
the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′(56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
point e′(41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′ and a′);
the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates
(−0.0297z2−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z2+1.1915z+43.3, z),
the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates
(−0.0535z2+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z2+0.6771z+46.043, z), and
the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),
point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and
point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);
the line segment cde is represented by coordinates
(−0.017z2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c′(56.7, 43.3, 0.0),
point d′(52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);
the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates
(−0.0297z2−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z2+1.1915z+43.3, z), and
the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably a refrigerant wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),
point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and
point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);
the line segment cd is represented by coordinates
(−0.017z2+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z2+0.9852z+22.316, z), and
the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.
The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant.
Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from a wide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.
(Examples of Refrigerant E)
The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limited to the Examples.
Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.
The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditions for equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.
For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured according to the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of the WCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, the flammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lower flammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.
A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a PC.
Tables 145 and 146 show the results.
TABLE 145
Item
Unit
I
J
K
L
WCF
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
35.5
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
27.5
R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0
Burning velocity (WCF)
cm/s
10
10
10
10
TABLE 146
Item
Unit
M
N
T
P
U
Q
WCF
HFO-
mass
47.1
38.5
34.8
31.8
28.7
28.6
1132(E)
%
HFO-1123
mass
52.9
52.1
51.0
49.8
41.2
34.4
%
R32
mass
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
30.1
37.0
%
Leak condition that results in
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
Storage,
WCFF
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
Shipping,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
−40° C.,
92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,
92%,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
release,
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
on the liquid
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
phase side
WCFF
HFO-
mass
72.0
58.9
51.5
44.6
31.4
27.1
1132 (E)
%
HFO-1123
mass
28.0
32.4
33.1
32.6
23.2
18.3
%
R32
mass
0.0
8.7
15.4
22.8
45.4
54.6
%
Burning velocity
cm/s
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
8 or less
(WCF)
Burning velocity
cm/s
10
10
10
10
10
10
(WCFF)
The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL that connect the following 3 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and
point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);
the line segment IK is represented by coordinates
(0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.00, z), and
the line segment KL is represented by coordinates
(0.0098z2−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z2+0.238z+32.148, z),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.
For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve (x=0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z2−1.7429z+72.00, y=100−z−x=−0.00922z2+0.2114z+32.443, z).
Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curve was determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10 (41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQ that connect the following 3 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.
In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segment PQ is represented by coordinates
(0.0135z2−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z2−0.0819z+55.867, z).
For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ, an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U, and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.
The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWP of HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 from HFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in WO2015/141678). The refrigerating capacity of compositions each comprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 was determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.
The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred to as “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 of the mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculation were as described below.
Evaporating temperature: 5° C.
Condensation temperature: 45° C.
Degree of superheating: 5K
Degree of subcooling: 5K
Compressor efficiency: 70%
Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.
TABLE 147
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
2
3
4
5
6
7
Item
Unit
1
A
B
A′
B′
A″
B″
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
R410A
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0
0.0
HFO-1123
mass %
0.0
90.5
0.0
81.6
0.0
63.0
R32
mass %
9.5
9.5
18.4
18.4
37.0
37.0
GWP
—
2088
65
65
125
125
250
250
COP ratio
%
100
99.1
92.0
98.7
93.4
98.7
96.1
(relative
to
R410A)
Refrigerating
%
100
102.2
111.6
105.3
113.7
110.0
115.4
capacity
(relative
ratio
to
R410A)
TABLE 148
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Comparative
Example
Example
8
9
Example
1
Example
11
Item
Unit
O
C
10
U
2
D
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
100.0
50.0
41.1
28.7
15.2
0.0
HFO-1123
mass %
0.0
31.6
34.6
41.2
52.7
67.0
R32
mass %
0.0
18.4
24.3
30.1
32.1
33.0
GWP
—
1
125
165
204
217
228
COP ratio
