ClassID:

34881

B01L2200/025 - page 7 - CPC Classification

Classification description:

Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus; Adapting objects or devices to another Align devices or objects to ensure defined positions relative to each other

Recent Application in this class:
#1801
20100266454
2010-10-21

Metering device

#1802
20100263732
2010-10-21

Microfluidic free interface diffusion techniques

#1803
20100262303
2010-10-14

Instrument for cassette for sample preparation

#1804
20100258211
2010-10-14

Modular microfluidic assembly block and system including the same

#1805
20100254238
2010-10-07

Method of obtaining image of disc and apparatus for driving disc

#1806
20100252428
2010-10-07

Heterogeneous membrane electrodes

#1807
20100248981
2010-09-30

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING MICROARRAYS

#1808
20100221149
2010-09-02

High Density Plate Filler

#1809
20100220321
2010-09-02

Normalization of data

#1810
20100216248
2010-08-26

Disposable chamber for analyzing biologic fluids

#1811
20100210010
2010-08-19

SAMPLE PROCESSOR

#1812
20100205139
2010-08-12

Ensuring sample adequacy using turbidity light scattering techniques

#1813
20100202927
2010-08-12

MULTI-WELL PLATE LID WITH PROTECTIVE SKIRT

#1814
20100197004
2010-08-05

Microtiter plate to mitigate cell distribution bias from meniscus edge

#1815
20100196949
2010-08-05

Sample well strip and method of use

#1816
20100196212
2010-08-05

High Density Plate Filler

#1817
20100193672
2010-08-05

Optical camera alignment

#1818
20100192813
2010-08-05

Tube reload system and components

#1819
20100190170
2010-07-29

Microtiter plate mask

#1820
20100187105
2010-07-29

Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems

#1821
20100183481
2010-07-22

Devices and methods for holding microfluidic devices

#1822
20100180980
2010-07-22

Sample processor

#1823
20100177325
2010-07-15

Apparatus and method for recognizing home position of rotatable body

#1824
20100175821
2010-07-15

Portable water quality sensor fabrication method

#1825
20100166608
2010-07-01

Method and system for microfluidic device and imaging thereof

#1826
20100161119
2010-06-24

Method and apparatus for automated storage and retrieval of miniature shelf keeping units

#1827
20100152054
2010-06-17

Screening assays and methods

#1828
20100151565
2010-06-17

Cartridge for automated medical diagnostics

#1829
20100144020
2010-06-10

DISPOSABLE DIAGNOSTIC KIT

#1830
20100143963
2010-06-10

Modular droplet actuator drive

#1831
20100143200
2010-06-10

Device for centering a microtiter plate

#1832
20100136679
2010-06-03

Apparatus and method for processing biological material

#1833
20100136670
2010-06-03

Sampling Method and Device

#1834
20100133510
2010-06-03

Bio-sensor chip for detecting target material

#1835
20100120129
2010-05-13

Apparatus for and method of processing biological samples

#1836
20100114056
2010-05-06

Specimen container

#1837
20100113285
2010-05-06

Normalization of Data Using Controls

#1838
20100112567
2010-05-06

Random access system and method for polymerase chain reaction testing

#1839
20100097695
2010-04-22

Incubation container system

#1840
20100092342
2010-04-15

Pipetting device

#1841
20100089938
2010-04-15

PIPETTE TIP HANDLING DEVICES AND METHODS

#1842
20100086977
2010-04-08

Pressure Chamber Clamp Mechanism

#1843
20100083778
2010-04-08

Devices for retaining a nonporous substrate and methods

#1844
20100083777
2010-04-08

Apparatus and method for storing at least one specimen slide and at least one cassette

