MULTI-FUNCTIONAL AND MULTIMODAL ERGONOMIC/THERAPEUTIC CHAIR AND INTERFACE SYSTEM

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Bypass Continuation of International Application No. PCT/US 2024/034388, filed Jun. 17, 2024, which claims priority to (1) European Union Design Application No. EM 015024759-0001, filed Jun. 15, 2023, (2) European Union Design Application No. EM 015024759-0002, filed Jun. 15, 2023, and (3) United States International Design Application No. Ser. No. 35/003,195, filed Dec. 14, 2023 (WIPO Hague Reference No. 970215669), the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to a chair and system, and more particularly, to a multi-functional and multimodal chair and system for therapeutic and/or ergonomic uses.

BACKGROUND

In industrial, commercial, clinical and leisure applications, users are often required to remain seated or standing in one position for extended periods of time. More often, workers are employed in jobs that require mostly sitting. Sitting can lead to various health issues, including muscle weakness, back, neck, arm or leg pain, nerve pain, etc. A person may not be motivated, or does not know how to re-align and modify posture, which produces discomfort or how to exercise or perform other activities that may counteract the bad effects of sitting for long periods.

In addition, workers with various health issues may be subject to chronic or recurring pain in certain localities and regions of the body. In many cases, this may be caused by inadvertently relegating to a certain posture or improper posture while sitting in a chair, or may be caused by a chair's physical structure and non-ergonomic or generic ergonomic design, or also relying on the passive support of the generic chair components.

Further, these workers may also be required to perform certain functions while seated. Flexibility and ease of positioning equipment is highly desirable to suit the individual needs of a user, their specific preferences in a position or a variety of positions and to suit the industrial, commercial, clinical, and leisure operations in which they are engaged. Being seated during work may place stress on the spine and upper/lower back and neck of the user. When working from a seated position, the core is usually not adequately supported and reaching or leaning to perform tasks or reach an instrument or object may put unnecessary strain on the body. Sustained sitting in a slouching posture may cause creep of an intervertebral discs/tissue and consequently even produce leg or arm nerve pain.

According to a survey by the American Osteopathic Association, about 70% of office workers in the United States experience discomfort, fatigue, stiffness or pain in the spine or referred from the spine due to prolonged sitting in their chairs. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) reports that 8 out of 10 adults will face a challenge of spinal pain at some point in their lives, when sitting for extended periods.

Accordingly, there is needed a new and innovative solution for an ergonomic and therapeutic chair (and design) and related interface system to assist in reducing or alleviating the above negative health conditions and effects experienced by users.

SUMMARY

This disclosure provides a multi-functional, multimodal and multi-adjustable chair (and system) for ergonomic and/or therapeutic purposes.

In an embodiment, there is provided an ergonomic/therapeutic chair having a central frame coupled to and configured to support an upper body portion and an arm structure. The chair includes a seat portion coupled to the central frame, and the seat portion has a seat housing, a seat support mount configured to adjustably rotate between a first seat position and a second seat position with respect to the seat housing, and a seat rigidly connected to the seat support mount. A base portion is coupled to and configured to support the seat portion, and further includes a chair base and a chair height adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a height of the central frame and the seat portion with respect to the chair base. The upper body portion includes a backrest and a separate adjustable headrest movable with respect the backrest. The arm structure also includes a right armrest and a left armrest wherein the arm structure is configured to rotate both the right armrest and the left armrest about an armrest pivot axis and between a first armrest position and a second armrest position.

In another embodiment, there is provided an ergonomic/therapeutic chair including a central frame, a base portion, a seat portion, an upper body portion and an arm structure. The seat portion is coupled to the central frame and includes a seat configured to adjustably rotate between a first seat position and a second seat position with respect to the central frame. The arm structure further includes a right armrest and a left armrest, and the arm structure is configured to rotate both the right armrest and the left armrest about an armrest pivot axis from a first armrest position to a second armrest position, and the second armrest position is about 180 degrees from the first armrest position.

In yet another embodiment, there is provided an ergonomic/therapeutic chair having a base portion coupled to and configured to support the chair, and having a chair base and a chair height adjustment mechanism for adjusting a height of the chair. The chair includes a seat portion coupled to the base portion, and the seat portion includes a seat housing and a seat assembly configured to adjustably rotate between a first seat position and a second seat position. A central frame has a first end coupled to the seat portion and a second end coupled to an upper body/arm assembly frame structure which is configured to support an arm structure and an upper body portion having a backrest and an adjustable headrest. The arm structure includes first and second armrests, and is configured to collectively rotate both the first and second armrests between a first armrest position and a second armrest position and about an armrest pivot axis.

Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of this disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1A and 1B are left and right side views illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional multimodal chair in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 1C and 1D are front and rear views illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 1E and 1F are top and bottom views illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are top and right side views illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair having a solid seat;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are front side and back side perspective views illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in a first configuration or mode;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are front side and back side perspective views illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in a second configuration or mode;

FIG. 6 is a back side perspective view illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in a third configuration or mode;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in the first configuration or mode (as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B);

FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in the third configuration or mode (as shown in FIG. 6); and

FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional chair in another configuration or mode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed herein is a multi-functional, multimodal chair and interface system, article of manufacture and methods for therapeutic and/or ergonomic uses. The following description is provided to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the various embodiments. Descriptions of specific devices, techniques, and applications are provided only as examples. Various modifications to the examples described herein can be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other examples and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the various embodiments.

Throughout this specification, reference to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” ‘one example,’ or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, features, structures, or characteristics described herein may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Although numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that these embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations may not be shown or described in detail for purposes of brevity.

It will be appreciated that terms such as “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “side,” “up,” “down,” “rear,” “forward,” “above,” and “below,” if used herein, are for ease of description and refer to the orientation of the components as shown in the figures. It should be understood that any orientation of the components described herein is within the scope of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 1 through 9, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of this disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of this disclosure may be implemented for any suitably arranged engine.