% (relative
99.7
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0
96.0
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
98.3
109.9
111.7
113.5
114.8
115.4
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 149
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
12
Example
3
4
14
Item
Unit
E
13
T
S
F
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
53.4
43.4
34.8
25.4
0.0
HFO-1123
mass %
46.6
47.1
51.0
56.2
74.1
R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
14.2
18.4
25.9
GWP
—
1
65
97
125
176
COP ratio
% (relative to
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5
94.5
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
105.6
109.2
110.8
112.3
114.8
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 150
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
15
Example
6
Example
16
Item
Unit
G
5
R
7
H
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.5
31.5
23.1
16.9
0.0
HFO-1123
mass %
61.5
63.5
67.4
71.1
84.2
R32
mass %
0.0
5.0
9.5
12.0
15.8
GWP
—
1
35
65
82
107
COP ratio
% (relative to
R410A)
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
93.0
Refrigerating
% (relative to
107.0
109.1
110.9
111.9
113.2
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 151
Comparative
Example
Comparative
17
Example 8
Example 9
Comparative
Example 19
Item
Unit
I
J
K
Example 18
L
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
72.0
57.7
48.4
41.1
35.5
HFO-1123
mass %
28.0
32.8
33.2
31.2
27.5
R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
27.7
37.0
GWP
—
1
65
125
188
250
COP ratio
% (relative to
96.6
95.8
95.9
96.4
97.1
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
103.1
107.4
110.1
112.1
113.2
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 152
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example 20
10
11
12
Item
Unit
M
N
P
Q
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
47.1
38.5
31.8
28.6
HFO-1123
mass %
52.9
52.1
49.8
34.4
R32
mass %
0.0
9.5
18.4
37.0
GWP
—
1
65
125
250
COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
94.1
94.7
96.9
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
106.2
109.7
112.0
114.1
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 153
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
22
23
24
14
15
16
25
26
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
HFO-1123
mass %
85.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
R32
mass %
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
GWP
—
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
COP ratio
%
91.7
92.2
92.9
93.7
94.6
95.6
96.7
97.7
(relative
to
R410A)
Refrigerating
%
110.1
109.8
109.2
108.4
107.4
106.1
104.7
103.1
capacity
(relative
ratio
to
R410A)
TABLE 154
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
27
28
29
17
18
19
30
31
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
90.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
R32
mass %
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
GWP
—
35
68
68
68
68
68
68
68
COP ratio
%
98.8
92.4
92.9
93.5
94.3
95.1
96.1
97.0
(relative
to
R410A)
Refrigerating
%
101.4
111.7
111.3
110.6
109.6
108.5
107.2
105.7
capacity
(relative
ratio
to
R410A)
TABLE 155
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative
Example
Item
Unit
32
20
21
22
23
24
Example 33
34
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
HFO-1123
mass %
10.0
75.0
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
R32
mass %
10.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
GWP
—
68
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
COP ratio
% (relative
98.0
93.1
93.6
94.2
94.9
95.6
96.5
97.4
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
104.1
112.9
112.4
111.6
110.6
109.4
108.1
106.6
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 156
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
HFO-1132(E)
ass %
80.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
HFO-1123
mass %
5.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
R32
mass %
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
GWP
—
102
136
136
136
136
136
136
136
COP ratio
% (relative
98.3
93.9
94.3
94.8
95.4
96.2
97.0
97.8
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
105.0
113.8
113.2
112.4
111.4
110.2
108.8
107.3
capacity
to R410A)
ratio
TABLE 157
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
10.0
HFO-1123
mass %
65.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
25.0
15.0
5.0
60.0
R32
mass %
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
30.0
GWP
—
170
170
170
170
170
170
170
203
COP ratio
% (relative
94.6
94.9
95.4
96.0
96.7
97.4
98.2
95.3
to R410A)
Refrigerating
%
114.4
113.8
113.0
111.9
110.7
109.4
107.9
114.8
capacity
(relative
ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 158
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
51
52
53
54
55
25
26
56
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
55.0
45.0
35.0
R32
mass %
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
GWP
—
203
203
203
203
203
237
237
237
COP ratio
% (relative
95.6
96.0
96.6
97.2
97.9
96.0
96.3
96.6
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
114.2
113.4
112.4
111.2
109.8
115.1
114.5
113.6
capacity
to R410A)
ratio
TABLE 159
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
40.0
50.0
60.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
HFO-1123
mass %
25.0
15.0
5.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
GWP
—
237
237
237
271
271
271
271
271
COP ratio
% (relative to
97.1
97.7
98.3
96.6
96.9
97.2
97.7
98.2
R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative to
112.6
111.5
110.2
115.1
114.6
113.8
112.8
111.7
capacity ratio
R410A)
TABLE 160
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
38.0
40.0
42.0
44.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0
HFO-1123
mass %
60.0
58.0
56.0
54.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
R32
mass %
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
GWP
—
14
14
14
14
28
28
28
28
COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.7
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
107.7
107.5
107.3
107.2
108.6
108.4
108.2
108.0
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 161
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
43.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
41.0
27.0
HFO-1123
mass %
53.0
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
65.0
R32
mass %
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
GWP
—
28
41
41
41
41
41
41
55
COP ratio
% (relative
93.9
93.1
93.2
93.4
93.6
93.7
93.9
93.0