#1845
20100080734
2010-04-01

TIP PLATE FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING APPLICATIONS

#1846
20100068764
2010-03-18

Droplet actuator devices and methods employing magnetic beads

#1847
20100068388
2010-03-18

Apparatus and method for dispensing fluid, semi-solid and solid samples

#1848
20100055743
2010-03-04

Low-mass sample block with rapid response to temperature change

#1849
20100041562
2010-02-18

Microfluidic microarray assemblies and methods of manufacturing and using

#1850
20100041154
2010-02-18

Assay device

#1851
20100035336
2010-02-11

Cartridge retaining mechanism for nucleic acid extracting apparatus

#1852
20100034706
2010-02-11

Disposable pipette tip

#1853
20100034700
2010-02-11

Analysis unit intended to be used in analysis apparatus

#1854
20100032329
2010-02-11

PACKAGING, SHIPPING AND STORAGE DEVICE FOR CAPILLARY TUBES

#1855
20100024575
2010-02-04

Method of pipetting using a pipette tip holder

#1856
20100021343
2010-01-28

Sample vial for use in preparing cytological specimen

#1857
20100015007
2010-01-21

Specimen container carrier for conveyor in laboratory automation system

#1858
20100009460
2010-01-14

Multifunctional vacuum manifold

#1859
20100003725
2010-01-07

Low-mass sample block with rapid response to temperature change

#1860
20100001210
2010-01-07

Aperture biosensor with trenches

#1861
20090324451
2009-12-31

Magnetic microplate assembly

#1862
20090317303
2009-12-24

FLEXIBLE DISPOSABLE TIP INTERFACE

#1863
20090308470
2009-12-17

Spinner home sequence

#1864
20090302190
2009-12-10

CHIP HOLDER, FLUIDIC SYSTEM AND CHIP HOLDER SYSTEM

#1865
20090299545
2009-12-03

Method and system for microfluidic device and imaging thereof

#1866
20090293643
2009-12-03

Nestable, stackable pipette rack for nestable pipette tips

#1867
20090291507
2009-11-26

FLUIDICS DEVICES

#1868
20090291264
2009-11-26

Microfluid-System-Supporting Unit And Production Method Thereof

#1869
20090286297
2009-11-19

Apparatus and method for tip alignment in multiwell plates

#1870
20090285723
2009-11-19

Sample container holder

#1871
20090283512
2009-11-19

Thermal Device

#1872
20090283408
2009-11-19

Universal interface for a micro-fluidic chip

#1873
20090279770
2009-11-12

Method and apparatus for detection of rare cells

#1874
20090269248
2009-10-29

Method and apparatus for analyte processing

#1875
20090255949
2009-10-15

Pipette tip handling devices and methods

#1876
20090253566
2009-10-08

Clean transportation system

#1877
20090239293
2009-09-24

Grooved High Density Plate

#1878
20090238725
2009-09-24

Filter vial

#1879
20090238722
2009-09-24

Pressure-Reinforced Fluidic Chip

#1880
20090236226
2009-09-24

Modular microfluidic system and method for building a modular microfludic system

#1881
20090233331
2009-09-17

Method and apparatus for preparing cytological specimens

#1882
20090214811
2009-08-27

Film Preparation for Seal Applicator

#1883
20090212235
2009-08-27

SCANNING FLUORESCENT READER WITH DIFFUSER SYSTEM

#1884
20090212233
2009-08-27

MALDI CHIP HOLDER

#1885
20090205447
2009-08-20

Panel for analysis and analyzer using the same

#1886
20090202394
2009-08-13

VIAL WITH COAXIAL SMALL SAMPLE TUBE INSERT

#1887
20090197277
2009-08-06

High Density Plate Filler

#1888
20090193696
2009-08-06

Label having alignment information

#1889
20090191098
2009-07-30

High Density Plate Filler

#1890
20090189089
2009-07-30

Valve control system for a rotating multiplex fluorescence detection device

#1891
20090186776
2009-07-23

Microcolumn-platform based array for high-throughput analysis

#1892
20090186775
2009-07-23

Method and device for dual array hybridization karyotype analysis

#1893
20090169427
2009-07-02

Controlled fluid delivery in a microelectronic package

#1894
20090168066
2009-07-02

Microfluidic protein crystallography

#1895
20090151422
2009-06-18

Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems

#1896
20090143250
2009-06-04

Microfluidic device using microfluidic chip and microfluidic device using biomolecule microarray chip

#1897
20090143249
2009-06-04

BIOARRAY CHIP REACTION APPARATUS AND ITS MANUFACTURE

#1898
20090141345
2009-06-04

Microscope stage and microscope observing unit

#1899
20090141278
2009-06-04

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMING WHETHER A BIOLOGICAL SPECIMEN CARRIER IS PROPERLY ORIENTED

#1900
20090139578
2009-06-04

Centrifugal force based platform, microfluidic system including the same, and method of determining home position of the platform