One of the preventive strategies to mitigate discomfort and pain related to prolonged sitting has been personalization of user alignment in real time and dynamic seating with an open hip angle. Typically, such designs include features such as saddle seats, split seats, or adjustable seat angles to alter the sitting posture alignment. However, despite the wealth of the research data, prior art designs and chair configurations are lacking and fall short of preventing these issues.

Through her many years of experience personalizing seating solutions for people with chronic, complex spinal and nerve related pain at their worksites, leisure and at home, the inventor has developed an innovative design for a new chair with multimodal capabilities and purposes. For example, the concepts and chair design described herein may provide an ergonomic chair having preventative effects/benefits and/or an ergo-therapeutic chair that having therapeutic effects/benefits to users who may have a history of spinal degeneration/dysfunction/derangement or other health problems.

The innovative chair design(s) of the present disclosure may allow for a variable, rapid, real time spine and hip alignment in combined planes. An oval-shaped seat rotating by 90 degrees may facilitate a marked change of spine and hip range of motion along with the alteration of pressure points at the body-chair interface, specific to the user's needs during control of discomfort, muscle fatigue or nerve irritation.

The chair described in the present disclosure may enable an educated user to perform a successful process of body re-alignment with guidance from a practitioner such as the inventor or using other media developed specifically for use with the chair (e.g., a web application, video, etc.). The steps/process applied to the chair and the user body re-alignment are based on scientific factors related to a healthy spine position (reduced pressure on intervertebral discs, joints, nerves and muscles) and an optimal task proximity. A change of body position may occur in several planes of motion, while maintaining forward facing proximity to the task at hand (a reclining chair forces a movement of the head and arms away from the task).

Also, there has been little to no mentioning of asymmetrical posturing in users with asymmetrical pain or discomfort or fatigue. Research has confirmed frequent asymmetrical or unilateral disc protrusions or nerve/joint disorders yet prior art chair designs appear to only promote symmetrical solutions or it has been unclear on how to use combined planes of posture to reduce asymmetrical pain/discomfort/fatigue.

In the process, each step in body correction and a chair adjustment to reduce unwanted sensations may begin with a short video or presentation of prerecorded information or an informed user may intuitively self-regulate the posture. The user may save or otherwise record the steps and adjustments he/she made which led to an effective self-regulation of comfort. These steps may create a bank of individualized rapid solutions, thus an intentional prevention may allow for a progressive behavior modification.

Now referring to FIGS. 1A-1F and 2, there are shown various views illustrating embodiments of a multi-functional, multi-modal, multi-adjustable chair 10 in accordance with the present disclosure. FIGS. 1A and 1B are left and right side views, FIGS. 1C-1D are front and back views, FIGS. 1E and 1F are top and bottom views, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view.

These figures illustrate embodiments of the chair 10 that includes a central frame 20, a seat portion 22, an upper body portion 24, an arm structure 26 and a base portion 28. The central frame 20 includes a lower support member 50, an upper body/arm assembly frame structure 56 and a backrest height adjustment mechanism 21. The lower support member 50 has one end coupled to the seat portion 22 and another end coupled to the frame structure 56. The lower support member 50 is configured to extend horizontally rearward from the seat portion 22 (e.g., housing 30) and then generally upward towards the frame structure 56 which has a generally rectangular shape-as shown. In embodiments, the lower support member 50 and the upper body/arm assembly frame structure 56 may be constructed of any suitable material(s) having sufficient strength and stiffness for the intended purpose, including metal, such as steel, aluminum, alloys, or plastic or non-metal material, such as fiber-reinforced composites and/or carbon fiber, or a combination thereof.

The backrest height adjustment mechanism 21 is configured for adjusting collectively a height of the back and the arms of the chair (e.g., the arm structure 26 and the upper body portion 24) with respect to the seat portion 22. In other words, the back and arms of the chair 10 may be adjusted together up or down depending on the torso size/height of a user (this is different from the chair height adjustment with respect to the base portion 28).

The backrest height adjustment mechanism 21 may be any assembly or structure that provides the height adjusting function, as described. As will be appreciated, various well-known backrest height adjustment mechanisms exist in the prior art, such as a sliding or telescoping structure with locking/unlocking mechanisms, and those of ordinary skill in the art may utilize and include choose one suitable for the intended purpose.

The base portion 28 supports the chair 10 and is connected to the seat portion 22 via a locking pneumatic/gas spring assembly 40 (or similar seat height adjustment mechanism) for providing height adjustment of the seat portion 22 (and components coupled thereto) relative to the floor (and chair base). The seat height adjustment may be any range as desired, such as on the order of 16-32 inches (or two different sizes of the chair 10 may be constructed-one with a lower range and one with a higher range, e.g., 16-22 inches and 22-32 inches). A seat height adjustment lever or handle 41 is configured for adjusting the height. Although not shown, the assembly 40 may optionally include a tilting mechanism (not shown) configured to enable upward and downward tilting of the seat portion 22 (or a seat mount) in the range of −20 to +20 degrees. Optionally, a separate component may be utilized.

The base portion 28 includes a chair base or assembly 42 having a plurality of leg members (e.g., five spoke/leg members, in one embodiment) with a plurality of wheels or casters 44 for mobility. In the embodiments shown, the chair 10 includes five leg members and five wheels 44, but the number may be fewer or more as desired. In an optional embodiment, the base portion 28 may be configured with a hexagonal base without casters/wheels. These general features of height adjustment and wheels/casters are typical of ordinary office chairs and will not be discussed further unless relevant the present disclosure.

The base portion 28 further includes an optional foot/heel structure 46 configured to support a user's feet/heels. The foot/heel structure 46 is shown extending circumferentially around and above the caster wheels 44 (having lock(s)) in a ring shape, and with a top surface 46a that slopes downward as it extends radially outward. This functions to separate and protect a user's feet/heels from contacting the caster wheels 44, and also provide a more natural support for the user's feet/heels while seated. This supports a user's forefeet when knees are bent.