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
107.8
109.5
109.3
109.1
109.0
108.8
108.6
110.3
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 162
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
29.0
31.0
33.0
35.0
37.0
39.0
32.0
32.0
HFO-1123
mass %
63.0
61.0
59.0
57.0
55.0
53.0
51.0
50.0
R32
mass %
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
17.0
18.0
GWP
—
55
55
55
55
55
55
116
122
COP ratio
% (relative
93.2
93.3
93.5
93.6
93.8
94.0
94.5
94.7
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
110.1
110.0
109.8
109.6
109.5
109.3
111.8
111.9
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 163
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
30.0
27.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0
13.0
HFO-1123
mass %
52.0
42.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
54.0
52.0
R32
mass %
18.0
31.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.0
35.0
35.0
GWP
—
122
210
223
223
223
223
237
237
COP ratio
% (relative
94.5
96.0
96.0
96.1
96.2
96.3
96.0
96.0
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
112.1
113.7
114.3
114.2
114.0
113.8
115.0
114.9
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 164
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
11.0
HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
52.0
R32
mass %
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
37.0
GWP
—
237
237
237
237
237
237
237
250
COP ratio
% (relative
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.5
96.2
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2
114.1
113.9
115.1
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 165
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
13.0
15.0
17.0
15.0
17.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
HFO-1123
mass %
50.0
48.0
46.0
50.0
48.0
46.0
44.0
42.0
R32
mass %
37.0
37.0
37.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
GWP
—
250
250
250
237
237
237
237
237
COP ratio
% (relative
96.3
96.4
96.4
96.1
96.2
96.2
96.3
96.4
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
115.0
114.9
114.7
114.8
114.7
114.5
114.4
114.2
capacity ratio
to R410A)
TABLE 166
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Item
Unit
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
HFO-1132(E)
mass %
25.0
27.0
11.0
19.0
21.0
23.0
25.0
27.0
HFO-1123
mass %
40.0
38.0
52.0
44.0
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
R32
mass %
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
GWP
—
237
237
250
250
250
250
250
250
COP ratio
% (relative
96.4
96.5
96.2
96.5
96.5
96.6
96.7
96.8
to R410A)
Refrigerating
% (relative
114.1
113.9
115.1
114.6
114.5
114.3
114.1
114.0
capacity ratio
to R410A)
The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),
point B′(0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following 4 points:
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),
point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and
point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and
point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates (−0.0538z2+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z2−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the line segment UD is represented by coordinates
(−3.4962z2+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z2−211.71z+3246.1, z).
The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points, i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points, i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),
point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and
point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates (−0.0547z2−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z2−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segment TF is represented by coordinates
(−0.0982z2+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z2−1.9622z+59.069, z).
The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points, i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points, i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.
The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the left side of line segments that connect the following 3 points:
point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),
point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and
point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),
or on these line segments,
the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that of R410A.
In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates (−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segment RH is represented by coordinates
(−0.3123z2+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z2−5.234z+88.94, z).
The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points, i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.
The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points, i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.
In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13, 15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relatively high; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, or polymerization in the refrigerant compound.
(6) First Embodiment
A refrigeration cycle illustrated in FIG. 16 is a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant. In FIG. 16, reference sign 1 denotes a compressor, 2 denotes a use-side heat exchanger, 3 denotes a heat-source-side heat exchanger, and 4 denotes a first capillary tube that acts as an expansion mechanism. The devices are connected via a four-way switching valve 5 to constitute a reversible cycle. Reference sign 6 denotes an accumulator.
In the present embodiment, the refrigeration cycle is filled with a refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, and can use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E.
In the refrigeration cycle, the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 is divided into a first heat exchange section 31 and a second heat exchange section 32. The first and second heat exchange sections 31 and 32 are connected in series via a second capillary tube 7 serving as a decompression mechanism. During heating operation, the second capillary tube 7 decreases the evaporation pressure of the mixed refrigerant while the mixed refrigerant flows through the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3. Reference sign 8 denotes a check valve provided to cause the mixed refrigerant to bypass the second capillary tube 7 during cooling operation.