#1901
20090139351
2009-06-04

Pipette

#1902
20090137062
2009-05-28

Analysis system and method for the analysis of a body fluid sample for an analyte contained therein

#1903
20090117005
2009-05-07

Unit cuvette for analyzing a biological fluid, automatic device for in vitro analysis

#1904
20090109433
2009-04-30

Analyzer

#1905
20090105096
2009-04-23

Filter-Equipped Microplate

#1906
20090104699
2009-04-23

Container system for tissue stabilization for molecular and histopathology diagnostics

#1907
20090092521
2009-04-09

Apparatus for handling pipet tips

#1908
20090076414
2009-03-19

Closed specimen collection system

#1909
20090075390
2009-03-19

Liquid containment for integrated assays

#1910
20090074637
2009-03-19

Optimized Modular Microfluidic Devices

#1911
20090068064
2009-03-12

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONDUCTING ASSAYS

#1912
20090064801
2009-03-12

Multi-channel pipette including a piston holder with guidance

#1913
20090057259
2009-03-05

Septa

#1914
20090054266
2009-02-26

Microfluidic transfer pin

#1915
20090047440
2009-02-19

Fluid delivery system

#1916
20090047180
2009-02-19

Fluid handling device

#1917
20090044603
2009-02-19

Article, device, and method

#1918
20090041622
2009-02-12

AUTOMATIC ANALYZER

#1919
20090040515
2009-02-12

Formats for optical analysis and methods of manufacturing the same

#1920
20090035187
2009-02-05

Microarray assay devices and methods of making and using the same

#1921
20090035185
2009-02-05

Specimen preprocessing system

#1922
20090033690
2009-02-05

INK JET DEVICE AND METHOD FOR RELEASING A PLURALITY OF SUBSTANCES ONTO A SUBSTRATE

#1923
20090029454
2009-01-29

Sample block apparatus and method for maintaining a microcard on a sample block

#1924
20090029341
2009-01-29

Sample support and sample store, especially for the cryopreservation of biological samples

#1925
20090017505
2009-01-15

Process and device for mixing microdroplets

#1926
20090011517
2009-01-08

Sample plate for fluid analysis in a refinery process

#1927
20090007701
2009-01-08

PIVOTING PIPETTE DEVICE

#1928
20090004062
2009-01-01

DEVICES FOR IMPROVING THE FLATNESS OF HIGH-DENSITY MICROPLATES

#1929
20080318323
2008-12-25

Apparatus for multiple automatic analysis of biosamples, method for autoanalysis, and reaction cuvette

#1930
20080318280
2008-12-25

COVER FOR AN ARRAY OF REACTION VESSELS FOR ONE-STEP OPERATION MODUS

#1931
20080311003
2008-12-18

Stoppable test device

#1932
20080299012
2008-12-04

Adjustable laboratory rack

#1933
20080289710
2008-11-27

Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems

#1934
20080288179
2008-11-20

Normalization of data

#1935
20080286161
2008-11-20

Methods and devices for performing chemical reactions on a solid support

#1936
20080286157
2008-11-20

Locking pipette tip and mounting shaft

#1937
20080282816
2008-11-20

Automated sampling system

#1938
20080279487
2008-11-13

Sealed oxygen reference fluid containing bag

#1939
20080277007
2008-11-13

MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS

#1940
20080277005
2008-11-13

Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems

#1941
20080274451
2008-11-06

Body for flow-through cells and the use thereof

#1942
20080273918
2008-11-06

Fluidic connectors and microfluidic systems

#1943
20080266658
2008-10-30

Optical system for cell imaging

#1944
20080260591
2008-10-23

Microfluidic device having microchips

#1945
20080260581
2008-10-23

Sampling and assay device

#1946
20080240999
2008-10-02

PIPETTE TIP TRANSFER SYSTEM

#1947
20080240898
2008-10-02

Laboratory Robot Assembly

#1948
20080237115
2008-10-02

Centrifugal separation-use device

#1949
20080236669
2008-10-02

Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems

#1950
20080230605
2008-09-25

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR MAINTAINING DATA INTEGRITY