The top surface 46a may angle downward in the outward radial direction—as shown—and support the forefeet at an angle above the floor (see, e.g., FIGS. 7 and 8). In typical prior art ergonomics literature, such a position of the forefeet is not advocated because they want a user to sit with feet flat on the ground, thereby forcing symmetry and a 90 degree angle in the ankle and knee. And, a NASA study advocated keeping a user's feet flat on the ground. In the inventor's experience, positioning the feet flat on the ground may be one of the main faults of typical standard ergonomic chair design and instructions for a user experiencing warning sensations (discomfort, pain, fatigue, stiffness, etc.).

As noted, the foot/heel structure 46 is optional and, if omitted, the top or upper surface of each of the leg members of the chair base 42 is configured with either a flat horizontal top surface or a slightly downward angled (radially outward) top surface that can be used for a user's forefoot or heel placement.

The seat portion 22 is coupled to the lower support member 50 of the central frame 20, while the upper body portion 24 and the arm structure 26 are movably connected or coupled to the upper body/arm assembly frame structure 56 of the central frame 20. The seat portion 22 includes a seat support housing 30, a movable (rotatable) seat mount 31, and a seat 32. The seat 32 includes a seat top portion 36 and a seat pan portion (or base) 38.

In various embodiments, the seat 32 is configured in an elongated shape, an oblong shape, or otherwise an oval or oval shape, and with a top surface having an upwards facing convex shape (see, e.g., FIGS. 1E, 2, 3A 3B). In one embodiment, the seat 32 has a length dimension ranging from about 1 ¼ to about 2 times the width dimension of the seat 32 (see, e.g., FIG. 1E). In some embodiments, the seat 32 includes a central hole, indentation, or depression 99a in the center area (see, e.g., FIGS. 1E, 2, 4A, 4B) and an outer ring portion 99b is configured with a top surface 99d having a convex shape between outer and inner edges of the outer ring portion 99b.

In other embodiments, the seat 32 is solid (see, e.g., FIGS. 3A, 3B) with no central hole or depression, and with a top surface 99e having a generally convex shape extending between opposite points on outer edges of the seat 32. In some embodiments (with or without inclusion of the depression 99a), an outer edge of the seat 32 is configured with waterfall-shaped sides 32a, and in another embodiment, the waterfall-shapes sides 32a extend around a substantial majority, or all, of the seat's perimeter.

The shape of the seat 32 and the mild convex shape of the seat top portion 36 allow a user's hips to be more open-open hip angles-while using the chair 10. This advantageously and more easily enables the opening of the user's hips and altering the spine/hip/pelvic position. Prior art seats generally preventor limit hip opening above 90 degrees in an upright position.

The seat 32 configured with central hole, indentation, or depression 99a provides unloading and/or therapeutic benefits as will be described further herein. In one embodiment, the configuration/shape of the central opening or depression 99a is concentric with (or is similar/same as) the overall outer perimeter shape of the seat 32. In the example shown in most of the FIGURES, the seat 32 has an overall oval shape and the central opening or depression 99a has the same or similar (or corresponding) oval shape. The x and y dimensions of the central opening or depression 99a each may be any suitable dimension, and may range between about one-half to about one-fourth of the x and y dimensions of the overall seat 32 (and in one embodiment are about one-third). In embodiments of the seat 32 configured with the central opening or depression 99a, this configuration may reduce pressure on the pelvic region of a user. Other shapes and configurations of the seat 32 may be implemented by those skilled in the art.

The seat 32 includes a seat top portion 36 and a seat pan or base portion (or base) 38. The top portion 36 is constructed of a firm yet soft inner layer of material (e.g., foam, gel, and the like) that provides a cushioning function and an outer layer of material suitable for use as a primary seat cover (e.g., fabric, mesh, leather, vinyl). The top portion (seat cushion) 36 is affixed to the base portion 38 which is constructed of rigid material, such as a strong plastic material which, in turn, is affixed to the seat mount 31. Other suitable materials may be used. It will be understood that the central opening or depression 99a extends downward toward the seat base portion 38 but does not extend therethrough. Optionally, the central opening or depression 99a may extend downward and through the seat base portion 38 forming an aperture therethrough.

In some embodiments, the shape of the edge(s) and positioning of the top portion 36 relative to the seat base portion 38 forms waterfall-shaped sides or edges 32a (similar in shape to a waterfall edge typically found on home countertop). The edges of the top and base portions 36, 38 of the seat 32 form the edges 32a. In embodiments, the waterfall-shaped sides 32a may extend around predetermined portions (e.g., where the back or sides of a user's thigh would be positioned when sitting in the chair 32), or all, of the perimeter of the seat 32. The waterfall shape of the sides/edges of the seat 32 provide user comfort and may provide a user with the feeling of sitting without any pressure at the back or sides of the thighs. Typical prior art ergo chairs have concave and contoured seats, which often uncomfortably press at the sides and back of the thighs of obese or large individuals.

Although any suitable sizes, shapes and depths of the depression/indentation area 99a may be implemented by those skilled in the art, in one example, the depression area 99a may include a small indentation or depression having a depth (as compared to the top surface of the top portion 36 of the seat 32) of about 2 cm or less, and may be on the order of 1 cm or less. In such embodiments, a small indentation may beneficially allow unloading a sensitive pelvic region interfacing with the chair 10 (for example, following prostate surgery or other pelvic area procedures typically associated with pain, such as in pelvic oncology, ob/gyn, and hemorrhoids). In other embodiments, the depth and shape of the depression area 99a may be implemented as described above.

In one embodiment, a seat cover (not shown) may be placed over the seat 32 that covers the top portion 36 as well as the opening or depression 99a. This seat cover may be constructed of a resilient material or mesh with some elasticity or elastic portion(s). For example, the seat cover may be placed over the seat 32 for various reasons, including those relating to esthetics, sanitary, and/or hygiene. This would prevent items, such as food, hair, etc., from falling or collecting in the opening or depression 99a. A seat cover with dimensions similar to the seat 32 and having elastic portions may be slipped over the seat 32 and provide a tight and impenetrable cover, and one that contours substantially with the shape of the seat 32.