The compressor 1, the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3, the first capillary tube 4, the four-way switching valve 5, the accumulator 6, and the second capillary tube 7 are disposed in a heat source unit 50 situated outside a room. The use-side heat exchanger 2 is disposed in a use unit 60 situated inside the room.
As illustrated in FIG. 17, the use unit 60 has a rear surface that is fixed to a side wall WL in the room. The indoor air flows into the use-side heat exchanger 2 from the front-surface side (the left side in FIG. 17) and the upper-surface side of the use unit 60. The use-side heat exchanger 2 includes a third heat exchange section 21 located on the front-surface side of the use unit 60, and a fourth heat exchange section 22 located on the rear-surface side of the use unit 60. An upper portion of the fourth heat exchange section 22 is located near an upper portion of the third heat exchange section 21. The third heat exchange section 21 extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward the front-surface side of the use unit 60. The fourth heat exchange section 22 extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward the rear-surface side of the use unit 60. The capacity of the refrigerant flow path of the third heat exchange section 21 is larger than the capacity of the refrigerant flow path of the fourth heat exchange section 22. The air velocity of the air passing through the third heat exchange section 21 is fast and the air velocity of the air passing through the fourth heat exchange section 22 is slow. The third heat exchange section 21 and the fourth heat exchange section are designed to have the capacities of the refrigerant flow paths in accordance with the air velocities. Thus, the efficiency of heat exchange of the use-side heat exchanger 2 is increased.
Next, setting of the decompression amount of each of the capillary tubes 4 and 7 is described based on the Mollier diagram in FIG. 18.
In FIG. 18, T1 is an isotherm indicating a frost limit temperature (for example, −3° C.) and T2 is an isotherm indicating a standard outside air temperature (for example, 7° C.) during heating operation.
The decompression amount of the first capillary tube 4 on the inlet side of the first heat exchange section 31 is set to a pressure P1 with which the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet of the first heat exchange section 31 becomes a temperature T3 that is slightly higher than the frost limit temperature T1 during heating operation.
The decompression amount of the second capillary tube 7 disposed between the first and second heat exchange sections 31 and 32 is determined in accordance with the temperature gradient of the mixed refrigerant. Specifically, the decompression amount of the second capillary tube 7 is set to attain decompression to a pressure P2 with which the evaporation temperature at the inlet of the second heat exchange section 32 becomes a temperature T5 that is equal to or higher than the frost limit temperature T1 and the evaporation temperature at the outlet of the second heat exchange section 32 becomes a temperature T6 that is lower than the standard outside air temperature T2.
Next, the operation of the refrigeration cycle is described.
During heating operation, the four-way switching valve (5) is switched to the state indicated by solid lines in FIG. 16, thereby forming a heating cycle. When the compressor 1 is driven, the mixed refrigerant circulates through the compressor 1, the use-side heat exchanger 2, the first capillary tube 4, the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3, and the accumulator 6 in that order. A change in state of the mixed refrigerant due to the circulation is described using the Mollier diagram in FIG. 18.
The mixed refrigerant is discharged as a high-temperature high-pressure gas with a pressure P0 from the compressor 1 (point C1 in FIG. 18). Then, the gas refrigerant is condensed under the same pressure in the use-side heat exchanger 2, and hence the refrigerant is turned into the refrigerant in a liquid state (C2). Next, the refrigerant is expanded (decompressed) in the first capillary tube 4, the refrigerant becomes a state with the pressure P1, and the refrigerant flows into the first heat exchange section 31 of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 (C3).
The refrigerant which has flowed into the first heat exchange section 31 starts evaporating at a temperature T3 that is higher than the frost limit temperature T1 near the inlet of the first heat exchange section 31. Due to the evaporation, the evaporation temperature near the outlet of the first heat exchange section 31 increases to T4 (however, T2 or less) (C4). The mixed refrigerant which has flowed out from the first heat exchange section 31 is decompressed in the second capillary tube 7 again and the pressure thereof becomes the pressure P2. By this, the evaporation temperature at the inlet of the second heat exchange section 32 decreases to a temperature T5 that is lower than the evaporation temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchange section 31 and that is higher than the frost limit temperature T1 (C5).
By the evaporation in the second heat exchange section 32, the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant increases, and the refrigerant becomes the gas refrigerant at a temperature T6 that is lower than the standard outside air temperature T2 near the outlet of the second heat exchange section 32. Then, the refrigerant returns to the compressor 1 and is compressed again.