#1951
20080220216
2008-09-11

MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS

#1952
20080209709
2008-09-04

Container uncapping mechanism and method

#1953
20080206846
2008-08-28

Thermocycler

#1954
20080200343
2008-08-21

Fluidics devices

#1955
20080193338
2008-08-14

Microplate kit

#1956
20080184823
2008-08-07

Multichannel pipette

#1957
20080182273
2008-07-31

Microfluidic free interface diffusion techniques

#1958
20080173365
2008-07-24

Microfabricated elastomeric valve and pump systems

#1959
20080166801
2008-07-10

Filtration system and method for obtaining a cytology layer

#1960
20080166279
2008-07-10

CHEMICAL REACTION CARTRIDGE AND USING METHOD THEREOF

#1961
20080164200
2008-07-10

Filtration system and method for obtaining a cytology layer

#1962
20080160602
2008-07-03

Microcolumn-based, high-throughput microfluidic device

#1963
20080159915
2008-07-03

Instrument for cassette for sample preparation

#1964
20080149840
2008-06-26

Fluorescence Detector for Microfluidic Diagnostic System

#1965
20080145924
2008-06-19

Cell culture apparatus and control method thereof

#1966
20080134810
2008-06-12

Method and apparatus for coding diagnostic meters

#1967
20080134807
2008-06-12

MOTORIZED PIPETTE

#1968
20080131328
2008-06-05

Vial presence indicator for vial-bearing rack

#1969
20080131327
2008-06-05

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTERFACING WITH A MICROFLUIDIC CHIP

#1970
20080107565
2008-05-08

Modular Biochip Assembly

#1971
20080105516
2008-05-08

Method for dispensing tablets into a multi-compartment clinical reagent container

#1972
20080103059
2008-05-01

Microcolumn-platform based array for high-throughput analysis

#1973
20080095671
2008-04-24

Locking pipette tip and mounting shaft

#1974
20080062423
2008-03-13

Microchip testing device

#1975
20080045395
2008-02-21

Centrifuge adapter and closure

#1976
20080044312
2008-02-21

Method and apparatus for attaching a fluid cell to a planar substrate

#1977
20080035642
2008-02-14

Tube, cap and rack for automatic handling of samples

#1978
20080031776
2008-02-07

Automated sampling system

#1979
20080026483
2008-01-31

THERMAL-CYCLING DEVICES AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

#1980
20080025878
2008-01-31

Sample tube holder

#1981
20080019872
2008-01-24

Circuits for the control of output current in an electronic device for performing active biological operations

#1982
20080016969
2008-01-24

Sample carrier having finger springs for holding sample tubes

#1983
20080009074
2008-01-10

Indicator for Multiwell Plate and Method for Using the Same

#1984
20080003650
2008-01-03

Low-mass sample block with rapid response to temperature change

#1985
20080003149
2008-01-03

Low mass, rigid sample block

#1986
20080003138
2008-01-03

Microchip reactor

#1987
20080000536
2008-01-03

Method and device for flowing a liquid on a surface

#1988
20070297946
2007-12-27

Slide cartridge and reagent test slides for use with a chemical analyzer, and chemical analyzer for same

#1989
20070296760
2007-12-27

Wave guide with isolated coupling interface

#1990
20070292314
2007-12-20

Bent microstructures for sampling, transporting or dispensing a fluid media

#1991
20070272612
2007-11-29

Method for the fractionation and separation of particles by step-wise gradient density extraction

#1992
20070267782
2007-11-22

System and method for making lab card by embossing

#1993
20070264160
2007-11-15

Microfluidic analytical apparatus

#1994
20070259431
2007-11-08

Optical Sensor and Methods of Making It

#1995
20070253870
2007-11-01

Specimen tube holder and shipping container

#1996
20070251892
2007-11-01

Samples storage system for pharmaceutical development

#1997
20070251336
2007-11-01

Permeation device and method for reducing aqueous boundary layer thicknesses

#1998
20070248976
2007-10-25

Inverted orientation for a microplate

#1999
20070243603
2007-10-18

Platform

#2000
20070243523
2007-10-18

Methods and apparatus for the manipulation of particle suspensions and testing thereof