In another embodiment, a removable seat insert (not shown) having the same or similar shape as the opening or depression 99a may be provided. When desired to utilize the chair 10 with the seat 32 configured with the opening or depression 99a, the seat insert can be removed. When a solid seat is desired, the seat insert is inserted. Alternatively, a solid seat with no removable center/insert may be utilized. As will be appreciated, other shapes and configurations of a seat insert may be implemented for different purposes and/or to provide additional benefits or enable other unloading or therapeutic activities. For example, a seat insert configured to extend above the overall seating surface (e.g., cone or circular shape) may be utilized as a support for the inner thighs of a user and which may force the user's legs to be spaced apart. This may assist with activities that may require or desire little to no lateral sideways movement of the user's hips. Moving a user's thighs apart similar to a horse may help in pain control. Such an insert may be applicably for users with spastic paralysis of the legs.

The seat support housing 30 is connected to the top shaft/section of the height adjustment mechanism 40 and includes the movable (rotatable) seat mount 31 extending above the housing 30. The seat 32 is rigidly affixed to the seat mount 31. The seat support housing 30 includes a seat orientation adjustment assembly (not specifically shown) that includes a seat orientation adjustment knob or lever 34. Any suitable assembly known to those skilled in the art may be implemented to provide an engagement/disengagement function and to lock the seat mount 31 in a desired position transverse or longitudinal and to unlock the seat mount 31 to enable the seat to rotate in the horizontal plane.

In an example, the seat mount 31 extends downward within the housing 30 and is constructed to be rotatable about a central seat axis. A bearing or other similar device may be included to assist to enable rotatability of the seat mount 31 with respect to the housing 30. The seat mount 31 may include a cylinder or shaft with a plurality of positioning apertures or holes spaced around the cylinder which receive a removable pin or shaft coupled the knob or lever 34. The assembly may be spring-loaded whereby a user pulls the lever 34 outward to disengage the pin/shaft from its engagement with a particular aperture/hole. This enables a user to rotate or swivel the seat 32 to a different position. Once positioned, the lever 34 is then released and the internal spring pushes the pin/shaft inward and the pin/shaft engages with a different aperture/hole that corresponds to another seat position. In another example, the lever 34 is a two-position lever that engages and locks the seat 32 when in first position and when in a second position disengages to allow the seat 32 to move and rotate. Various suitable assemblies and configurations may be utilized by those skilled in the art.

In embodiments, the seat 32 is rotatably adjustable between a position of 0 degrees and a position of 90 degrees (in either direction, +/−90 degrees) in a plane substantially parallel with the ground plane. The seat 32 is adjustable into one of two positions with respect to the seat support housing 30 (including the frame structure 20, body portion 24 and arm structure 26)—a first position (see, e.g., FIG. 1E) and a second rotated position that is 90 degrees rotated from the first position (see, e.g., FIG. 3A showing the seat 32 (a solid seat) rotated 90 degrees from the first position). For ease of understanding, the seat 32 shown in FIG. 1E can be described as being at 0 degrees, and the seat 32 shown in FIG. 3A can be described as being at 90 degrees (or −90 degrees).

Optionally, the seat 32 may be rotatably adjusted to any position between 0 degrees and 90 degrees (in either direction, +/−90 degrees) and secured into the desired position. In another embodiment, the seat 32 may be rotatable to any one of a plurality of predetermined positions, including, for example, 0 degrees, +/−22.5 degrees, +/−45 degrees, +/−67.5 degrees and +/−90 degrees.

The rotational adjustability of the seat 32 provides a longitudinal position that may provide the user with ability to open hip angle close to 180 degrees—as if the user were standing. The open hip facilitates forward rotation of the pelvis and increases lordosis of the lower back and reduces kyphosis of the mid-back. One key advantage is the user's ability to choose the open hip angle on both sides (symmetrical or asymmetrical) depending on the desired discomfort/pain/fatigue reduction. This option has not been shown to our knowledge in any previous designs with that particular objective.

The elongated shape of the seat 32 and the rotational adjustability from a first position (0 degrees) to a second position (+/−90 degrees) enhances the adjustability and flexibility for different sized users, for different modes of use (as will be described further herein), and for a single user's preference and comfort This also may provide for a reduction of unwanted sensations, and the ability to plan a setup of variable posturing to counteract and prevent discomfort episodes. Moreover, having the rotational adjustability from a first position (0 degrees) to a second position (+/−90 degrees) including anywhere therebetween, may enable various stretching movements and exercises with the seat different positions.

One end of the lower support member 50 is affixed to the upper body/arm frame structure 56 which, in turn, mechanically couples to and supports the upper body portion 24 and the arm structure 26. The other end of the lower support member 50 is movably coupled to the seat support housing 30 in such a manner so as to enable adjustment of the central frame 20 to tilt about a tilt pivot axis 51. As the support 50 rotates/moves about the pivot axis 51, it provides an adjustable tilting function for the upper body/arm frame structure 56 (and the body portion 24 and arm structure 26) allowing it/them to tilt forward or backward, as desired. This tilting function results from the rotational movement about the pivot axis 51 and may be implemented by a tilt adjustment mechanism 52 having a tilt adjuster knob 54 with a threaded rod having a distal end that moves inward/outward as the knob 54 is turned, thereby adjusting the tilt about the pivot axis 51 and adjusting an angle of the support 50. Other suitable structures or assemblies may be utilized as the tilt adjustment mechanism 52.

As will be appreciated, the pivot point 51 may be realized by a shaft and bearing assembly, such as a horizontal shaft formed as part of the housing 30 and a bearing or surface formed at the end of the support 50. Other configurations may be utilized for providing this tilt pivot axis structure.