In this way, since the second capillary tube 7 serving as a decompression mechanism is provided between the first heat exchange section 31 and the second heat exchange section 32 of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3, the difference in the evaporation temperature between the inlet and the outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 decreases. In other words, in the refrigeration cycle, the degree of increase in the evaporation temperature in the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 decreases. Accordingly, the evaporation temperature can be shifted within a proper evaporation temperature. The difference between the outside air temperature and the evaporation temperature can be ensured while frost (frosting) in the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 is avoided. With the advantageous effects, in the refrigeration cycle, the efficiency of heat exchange of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 increases.
Moreover, in the refrigeration cycle, even when a mixed refrigerant having a large temperature gradient of the evaporation temperature is used, a decrease in the capacity of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 is suppressed.
When the four-way switching valve 5 is switched to a state indicated by broken lines, a cooling operation can be performed. This is, however, like related art, and the description is omitted.
(7) Second Embodiment
A refrigeration cycle illustrated in FIG. 19 is a heat pump refrigeration apparatus using a nonazeotropic refrigerant similarly to the above-described refrigeration cycle according to the first embodiment. The different point from the first embodiment is that the composition of the mixed refrigerant is changed to allow the capacity to be increased or decreased in accordance with the load. Specifically, a gas-liquid separator 9 is provided between third and fourth capillary tubes 41 and 42 that operate as an expansion mechanism. A container 11 for storing a refrigerant is provided in a suction gas pipe 10. One end of the container 11 is connected to a gas region of the gas-liquid separator 9 via a first open-close valve 12. The other end of the container 11 is connected to the suction gas pipe 10 via the second open-close valve 13.
Bringing the second open-close valve 13 into a closed state and the first open-close valve 12 into an open state allows the mixed refrigerant with a large proportion of a low-boiling-point refrigerant to flow into the container 11 from the gas-liquid separator 9, and hence the refrigerant can be condensed and stored. Accordingly, the composition ratio of a high-boiling-point refrigerant in the circulating mixed refrigerant increases, and the capacity can be decreased.
Moreover, bringing the second open-close valve 13 into an open state and the first open-close valve 12 into a closed state allows the composition ratio of the mixed refrigerant to be returned to the original state and the capacity is increased.
The other configurations are similar to those of the first embodiment, and hence the same reference sign as that of the configuration according to the first embodiment is applied in FIG. 19 and the description is omitted.
In each embodiment described above, the evaporation pressure in the heating operation has two steps; however, the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 may be divided into three or more sections, decompression mechanisms may be provided between the divided heat exchange sections, and the evaporation pressure may be changed by three or more steps.
In each embodiment described above, the capillary tube 7 is provided as a decompression mechanism; however, a decompression mechanism may be constituted by determining the inner diameter of the heat transfer tube of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 so as to obtain a proper decompression gradient.
Moreover, the decompression amount of the decompression mechanism may not be set such that the evaporation temperature at the inlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger 3 is equal to or higher than the frost limit temperature during heating operation.
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and it is understood that the embodiments and details can be modified in various ways without departing from the idea and scope of the present disclosure described in the claims.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
1 compressor
2 use-side heat exchanger
3 heat-source-side heat exchanger
4 first capillary tube (expansion mechanism)
7 second capillary tube (decompression mechanism)
21 third heat exchange section
22 fourth heat exchange section
31 first heat exchange section
32 second heat exchange section
41 third capillary tube (expansion mechanism)
42 fourth capillary tube (expansion mechanism)
60 use unit
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 57-198968
Claims
1. A refrigeration cycle using a refrigerant which is a flammable refrigerant and which contains at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), comprising:
a compressor;
a heat-source-side heat exchanger;
an expansion mechanism;
a use-side heat exchanger; and
a decompression mechanism that decompresses, between an inlet and an outlet of the heat-source-side heat exchanger, the mixed refrigerant flowing through the heat-source-side heat exchanger that functions as an evaporator.
2. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein
the decompression mechanism decompresses the refrigerant flowing through the heat-source-side heat exchanger in accordance with a temperature gradient of the refrigerant.
3. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein
the heat-source-side heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange section and a second heat exchange section, and
the decompression mechanism is disposed between the first heat exchange section and the second heat exchange section.