#2001
20070243117
2007-10-18

Disposable chamber for analyzing biologic fluids

#2002
20070237685
2007-10-11

Closed flow-through microplate and methods for using and manufacturing same

#2003
20070231214
2007-10-04

Pipette tip, liquid receiving structure, liquid supply device

#2004
20070217958
2007-09-20

Vessel tray

#2005
20070215554
2007-09-20

Device and method for separating, mixing and concentrating magnetic particles with a fluid and use thereof in purification methods

#2006
20070209572
2007-09-13

High throughput screening of crystallization materials

#2007
20070207535
2007-09-06

Reaction Container, and Reaction Device and Detection Device Using the Reaction Container

#2008
20070202018
2007-08-30

Sample plate support of adjustable angular orientation

#2009
20070178606
2007-08-02

Chromatography kit, examination container, and method for manufacturing the same

#2010
20070172394
2007-07-26

Specimen containment module for orthopedic simulator

#2011
20070169686
2007-07-26

Systems and methods for mixing reactants

#2012
20070157973
2007-07-12

Multi-reservoir pressure control system

#2013
20070154358
2007-07-05

Methods and apparatus for minimizing evaporation of sample materials from multiwell plates

#2014
20070151212
2007-07-05

Specimen vial sealing apparatus and method

#2015
20070148040
2007-06-28

Pipette tip indicator

#2016
20070134135
2007-06-14

Disposable Reaction Cuvette Segment for Use in Full Automatic Chemistry Analyzers

#2017
20070132230
2007-06-14

Coupling for conduits sealed in a recess of a housing

#2018
20070131612
2007-06-14

Cell separation method and apparatus

#2019
20070128612
2007-06-07

DNA family tree kit

#2020
20070122834
2007-05-31

Biochip substrate holding method and biochip-reader

#2021
20070116613
2007-05-24

Sample tube and system for storing and providing nucleic acid samples

#2022
20070116600
2007-05-24

Detection device and methods associated therewith

#2023
20070116599
2007-05-24

Storage and supply system for clinical solutions used in an automatic analyzer

#2024
20070104617
2007-05-10

Capped tubes

#2025
20070099292
2007-05-03

Reactor systems having a light-interacting component

#2026
20070098597
2007-05-03

Device for the automatic opening and closing of reaction vessels

#2027
20070097357
2007-05-03

Position detection based on two-directional correlation

#2028
20070080063
2007-04-12

Electrode apparatus for use with a microfluidic device

#2029
20070077179
2007-04-05

Component used in microprocess control

#2030
20070059817
2007-03-15

Biochemical reaction cassette with improved liquid filling performance

#2031
20070059494
2007-03-15

MICROFABRICATED ELASTOMERIC VALVE AND PUMP SYSTEMS

#2032
20070055453
2007-03-08

Methods for electronic fluorescent perturbation for analysis and electronic perturbation catalysis for synthesis

#2033
20070054413
2007-03-08

Method for obtaining sample material

#2034
20070048193
2007-03-01

Pipetting device

#2035
20070042346
2007-02-22

Method and apparatus for detection of rare cells

#2036
20070035820
2007-02-15

Sample tube handling apparatus

#2037
20070031975
2007-02-08

Formats for optical analysis and methods of manufacturing the same

#2038
20070031296
2007-02-08

IMPROVED TWO-PART MICROWELL PLATES AND METHODS OF FABRICATING SAME

#2039
20070030480
2007-02-08

Accomodating device for specimen slides

#2040
20070029202
2007-02-08

Microfluidic system with adjustment for an optical detection

#2041
20070025885
2007-02-01

Microtitre plate with a relieved perimeter

#2042
20070020152
2007-01-25

Kinematic wellplate mounting method

#2043
20070020151
2007-01-25

Pipette tip holder

#2044
20070017885
2007-01-25

Pharmaceutical sample storage system

#2045
20070017306
2007-01-25

Sample tube

#2046
20070015289
2007-01-18

Dispenser array spotting

#2047
20070014694
2007-01-18

High density plate filler

#2048
20070009383
2007-01-11

Valve control system for a rotating multiplex fluorescence detection device

#2049
20070003447
2007-01-04

Fluid dispensing system

#2050
20060288761
2006-12-28

Method and device for forming a liquid—liquid interface, especially for surface tension measurement