The upper body portion 24 is configured as a two-piece combination backrest/headrest and includes a backrest 60 and a movable headrest 62. The backrest 60 is coupled to a backrest mount 61, while the headrest 62 is slidably mounted to a headrest mount 63 that extends from the assembly 56 to the headrest 64. The front side of the backrest 60 has a slight or mild convex shape, as shown, from top to bottom, and may include a slight or mild convex shape from side to side (see, e.g., FIG. 2). The front side of the headrest 62 may have a slight or mild convex shape from side to side (see, e.g., FIG. 2). Collectively, the two-piece combination of the backrest 60 and headrest 62 has a generally oval shape in an upright direction (see, e.g., FIG. 1C). When connected, the backrest 60 and the headrest 62 should support the back about the scapular region to allow movements of the neck and upper body along with the shoulders backwards to undo the forward posture oriented mechanical stresses.

A position of the headrest 62 may be adjusted relative to the position of the backrest 60 by disengaging a headrest adjustment mechanism 66 and sliding the headrest 62 along the headrest mount 63 to the desired position. Any suitable adjustment mechanism may be utilized to enable adjustment of the headrest 64 in the manner described. In one embodiment, the mechanism 66 may be configured to fix the position of the headrest 64 at any point along the headrest mount 63. In another embodiment, the mechanism 66 may be configured to fix the position of the headrest 64 in any number of predetermined positions along the headrest mount 63.

Both the backrest mount 61 and the headrest mount 63 are configured and coupled to a pivoting structure 58 rotatable about a pivot axis 59. Although not shown, an engagement/disengagement mechanism is configured and functions to engage/disengage the pivot structure 58 whereby the backrest 60 and the headrest 62 may rotate about the pivot axis 59 thereby adjusting a tilt angle of backrest 60 and/or the headrest 62 with respect to the assembly 56.

As will be appreciated, the backrest mount 61 and the headrest mount 63 are rigidly affixed in relation to each other (except for the headrest height adjustment capability) such that both components tilt in unison. Optionally, the backrest mount 61 and the headrest mount 63 may be independently rotatable or adjustable and, thus, the backrest 60 and the headrest 62 may be independently tilted and adjusted with respect to each other.

Similar to the seat 32, each of the backrest 60 and the headrest 62 include a top portion 60a, 62a and a base portion 60b, 62b. In embodiments, the top portions 60a, 62a are constructed of a firm yet soft inner layer of material that provides a cushioning function and an outer layer of material suitable for use as a primary cover (e.g., fabric, leather, vinyl). In other embodiments, the top portions 60a, 62a are constructed of a uniform material, such as a suitable rubber or foam material. The top portions 60a, 62a are affixed to the respective base portions 60b, 62b which are constructed of a rigid material, such as a strong plastic material. Other materials may be used.

The arm structure 26 includes two armrests 70a, 70b as shown. The armrests 70a, 70b are coupled together by an armrest shaft 72 that extends between rearward portions of the armrests 70a, 70b. The body of the armrest shaft 72 is movably coupled to, and extends through, the upper body/arm assembly 56 (see, e.g., FIG. 1D-b ack view; see e.g., FIGS. 4B, 5B). In embodiments, the arm structure 26 (consisting of the two armrests and armrest shaft) is configured to rotate about a pivot axis 75 (shown in dotted lines) that extends longitudinally along the armrest shaft 72 and through the assembly 56. The armrest structure 26 is shown in a first position (e.g., 0 degrees) in FIGS. 1A-4B, is shown in a second position (e.g., 90 degrees) in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and is shown in a third position (e.g., 180 degrees) in FIG. 6. For ease of understanding, the first position may be referred to as the standard position, the second position referred to as the upright position, and the third position referred to as the reverse position.

The length of the armrests 70a, 70b can be any suitable length, but it has been found that an armrest length in the range of between 10-20 cm is suitable. In certain applications, the armrests 70a, 70b are positioned closer to the backrest such that the length of the armrests and this positioning results in supporting mainly the proximal portion of the forearm (e.g., portion closest to the elbow) as opposed to the portion of the forearm closest to the hand. However, optionally, the arm structure 26 and/or the armrests 70a, 70b may be extendable/retractable from/to the points of connection each has to the armrest shaft 72.). In this embodiment, the armrests 70a, 70b may be extendable between 0 and 10 cm.

In an embodiment, the armrests 70a, 70b have a length that, when the armrests are rotated 90 degrees (straight up vertically, see FIGS. 5A, 5B), the outer ends of the armrests are about the same height as (or less than) the height of the top-most portion of the upper body portion 24 (e.g., the top of the headrest 62). Furthermore, having longer armrests 70a, 70b may pose the risk of a weight imbalance when rotated into the 180 degree reverse position that could cause the chair 32 to tip over, when used incorrectly. In addition, when the chair 10 is operated in seated task-based applications, only a small area of the user's forearms will be in contact with the armrests 70a, 70b and longer armrests may not be needed.

The armrest shaft 72 may extend through one or more apertures or tubular housings (e.g., bearing) formed in the assembly 56. Although not specifically shown, the structure(s) included may be any suitable structure for performing the described functionality. In addition, a release and locking mechanism may be configured to release the armrest shaft 72 and enable rotation, and to lock or secure the armrest shaft 72 once the arm structure 26 is moved to a desired one of multiple possible positions (see above description).

The arm structure 26 is rotatable within the assembly 56 through at least 180 degrees of rotation—as shown in the FIGURES and described in the preceding paragraph. In an embodiment, the arm structure 26 may rotate through 360 degrees, and in another embodiment may rotate between about −45 degrees to about 225 degrees (with FIGS. 1A-1F showing the arm position at zero degrees). In other embodiments, it may be rotatable to any number of positions about the axis 75 and/or in any number of predetermined positions, as desired.

Although the embodiments shown in the FIGURES illustrate the arm structure 26 (armrests 70a, 70b and shaft 72) as an integrated unit for purposes of rotating the arm structure 26 about the axis 75, in other embodiments, each armrest 70a, 70b may be independently rotatable about the axis 74 by modifying the structure 26 to have two independent shafts 72 (e.g., 72a, 72b attached to each respective armrest 70a, 70b) each independently rotatable/adjustable about the axis 75 with separate adjustment mechanisms. This would provide added functionality and adjustability for different armrest adjustments for the left and right sides (e.g., one higher than the other, or at different angles, or to move out of the way if desired).