4. The refrigeration cycle according to claim 1, wherein
the use-side heat exchanger is disposed in a use unit, and includes a third heat exchange section located on a front-surface side of the use unit, and a fourth heat exchange section located on a rear-surface side of the use unit,
an upper portion of the fourth heat exchange section is located near an upper portion of the third heat exchange section,
the third heat exchange section extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward the front-surface side of the use unit,
the fourth heat exchange section extends obliquely downward from the upper portion thereof toward the rear-surface side of the use unit, and
a capacity of a refrigerant flow path of the third heat exchange section is larger than a capacity of a refrigerant flow path of the fourth heat exchange section.
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0),
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and
point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD, CO, and OA);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:
point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG);
the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),
point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x2−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x2+28.955x−831.91),
the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:
point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),
point C′(19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and
point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BD and CJ);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43)
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x2−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x2−0.3329x+19.6),
the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0067x2−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x2−0.3966x+20.271), and
the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segment BF);
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:
point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),
point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),
point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and
point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),
or on the above line segments;
the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x, −0.1135x2+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x2−13.112x+380.43),
the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x2−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x2−0.2393x+36.475), and
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:
point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),
point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),
point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),
point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),
point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and
point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),
or on the above line segments,
the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x2−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x2−0.0527x+42.503),
the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0029x2−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x2+0.0268x+41.3),
the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x2−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x2−0.2499x+38.2),
the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x, −0.0017x2−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x2−0.2131x+29.112), and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and
the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:
point G (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),
point I (0.026a2−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a2+0.7478a+28.0),
point A (0.0134a2−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a2+0.9681a+31.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′(0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a<18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),
point I (0.02a2−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a2+0.6013a+28.895),
point A (0.0112a2−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a2+0.9337a+31.516),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),
point I (0.0135a2−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a2+0.4068a+30.273),
point A (0.0107a2−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a2+0.9142a+31.695),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),
point I (0.0111a2−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a2+0.3152a+31.014),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:
point G (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),
point I (0.0061a2−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a2−0.0082a+36.098),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B, and point W).
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,
if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0049a2−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a2−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0514a2−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a2+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a2+1.0231a+32.4),
point B (0.0, 0.0144a2−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a2+0.6377a+41.3),
point D′(0.0, 0.0224a2+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a2−1.968a+24.6), and
point C (−0.2304a2−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a2−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and point C);
if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0243a2−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a2+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),
point K′(0.0341a2−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a2+0.34a+5.636, −0.0105a2+0.8577a+33.177),
point B (0.0, 0.0075a2−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a2+0.5156a+41.801), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:
point J (0.0246a2−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a2+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),
point K′ (0.0196a2−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a2−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a2+0.8999a+32.783),
point B (0.0, 0.009a2−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a2+0.6045a+40.682), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W);
if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (0.0183a2−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a2+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),
point K′ (−0.0051a2+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a2−1.0929a+74.05),
point A (0.0103a2−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a2+0.9225a+31.207),
point B (0.0, 0.0046a2−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a2+0.41a+42.714), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W); and
if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:
point J (−0.0134a2+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a2−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),
point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),
point A (0.0085a2−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a2+0.8102a+32.9),
point B (0.0, 0.0012a2−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a2+0.1659a+47.05), and
point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),
or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and point W).
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),
point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;
the line segment I is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y2+0.7616y+28.0);
the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y2−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7); and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:
point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),
point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),
point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and
point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y2−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y2+2.34y+47.4);
the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates (0.0596y2−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y2+1.2541y+51.02);
the line segment VG is represented by coordinates (0.0123y2−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4); and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:
point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),
point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and
point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),
or on these line segments;
the line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y2−0.3299y+62.488);
the line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:
point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),
point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and
point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),
or on these line segments;
the line segment QR is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235);
the line segment RT is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874);
the line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y2−0.1158y+38.512);
the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates (0.0095y2−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324); and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),
point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and
point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),
or on these line segments;
the line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y2−0.2897y+59.9);
the line segment ST is represented by coordinates (0.0082y2−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874); and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),
wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GI);
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:
point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),
point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);
the line segment I is represented by coordinates
(0.025z2−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z2+0.7429z+28.0, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32) wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),
point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),
point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H and GM);
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:
point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),
point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),
point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and
point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);
the line segment MN is represented by coordinates
(0.0083z2−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z2−0.016z+52.9, z),
the line segment RG is represented by coordinates
(−0.0491z2−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z2+0.1544z+61.5, z), and
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:
the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32) wherein
when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:
point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),
point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),
point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and
point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),
or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D);