#2051
20060266719
2006-11-30

Sample tube holder

#2052
20060263875
2006-11-23

Receiver plate with multiple cross-sections

#2053
20060263795
2006-11-23

Method and apparatus for facilitating the creation and analysis of microarrays

#2054
20060263271
2006-11-23

Holders for arrays

#2055
20060258010
2006-11-16

Apparatus and method for handling fluids for analysis

#2056
20060257993
2006-11-16

Integration of fluids and reagents into self-contained cartridges containing sensor elements

#2057
20060257992
2006-11-16

Integration of fluids and reagents into self-contained cartridges containing sensor elements and reagent delivery systems

#2058
20060254918
2006-11-16

Expanding cam lock for sealing slab gels in an electrophoresis apparatus

#2059
20060249582
2006-11-09

Label system and method for label alignment and placement

#2060
20060234267
2006-10-19

Bioarray chip reaction apparatus and its manufacture

#2061
20060233673
2006-10-19

High density plate filler

#2062
20060233672
2006-10-19

High density plate filler

#2063
20060233671
2006-10-19

High density plate filler

#2064
20060233670
2006-10-19

High density plate filler

#2065
20060228265
2006-10-12

Particulate separation filters and methods

#2066
20060227325
2006-10-12

Compact optical detection system for a microfluidic device

#2067
20060216740
2006-09-28

Methods for the electronic, homogeneous assembly and fabrication of devices

#2068
20060216211
2006-09-28

Sample holder and microscope assembly

#2069
20060215155
2006-09-28

Flow cell consisting of layer and connection means

#2070
20060211080
2006-09-21

Automated biological plate spreader

#2071
20060198767
2006-09-07

Reaction plate adaptor apparatus

#2072
20060198766
2006-09-07

Docking device for a fluidic microsystem

#2073
20060196409
2006-09-07

Systems and methods for mixing reactants

#2074
20060191893
2006-08-31

Manually-operable multi-well microfiltration apparatus and method

#2075
20060188409
2006-08-24

Multi-well container positioning devices, systems, computer program products, and methods

#2076
20060180489
2006-08-17

Slide tray

#2077
20060166226
2006-07-27

DNA amplification device

#2078
20060163069
2006-07-27

Universal interface for a micro-fluidic chip

#2079
20060154232
2006-07-13

Stack of supports, in particular for cryopreservation of biological samples

#2080
20060148069
2006-07-06

Biochemical container

#2081
20060147996
2006-07-06

Device for holding and detecting substance libraries

#2082
20060141612
2006-06-29

Automated method of manufacturing polymer arrays

#2083
20060137980
2006-06-29

Heterogeneous membrane electrodes

#2084
20060133963
2006-06-22

Adapter for attaching information to test tubes

#2085
20060127579
2006-06-15

Confinement of liquids on surfaces

#2086
20060127275
2006-06-15

Liquid analysis cartridge

#2087
20060120835
2006-06-08

Article handling system and method

#2088
20060120834
2006-06-08

Article handling system and method

#2089
20060119844
2006-06-08

Disposable optical cuvette cartridge with low fluorescence material

#2090
20060114553
2006-06-01

Optical system for cell imaging

#2091
20060105469
2006-05-18

Assay devices

#2092
20060105359
2006-05-18

Method and apparatus for automated pre-treatment and processing of biological samples

#2093
20060101830
2006-05-18

Thermal cycler with protection from atmospheric moisture

#2094
20060094108
2006-05-04

Thermal cycler for microfluidic array assays

#2095
20060093697
2006-05-04

Method and device for flowing a liquid on a surface

#2096
20060093530
2006-05-04

Pipette tip rack and pipette tip assembly

#2097
20060088863
2006-04-27

Automated method of manufacturing polyer arrays

#2098
20060054228
2006-03-16

Method of forming a via in a microfabricated elastomer structure

#2099
20060051857
2006-03-09

Cell culture insert

#2100
20060051249
2006-03-09

Device for protein crystallisation