Referring now to FIG. 1E, each armrest 70a, 70b is movably coupled to the armrest shaft 72 through rotatable mechanisms or joints 74a, 74b which are configured to enable rotation about respective axes 76a, 76b as shown. This provides the added capability and functionality to independently move the distal ends of each armrest 70a, 70b to the right/left thereby angling the armrest 70a inward and the armrest 70b inward. The rotatable mechanisms or joints 74a, 74b may be any suitable structure for performing the described functionality. For example, a pin and socket arrangement or push-button mechanism may be utilized, and may further be implemented with a locking/unlocking mechanism to enable movement/adjustment and to rigidly lock the armrest in a desired position.

In another embodiment, the arm structure 26 may further include a horizontal adjustment mechanism (not shown) for horizontally moving the armrests outward for larger users and inward for smaller ones (e.g., adjusting the width between the opposing armrests). The armrest shaft 72 may be configured to adjust the horizontal spacing between the left and right armrests 70a, 70b.

Similar to the backrest 60 and the headrest 62, each of the armrests 70a, 70b may include cushioning or soft material for the comfort of the user. As shown, each armrest 70a, 70b includes two layers of material-one layer mounted on the top surface and one layer mounted on the bottom surface of the armrest-as shown in some FIGURES (see, e.g., FIGS. 5A, 5B). As will be appreciated, when the arm structure 26 is rotatably reversed (180 degrees), the bottom surface of the armrest when it is in the default configuration (FIGS. 4A, 4B) is now the top surface in the reverse position. Each layer may be constructed of a firm yet soft inner layer of material (e.g., foam, gel and the like) that provides a cushioning function and an outer layer of material suitable for use as a primary cover (e.g., fabric, mesh, leather, vinyl). In other embodiments, the layer may be constructed of a uniform material, such as a suitable rubber or foam material. Other materials may be used.

Although not specifically shown in the FIGURES, the top and bottom layers of the top and bottom surfaces of each armrest 70a, 70b may have a mildly convex shape (as viewed in a longitudinal cross-section. Both the top and bottom of each armrest 70a, 70b include the cushion layer of material because the armrests rotate to the reverse position. Having a convex shape prevents pressure points. Conventional plastic armrests are concave and are intended to accommodate the round shape of the forearm. Such armrests may be ineffective or even create pressure on different-sized forearms es) due to the forearm being forced into a concave and contoured armrest.

Now with reference to FIGS. 4a and 4b (and FIG. 7), there are shown front side and back side perspective views illustrating embodiments of the chair 10 in a first configuration or mode (front facing sitting mode). In this mode, referred to as “neutral symmetric sitting mode” (or NSSM), the seat 32 is oriented in a first position-as shown. In the NSSM mode, the seat 32 is set in a transverse position having a length in the front/back direction that is shorter than a length in the right/left direction (as one faces the chair), and in this configuration has zero degrees of rotation. The outer edges of the seat 32 extend to a point vertically underneath the armrests 70a, 70b. FIG. 7 illustrates the chair 10 (and a rendition of a person) in the NSSM.

The NSSM posture refers to standard ergonomic positioning with an open hip (the angle between the trunk and the thigh between 100-140 degrees plus). In NSSM, the user may opt for a passive proper low back support in some degree of extension (lordosis) with or without an external roll/pad or actively hold the lordotic posture in a degree suitable for his/her needs of comfort or reduction of discomfort or fatigue. The knee joints are flexed, and feet are planted naturally (typically with the forefoot on the floor or midfoot on the surface 46a of the ring-like foot/heel structure 46 or the forefoot or heel resting naturally on a flat upper surface of a base leg) after the spinal posturing is optimized or adjusted by an informed user. The benefit may be a reduction of overload and displacement on lumbar intervertebral discs and joints, muscles, etc. This type of open hip posture allows task proximity, frequent alterations of the spine positioning and reduction of pressure on the buttocks by changes of the open hip angle as desired by the user in real time. The user can respond to the body warning sensations (fatigue, stiffness, discomfort, pain, nerve pain etc.) as they appear and make rapid adjustments to the posture and the chair 10. The timing and choice of the altered position may therefore be personalized.

The chair 10 in NSSM mode is different from typical prior art ergo chairs which have a seat (or seat base) extending almost to the knee forcing a 90 degree angle or less when the person is engaged in a task in front of the body. These chairs with contoured seats and concave shape prevent adjustments of the user's position without altering the proximity to the task (move user away from the task). Additionally, the reclining posture forces bending of the neck and back therefore having a negative effect on the intervertebral discs/joints and muscles.

In the front sitting mode, there are two sub-modes or sub-configurations-neutral symmetrical and asymmetrical. As noted above, the configuration shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B and 7 is the NSSM, while the configuration shown in FIG. 9 is referred to as the “asymmetrical sitting mode” (ASM). The main difference in the chair 10 between these two is the position of the seat 32. In NSSM, the seat 32 is in the transverse position. In ASM, the seat 32 is rotated 90 degrees into the longitudinal position.

The ASM posture refers to an innovative ergonomic positioning with an open hip yet uneven angle comparing the left and right side (the angle between the trunk and the thigh between 100-140 degrees plus). In ASM, a user with asymmetrical or one sided warning signals (e.g., discomfort, fatigue, stiffness, pain, tingling, etc.) in the back or neck may opt to sit asymmetrically (one hip more open than the other) if this brings a desired effect of comfort and reduces the unwanted sensations.

Additionally, in the ASM mode, a passive proper low back and/or midback support (a pad or a roll) may be used in some degree of extension (lordosis) or may actively hold the mildly asymmetrical posture in a degree suitable for his/her needs of comfort or reduction of discomfort or fatigue. The knee joints are flexed, and feet are planted naturally (typically with the forefoot on the floor or midfoot on the surface 46a of the ring-like foot/heel structure 46 or the forefoot or heel resting naturally on a flat upper surface of a base leg) after the spinal posturing is optimized or adjusted by an informed user. The benefit may be a reduction of overload and displacement on lumbar intervertebral discs and joints, muscles, etc. This type of open hip posture in this ASM mode allows unchanged task proximity, frequent alterations of the spine positioning and pressure on the buttocks by changes of the open hip angle as desired by the user in real time. The user can rapidly respond to the body warning sensations (fatigue, stiffness, discomfort, pain, nerve pain etc.) as they appear and make adjustments to the posture and additionally to the chair 10. The timing and choice of the altered asymmetrical position may therefore be personalized.

The rationale for the innovative asymmetrical sitting posture may be explained by documentation in scientific literature and the presence of asymmetrical warning sensations, discomfort, pain, muscle fatigue, stiffness, nerve pain, etc. Also, imaging frequently demonstrates asymmetrical findings of intervertebral discs herniations and joint degeneration. Consequently, the provision of clinical treatments in asymmetry by physical therapists, osteopaths, chiropractors, etc., also point to the benefits of asymmetrical posturing or movements.

The chair 10 in ASM mode is different from typical prior art ergonomic chairs which have a seat (or seat base) extending almost to the knee forcing a 90 degree angle or less when the person is engaged in a task in front of the body. These chairs with contoured seats and concave shape prevent asymmetrical adjustments of the user's position without altering the proximity to the task or producing bending of the neck and back therefore having a negative effect on the intervertebral discs/joints and muscles. The generic “fidgeting” of a user in a chair has been described in the literature as an attempt to change loading of the body frequently in asymmetry, without any specifics as to the direction, duration, reproducibility, or effect on the warning sensations during prolonged sitting.

Now with reference to FIG. 6 (and FIG. 8), there is shown a front side perspective view illustrating embodiments of the chair 10 in another configuration or mode. In this mode, referred to as “reverse sitting mode” (or RSM), the seat 32 is oriented in the longitudinal position—as shown. In this position, the seat has been rotated 90 degrees from its default (transverse) position. In the RSM mode, the seat 32 may also be set in the transverse position having a length in the front/back direction that is shorter than a length in the right/left direction (as one faces the chair from the front), and in this configuration has zero degrees of rotation. The arm structure 26 has been rotated 180 degrees, such that the armrests 70, 70b extend rearwards from the backrest/headrest—as shown. In embodiments, arm structure 26 and the assembly 56 are configured in a manner that the armrests 70a, 70b are rotatable along planes that are perpendicular to the floor, and rotate about the axis 75 (see also, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1E). FIG. 8 illustrates the chair 10 (and a rendition of a person) in the RSM. The armrests 70a, 70b may be adjustable inward/outward for precision work, gaming, etc.

The RSM posture refers to reversed yet fully ergonomic positioning with an open hip (the angle between the trunk and the thigh between 100-140 degrees plus) where the user's chest/abdomen are supported by the backrest 60 and/or headrest 62 of the chair 10 as the person faces backwards or rearwards. In RSM, the user may opt for a passive abdominal/chest support (a pad along the back of the chair, such as the inventor's custom designed pad/pillow) along with armrests 70a, 70b in a reversed mode. The person may sit in some degree of spine extension (lordosis), flexion (kyphosis) or with mild asymmetry by adjusting the open hip angles. A user may actively hold the lordotic posture without an abdominal support in a degree suitable for his/her needs of comfort or reduction of discomfort or fatigue. The knee joints may be flexed and feet are planted naturally (typically with the forefoot on the floor or midfoot on the surface 46a of the ring-like foot/heel structure 46 or a flat upper surface of a base leg) after the spinal posturing is optimized or adjusted by an informed user. The benefit may be a reduction of overload and displacement on lumbar intervertebral discs and joints, prevention of pressure on the back muscles in cases of severe skin sensitivity (e.g., post-surgery or with implanted nerve stimulators, also pelvic floor sensitivity, etc.). This type of open hip posture allows task proximity, frequent alterations of the spine positioning and pressure on the buttocks by changes of the open hip angle symmetrically or asymmetrically as desired by the user in real time. There is an option of RSM on the seat with the opening in the middle to customize the comfort for specific conditions. The user can respond to the body warning sensations (fatigue, stiffness, discomfort, pain, nerve pain etc.) as they appear by adjusting the posture and the chair 10. The timing and choice of the altered position may therefore be personalized. In another embodiment in RSM, the seat 32 may include the central opening or depression 99a in the middle to customize the comfort for specific conditions.

The chair 10 in RSM mode is different from typical prior art ergonomic chairs which do not provide a reversed sitting mode. With the prior art chairs, users with high sensitivity of the back musculature have to resort into make-shift options or sit sideways or fidget. In RSM modes, the user can adjust the spine and hips incrementally and in detail to attain best possible asymmetrical posturing in the real time. This allows a user to customize the outcome.

Now with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, there are shown front side and back side perspective views illustrating embodiments of the chair 10 in another configuration or mode (front facing sitting mode with armrests raised). In this mode, referred to as “exercise mode” (or EM), the seat 32 is oriented in a first position-as shown. In the EM mode, the seat 32 is set in the longitudinal position, although in another embodiment, the seat 32 could be placed in the transverse position. The arm structure 26 has been rotated upwards 90 degrees, such that the armrests 70, 70b extend vertically-as shown. In embodiments, arm structure 26 and the assembly 56 are configured in a manner that the armrests 70a, 70b are rotatable along planes that are perpendicular to the floor, and rotate about the axis 75. In this mode, the armrests 70a, 70b are rotated out of the way allowing a user to freely move his/her arms/legs in multiple directions without being confined due to the position of the armrests 70a, 70b and/or the seat 32 or in neutral sitting mode (see, e.g., FIGS. 4A, 4B).

As shown and described herein, all adjustable components are shown in the FIGURES in generally a default or basic position, and this is typically a starting point for a user to begin configuring the posture in tandem with chair adjustment for the user's personal comfort and needs. As described previously, various components are adjustable by a user, including the following:

• • Chair height (with/respect to base/floor)
  • Chair tilt (with respect to base—forward/back)
  • Backrest/headrest/armrest collective tilt (with respect to seat—forward/back)
  • Headrest height (with respect to backrest)
  • Armrest(s) rotation (collective or individually with respect to the seat/backrest)
  • Armrest(s) inward/outward adjustment (with respect to seat/backrest)
  • Distance between armrests
  • Seat rotation (with respect to backrest/armrests)

In general terms, the chair 10 as described provides numerous features and functionalities, including a 90 degree rotating oval-shaped convex seat (with an optional oval-shaped, convex seat with a central opening to reduce pressure in the pelvic region); An adjustable oval-shaped back support; adjustable armrests from 0 degrees to 180 degrees (180 degree reversing armrests); a stable five leg base with casters and a flat/angled foot/heel rest positioned above the casters and extending around the entire periphery (or the upper top surface of the legs could be utilized as the rest structure); and construction from high quality materials to ensure durability, longevity and easy disinfection in office, production line, gaming, home and clinical environments, including eco-friendly and safe materials.

In an embodiment, the combination of a rotating, convex, oval-shaped seat along with reversing armrests supports allow a multitude of user specific options for re-alignment (different angles in the pelvis, spine and hip, even arms in case of bench work or in atypical closed spaces) of a user's posture and sitting function. Such re-alignment may produce a distinct pressure change on a user's seated body and likely real-time control of discomfort and pain related to overload of the spinal structures and the like (discs, intervertebral joints, muscles, nerves etc.). A pressure intensity and distribution on the buttocks and back of the user could be measured by the sensor mat and instantly mapped on a colored graph for monitoring and a custom feedback.

In other embodiments, the chair 10 may be utilized as part of a supplemental posture therapeutic self-treatment or used in a therapy supplemental process performed by a user or in conjunction with a therapist. The chair 10 and its features and functionality may allow for a variable, rapid, real time spine and hip alignment in combined planes. The chair's oval-shaped seat and its rotating capability facilitate a marked change of spine and hip range of motion along with the alteration of pressure points at the body-chair interface-specific to the user's needs during control of discomfort, muscle fatigue or nerve irritation.

The design of the chair 10 enables prolonged sitting exposure and extended sitting times since it offers a multitude of adjustments and strategies to alter spine position, pressure points and may allow more movement than typical prior art ergonomic chairs.

In conjunction with the chair 10, a process of body re-alignment may be performed by an educated user with guidance from a physical therapist or other knowledgeable person. In some embodiments, a process (described in written form, video, or as a web application) is provided to enable the user to utilize the chair 10 for body re-alignment based on scientific factors related to a healthy spine position (reduced pressure on intervertebral discs, joints, nerves and muscles) and an optimal task proximity. A change of body position may occur in several planes of motion, while maintaining forward facing proximity to the task at hand (the reclining chairs move the head and arms away).

Within the process, a user following multiple steps involving body correction and chair adjustment may experience a reduction of unwanted sensations. This may begin with a short movie of prerecorded information of steps needed to improve spine, pelvic and extremity positioning in incremental, safe fashion. The user may save the steps, which led to an effective self-regulation of comfort with concomitant decrease in warning sensations. These steps create a bank of individualized rapid solutions, an intentional prevention and may allow for a progressive behavior modification. As will be appreciated, a user's steps to re-alignment should be based on data from ergonomic and clinical research with good evidence. The goal is to contribute to a healthier sitting in the global community.

Such a system and process may further include the introduction of one or more sensors for sensing pressure, pressure distribution and its changes and/or pressure points as applied to the human body during posture re-alignment in any of the above modes. In one embodiment, a pressure sensing device (not shown) is added to the seat 32 of the chair 10 for sensing pressure experienced by a user at multiple points on the seat 32. Such device may also be added to the backrest 60. In one implementation, a pressure sensing device, such as a sensing mat, may be utilized for sending various pressure characteristics (e.g., via Bluetooth connection to a user's mobile device). For example, suitable pressure sensing devices may be one or more of the pressure sensing and mapping devices currently available from Tekscan, Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts. Pressure intensity and distribution could be measured by such sensor mats and mapped on a colored graph, correlated with comfort or warning sensations (pain, discomfort, stiffness or muscle fatigue), and used for modifying the chair's configuration and the user's posture. In addition, a process may allow marking of discomfort regions on a body contour before and after re-alignment so with repetition (and feedback to a mobile device, e.g., smartphone) the user may learn a new sitting behavior.

While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the present disclosure as described herein includes several aspects and embodiments that include particular features. Although these features may be described individually, it is within the scope of the present disclosure that some or all of these features may be combined with any one of the aspects and remain within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents.

It may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases that may be used throughout this patent document. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computer code (including source code, object code, or executable code). The term “communicate,” as well as derivatives thereof, encompasses both direct and indirect communication. The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and/or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, or the like. The phrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

The description in the present disclosure should not be read as implying that any particular element, step, or function is an essential or critical element that must be included in the claim scope. The scope of patented subject matter is defined only by the allowed claims. Moreover, none of the claims invokes 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) with respect to any of the appended claims or claim elements unless the exact words “means for” or “step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim, followed by a participle phrase identifying a function. Use of terms such as (but not limited to) “mechanism,” “module,” “device,” “unit,” “component,” “element,” “member,” “apparatus,” “machine,” “system,” “processor,” or “controller” within a claim is understood and intended to refer to structures known to those skilled in the relevant art, as further modified or enhanced by the features of the claims themselves, and is not intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112(f).

While this disclosure has described certain embodiments and generally associated methods, alterations and permutations of these embodiments and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the above description of example embodiments does not define or constrain this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are also possible without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, as defined by the following claims.